内蒙古民族大学本科毕业论文
中西传统节日中的文化差异
裴海峰
摘要：节日是一种文化现象，它不仅反映着人们社会生活的各个方面，同时也诠释着一个民族的文化。中西方文化存在各个方面的差异，传统节日文化是其中重要的一项。中国的春节和西方的圣诞节分别是东西方最重要的传统节日,它们各有其独特的起源，习俗，社会功能，文化内涵。本文通过对中西方传统节日春节和圣诞节的比较分析，从而深入了解中西文化的差异
关键词：传统节日中西文化差异
On the Cultural Differences Between Chinese and Western
Traditional Festivals
Pei Haifeng
Abstract：Culture is an important cultural phenomenon, it is not only a way of showing the social life of its people, but also a good way of passing on the national cultural. There are aspects of differences between Chinese and Western cultures. Traditional festivals are one of the important differences. The Chinese Spring Festival and the western Christmas are the most important traditional festival for the eastern and western, they have unique origin，custom，social function and culture meaning. This paper demonstrates the cultural differences between Chinese and Western, by analyzing the tradition festival of Chinese and western.
Key Words: traditional festivals Chinese and Western cultures differences
Contents
Introduction (1)
1. The origin of Chinese Spring Festival and Christmas (2)
1.1 The origin of Chinese Spring Festival (2)
1.2 The origin of Christmas (4)
2 Analysis of Chinese Spring Festival and western Christmas (6)
2.1 agriculture and religion (6)
2.2 Ways of expressing feelings (7)
2.3 Religious belief (7)
3 Analysis of Chinese and western traditional festivals (8)
3.1 The way of naming (8)
3.2The way of celebration (8)
3.3The way of feeling (9)
Conclusion (10)
Notes (11)
Bibliography (12)
On the Cultural Differences Between Chinese and Western
Traditional Festivals
Pei Haifeng
Introduction
Every nation has its own culture. On the soil of culture, there grows its traditional festival. Traditional festival is a very important part of culture. Different nation has different culture and traditional festivals. The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people, just like Christmas in the West.
There are some differences between Chinese and Western cultures. Traditional festivals are one of the important differences. This essay probes into the differences between Chinese and Western cultures through traditional festivals. First, they are distinctly different in their origins. The festivals in China mainly stem from seasons and solar periods, which are closely related to agriculture. “The festivals in western countries generally stem from religion and its relative events. So they all are influenced with religious features. Second, they are apparently different in their customs. When celebrating the festivals, the Chinese tend to focus more attention on eating and drinking, while the westerners tend to put more attention to the seeking of pleasure and entertainments.” [1]In the era of globalization, due to the development and intensification in economic and cultural exchanges, we can feel the quick step of Chinese-western culture communication from the people’s celebration on each other’s festivals. The people of both sides accept and adore each other’s traditional festivals and there is a new tendency of selecting the superiority and eliminating the inferiority.
Local customs is a charming world, where one can learn the history and culture of the country he/she is staying more profoundly. Local customs find full expressions in the traditional festivals.
Take Chinese traditional festivals for example. Characterized by diverse styles and themes, Chinese traditional festivals are an important part of Chinese history and culture, both ancient and modern. A close relationship exists between many of the
traditional festivals and chronology, mathematics, the Chinese calendar and the twenty-four solar terms. Many of the customs connected with the traditional festivals have links with religious devotions, superstitions and myths. Almost every festival has its own unique origins and customs which reflect the traditional practices and morality of the whole Chinese nation and its people. And it is true with Western traditional festivals.
Chinese and western festivals are a window into their different cultures, including their tradition, their belief and their value. Since culture is so much reflected in the festivals, it is quite meaningful to probe into the origins and ways of celebration, etc, of the different festivals between China and the western countries so as to promote the cross-cultural communication．
1. The origin of Chinese Spring Festival and Christmas
1.1 The origin of Chinese Spring Festival
Spring Festival starts with the new moon on the first day of the new year and ends on the full moon 15 days later. So the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February. The Spring festival celebrates the earth coming back to life, and the start of ploughing and sowing. In the past, feudal rulers of dynasties placed great importance on this occasion, and ceremonies to usher in the season were performed.
The first day of lunar years called “nian chu yi” (the first day of nian). There is folklore about the monster called “nian”. In fact, the festival stems from the agricultural production. China is an agricultural country and our ancestors have known how to crop in the fields and formed a farming industry thousands of years ago. After accumulating experience during the long-time cultivation, the ancient people find out that the proper seeds planting in springtime leads to a good harvest in autumn. Later, a famous saying comes into being “the whole year’s work depends on a good starting in spring”. Therefore, the springtime becomes the time for the Chinese. Because the Chinese regard springtime as a start of the whole year, no wonder the
Chinese place so much emphasis on the springtime, and Spring Festival is treated as such an important festival. Meanwhile, this festival mirrors are the Chinese attitudes to the relationship between nature and human---keeping harmony. In daily life and work, people find a certain rule in nature; following it, people set the production schedule to help plant in a reasonable way. In nature, people make development and enjoy life.
After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".
Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing.
Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.
Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.
The Chinese character "fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes", both being pronounced as "fudaole." What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall.
People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations,
respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.
Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.
Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.
Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.
The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. “The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished.” [2]
1.2 The origin of Christmas
Christmas to the westerns is compared as Spring Festival to Chinese. It is on
December 25th every year and usually lasts for a week, until a new year. Christmas originated from Europe. How Christmas comes into being must date back to 1A.D.when Jesus came into world. The name Christmas is short for “Christ’s Mass”.
A Mass is a kind of church service. Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus. In Bible, “There is a vivid description of the story about Jesus birth: in a city of Galilee, the virgin’s name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came tighter, she was found with a child of the Holy Spirit. While Joseph her husband wanted to put her away secretly, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary would bring forth a son, and he should call him, Jesus, for he would save his people from their sins. Finally, on December 25th, Mary brought forth her firstborn son---Jesus.”[3]
The Feast of Christmas It is not easy to pin-point the origins of the Christmas feast, today the more important feast of the Christmas season in most western Christian churches. One can only say for certain that the birth of Jesus Christ was being celebrated in Rome by the year 336 A.D.; afterwards the feast was celebrated in other Christian churches throughout the world.
December 25th is another question. No date for the birth of Jesus can be found in the New Testament, which is concerned more with the question "Who is Jesus?" than the date of his birth. Early Christian speculation about his birth date was influenced by the symbolism of the changing seasons, then popular in religious thought, which paid careful attention to the equinoxes and solstices of the sun. Christian scholars speculated that Jesus was conceived at the spring equinox (March 25th) and therefore was born on December 25th, the date of the winter solstice. “This is largely because they all believe in God and share similar values.” [4]
In many of the Christian churches, March 25th is still the Feast of the Annunciation, when the Angel Gabriel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of Jesus.
