2003年6月大学英语四级考试试题含答案

2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题（一）写作答案与详解Writing 写作
精彩点评
【1】开篇点题，通过学校的调查引入学生对在线课程的看法。

【2】承接第一句话，引出下文。

【3】【4】【5】用Among…comes first、Second和Furthermore 分条列举在线课程的优点。

【6】用Despite转折，指出在线课程具有一些缺点。

【7】【8】用On the one hand和On the other hand，分别指出了在线课程的不足之处。

【9】分别从老师和学生的角度提出建议。

在线课程
[1]最近，我们的大学正在进行一项关于学生对在线课程的看法的调查。

在我看来，[2]的在线课程既有优点也有缺点。

[3]在在线课程的所有优点中，灵活性是第一位的：学生可以随时随地学习。

[4]第二，通过在线课程，学生可以获得国内外知名教师提供的高质量课程。

[5]此外，学生还可以观看回放，反复学习难点知识。

[6]尽管有这些优势，但在线课程的缺点也不应被忽视。

[7]一方面，学生和教师之间很难实现高水平的互动。

[8]另一方面，在线课程需要自律和动力等品质，而大多数学生在没有老师监督的情况下难以保持专注。

[9]考虑到我们大学在线课程的整体情况，我认为，为了提高在线课程的有效性，教师应该提供更多的互动和协作的机会。

此外，学生应提高自学能力，充分利用网络课程。

2003年大学英语四级考试模拟试题（四）参考答案及听力原
文
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【期刊名称】《英语通：大学英语四级考试版》
【年(卷),期】2003(000)006
【总页数】2页(P61-62)
【作者】无
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H310.42
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2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)前言2023年6月的大学生英语四级考试即将到来，为了帮助广大考生更好地备战，本文提供了三套2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案。

希望本文可以对考生们的备考提供一定的帮助。

试卷一第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)听力理解部分包含了五个听力材料，每个材料后面有五个问题。

请考生根据所听到的内容选择正确的答案。

第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)阅读理解部分包含了四篇文章，每篇文章后面有五个问题。

请考生根据文章内容选择正确的答案。

第三部分：完型填空(共15小题)完型填空部分包含了一篇短文，短文中有15个空格。

请考生根据上下文选择合适的词语填入空格处。

辨析词义部分包含了10个句子，每个句子中都有一个加下划线的单词，考生需要根据句子的上下文选择最合适的词义。

第五部分：写作(共两个任务)写作部分包含了两个任务，第一个任务是写一篇关于城市交通问题的短文，第二个任务是根据一幅图画写一篇短文。

试卷二第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…试卷三第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)……第四部分：辨析词义(共10小题)…第五部分：写作(共两个任务)…答案及解析试卷一答案及解析听力理解1.B2.C3.A4.B5. C …阅读理解1.A2.D3.B4.C5. A …完型填空1.C2.A3.B4.D5. C …辨析词义1.B2.A3.C4.D5. B …写作任务一：城市交通问题的短文 (此处省略正文)任务二：根据一幅图画写一篇短文 (此处省略正文)试卷二答案及解析…试卷三答案及解析…注意：本文只是提供了试卷的框架和部分内容，实际的试卷内容和答案需要参考真实的2023年6月大学生英语四级考试。

