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2011年高考语文模拟试题（一）本试卷共4页，24小题，满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
一、本大题4分，每小题3分，共12分。
1、下列词语中加点字的读音，全不相同的一组是（）（3分）A．煎．熬翩跹．信笺．草菅．人命B．渎．职赎．罪案牍．穷兵黩．武C．狙．击诅．咒趔趄．人为刀俎．D．遏．制揭．发歇．息竭．尽全力2、下列各句中加点的熟语，使用恰当的一句是（）（3分）A．美国电影大片《功夫熊猫》在中国播出，它采用现代科技并融合了中国元素，在社会上引起很大的反响，人们对之评头论足．．．．，大加赞赏。
B．姚明因为左脚压迫性骨裂，被迫退出本届奥运会比赛。
这个消息对热爱姚明的球迷来说无异于平地一声雷．．．．．。
C．第29届北京奥运会主会场“鸟巢”和国家游泳中心“水立方”，不仅规模宏大，而且在设计、建造上融入了科技、人文、绿色奥运理念，比起以往奥运场馆的确卓尔不群．．．．，更加璀璨夺目。
D．晚会上，演员们个个粉墨登场．．．．，把自己的绝活都展现了出来，赢得了台下观众的阵阵掌声。
3、下列各句中没有语病的一句是（）（3分）A．对于实施素质能不能提高教学质量，又减轻学生负担的问题，我们的回答是肯定的。
B．看完那部电视剧后，除了荧屏上活跃着的那些人物给我留下的印象之外，我仿佛还感到一个没有出场的人物，那就是作者自己。
C．文学事业是一种精神劳动，对于从事这种精神劳动并卓有成效者，政府应给予奖励。
D．七彩瀑布群，位于香格里拉县尼汝村的一个群山深处，一条名为“尼汝河”的高原融雪河流和陡峭的山峰造就了这一旷世奇观。
4、下列各段括号内的句子，与上文衔接最恰当的一组是（）（3分）最简朴者最富有，无色却如图画一般灿烂，无声却如交响乐一般和谐。
我们的周总理是（①芳泽满人间的伟大公民，又是最简朴无华的普通公民②最简朴无华的普通公民，又是芳泽满人间的伟大公民）。
回首人生，老年人是一部历史；把握今朝，老年人是一面旗帜；憧憬未来，老年人是一道风景。
2011年高考语文模拟试题（全国课标卷）参考答案一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）1.C2.B3.D二、古代诗文阅读（36分）（一）文言文阅读（19分）4.D5.C6.C7.（1）得到一个城就使百姓肝脑涂地，怎么能够成就大事？（2）太平是我的股肱一样的要郡，那里民众多次受困于兵灾，应当使他们安得其所。
（二）古代诗歌阅读（11分）8．诗人登台远望，白天、黄河、沙浪、风声等景物，构成了一幅有色彩、有动态、有音响的立体塞外风光画。
因为是登台观景，所以诗人写景的视觉都是俯视所见，更显出边塞景象的恢弘壮丽。
9．晚唐时期，由于时代无可奈何地衰落，诗歌多带有“颓唐之音”，但这首诗描写塞外风光，笔力雄壮，气象浑厚，气势雄奇，景象壮丽，境界开阔，语句质朴，因而很有些“盛唐气象”。
尾联写诗人北望天然屏障阴山，很想到阴山那边去看看，但关门紧闭，无法通行，诗人分明看到了横断在前进路上不可逾越的障碍，表现了诗人一种无可奈何的颓唐之情。
（三）名篇名句默写（6分）（1）其出人也远矣而耻学于师（2）先帝不以臣卑鄙咨臣以当世之事（3）病树前头万木春暂凭杯酒长精神三、文学类文本阅读（25分）11.（1）答B给3分，答E给2分，答C给1分；答A、D不给分。
（2）①自卑心理，受人指派，被人指责；②自傲心理，傻瓜不如自己，可以随意指使；③卑劣心理，欺负殴打傻瓜，在精神上找到优胜法、出气法。
（3）①看病是整个故事的一个重大转折点，这是此前此后的故事发生了重要的变化；②使情节有波澜起伏，避免了故事发展的平铺直叙，能够增强吸引力；③推动故事发展进入高潮，为后面徐芳殴打傻瓜而使傻瓜智力恢复做铺垫。
（4）观点一：使人物形象更加丰满真实，特点突出。
①抓住“垫底人”力图摆脱自己是垫底人，因而不断欺负更弱者的这一心理特征，真实地刻画了人物鲜明的性格特征；②围绕“垫底人”这个线索，通过故事情节的不断发展变化，人物的心理特征得到了更好的集中刻画；③通过“垫底人”角色的反复变化，更好地体现出了小说的讽刺特点。
2011年山东省高考数学仿真押题试卷02（文科）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 已知集合A ={−1, 1}，B ={x|mx =1}，且A ∪B =A ，则m 的值为（ ） A 1 B −1 C 1或−1 D 1或−1或02. 复数z =4+3i1+2i 的实部是( ) A −2 B 2 C −1 D −253. 等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，若S 15为一确定常数，下列各式也为确定常数的是（ ） A a 2+a 13 B a 2a 13 C a 1+a 8+a 15 D a 1a 8a 154. 