Possible impulse for the feast of Christmas may have came too from the establishment of the pagan feast of the "Unconquered Sun-God" by the Emperor
Aurelian in 274 A.D. to be celebrated on December 25, the day of the winter solstice in Rome and throughout the empire. In response, Christians could celebrate the feast of the "Sun of righteousness" (Malachi 4, 2), Jesus Christ, who called himself “the light of the world." Father Christmas
It is said that in the year of 300 AD, there was a kind old man and his name was Saint Nicholas. He was always ready to help the poor and often gave presents to them.
Today, Father Christmas is an imaginary figure, but nearly all young children believe in him. They think he is a happy old man with a long white beard and a long red robe.
“On the night of the twenty-fourth of December every year, Father Christmas from some cold northern land comes down the chimney of the fireplace to put presents by the beds of children or to fill their stockings.” [5] So when children go to bed that night, they hang up their stockings, and on Christmas morning they wake to find them full of presents. Of course, it's really their parents who fill the stockings.
Another name for Father Christmas is Santa Claus. Merry Christmas and Best Wishes for a Happy New Year! Beautiful dream comes true bring you Good wishes of happiness.
2 Analysis of Chinese Spring Festival and western Christmas
2.1 agriculture and religion
Spring Festival, is formed based on the ancient calendar. According to solar terms and harvest, the date for certain agricultural activities has been fixed. Therefore, the celebration also has close ties with agriculture. Though religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism play very important role in social life, they never match the far-reaching impact of agriculture on people’s tendency and thoughts. In China, agriculture is always placed in the first position. Through one year’s toil, people expect a joyful moment to have relaxation, after that they have to start a new round of hard working again. Up to now, in countryside, many antithetical couplets on the farmers’ doors read something like a prayer for a good harvest in the next year.
As mentioned above, people take December 25th as “Christ” birthday---Christmas Day. Therefore Christmas is a religious festival. Combined with our common sense, we can draw a brief conclusion that religion must play a dominant role in western society. As a matter of fact, the religion is a center of culture and society. People response their mind on religion, meanwhile religion controls people through people’s belief in God or spirit. It is not exaggerated to say that religion is ubiquitous in all walks of life. And just like the influence of agriculture in China, religion in west is connected with daily life and its impact is obviously to be witnessed in the other festivals, like Easter Day.
2.2 Ways of expressing feelings
Expect the above differences, Spring Festival reflects the feature of the strong localization, whether in its origin or in the way of observation or celebration. The origin is closely related to agriculture. Therefore, the way of observation or celebration is remarked by a lot of agricultural imprint. They are very unique local celebration way of letting off firecrackers, putting on the paper scrolls and having a get-together banquet. On the contrary, Christmas Day is a festival originated from Europe. For the historical reason, the European immigrants moved to America at the same time they brought a batch of European customs, traditions and festivals, including Christmas Day. Consequently, Christmas Day is world-wide, all westerners have this festival.
2.3 Religious belief
The effect of history, which in broadest sense, is the totality of all past events. From the long history of China, we can see Chinese culture is deeply rooted in agriculture and the festivals are localized by the agricultural activities. It is definitely decided by the state situation and people’s living habits in the long history. Spring Festival has close relation with the agricultural activities such as planting and harvest. In fact, other festivals such as Qing Ming and Chong Yang festivals which have not been mentioned in this article are also settled in line with the solar terms and also
connected with agriculture. Western culture is structured on the foundation of religion, thus the festivals have strong ties with Christianity. Apart from Christmas Day, the Easter Day is also connected with religion. The religion has an intensive impact on people’s life.
3 Analysis of Chinese and western traditional festivals
3.1 The way of naming
The first difference between Chinese and western traditional festivals are the way of naming the festivals. By observing the names of the festivals, we can easily find out the difference. “Chinese festivals were mostly named after the season, while western festivals were more often named after the religious figures or events.” [6] As we know, china is a traditional agricultural country. Since weather and season play an important role in agriculture, the traditional festivals, which were originally created for agricultural celebration, were in connection with season. It was easy and helpful for the peasants to remember the festivals named after seasons. Judging from the names, they knew how to deal with their crops at that time. For example, the spring festival is the time to sow the seeds. There is also Mid Autumn Day, Summer solstice and Winter Solstice and so on. Though there are some western festivals named after seasons like Midsummer Day of Finland in history, after the spread of religion, especially Christianity, festivals are mostly named after religion. Unlike china, religion plays a dominating role in western world. Westerners cannot live without religions. God and Jesus Christ are deep ingrained in their mind. It is not startle for us to learn that most of the festivals were named after religions. So, there is Nativity of St. Mary, Christmas, All Saints’ Day and Holy Saturday.
3.2The way of celebration
When we talk about festival, celebration is an indispensable part. Because of culture differences, the celebration activities of Chinese and western traditional festivals are quite different. As known to all, Chinese Diet has a long history. So, it
inevitably became one of the most important factors of festival celebration. One interesting figure is that different festivals have different food and different foods carry different wishes of Chinese people. On the spring festival, people have New Year’s Cake hoping that family members will get promotion in the coming year, have New Year’s Eve Meal wishing the whole family could unite eve ry year. Almost every tradition festival has one special such as glutinous rice dumpling on lantern Festival, Moon cake on Mid Autumn Day. However, western festivals have no fixed menu. They pay more attention to festival gifts, cards and entertainments. According to legend, Santa Clause sends Christmas gifts to children on Christmas Eve. To a certain extent, gifts have become the most important part of Christmas celebration nowadays. Besides, people also give presents to others on other festivals. For instance, on Saint Valentine’s Day, people send roses or chocolates to their beloved persons. Entertainment is another essential part. On festivals, there are a lot of parties and carnivals held by different community. They may go out to the street and dance crazily with strangers. This also reflects that westerners are more open- minded.
3.3The way of feeling
Another difference is that people of different countries can accept western festivals more easily than Chinese traditional festivals. One important reason is that western festivals are based on solar calendar, which is world-wide-used, while Chinese traditional festivals are based on lunar calendar, which is used only in China. For this reason, it is hard for people from other countries to follow us. Besides, western culture shows great respect to human rights and pays special attention to individual development. This sense can be found in western festivals. Take Saint Valentine’s Day as an example again. It has become a worldwide festival. It is a festival for lovers only. On that day, people can show their love to their beloved persons without hesitation. It is human nature. No matter what nationality he or she is, he or she needs love. So, it can be accepted by the whole word. And it was formed in that certain culture. However, under the atmosphere of feudalism, it was impossible for Chinese to develop such kind of festival at that time as men and women were
allowed to touch each other unless they were couples. Since most of the Chinese traditional festivals were developed under the guidance of feudalism, it was difficult for foreigner to absorb the ideas.