希望本文可以帮助考生们更好地备考，祝大家顺利通过考试！。

Part 2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第2套）I Writing(30minutes)Directions:Suppose the student union of your university is organizing an online discussion on college students doing community service.You are to write an essay on its benefits and the service you can provide to the community.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A.She was involved in a conflict with bird lovers.B.She was charged with mistreating animals.C.She was on bad terms with her neighbors.D.She was accused of violating a city law.2.A.It will take time to solve the rat problem.B.All wild animals should be well protected.C.The woman was not to blame for the situation.D.No one should go unpunished for violating laws.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.municate with astronauts in Mars Dune Alpha.B.Work in an environment resembling Mars.C.Build a Martian habitat in Houston.D.Send in applications before Friday.4.A.Ready-made food.B.Food that is organic.C.Food they grow.D.Potatoes mostly.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A.He apologized for scratching an athlete’s gold medal.B.He was asked to present a gold medal to Miu Goto.C.He bit a softball player’s Olympic gold medal.D.He attracted public attention at a media event.6.A.Have another picture taken with the Olympic medalist.B.Apologize to the International Olympic Committee.第１页，共１１页C.Get the damaged medal repaired.D.Pay for the cost of a new medal.7.A.Allow no one to touch them.B.See them as symbols of honor.C.Treat them as treasures.D.Keep them in a safe place.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A.She covered its screen with a plastic sheet.B.She connected it with her smart phone.C.She decorated it with colorful stickers.D.She bought some new software for it.9.A.It may not be simply blue.B.It includes unnatural light.C.It is more harmful to young people.D.It induces people to fall asleep.10.A.He has had much trouble falling asleep.B.He has had some sort of health problems.C.He has stayed up playing computer games.D.He has been burdened with excessive work.11.A.Exposure to blue light is the chief cause of obesity.B.Sleep may be more important than people assumed.C.Sleep may also be negatively affected by natural light.D.Overuse of electronic devices may cause heart disease. Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.What they wanted to be when grown up.B.What their favorite cartoon character was.C.What they learned from computer games.D.What they liked to do most after school.13.A.A stock broker.B.A pop singer.C.A mechanical engineer.D.A basketball player.14.A.Ambitious. B.Sensible. C.Imaginative. D.Practical.15.A.Relax their strict control of their kids.B.Help their kids understand themselves.C.Impose their own dreams on their kids.D.Dismiss their high expectations of their kids.第２页，共１１页Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.Set up company branches.B.Improve its infrastructure.C.Introduce iPhones into its markets.D.Promote Internet-ready phones.17.A.They cater to Africans’needs.B.They are more expensive models.C.They are more powerful and capable.D.They boast the longest battery life.18.A.A large touchscreen.B.An old-school keypad.C.A voice-response device.D.A digitally-designed system.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.It ensured sustainable economic growth.B.It was strongly opposed by manufacturers.C.It was cheaper than using fossil fuel plastic.D.It satisfied consumer demands on the whole.20.A.The capacity to mass produce it.B.The US federal government’s regulations.C.A boom in market demand for clear plastic bottles.D.A rapid increase in US petroleum chemical production.21.A.Require companies to use30%of new plastic.B.Increase the supply of new plastic in the market.C.Reduce the amount of plastic pollution in local areas.D.Take measures to promote the use of recycled plastic. Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.It studies dreams.B.It rents a place for nap-takers.C.It is a hotel for business people.D.It is a nap research institute.23.A.To find out creative people’s work performance.B.To see how many people can go without napping.C.To understand the obvious importance of napping.D.To feel how difficult it is to get his idea across.24.A.They decline due to pointless meetings.B.They depend on his ability to concentrate.C.They enable him to enjoy a creative career.D.They are affected by the overuse of social media.第３页，共１１页25.A.Some bosses associate napping with laziness.B.Many office workers nap during work hours.C.Some bosses can concentrate without napping.D.Many of his friends daydream in the office.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Whether you’re just having a down day or a down period,taking a walk can instantly lift your mood,especially when you go outdoors.Not only can walking make you less depressed,but according to a new study,depression sufferers who took a26 walk showed just as much improvement in their27 as people taking medicine.In fact,60-70percent of the participants in the study could no longer even be28 as depressed.Bone density may not be one of the most exciting health benefits of walking,but it’s an important one.People with stronger bones avoid osteoporosis(骨质疏松症)and all the problems that29 with it,like breaks and other disabilities.And the best way to get strong,healthy bones is by doing weight-bearing exercises like running,dancing and walking,according to a large study.But as regards bones,it’s30 use it or lose it:To keep your bones strong you have to keep exercising.The researchers found that adults who walked regularly had better bone density throughout their lives than their31 friends.Taking a walk can be great for32 your head or blowing off some steam.It also provides a great opportunity to33 with friends and family,far away from electronics and other34 at home.Even better,you set a powerful example because when they see you35 the benefits of walking,they’ll be encouraged to walk more,too.第４页，共１１页Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.A Club Where Lions Dance and Traditions Take RootA.The first thing you notice in the staircase to the fourth-floor studio on Canal Street inManhattan,New York,is the measured thumping(嘭嘭声)coming from behind a metal door.Just beyond the entrance,large lion masks were twisting and turning to the drum-beat.On a recent Friday evening,the teenagers made their way across the studio floor as they practiced Chinese lion dancing.B.“You want to play in a circle”Victor Fong,aged24,told his students at the New York ChineseFreemasons Athletic Club.“Take it slow and do it again.”The dance group,made up of60 members,performs throughout the year but was now preparing for its biggest events Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations,which will begin on Saturday and conclude on February15.Teenagers comprise about half of the group,many of whom began lion dancing at the age of14.About100current and past members of the dance group—which has been performingsince1956—will be among the220groups marching through Chinatown in Manhattan for the 18th Lunar New Year Parade on February5.C.Mr.Fong has been involved in the organization since he was15and began teaching liondancing three years ago.But the club also acts as a recreation center and safe haven(庇护所) for teenagers,with video games readily available.As many as20students show up after school.“The basic requirement for hanging out here is you have to learn how to lion dance,”Mr.Fong said.While that is not a formal requirement for being a member,everyone finds a way to participate in the Lunar New Year Parade,whether it’s by dancing,carrying a flag or beating a drum.D.Alvin Chau,aged26,is an environmental consultant by day and a lion dancer on weekends.He has been a club member for10years and joined because of an interest in lion dance.“We’re a big family,”he said,shaking hands with other members as they walked through the door.“You know everyone.”E.It is believed that the lion dance began in the third century.Stories vary about how liondancing came to be,but most of them include a monster named Nian who would terrorize a village.The villagers finally banded together and scared the beast away with firecrackers(爆竹) and drums.While lions are not native to China,some versions of the story include the villagers creating a monster of their own in the shape of a lion to fight off the beast.F.Today,the dancers travel across Chinatown going from business to business to bring good luckfor the coming year.The new year—according to the Chinese lunar calendar—will begin on Saturday and marks the Year of the Rooster(鸡年),which is thought to be a symbol of positivity.“It’s almost like the dark night is ending and the sun is coming up,”said Ya Yung第５页，共１１页。

2003年6月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversation. At the end of each conversation. a question wilt be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At thee office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From tile conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) Give Bob a phone call.B) Go and pick Bob up.C) Go look for Bob.D) Wait for Bob.2.A) She is working in the city.B) Life in the suburbs is lonely.C) Jobs are easier to find in the city.D) It's less expensive l/ring in the city.3.A) In a printing shop.B) At a publishing house.C) At a bookstore.D) In a library.4.A) The woman be more careful next time.B) They try to think of a solution.C) The woman find a spare key.D) They come downstairs.5.A) Sending an e-mail.B) Working in an office.C) Talking on the phone.D) Doing spelling practice.6.A) Buy something for the picnic.B) Go for a ride around town.C) Go shopping with the man.D) Have a picnic.7.A) The woman misplaced her class permit for biology.B)The woman arrived for registration too early.C) The woman missed registration for the biology course.D) The woman got a wrong class permit.8.A) The woman likes the weather in New York very much.B) The woman will stay in New York a long time.C) The man is planning to visit New York.D) It's quite cold in New York now.9.A) The old lady sitting next to the couple likes toys very much.B) An old lady took the couple’s suitcase for her own.C) The couple's suitcase was stolen in the restaurant.D) The man forgot to put the toys in their suitcase.10.A) She's flying to Hong Kong.B) She's going to buy an air ticket.C) She's going to say good-bye to Bill.D) She's leaving for Hoog Kong with Bill.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage. you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A)They him only retired workers.B) They each do jobs they are good at.C) They close the hotel during low seasons.D) They employ as few workers as possible.12.A) Staff training.B) Book-keeping.C) Cleaning and washing up.D) Gardening and flower arranging.13.A) They have their hotel beautifully decorated.B) They provide delicious food.C) They make their guests feel at home.D) They give parties regularly for their visitors.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) To withdraw his deposit.B) To cash a cheek.C) To rob the bank.D) To get his prize.A) A radio announcerB) A bank employee.C) A car mechanic.D) A movie actor.16.A) They let him do what he wanted to.B) They helped him find large bills.C) They pressed the alarm.D) They called the police.17.A) He was afraid that be would be caught on the spot.B) Large bills were not within his reach.C) The maximum sum allowed was 55,000.D) He was limited by time and the size of his pockets.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A) A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.B) A professional diver.C) A telephone operator.D) A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.19.A) Someone ham fallen off the bridge.B) Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C) Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D) Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.A) Call the mother to come fight away.B)Try to communicate with them first.C) Help them to get out of their misty.D) Remind them that they have children to take care of.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single ling through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A rectal study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver, Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone, By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The autboes also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue.” Be says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使……缓解)the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensingsystems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a leenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passcager restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced leenage driver crashes, according to recent studies, About half of the states now have some sort of graduated Hcensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice(新手)driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.21. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.22. According to Robert Foss. The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to ________ .A) their frequent driving at nigntB) their improper way of drivingC) their lack of driving experienceD) their driving with passengers23. According to Paragraph 3. which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D) The licensing authonties are partly responsible for teenagers' driving accidents.24. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents is that ________ .A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB) they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D) the licensing system should be improved25. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system ________. A) is under discussionB) is about to be set upC) has been put into effectD) has been perfectedPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.That's especially true of booing fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary injtially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate(公司的) faith inspecialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out gencralists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,”says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adapeability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody wi th an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheet z.26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A) Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.D) People with special training in engineering27. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line 3, Para, 3), the author means ________.A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years' time as they are nowD) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got28. According to Scheetz's statement (Lines 4-5. Para. 4), companies prefer ________.A) people who have a strategic mindB) people who are talented in fine artsC) people who are ambitious and aggressiveD) people who have received training in mechanics29. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.A) they are more capable of handling changing situationsB) they can stick to established ways of solving problemsC) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD) they have attended special programs in management30. Which of the following statements does the author support?A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: "So, how have you been?" And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old —replied. "Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately.'' This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dressmore like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social rote to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years. however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.31. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childB) something hardly to be expected in a young childC) an inevitable has of children's mental developmentD) a mental scale present in all humans, including children32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.A) through contact with societyB) gradually and under guidanceC) naturally and by biological instinctD)through exposure to social information33. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adultiike is attributed by the author to ________.A) the widespread influence of televisionB) the poor arrangement of teaching contentC) the fast pace of human intellectual developmentD) the constantly rising standard of living34. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?A) It enables children to gain more social information.B) It develops children's interest in reading and writ ing.C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.D) It can control what children are to learn.35. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.C) He considers it a positive development.D) He seems to be upset about it.