Conclusion
Traditional festival is a very important part of culture. Different nation has different culture and traditional festivals. The Spring Festival and Christmas are the most important festivals for the Chinese and western people. Chinese and western festivals are a window into their different cultures, including their tradition, their belief and their value. Since culture is so much reflected in the festivals, it is quite meaningful to probe into the origins and ways of celebration, etc, of the different festivals between China and the western countries During the festivity, the particular and colorful activities preserve the most delicate and representative aspect of national culture. Even though the forms of festivals are various form one another, they all stand for wisdom, experience or a treasure handed down from the ancient people. So we can find the feature of culture through the understanding of the festivals in this country or nation. Festivals belong to a certain nation, and also belong to all the human being. Despite the different origins, backgrounds and social structures, human being always have the same beautiful feeling in pursuit for love and happiness
Notes
[1] 黄健，翁志实主编.节日大观[M].福州.福建科学技术出版社，2004.p264
[2] 乌丙安.中国民俗学[M]. 沈阳.辽宁大学出版社，2002 .p322
[3] 张宪周，张泽琪主编.中外节庆大观[M].南昌.江西高校出版社，1996.p4-5.
[4] 来安方主编．英美概况大象出版社p9
[5]黄健，翁志实主编.节日大观[M].福州.福建科学技术出版社，2004.p9.
[6] 王心洁，肖卫华.中美传统节日之比较[J].东南亚研究2002 .p264
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一、背景： 节日是指一年中被赋予特殊社会文化意义并穿插于日常之间的日子，是人们丰富多彩生活的集中展现。有这样一句名言: “每个民族的每个节日, 正是反映这个民族文化最真实的一面”。每个民族的传统节日都包含着一个民族历史形成和沉淀下来的性格、心理、信仰、道德情操、审美情趣，以及诸多民族文化深层结构内涵的价值取向，是民族精神在特定的社会土壤上长期孕育的结果和重要载体，是一个民族生存形态最突出、最具特色的展示。 二、中西方传统节日的起源与形成差异 由于中国长期处于封建统治的自给自足的农业社会和自然经济之中，所以其传统节日当然不可避免地保持其农业色彩。中国的主要传统节日，都跟中国作为农业社会所厉行的历法和中国历法中所规定的节气密切相关，具有浓厚的农业色彩。 在西方国家，宗教是文化和社会的中心。人们的思想可以通过宗教来反应。与此同时，宗教通过人类对上帝或精神的信仰控制着他们。自从欧洲大陆被基督教文明浸染后，西方几乎所有影响最大的传统节日都与基督教有关，可以毫不夸张地说，宗教存在于各行各业。 通过对比，我们看到：中国的节日主要与节气有关，祈求自身吉祥幸福，这充分体现了天人合一的中国传统哲学思想。比如我们过春节时有守岁除“夕”的习俗，这就是把自然人格化,追求人的精神消融于自然界之中,人与自然共呼吸的和谐状态。西方的节日主要源于宗教及相关事件，缅怀上帝、求其保佑，以基督教的精神教育感化着民众。比如过圣诞节时人们会感谢上帝，祈祷一切美好的梦想会变成现实。孩子们更为高兴，因为他们会收到圣诞老人送来的礼物。 三、中西方传统节日的习俗的差异 节日习俗则是在节日里出现的风俗习惯和庆祝方式。每个节日都有自己的一些独特的庆祝活动，这一点中西方都相同。但中西方的节日风俗却有着很大的不同， 中国的传统节日习俗主要以吃喝饮食为主题，并且以家庭为单位。中国的传统节日都以具有文化意蕴的饮食风俗：如清明节的冷食与雄黄酒、中秋节的月饼、重阳节的重阳糕与菊花酒、端午节的粽子等等。 西方人对生命的追求是以健康快乐为目的，除必须的饮食营养外，更主要的是通过宗教和娱乐活动来实现，认为人生来有原罪，必须通过信仰上帝，参加宗教仪式和不断忏悔等才能赎罪，从而得到行令净化和快乐，因此西方的节日习俗不仅有浓厚的宗教色彩，而且注重宗教仪式后的一种身心季解脱式的愉悦和快乐。 综上所述，我们可以发现，中西民族在这种节日活动中表现出来的文化差异：中国讲究饮食，体现了“民以食为天”的文化传统；西方则偏好交往，具有游牧文化的遗风和商业文明的特色。 四、中西方传统节日的文化价值的差异 在中国，人们尊重集体并把个人投入集体当中，他们重视集体而不是个人。因为是继承了儒家的集体主义，因此这些节日表现出对整体情况的考虑。而西方人却截然不同，他们尊敬人与自然，强调个人价值，并且追求自由主义和个人主义。从另一方面来说，中国的节日体现着中国人的美德和风尚，尊老爱幼，互叙亲情，这些是我们民族的优良传统，应该继续发扬，所以国人一直坚守着这些中国节的好习俗、好风气。西方的传统节日体现了社会发展的需要、社会前进的必然，体现了人类社会的群体性、众人共同参与性，适应了现代社会人们渴望互相交流、群体参与、共同发泄情绪的愿望。 五、结语 通过上述的分析比较可以看到，中西传统节日文化存在着其起源及习俗等方面的差异性。而在两种文化的交流中，它们彼此渗透彼此交融。中国作为一个文明古国，拥有着多彩的传统文化。然而在当今全球化的时代背景下，只有不断增强综合国力，包括增强文化竞争力，保持传统节日的生命力，才能融入国际社会，又稳住阵脚，从而立于不败之地。
中西节日文化差异英文公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's
浅谈中俄传统节日的文化对比 王阿琴河北大学外国语学院 摘要：本文比较研究了中俄传统节曰的文化习俗，指出了两国主要传统节曰的文化差异和相似之处。本文介绍了中俄主要传统节日来源上的异同，比较中俄两国在过新年、三八妇女节以及祭祀死者节日的风俗习惯，研究中俄传统节曰文化，并分析其异同，探寻在俄语教学中渗透节曰文化知识的方法，以增强大学生俄语学习习得能力和培养跨文化语言交际的能力，以便促进中俄两国人民更好地交流 关键词：中俄；传统节曰；文化对比 作者简介：王阿琴（1990.06.21-),女，汉族，籍贯：山西省长治市襄垣县，河北大学外国语学院俄语语言文学专业在读硕士研究生。 [中图分类号]:G04 [文献标识码]:A [文章编号]:1002- 2139(2014)- 1斗191- 01 一、中俄传统节日的文化对比 1、中俄新年节日比较 在俄罗斯人看来，新年是最重要的节日，节期是1月1 日。但以前不是这样，最初俄罗斯新年在每年的3月1日庆祝，会举行祭祀太阳的仪式。1699年，彼得大帝下令把新年定到每年的1月1日庆祝，并命令人们用柏树、枞树等树装饰房屋。之后，枞树成为了新年重要的标志。1930年，新年被定为全国法定节日。为了庆祝新年，俄罗斯人会早早地置办新年食品，如水果、马铃薯、蜜饯等，采购松树、枞树或云杉。在他们看来，装饰新年枞树是件大事，所以，常常会全家人一起动手用枞树装饰房子。新年的庆祝中当然少不了严寒老爷爷和他的孙女雪姑娘。在新年来临之际，他们会背着一大口袋礼物，以便赠送人们新年礼物，向人们祝贺新年。在午夜12点钟，克里姆林宫的大自鸣钟会传出响亮的钟声，电视机和收音机将把这个钟声传遍全国，此刻，举国欢庆，人们都举杯祝福，相互祝贺。 丰盛的晚餐也是庆祝新年的必需品，俄罗斯人认为，新年要吃得好，来年才能吃饱；新年要着新装，一年将不愁穿；除夕若不痛快，全年都将倒霉。这也反映了俄罗斯人新年讲究吃好，穿好，玩好的传统风俗习惯。 新年是中国人最重视的传统节日，期限是从正月初一持续到正月初五，正月十五元宵节新年才结束。 过年之前，每个家庭都会把屋子打扫的非常干净，被叫做“扫尘”。家庭主妇还要置办好年货，包括过年食物，新年衣服。其中鱼是新年必不可少的食品，要知道在汉语里，“鱼”和“余”是谐音，为祈求连年有余，表达人们美好的祝愿，鱼就成了新年独特的食品。中国新年讲究家人团聚，远在他乡的亲人早早就计划好何时乘何种交通工具方能准时回家，以便和家人共度春节。大年三十，家家户户就会贴上春联，挂好年画，贴好福字。除夕，中国人喜欢一家人围在一个桌子上吃年夜饭，饭后一起看春节联欢晚会。春节期间，不管大人，小孩都会走亲访友，俗称“串门”。所以，拜年是中国传统新年的特点之一，为新年增添了活跃的氛围。 俄罗斯的新年和中国的新年都凸显了家人的大团聚而营造的一种祥和和快乐的气氛。但中
中西方节日文化差异比较 传统的民族节日形成是一个民族的历史文化的长期积淀。节日的由来原因与人们的生活有密切的联系, 它体现了人民丰富的情感 世界, 寄托了人民对生活的热爱。有这样一句名言: “每个民族的每个节日, 正是反映这个民族文化最真实的一面”。可见, 要了解一个民族的文化底蕴, 必须从他们的传统节日入手, 才能了解到他们的 文化特色与民族特点。 一、中西节日的起源与形成差异 中国长期以来处于封建自给自足的农业社会和自然经济中, 其传统 节日具有浓厚的农业色彩,包含了农耕文明的社会特征, 主要是从岁时节令转换而来的。我国古代长期以农为本, 在生产力和农业技术不发达的情况下, 十分重视气候对农作物的影响。在春种、夏长、秋收、冬藏的过程中认识了自然时序的复杂规律, 总结出四时、二十四节气,形成了以节日为主的传统节日。勤劳的中国人民为了更好地生存, 必须大力发展农业, 而农业的发展离不开天气的关照。古人云“春雨贵如油”、“清明忙种麦, 谷雨种大田”。在古代, 春节、清明节( 古代称三月节) 等都是重要的农事节日。 西方文化由于长久受基督教的影响, 其传统节日起源带有浓厚的宗 教色彩, 如情人节( 纪念名叫瓦丁的基督教殉难者) 、复活节( 基督教纪念耶稣复活) 、万圣节( 纪念教会所有圣人) 、圣诞节( 基督教纪念耶稣诞生) , 这些节日的起源大多与宗教有关系。当然, 西方节日中也有和农业有关的节日, 但他们以农业为主的节日的历史不如
中国漫长。 二、中西节日庆祝方式差异 中国的传统节日, 基本是封建社会时期形成的, 不可避免地留下封建社会的痕迹: 等级制、家族式, 节日无不以家族内部活动为中心。西方的传统节日就不同了, 更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢性, 以自我为中心, 崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的家族性恰好相反, 体现了西方文化的群体性, 反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿望,体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。这里试举两例说明。 ( 1) 春节与新年。作为新一年的开始, 中西方有着极大差异的庆祝方式。春节作为中国最重要的传统节日, 源于秦朝, 定于每年农历的一月一日, 从农历12月23日开始, 人民开始开展各种庆祝方式, 一直持续到元宵节。春节的习俗繁多, 如大扫除、吃团圆饭拜年、放鞭炮, 舞狮子等。总之, 不论是大街小巷, 都笼罩着一股浓浓的喜庆气氛。而西方, 他们崇尚的是过公历新年, 即元旦。相比之下他们过年的方式就浪漫多了, 在12月31日晚, 各地区的人民涌上街道,进行盛大的狂欢, 到了深夜接近零时时, 数十万人会聚集于一起, 诚心地祈祷, 为新的一年的到来倒计时。当大钟敲响12下, 顿时, 优美的乐曲奏响, 揭开了华丽舞会的序幕, 人们通宵达旦地庆祝。 可见, 春节与新年各有千秋: 春节, 充满浓厚的传统气息和独有的魅力; 新年, 体现时代的气息和潮流的感觉, 更贴近现代生活。( 2) 万圣节与中元节。万圣节作为西方的重要节日之一, 颇受人民
中西方节日文化对比 一、中西方传统节日起源的差异 各国有着不同的国情，其传统节日的起源和形成也存在很大的差别。中国是一个有着古老东方文明的国家。其悠久的历史和优良传统为传统节日的成长提供了肥沃的土壤。作为一个农业国，中华文化深深根植于农业，因此，农业活动使得节日更具有地方性色彩。从另一方面来说，传统节日的形成过程，是一个民族或国家的历史文化长期积淀凝聚的过程。例如，春节与一些农业活动，如种植、收获，有着密切的联系。作为中国最重要的节日，春节的起源可以追溯到几千年来不断进化的一系列丰富多彩的传说和传统。 西方的传统节日的起源都带有浓厚的宗教色彩。在西方国家，宗教是文化和社会的中心。人们的思想可以通过宗教来反应。与此同时，宗教通过人类对上帝或精神的信仰控制着他们。自从欧洲大陆被基督教文明浸染后，西方几乎所有影响最大的传统节日都与基督教有关，可以毫不夸张地说，宗教存在于各行各业。二、中西方传统节日庆祝方式的差异 我们中国是礼仪之邦，再加上儒家思想的长期影响，我们的节日就特别注重仪式，节日里，年轻人必须礼拜老人，全家要吃团圆饭，要阖家共庆，阖家节日。即使是春节的互相串门拜年，也基本是在亲属之间。一群陌生人在一起狂欢，那是没有的、不可想象的。