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage."Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, '' and ''Eve ryone’s entitled to his opinion, '' are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another's opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you mayask a friend ''What do you think of the new Ford cars?" And he may reply, "In my opinion, they're ugly." In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it's obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ''It's pointless to argue about matters of taste."But consider this very different use of the term, A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.36. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?A) Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.B) Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.C) Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.D) Casual use of the word "opinion" often brings about quarrels.37. According to the author, who of the following would be labored as intolerant?A) Someone who turns a deaf ear to others' opinions.B) Someone who can't put up with others' tastes.C) Someone who values only their own opinions.D) Someone whose opinion harm. other people.38. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.A) it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB) one should not always agree to others' opinionsC) personal tastes are not something to be challengedD) it is unwise to express one's likes and dislikes in public39. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that________.A) it is stated by judges in the courtB) it reflects public like and dislikesC) it is a result of a lot of controversyD) it is based on careful thought40. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one's opinion ________.A) means that one can ignore other people's criticismB) means that one can impose his pre6ereaccs on othersC) doesn't mean that one has the right to do things at willD) doesn't mean that one has the right to charge others without evidencePart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. The beam that is ________by a laser differs in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.A) emittedB) transportedC) motivatedD) translated42. We booked rooms at the hotel ________we should find no vacancies on our arrival.A) wheneverB) ifC) sinceD) lest43. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to________the isolation of life in Alaska.A) break throughB) break downC) break intoD) break out44. We know through painful experience that freedom is never by the oppressor; it must be ________by the oppressed.A) demandedB) commandedC) requiredD) requested45. Color and sex are not relevant ________whether a person is suitable for the job.A) onB) forC) toD) with46. ________the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.A)Thanks toB) By means ofC) In line withD) With regard to47. Kesearch universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware ________price.A) On account ofB) regardless ofC) in addition toD) not to mention48. Three university departments have been ________ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A) promotedB) includedC) securedD) awarded49. The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the ________in which people communicate across time and space.A) moodB) missionC) mannerD) vision50. Mr.Jones holds strong views against video games and ________the clsing of all recreation facilities for such games.A) assistsB) acknowledgesC) advocatesD) admits51. Workers in the fine arts ________thoughts and feelings through their creative works.A) transmitB) elaborateC) conveyD) contribute52. Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as ________all other animals on earth.A) areB) doC) isD) have53. The policeman declared that the blow on the victim's head ________from behind.A) should have been madeB) must have been madeC) would have been madeD) ought to have been made54. Finding a job can be ________and disappointing, and therefore it is important that you are prepared.A) exploitingB) frustratingC) profitingD) misleading55. It British government often says that furnishing children with ________ to the information superhighway is a top priority.A) procedureB）protectionC) allowanceD)access56. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawall, has ________a series of new experiments in which some animals have learned to understand sentences.A) installedB) equippedC) devisedD) formatted57. Researchers at the University of Illanois determined that the ________of a father can help improve a child’s grades.A) involvementB) intetactionC) associationD) communcation58.We can accept your order ________payment is made in advance.A)in the belief thatB) in order thatC) on the excuse thatD) on condition that59.Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually________paper money for almost every purchase.A) exchangeB) reduceC)replaceD)trade60.Any donation you can give will help us ________the suffering and isolation of the homeless this New Year.A) liftB) patchC) comfortD) ease61. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, ________ which only fourteen are recognized as official.A) ofB) inC) withD) within62. Techniques for ________sleep would involve learning to control both mind and body so that sleep can occur.A) cultivatingB) promotingC) pushingD) strengthening63. It is important to ________between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.A) determineB) identifyC)exploreD)distinguish64. It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to________their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.A)adaptB)stickC) yieldD)adopt65. This research has attracted wide coverage in the ________and has featured on BBC televis ion’s Tomorrow’s World.A) dataB)sourceC)messageD)media66.I had just posted the letter when I remembered that hadn’t ________the cheque.A) imposedB) involvedC)enclosedD)contained67.She had a tense expression on her face, ________she were expecting trouble.A) even thoughB) as thoughC)even asD) now that68.They were ________admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners.A) deniedB) declinedC)deprivedD) rejected69.It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in ________.A) prospectB) printC) processD) press70. Residents were cutting their lawns, washing their cars and otherwise________a pleasant, sunny day.A) idling awayB) taking awayC) chasing awayD) driving awayPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sente. Fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sente. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page.Sports is one of the world’s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by economic background or family connections—sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes play only for money than for love.This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of olive leaves (橄榄叶花环). Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly lessamateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.In 1896, the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起)with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholars or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race, After race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, “Nobody pays any attention to these rules.” Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything from ski equipment to fast food.Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but for money. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal symbols, TV rights, food, drink ,hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately, the symbol of victory in the Olympic games is no longer a simple olive wreath—it is a gold medal.S1. To many people, sports today is nothing but S1______ .S2. What do most athletes of today go after? S2.________ .S3. What reward could an ancient Greek athlete expect? S3_______ .S4. By the fourth century A.D., Olympic contests became increasingly moreS4_________thus ruining the Olympics.S5.When the Olympic games were revived in 1896, athletes who had received special training in camps would be S5_____ .S6. What did Spiridon Loues do after he accepted the Athenian’s gift?S6________ .。

听力原文PART ⅡDICTATIONSalmonEvery year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Now, you have two minutes to check through your work.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn sections A, B and C, you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section, you will hear seven statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.1. You must relax. Don’t work too hard. And do watch your drinking and smoking.2.We hadn’t quite expected the committee to agree to rebuild the hospital, so we were taken aback when we got to know that it had finally agreed.3.The coac h leaves the station every 20 minutes. It’s 9:15 now, and you have to wait for five minutes for the next one.4.Perhaps Jane shouldn’t have got married in the first place. No one knows what she might have been doing now, but not washing up. That’s for s ure!5.I happen to be working on a similar project at the moment. I am only too pleased to help you.6.The man arrived for the ceremony with patched jackets and faded jeans that the average person would save for mowing the lawn in his garden at the weekend.7.Mark! Here you are! This is the last place in the world I would have expected to find you.SECTION B CONVERSA TIONIn this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.8. W: I couldn’t stand this morning. My right leg went stiff.M: I’m afraid it’s probably a side-effect from the drugs I put you on.9. W: How did your writing go this morning? Is the book coming along alright?M: I’m not sure. I think the rest of it will be difficult to write.10. W: Is there anything you can do to make the cold go away more quickly?M: No, there isn’t. And a cold isn’t really serious enough for a visit to a doctor.11. W:Look! What have I got here!M: Oh. So you did go to that bookstore!12. M: Excuse me. Has there been an emergency?W: Oh, no sir. There’s just a storm, so the plane will leave a little later this afternoon.13. W: I wish I hadn’t hurt Linda’s feeling like that yesterday. You know I never meant to.M: The great thing about Linda is that she doesn’t hold any grudges. By tomorrow she’ll have forgotten all about it.14. M: My grades are not bad, but not good enough. I know I didn’t study at all this semester. Now I have to work very hard next semester to keep my scholarship.W:I’ll see you in the library, then.15. W: I’ll wear this blue jacket for the evening. I like the color on me, don’t you think?M:I think it looks terrific on you-really!16. W: Do you know that Sam turned down that job offer by a travel agency?M: Yeah. The hours were convenient, but had he accepted it, he wouldn’t have been able to make ends meet.17. W: At the rate it is being used, the printer is not going to make it through the rest of the year.M: The year? It is supposed to be good for four!SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 18 and 19 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The U.N resolution calls for greater international intelligence and law enforcement cooperation. And it requires states to change their banking laws in order to police the global network of terrorisms financiers. It makes providing funds for terror activities a criminal offence and would freeze bank accounts of those who sponsor terrorism.Questions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.A police spokesman said the devices were made safe by explosive experts in the Ardorn district, where a woman was shot in the leg and 13 police officers were injured during a second successive night of violence. Northern Ireland’s police chief had earlier called on community leaders to work together to end the violence. The violence has erupted sporadically throughout a summer of Sectarian tension in northern Belfast.Question 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Airlines are being hit with huge increases to ensure their planes after the terrorist attacks in the United States. Goshork Insurance Holdings, which ensures aircraft around the world, said rates had soared as much as 10 fold since the September 11th terror attacks. Airlines around the world have cut services and dismissed staff as their business has plunged in the wake of the crisis. They are also struggling with increased security costs.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.A Pakistani lawyer said the resumption of the trial of eight foreign aid workers accused of preaching Christianity in Afghanistan has been put off until Sunday. He had met earlier Saturday with the aid workers, 2 Americans, 2 Australians, and 4 Germans. They insist they were in Afghanistan to help the poor, not to convert them. The penalty for these captured aid workers could range from expulsion to a jail term and death sentence.Question 25 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.On the 20th anniversary of the first official report on AIDS, the head of the United Nations AIDS program warns that the deadly disease may only be at its early stages in many parts of the world. Dr. Piu said the disease has already reached staggering proportions since first being identified in 1981. 58 million people worldwide have contracted the HIV virus, which causes AIDS, while 22 million have died from related illnesses. The UN estimates the world’s HIV positive population at 36 million, including 25 million in sub-Saharan Africa.International officials warn the disease will have disastrous political, social, and economic consequences in many developing countries.This is the end of listening comprehension.答案与详解PART ⅠWRITINGSECTION A COMPOSITIONTHE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING A GOOD MOOD People in modern society live under a lot of pressure. I see three kinds of pressure working on people today: pressure from education, family and career. It is easy to blame the school for charging too much money, the family members for the heavy burden, the society for the fierce competition. I think people should relax. It is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Long gone are the days when people lived their life with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of activities—film, music, art, poetry. But now, a lot of people suffer from a lot of pressure. They can’t communicate well with co-workers and family members, and have unbalanced, one-dimensional lives. Some people complain of symptoms of stress, for instance, loss of appetite, a complete sense of exhaustion, insomnia and low morale. Thus have destructive effect on their health. People tend to lose temper easily, and this may interfere personal relationship. What’s more, a high rate of suicide may warn people of their emotional well-being.To be a healthy person physically and psychologically, one should keep a good mood, according to some psychology experts. Those little things may seem relatively insignificant—reading mystery novels, playing volleyball, spending time with family and friends, maintaining your emotional well-being, getting plenty of rest, going fishing. They can help you keep a good mood.SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGOct. 18, 2003Dear Clare,Thank you for inviting me to your house-warming party this weekend. But I’m afraid I couldn’t go there, because I have an important business appointment on that day. I saw some pictures of your new house, which is so cozy and comfortable. I sincerely hope that you have a good day.Yours,Gou MingPART III LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1．答案：D【问句译文】关于听者哪一句是不对的？【试题分析】本题为细节题。