西方的节日的庆祝却强调内容的丰富多彩。在节日里， 对于别人送来的礼物，中国人往往要推辞一番，表现得无可奈何地接受，接受后一般也不当面打开。而在西方文化中，人们对别人送的礼品，一般都要当面打开称赞一番，并且欣然道谢。 由此可见，中西方传统节日的庆祝方式几乎是成两极分化的中国的传统节日, 基本是封建社会时期形成的, 不可避免地留下封建社会的痕迹。西方的传统节日就不同了, 更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢性, 以自我为中心,崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的家族性恰好相反, 体现了西方文化的群体性, 反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿望,体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。 三、中西方传统节日文化价值的差异 在中国，人们尊重集体并把个人投入集体当中，他们重视集体而不是个人价值或个人的自由发展。而西方人却截然不同，他们尊敬人与自然，强调个人价值，并且追求自由主义和个人主义。西方的人道主义重视个人价值，强调个人的权利与自由。从另一方面来说，中国的节日体现着中国人的美德和风尚，尊老爱幼，互叙亲情，这些是我们民族的优良传统，应该继续发扬，所以国人一直坚守着这些中国节的好习俗、好风气。其实中西方节日差异的远远不止这些，归根结底所有的一切还是与民族的历史有着密不可分的关系。随着世界各国交流的日益频繁及科学技术的发展，在国际交往中，我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和思维方式、生活习惯及行为方式与我们迥然不同的人，在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象。所以，保护我们原有的传统文化是必须的，但吸收新的文化也是必不可少的。中西方的文化互相渗透，相互融合，这是两种文化紧跟时代潮 流、永葆生命活力的一大福音。
广西教育学院 专科毕业论文（设计） 论文题目浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异系别：外语系 专业：应用英语 年级班级：11F应用英语班 学号：110338F01018 学生姓名：杨慧 指导教师：冯卡梨职称：讲师
广西教育学院 专科毕业论文（设计）任务书 课题名称：浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异 系别外语系 专业应用英语 班级应用英语班 学号110338F01018 姓名杨慧 指导教师（签名）__________ 年月日 教研室主任（签名）_________ 年月日 年月日
论文任务书
目录 浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异 (4) 中文摘要 (4) 关键词 (4) Abstract (5) Key words (5) 一、中西方传统节日的起源与形成的差异 (6) 二、中西方传统节日习俗的差异 (7) 2、1中国主要传统节日的习俗 (8) 2、2西方主要传统节日的习俗 (9) 三、中西方传统节日的相互交融 (10) 四、结语 (11) 参考文献 (12) 致谢 (13)
浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异 摘要 传统节日是一个民族发展的历史产物，无论是在有着五千多年悠长历史的中国还是在新生的美国，传统节日的起源都显示出相通之处，大多数传统节日都源自于人们在农业生产生活中对丰收的期盼、对天地神灵和自然的崇拜、以及对历史人物的祭奠等等。传统节日在长期的演变和发展中，已经成为民族文化不可或缺的一部分，透过传统节日可以反映一个民族的文化特色和民族精神。同时中国和西方国家的文化存在着各个方面的差异，传统节日文化是其中重要的一项，而中西节日文化也有着各自不同的特点。节日文化博大精深，各国的节日风俗是约定俗成的，有着各自鲜明的民族特色和丰富多彩的表现形式。本文从两国传统节日中有着相似文化内涵的节日出发，探讨这些传统节日在起源、节日习俗等方面的差异，并分析产生这些差异的原因，从而折射出两国传统节日文化的差异。另外本文也探讨了中西方传统节日的相互融合。 关键词：根源传统节日中西文化差异相互融合
春节与圣诞节所反映的中西文化差异 节日，一种文化现象，全方位的表现出孕育出节日的民族历史文化意识。中国的春节和西方的圣诞节分别是东西方最重要的节日，对这两个节日的由来、庆祝方式、社会功能、文化内涵、等方面进行比较，我们可以看出影响文化差异的诸多因素。 一、春节和圣诞节的来历 1.春节的来历 在中国，每年的农历新年，即正月初一是春节，民间俗称过年。据史籍记载，春节在唐虞时叫载，夏代叫岁，商代叫祀，周代才叫年。年的本义指谷物生长周期，谷子一年一热，所以春节一年一次，含有庆丰的寓意。又传，春节起源于原始社会末期的腊祭，当时每逢腊尽春来，先民便杀猪宰羊，祭祀神鬼与祖灵，祈求新的一年风调雨顺，免去灾祸。 2.圣诞节的来历 12月25日是西方国家的圣诞节，是庆祝耶稣诞生的节日。根据《圣经》的记载，耶稣于公元一世纪初在耶路撒冷城外的伯利恒出生。耶稣是为了救世俗的人，赎世俗的人罪而降为人的，所以俗称救世主。世界各地范围内的基督教徒将12月25日公认为耶稣的生日。直到公元440年罗马教皇正式宣布12月25日这一天为圣诞节。 二、春节与圣诞节的文化比较 1.节日习俗 中国人们把春节作为中国人数千年的核心节日。节前，采购年货物品。除夕夜在大门上或屋里粘贴财神、门神像、倒贴福字以及红纸金字的新年寄语的春联和寓意吉祥的年画。大红灯笼门前挂，放鞭炮、祭灶、祭祖等仪式，吃年夜饭，熬年守岁等活动都是要为节日增添足够的喜庆气氛。节中有给儿童压岁钱、走亲戚看朋友、相互拜年、道贺祝福等习俗。节后半月是元宵节，届时花灯满城，游人满街，盛况空前。 12月25日的圣诞节是一个令人欢乐的宗教性节日。每个家庭要在圣诞前夕特别布置圣诞树。圣诞树上挂满了彩色灯泡，枝头上缀满了银色和金色的闪光纸片，全家人围坐在圣诞树前，互赠礼物、互祝节日快乐。并且小孩要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子，等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物放在袜子内。在西方，扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。圣诞夜全家人围坐在一起吃火鸡、乳猪等圣诞大餐，大家一边吃一边聊天，唱歌跳舞或玩集体游戏。 2.表现形式不同 中国的年节无论衣食住行、言语行为，一切无不充溢着年的内容、年的意味和年的精神。且不说鞭炮、春联、福字、年画、、年糕、糖
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 《乱世佳人》中的清教主义思想解析 2 《儿子与情人》中扭曲的爱 3 A Summary of Symbols of The Scarlet Letter 4 论《吉姆老爷》中的英雄主义 5 从功能翻译理论看汉语公示语的英译 6 An Interpretation of A Tale of Two Cities from the Perspective of Symbolism 7 企业文化构建的话语分析路径 8 中美道歉语的跨文化研究 9 (英语系经贸英语)国外对华“双反”的现状、原因及对策研究 10 The Alternation of Language: A Study of Microblogging V ocabulary 11 美国梦的迷失—解析《了不起的盖茨比》 12 《洛丽塔》—时间的悲剧 13 从功能翻译理论看电影《功夫熊猫》的字幕翻译 14 电影字幕英汉翻译中网络流行语的现象研究 15 《傲慢与偏见》和《简爱》中的性别歧视现象和女权主义 16 从精神分析学角度探究《呼啸山庄》中的希斯克里夫 17 中美文化视野中对个人主义的认同差异 18 中外酒文化差异分析 19 中美脱口秀会话分析对比研究（开题报告+论） 20 哈代的女性观在苔丝中的反映 21 《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的反叛和自我救赎 22 中西餐桌礼仪中的文化差异 23 浅析理发师陶德一剧中歌词的妙用 24 从体育舞蹈看中西方社会的审美文化差异 25 英语委婉语的语用分析 26 质本洁来还洁去——解读茶花女玛格丽特的悲情人生 27 我国中小学英语语音教学现存的问题与对策 28 维多利亚时期简爱与苔丝的不同命运 29 海明威的死亡哲学——海明威作品解读 30 英汉委婉语的对比及翻译 31 分析《红字》中的孤独感 32 对《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳的悲剧性分析 33 关于爱伦坡诗歌死亡主题的探讨 34 浅谈《认真的重要性》里现实主义和唯美主义的冲突 35 对美国总统就职演说的修辞分析 36 Cooperative Learning in English Interpretation Class 37 解析《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂悲剧的必然性 38 《名利场》的女性主义解读 39 从影片《刮痧》分析中美文化差异和冲突 40 An Analysis on Cultural Differences in Translation 41 《嘉莉妹妹》中女主人公的服饰所反映的女性意识 42 盖茨比的人物形象分析
一、中西节日的起源与形成差异中国长期以来处于封建自给自足的农业社会和自然经济中, 其传统节日具有浓厚的农业色彩,包含了农耕文明的社会特征, 主要是从岁时节令转换而来的。我国古代长期以农为本, 在生产力和农业技术不发达的情况下, 十分重视气候对农作物的影响。在春种、夏长、秋收、冬藏的过程中认识了自然时序的复杂规律, 总结出四时、二十四节气, 形成了以节日为主的传统节日。勤劳的中国人民为了更好地生存, 必须大力发展农业, 而农业的发展离不开天气的关照。古人云“春雨贵如油”、“清明忙种麦, 谷雨种大田”。在古代, 春节、清明节( 古代称三月节) 等都是重要的农事节日。西方文化由于长久受基督教的影响, 其传统节日起源带有浓厚的宗教色彩, 如情人节( 纪念名叫瓦丁的基督教殉难者) 、复活节( 基督教纪念耶稣复活) 、万圣节( 纪念教会所有圣人) 、圣诞节( 基督教纪念耶稣诞生) , 这些节日的起源大多与宗教有关系。当然, 西方节日中也有和农业有关的节日, 但他们以农业为主的节日的历史不如中国漫长。 二、中西节日庆祝方式差异中国的传统节日, 基本是封建社会时期形成的, 不可避免地留下封建社会的痕迹: 等级制、家族式, 节日无不以家族内部活动为中心。西方的传统节日就不同了, 更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢性, 以自我为中心, 崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的家族性恰好相反, 体现了西方文化的群体性, 反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿望,体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。这里试举两例说明。(1) 春节与新年。作为新一年的开始, 中西方有着极大差异的庆祝方式。春节作为中国最重要的传统节日, 源于秦朝, 定于每年农历的一月一日, 从农历12月23日开始, 人民开始开展各种庆祝方式, 一直持续到元宵节。春节的习俗繁多, 如大扫除、吃团圆饭拜年、放鞭炮, 舞狮子等。总之, 不论是大街小巷, 都笼罩着一股浓浓的喜庆气氛。而西方, 他们崇尚的是过公历新年, 即元旦。相比之下他们过年的方式就浪漫多了, 在12月31日晚, 各地区的人民涌上街道,进行盛大的狂欢, 到了深夜接近零时时, 数十万人会聚集于一起, 诚心地祈祷, 为新的一年的到来倒计时。当大钟敲响12下, 顿时, 优美的乐曲奏响, 揭开了华丽舞会的序幕, 人们通宵达旦地庆祝。可见, 春节与新年各有千秋: 春节, 充满浓厚的传统气息和独有的魅力; 新年, 体现时代的气息和潮流的感觉, 更贴近现代生活。 ( 2) 万圣节与中元节。万圣节作为西方的重要节日之一, 颇受人民的重视。那一天, 每户门前都要挂上一盏南瓜灯, 人人都穿上奇装异服, 据说有辟邪之用。其实, 作为先进的发达国家, 人们对于鬼怪已不再迷信, 他们多半是为了寻开心而已。同时, 人们还举行盛大的化装舞会。他们可以任意去左邻右舍讨吃的, 绝不会受到惩罚。在中国, 传说中元节是鬼门关打开的日子, 这一天, 地府里的小鬼会出来游荡, 迷信色彩浓厚的中国人, 对鬼神是极为敬惧的。那一天, 他们会当街烧香祭祖, 祈求鬼神不要降祸于他们。于是, 中元节这个与时代格格不入的产物逐渐被淘汰了。 三、中西方节日文化比较之饮食差异比较中西传统节日中的饮食特点也有显著的差异。中国传统节日中的饮食是趋于感性的, 讲究色、香、味俱全。尤其是节日性美食, 每个节日都有不同的食品以区别其他的节日。春节是个祥和的节日, 也是亲人团聚的日子, 离家在外的人, 在过春节时都要回家欢聚。除夕晚上, 全家老小都一起熬夜、守岁, 欢聚酣饮, 共享天伦之乐。北方地区在除夕有吃饺子的习俗, 饺子的作法是先和面, “和”字就是“合”; 饺子的饺和交谐音, “合”和“交”有相聚之意,所以用饺子象征团聚合欢。此外, 饺子因为形似元宝, 过年时吃饺子, 也带有“招财进宝”的吉祥含义。南方有过年吃年糕的习惯, 甜甜的粘粘的年糕,