2003年英语专业四级试题及答案2003年英语专业四级试题及答案2003年英语专业四级试题及答案SalmonEveryyear,millioofsalmonswimfromtheoceanintothemouthsofrivers andthensteadilyuptherivers.Paingthroughwaters,aroundrocksandw aterfalls,thefishfinallyreachtheiroriginalstreamsorlakes.They digoutnestsintheriverbedandlaytheireggs.Then,exhaustedbytheir journey,theparentsalmondie.Theyhavefinishedthetaskthatnatureh asgiventhem.Months,oryearslater,theyoungfishstarttheirtriptot heocean.Theyliveinthesaltwaterfrom2-7years,untilthey,tooarereadytoswimbacktoreproduce.Theirlifecy clehelmanprovidehimselfwithabasicfood-fish.Whentheadultsalmongatherattherivermouthsfortheaualtripup therivers,theyareinthebestpoiblecondition,andnearlyeveryharboNow,youhavetwominutestocheInsectioA,BandC,youwillheareverythingonceonly.Listencarefully andthenawerthequestiothatfollow.MarkthecorrectawertoeachquestInthissection,youwillhearsevenstatements.Attheendofeachstatem1.Youmustrelax.Don'tworktoohard.Anddowatchyourdrinkingand2.Wehadn'tquiteexpectedthecommitteetoagreetorebuildthehoi tal,soweweretakenabackwhenwegottoknowthatithadfinallyagreed.3.Thecoachleavesthestationevery20minutes.It's9:15now,andy4.PerhaJaneshouldn'thavegotmarriedinthefirstplace.Noonekn owswhatshemighthavebeendoingnow,butnotwashingup.That'sforsure!5.Ihaentobeworkingonasimilarprojectatthemoment.Iamonlytooplea6.Themanarrivedfortheceremonywithpatchedjacketsandfadedjeatha ttheaveragepersonwouldsaveformowingthelawninhisgardenatthewee7.Mark!Hereyouare!ThisisthelastplaceintheworldIwouldhaveexpecInthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversatiobetweentwoeakers.At theendofeachconversation,youwillbegiven10secondstoawertheques附送：2003年财政厅长述职报告2003年财政厅长述职报告2003年财政厅长述职报告主任、副主任、秘书长、各位委员：我于２００３年５月被省人大常委会任命为省财政厅厅长，至今已有两年多的时间。