The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's cultural implication s and its cultural characteristics, we must start with its traditional festivals. There exists great difference between Chinese and Western festivals due to their different languages, education, life styles and customs. Recently, western festivals are becoming more and more popular among Chinese. On one hand, it can indeed bring some benefits to our country to some extent. On the other hand, we should pay attention to this phenomenon. The differences in their origin and shaping, celebration, food, banquet manners, color of festive dressing and the attitudes of accepting presents contribute to the great differences of Chinese and Western festive cultures. On the background of globalization, we should pay respect to western festivals, and carry forward our excellent traditional festivals at the same time. “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's cultural implications and its cultural characteristics, we must start with its traditional festivals. There exists great difference between the Chinese and Western festivals due to their different languages, education, life styles and customs.Recently, western festivals are becoming more and more popular among Chinese people, especially among the young. According to an internet survey, more than half of the thirties prefer foreign festivals.With the further development of society and
中西节日的文化内涵 1.中西节日的起源与形成差异 中国长期以来处于封建自给自足的农业社会和自然经济中, 其传统节日具有浓厚的农业色彩,包含了农耕文明的社会特征, 主要是从岁时节令转换而来的。我国古代长期以农为本, 在生产力和农业技术不发达的情况下, 十分重视气候对农作物的影响。在春种、夏长、秋收、冬藏的过程中认识了自然时序的复杂规律, 总结出四时、二十四节气, 形成了以节日为主的传统节日。勤劳的中国人民为了更好地生存, 必须大力发展农业, 而农业的发展离不开天气的关照。古人云“春雨贵如油”、“清明忙种麦, 谷雨种大田”。在古代, 春节、清明节( 古代称三月节) 等都是重要的农事节日。西方文化由于长久受基督教的影响, 其传统节日起源带有浓厚的宗教色彩, 如情人节( 纪念名叫瓦丁的基督教殉难者) 、复活节( 基督教纪念耶稣复活) 、万圣节( 纪念教会所有圣人) 、圣诞节( 基督教纪念耶稣诞生) , 这些节日的起源大多与宗教有关系。当然, 西方节日中也有和农业有关的节日, 但他们以农业为主的节日的历史不如中国漫长。 2.中西节日庆祝方式差异 中国的传统节日, 基本是封建社会时期形成的, 不可避免地留下封建社会的痕迹: 等级制、家族式, 节日无不以家族内部活动为中心。西方的传统节日就不同了, 更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢性, 以自我为中心, 崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的家族性恰好相反, 体现了西方文化的群体性, 反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿望,体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。这里试举两例说明。 2.1春节与新年。作为新一年的开始, 中西方有着极大差异的庆祝方式。春节作为中国最重要的传统节日, 源于秦朝, 定于每年农历的一月一日, 从农历12月23日开始, 人民开始开展各种庆祝方式, 一直持续到元宵节。春节的习俗繁多, 如大扫除、吃团圆饭拜年、放鞭炮, 舞狮子等。总之, 不论是大街小巷, 都笼罩着一股浓浓的喜庆气氛。而西方, 他们崇尚的是过公历新年, 即元旦。相比之下他们过年的方式就浪漫多了, 在12月31日晚, 各地区的人民涌上街道，进行盛大的狂欢, 到了深夜接近零时时, 数十万人会聚集于一起, 诚心地祈祷, 为新的一年的到来倒计时。当大钟敲响12下, 顿时, 优美的乐曲奏响, 揭开了华丽舞会的序幕, 人们通宵达旦地庆祝。可见, 春节与新年各有千秋: 春节, 充满浓厚的传统气息和独有的魅力; 新年, 体现时代的气息和潮流的感觉, 更贴近现代生活。 2.2万圣节与中元节。万圣节作为西方的重要节日之一, 颇受人民的重视。那一天, 每户门前都要挂上一盏南瓜灯, 人人都穿上奇装异服, 据说有辟邪之用。其实, 作为先进的发达国家, 人们对于鬼怪已不再迷信, 他们多半是为了寻开心而已。同时, 人们还举行盛大的化装舞会。他们可以任意去左邻右舍讨吃的, 绝不会受到惩罚。在中国, 传说中元节是鬼门关打开的日子, 这一天, 地府里的小鬼会出来游荡, 迷信色彩浓厚的中国人, 对鬼神是极为敬惧的。那一天, 他们会当街烧香祭祖, 祈求鬼神不要降祸于他们。于是, 中元节这个与时代格格不入的产物逐渐被淘汰了。 3.中西方节日文化比较之饮食差异比较 中西传统节日中的饮食特点也有显著的差异。中国传统节日中的饮食是趋于感性的, 讲究色、香、味俱全。尤其是节日性美食, 每个节日都有不同的食品以区别其他的节日。春节是个祥和的节日, 也是亲人团聚的日子, 离家在外的人, 在过春节时都要回家欢聚。除夕晚上, 全家老小都一起熬夜、守岁, 欢聚酣饮, 共享天伦之乐。北方地区在除夕有吃饺子的习俗, 饺子的作法是先和面, “和”字就是“合”; 饺子的饺和交谐音, “合”和“交”有相聚之意,所以用饺子象征团聚合欢。此外, 饺子因为形似元宝, 过年时吃饺子, 也带有“招财进宝”的吉祥含义。南方有过年吃年糕的习惯, 甜甜的粘粘的年糕, 象征新一年生活甜蜜蜜, 步步高升。元宵节有吃元宵的习俗, 端午节有吃粽子的习俗, 中秋节有吃月饼的习俗。而西方的饮食则是趋于理性的, 他比中国更重视营养的合理搭配。因此, 有发达的食品工业,如罐头、快餐等, KFC, McDonald 虽口味千篇一律,但节省时间, 且营养良好。
中西节日文化差异分析 一、引言 随着社会的不断发展和东西方文化交流的日益频繁，越来越多的西方国家节日被中国人所接受，成为人们日常生活中的一部分。正如中国人现在用近乎狂热的热情过起了圣诞节一样，情人节也已经悄悄渗透到了无数年轻人们的心目当中，成为中国传统节日之外的又一个重要节日。 二、文献综述 随着全球经济一体化的加剧,中西方文化交流日渐广泛的背景下,西方的一些节日和习俗,如圣诞节、情人节、愚人节已传入中国并呈现出在几乎所有社会群体中扩散的趋势，而中国的传统节日,如春节、端午节、中秋节等由于洋节的盛行在一定程度上受到了冲击，国人对洋节的热情更甚于传统节日。尤其是西方圣瓦伦丁节在中国的盛行,对中国传统节日七夕节礼俗文化造成极大的冲击，以乞巧为主要内容的节日习俗已不能满足当今社会转型时期人们的精神需求,七夕节面临着生存困境。 前人通过分析比较指出趋于彼此融合中的各国节日文化、节日风俗中鲜明的民族特色才是节日的永恒魅力、民族特色才是节日文化的重要特征。挽救七夕节,不能盲目效仿西方情人节。研究中西传统节日文化的根本目的在于继往开来,只有发掘本民族节日文化的内涵,对节日文化进行革新,认识到与传统节日相随的传统民俗文化是民族文化构成诸要素中最具普泛性、丰富性的要素，抓住这个主题要素，即在不断弘扬本民族优秀传统文化的同时,借鉴并利用西方文化中的精华。才能共同实现七夕节等传统节日在现代社会的创造再生，使传统节日所承载的传统文化得以延续。 文献中更多的是从节日本身所蕴含的文化符号角度出发比较分析，通过阅读分析这些文献，我得到了相应的启发，传统的七夕节的衰落和情人节的热捧有着鲜明的社会性意义，也让我认识到这一现象是在跨文化传播的背景下出现的，不仅仅是我们有这类现象，其他处于文化弱势的国家也同样如此，从而启发我从全球化背景下跨文化传播交流中提升软实力的角度分析两个节日的差异。 三、情人节与七夕节的缘起与发展 曾几何时，西方的情人节已经悄悄渗透到了中国无数年轻人的心目当中，成为中国传统节日之外的又一个重要节日，而且大有越来越狂热之势。由此，不由得让我们想到了与之相对应的中国人的情人节——七夕节。虽然两个节日属于相同的类型，都是有情人代表爱情的日子，但他们的缘起与发展，却有着完全不同的背景。 （一）情人节的由来
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9210323039.html, 中西方传统节日文化比较分析 作者：覃丽霞 来源：《中国民族博览》2017年第03期 【摘要】不同的国家具有不同的历史文化，而不同的历史文化又形成了不同的传统节日文化。中西方的发展历史以及文化背景存在很大的差异，这也使得中西方的传统节日文化存在很大的区别。但是随着社会的发展、文化的交融，中西方文化也体现出越来越多的共同点，本文主要对中西方传统节日文化的差异性和相同点进行比较和分析。 【关键词】中西方；传统节日文化；比较 【中图分类号】K891 【文献标识码】A 传统节日是传统文化的重要组成部分，能够反映出一个国家的历史发展和文化渊源，是民族行为模式以及心理发展特征的主要表现形式。中国的传统节日多数都诞生于农耕社会，随着社会的不断发展，主要形成了七大传统节日，包括春节、元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕、中秋以及重阳节。而西方的传统节日则多是建立在宗教文化上，比如圣诞节、复活节、万圣节等。随着中西方文化的交流发展，传统节日文化的重要性也逐渐地凸显出来。为了更好地实现中西方文化的交流，我们需要能够对中西方传统节日文化进行比较和分析，同时也实现对我国传统文化的传承和发展。 一、中西方传统节日的差异性 （一）发展渊源不同 中西方传统节日的渊源区别可以从两个方面来分析，第一是来源于不同的文明体系；第二是受到宗教的影响不同。文明体系是国家以及民族发展中所体现出来的稳定的、连续的、统一的、比较鲜明的文化体系。我国的文明体系源于炎黄时期，通过几千年的发展，逐渐成为传统的农耕文化，而这种文化影响着人们的思维、价值观念以及文化价值等，这也使得我国的传统节日带有明显的农耕文化特点[1]。西方国家的发展则是从畜牧业开始，同时受到商品文化、 宗教文化以及农耕文化的多重影响，形成了文化体系。随着社会的变迁以及物质文明的冲击，使得与农业相关的传统习俗逐渐被忽视和淡忘，我国传统节日的传承和发展也面临着巨大的危机。而随着社会的发展，西方的节日也逐渐从综合体系转变成以宗教文化为主的形式。 （二）节日习俗不同 节日习俗主要指的是在传统节日中，人们所承袭的礼节、习惯以及盛行的风尚等，中西方传统节日的习俗主要表现在节日的庆祝方式、饮食、祝福用语以及禁忌等。 1.节日庆祝的方式
浅谈中西方节日文化差异 中国和西方国家的节日及其习俗有着比较明显的差异。中国的节日主要源于岁时节气、祈求自身吉祥幸福，节日习俗以吃喝为主题，其原因主要是中国人对生命的追求以健康长寿为目的，并通过饮食来实现；西方的节日主要源于宗教及相关事件，缅怀上帝、求其保佑，节日习俗以玩乐为主题，其原因主要是西方人对生命的追求以健康快乐为目的，并通过宗教和娱乐活动来实现。不同的民族传统节庆之差异，都与该民族或由具有相同文化特质的诸多民族所构成的文化体系的生存形态和生活方式的差异密切相关。 中国的传统节日，基本都是封建社会时期形成并流传下来的，不可避免的打着封建的烙印：各节日无不以家族、家庭内部活动为中心。节日里，年轻人必须礼拜老人，全家要吃团圆饭，要阖家共庆。即使是春节的互相串门拜年，也基本是在亲属之间。一群陌生人在一起狂欢，那是没有的、不可想象的。此外，中国节的另一显著特点是体现着中国吃文化的习俗。每个节日都有不同的特色食品要求，以区别于其他节日。如吃饺子、粽子、月饼等等。中国的节日体现着中国人的美德和风尚，尊老爱幼，互叙亲情，是我们民族的优良传统，应该继续发扬，所以国人一直坚守着这些中国节的好习俗、好风气。即使喜欢过洋节的人，也没有谁想要摒弃中国节。 西方的节日就不同了，它更多地是表现出人们的互动性、众人参与性、狂欢性、热烈情绪的发泄性，以自我为中心，崇尚个性张扬，感恩节、圣诞节、情人节......莫不如此。这与中国节的封闭性、家族性恰好相反。它打破了封建的封闭形式，没有了上下级、老人与青年之间的等级束缚，体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。而在吃的方面，则没有那些严格的要求，过什么节并不在吃的不同上。 下面就以中国的春节，端午节，和中秋节为例，与西方国家的圣诞节，复活节，和感恩节进行对比，来看看中西文化的具体差异。 首先是中国的春节和西方国家的圣诞节。春节在每年的农历正月初一，春节的到来意寓着万象复苏，草木更新，新的一轮的播种和收获季节的开始。春节又会给人带来生机勃勃，充满希望的幸福感，因此，人们再此时节会充满喜悦，载歌载舞地迎接这个日子。按照汉族的过春节的习惯，人们会贴剪纸、贴春联、贴福字、点蜡烛、点旺火、放鞭炮、守岁、给压岁钱、拜年、走亲戚、送年礼、上祖坟等。节日期间，一般以吃年糕、饺子、汤圆、荷包蛋、大肉丸、全鱼、