2003年6月四级听力全真试题详解
张成纲
【期刊名称】《英语通：大学英语四级考试版》
【年(卷),期】2003(000)012
【总页数】5页(P37-41)
【作者】张成纲
【作者单位】江苏常熟理工学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H310.42
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2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:Suppose the student union of your university is organizing an online discussion on interpersonal relationships.You are to write an essay on ways to maintain a warm and friendly relationship with your classmates and on the benefits of such a relationship.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A.A man was taken to a hospital.B.A man was bitten by a snake.C.A man fell off his toilet seat.D.A man kept a4-foot snake as a pet.2. A.Who owned the snake.B.How the snake was captured.C.Whether the snake was infected.D.Where the snake had been taken.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A.Posting her daughter’s photos on social media.B.Sharing her photos with famous movie stars.C.Amusing herself by going to ball parties.D.Taking her trash out in fancy dresses.4. A.To record her achievements.B.To please her daughter.C.To amuse people.D.To make herself popular.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A.Get a free meal after answering some questions.B.Have a meal even if they have no money.C.Have a chance of winning a$100prize.D.Eat as much as they want for$10.6. A.It was brought up by two staffers.B.It was suggested by some of her customers.C.It originated from a donation to her staff.D.It helped to popularize her restaurant.7. A.Fifty customers have offered donations.B.Most staffers have received messages of kindness.C.Many people have come to eat at the restaurant.D.More people have been giving than taking.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A.He is a famous writer.B.He is a psychologist.C.He is a host for a TV program.D.He is a primary school teacher.9. A.Why friends break off contact all of a sudden.B.Why people fail to respond to emails promptly.C.Why parents raise their children in different ways.D.Why social media accounts vanish without a trace.10.A.They attempt to ignore the whole situation.B.They scream to get their parents back.C.They avoid showing their emotions.D.They simply shut themselves down.11.A.They try to express their feelings and thoughts effectively.B.They are on better terms with friends and romantic partners.C.They may regard any difference as the end of a relationship.D.They attach more value to their relationships with others.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.Their quality. B.Their design. C.Their price. D.Their color.13.A.Jeans are available in a greater variety in America.B.America has the best weaving tools in the world.C.America makes the best-known brands of jeans.D.Jeans are a typical American garment.14.A.They are artificial.B.They are unique.C.They are natural.D.They are special.15.A.They are worth the price.B.They are much too pricey.C.They are popular with boys.D.They are for casual wearing.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.He wants to see it again.B.He desires more in life.C.He longs to become a superstar himself.D.He feels as inspired as other audience members.17.A.It is extremely artistic.B.It is rather unrealistic.C.It is somewhat complicated.D.It is relatively predictable.18.A.They are too simple.B.They are full of shootings.C.They are basically misleading.D.They are biased against women.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.It is an intuitive way to solidify friendship.B.It is a means to inspire creative thinking.C.It can help connect people.D.It can highlight leadership.20.A.Make them more open to learning.B.Allow them to recite data points.C.Enable them to remember the main idea.D.Stimulate them to engage in discussions.21.A.Enrich their own experience.B.Inspire listeners’imagination.C.Explain insightful ideas.D.Convey fundamental values.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.The number of immigrants to the U.S.is declining.B.Another wave of immigrants is hitting the U.S.C.Immigrants have been contributing to the U.S.D.Immigrants outnumber U.S.-born Americans.23.A.They have founded most Fortune500companies.B.They have fewer chances to be hired by panies.C.More of them expect their children to succeed in business.D.More of them are successful business people.24.A.Thirty-four percent of them use credit for their daily purchases.B.Their level of debt is lower than that of native-born Americans.C.Nineteen percent of them borrow money from friends and family.D.They have higher installment loan debt than native-born Americans.25.A.Collaborate with native-born Americans.B.Borrow money from financial institutions.C.Keep their traditional values and old habits.D.Find employment in competitive businesses.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.You probably haven’t taken the time to think of all the work that went into creating the shirt on your back.I mean,how hard it could be to create fabric and26 it into a shirt shape.Don’t machines do all that?Well,creating fabric from cotton,which is the most27 clothing material,is actually a process that involves a lot of water,2,700liters per shirt to be28 .Take a look at the video below from National Geographic for some more mind-blowing29 about cotton clothing production.Clean water is30 becoming one of the most sought-after resources in the world.Given how large the31 and cotton industries are,they take up a lot of our fresh water demands across the world, according to The Huffington Post.The video from National Geographic was created to spread32 of how environmentally harmful cotton is.But the situation can be made better.Through better water management and farming practices,water usage in cotton production can be cut down by33 40 percent.Called“Better Cotton”,this environmentally conscious product will save millions of liters of water a year simply from34 the demands of cotton production.Cotton doesn’t have to go,since it is,after all,one of the most useful cash crops across the globe.However,as water supplies35 ,farmers and consumers need to be more conscious of the effect that these products have on the environment as a whole.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The Spoken WebA.We’re growing more used to chatting to our computers,phones and smart speakers through voiceassistants like Amazon’s Alexa,Apple’s Siri and Microsoft’s Cortana.Blind and partially sighted people have been using text-to-speech converters for decades.B.Out of these assistants,Siri is the most well-known.The assistant uses voice inquiries and a natural-language user interface(界面)to answer questions.The software adapts to users’individual language usages,searches,and preferences,with continuing use.C.Some think voice could soon take over from typing and clicking as the main way to interact online.But what are the challenges of moving to“the spoken web”?D.What use is written online content if you can’t read?That is the situation facing illiterate(不识字)African farmers.They are often denied crucial information the web offers many others.With a literacy rate in some parts of Africa at only22.6%,farmers are often“underpaid for their produce because they might be unaware of the prevailing prices,”says Francis Dittoh,a researcher behind Mr Meteo,a speech-based weather information service.E.“The most frequently heard complaint is about rainfall predictions,”says Mr Dittoh,who lives inTamale,northern Ghana.“They tell us the methods their forefathers used to predict the weather don’t seem to work as well these days.”This is down to climate change,he believes.Yet knowing when it’s going to rain is vital for farmers wanting to sow seeds,irrigate crops or take their animals out to the fields to feed on grass.F.Mr Dittoh says the idea of converting online weather reports into speech came from the farmersthemselves,after a workshop in the village of Guabuligah.“They came up with this,”he says.Mr Meteo takes the online weather forecast,converts it to a short recording in the appropriate language and makes it available on a basic phone.Farmers ring up to receive the information.The local language Dagbani is spoken by1.2million people but is not served by any online translation applications.The service was designed to be cheap and easy to run,says Mr Ditto.He plans to begin field tests this month,working with Tamale’s Savanna Agricultural Research Institute.G.The spoken web could also help the one-in-five adults in Europe and the US with poor reading skills.But building the spoken web—web-to-voice and voice-to-web—isn’t straightforward.For software to understand pizza is served at Italian restaurants is easy.To cover multiple domains and to be able to have a conversation with users on every single topic is still a long way off.H.So although many computer assistants can answer simple questions about the weather and play musicfor us,anything resembling a wide-ranging human conversation is decades away.Artificial intelligence just isn’t smart enough yet.Even turning your voice into text—automatic speech recognition—is one of the hardest problems to solve,as there are as many ways to pronounce things as there are people on the planet.I.Siri has often been praised for its ability to interpret our casual language and deliver very specific andaccurate result,sometimes even providing additional information.But it is still somewhat restricted, particularly when the language moved away from stiffer commands into more human interactions.In one example,the phrase“Send a text to Jason,Clint,Sam,and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant”was interpreted as sending a message to Jason only,containing the text“Clint Sam and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant”.It has also been noted that Siri lacks a proper editing function,as saying“Edit message to say:we’re at Silver Cloud restaurant and you should come find us”generates“Clint Sam and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant to say we’re at Silver Cloud restaurant and you should come find us”.ing voice interaction feels far more intimate than surfing the net the old-fashioned way.This is intentional as the informal tone of the assistant helps create an emotional attachment.But if something。

2002年6月四级试题Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress — it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many —like the death of a loved one —are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.21. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us __________.A) the way you handle major events may cause stressB) what should be done to avoid stressC) what kind of event would cause stressD) how to cope with sudden changes in life22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to _________.A) widespread concern over its harmful effectsB) great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC) an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD) popular avoidance of stressful jobs23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.A) how much pressure you are underB) how positive events can change your lifeC) how stressful a major event can beD) how you can deal with life-changing events24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?A) No one can stay on the same job for long.B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.C) People have to get married someday.D) Y ou could be missing opportunities as well.25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become________.A) nervous when faced with difficultiesB) physically and mentally strainedC) more capable of coping with adversityD) indifferent toward what happens to themPassage T woQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room —are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “Y ou’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay att ention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Y our memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system th e information it needed.”Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who c an recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table —don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most l ikely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.26. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?A) It helps us understand our memory system better.B) It enables us to recall something form our memory.C) It expands our memory capacity considerably.D) it slows down the process of losing our memory.27. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.A) they have a wider range of interestsB) they are more reliant on the environmentC) they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD) they are more interested in what’s happening around them28. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because _________.A) it will easily get lostB) it’s not clear enough for you to readC) it’s out of your sightD) it might get mixed up with other things29. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.B) Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.C) Repetition helps improve our memory.D) If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we we re.30. What is the passage mainly about?A) The process of gradual memory loss.B) The causes of absent-mindedness.C) The impact of the environment on memory.D) A way if encoding and recalling.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s f ormerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies.Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second —slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noise s from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.31. The passage is chiefly about ________.A) an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB) the civilian use of a military detection systemC) the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD) a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales32. The underwater listening system was originally designed ________.A) to trace and locate enemy vesselsB) to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC) to study the movement of ocean currentsD) to replace the global radio communications network33. The deep-sea listening system makes use of ________.A) the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB) the capability of sound to travel at high speedC) the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD) low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water34. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A) new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB) blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC) opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use militarytechnologyD) military technology has great potential in civilian use35. Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?A) It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B) It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C) It became useless to the military after the cold war.D) It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially form the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.36. The word “spas” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to _________.A) sports activitiesB) places for physical exerciseC) recreation centersD) athletic training programs37. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for __________.A) the promotion of aerobic exerciseB) endurance and muscular developmentC) the improvement of women’s figuresD) better performance in aerobic dancing38. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?A) Positive.B) Indifferent.C) Negative.D) Cautious.39. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out ________.A) how ell they could do in athleticsB) what their health condition was likeC) what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD) whether they were fit for aerobic exercise40. Recent studies have suggested that weight training __________.A) has become an essential part of people’s lifeB) may well affect the health of the traineesC) will attract more people in the days to comeD) contributes to health improvement as wellPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. Y ou would be ______ a risk to let your child go to school by himself.A) omitting B) attaching C) affording D) running42. He is always here; it’s ______ you’ve never met him.A) unique B) strange C) rare D) peculiar43. There has been a great increase in retail sales, ______?A) does there B) isn’t there C) hasn’t there D) isn’t it44. We’d like to ______ a table for five for dinner this evening.A) preserve B) retain C) reserve D) sustain45 Although a teenager, Fred could resist ______ what to do and what not to do.A) being told B) telling C) to be told D) to tell46. The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have ______ supplies ofpetroleum.A) proficient B) efficient C) potential D) sufficient47. In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco than ______ in New Y ork.A) to stay B) stayed C) staying D) having stayed48. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerableA) ability B) future C) possibility D) opportunity49. Britain ahs the highest __ of road traffic in the world -- over 60 cars for every mile of road.A) popularity B) density C) intensity D) prosperity50. How is it ______ your roommate’s request and yours are identical?A) if B) so C) what D) that51. In my opinion, he’s ______ the most imaginative of all the contemporary poets.A) in all B) at best C) for all D) by far52. He didn’t have time to read the report word for word: he just ______ it.A) skimmed B) observed C) overlooked D) glanced53. The leader of the expedition ______ everyone to follow his example.A) promoted B) reinforced C) sparked D) inspired54. What a lovely party! It’s worth ______ all my life.A) remembering B) to rememberC) to be remembered D) being remembered55. Who would you rather ______ with you, George or me?A) going B) to go C) have gone D) went56. The ______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching,particularly between researchers and teachers.A) intensive B) concise C) joint D) overall57. The owner and editor of the newspaper ______ the conference.A) were attending B) were to attend C) is to attend D) are to attend58. We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in staying.A) were B) being C) to be D) having59. Their products are frequently overpriced and ______ in quality.A) influential B) inferior C) superior D) subordinate60. The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that ______ lot.A) valid B) vacant C) vain D) vague61. These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.A) all that B) all what C) all which D) that all62. To our ______, Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had f eared.A) anxiety B) relief C) view D) judgment63. Many people like white color as it is a ______ of purity.A) symbol B) sign C) signal D) symptom64. The residents, ______ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross.A) all of their homes B) all their homesC) whose all homes D) all of whose homes65. This research has attracted wide ______ coverage and has featured on BBC television’sTomorrow’s World.A) message B) information C) media D) data66. I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.A) sought for B) accounted for C) turned up D) resorted to67. Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner ______ at the very moment of the crash.A) should have died B) must be dying C) must have died D) ought to die68. The energy ______ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A) transferred B) released C) delivered D) conveyed69. ______ their work will give us a much better feel for the wide differences between the twoschools of thought.A) To have reviewed B) Having reviewed C) Reviewing D) Being reviewed70. During the process, great care has to be taken to protect the ______ silk from damage.A) sensitive B) tender C) delicate D) sensiblePart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage -with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence — the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity — are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language- related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power, it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence. Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually — and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four-and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.Questions: (注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。