为了了解高二学生的数学成绩，抽取了某班60名学生，将所得数据整理后，画出其频率分布直方图， 如图所示，已知从左到右各长方形高的比为2:3:5:6:3:1，则该班学生数学成绩在[80, 100)之间的学生人数是( )A 32B 27C 24D 335. 要得到y =3cos(2x −π4)的图象，可以将函数y =3sin2x 的图象( )A 沿x 轴向左平移π8单位B 沿x 轴向右平移π8单位C 沿x 轴向左平移π4单位 D 沿x 轴向右平移π4单位6. 如果实数x 、y 满足条件{x −y +1≥0y +1≥0x +y +1≤0，那么2x −y 的最大值为（ ）A 2B 1C −2D −37. 为了确保信息安全，信息需加密传输，发送方由明文→密文（加密），接收方由密文→明文（解密），已知加密规则为：明文a ，b ，c ，d 对应密文2a +b ，2b +c ，c +5d ，2d ，例如，明文1，2，3，4对应密文4，7，23，8，当接收方收到密文7，13，38，14时，则解密得到的明文是（ ）A 27，64，108，24B 64，27，108，24C 1，3，5，7D 1，5，3，7 8. 已知：条件p:log a 2<1，条件q:1a >1，则¬p 是¬q 的（ ）A 充分条件但不必要条件B 必要条件但不充分条件C 充要条件D 既不充分也不必要9. 过抛物线y =2x 2的焦点的直线与抛物线交于A(x 1, y 1)，B(x 2, y 2)则x 1x 2=( ) A −2 B −12 C −4 D −11610. 如右图是底面积为√3，体积为√3的正三棱锥的主视图（等腰三角形）和俯视图（等边三角形），此三棱锥的侧视图的面积为（ ） A 6 B3√32 C 2√7 D 4√21311. 函数f(x)={4x −4,x ≤1，x 2−4x +3，x >1 的图象和函数g(x)=log 2x 的图象的交点个数是( )A 4B 3C 2D 1 12. 给出下列四个结论：①若α、β为锐角，tan(α+β)=−3，tanβ=12，则α+2β=3π4；②在△ABC 中，若AB →⋅BC →>0，则△ABC 一定是钝角三角形；③已知双曲线x 24+y 2m =1，其离心率e ∈(1, 2)，则m 的取值范围是(−12, 0)；④当a 为任意实数时，直线(a −1)x −y +2a +1=0恒过定点P ，则焦点在y 轴上且过点P 的抛物线的标准方程是x 2=43y ．其中所有正确结论的个数是（ ）A 1B 2C 3D 4二、填空题：本大题共4个小题，每小题4分，共16分.将答案直接填写在答题纸给定的横线上.13. 已知f(x +199)=4x 2+4x +3(x ∈R)，那么函数f(x)的最小值为________．14. 阅读下列程序框图，该程序输出的结果是________．15. 函数y =f(x)的图象在点P （5, f(5)）处的切线方程是y =−x +8，则f(5)+f′(5)=________．16. 对于一切实数x ，令[x]为不大于x 的最大整数，例如：[3.05]=3,[53]=1，则函数f(x)=[x]称为高斯函数或取整函数，若a n =f(n3)(n ∈N ∗)，S n 为数列{a n }的前n 项和，则S 30=________．三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤，务必在答题纸指定的位置作答．17. 如图，在平面四边形ABCD 中，AB =AD =1，∠BAD =θ，△BCD 是正三角形．(1)将四边形ABCD 的面积S 表示为θ的函数；(2)求四边形ABCD 的面积S 的最大值及此时θ角的值．18. 设连续掷两次骰子得到的点数分别为m 、n ，令平面向量a →=(m,n)，b →=(1,−3)． （1）求使得事件“a →⊥b →”发生的概率； （2）求使得事件“|a →|≤|b →|”发生的概率； （3）使得事件“直线y =mnx 与圆(x −3)2+y 2=1相交”发生的概率． 19. 如图，已知多面体ABCDE 中，AB ⊥面ACD ，DE ⊥面ACD ，三角形ACD 是正三角形，且AD =DE =2，AB =1．（1）求证：AB // 面CDE ；（2）在线段AC 上找一点F 使得AC ⊥面DEF ，并加以证明；（3）在线段CD 是否存在一点M ，使得BC // 面AEM ，若存在，求出CM 的长度；否则，说明理由．20. 数列{a n }中，数列{a n ⋅a n+1}是公比为q(q >0)的等比数列． (I)求使a n a n+1+a n+1a n+2>a n+2a n+3成立的q 的取值范围； (II)求数列{a n }的前2n 项的和S 2n ． 21. 已知过椭圆C ：x 2a2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)右焦点F 且斜率为1的直线交椭圆C 于A 、B 两点，N 为弦AB 的中点；又函数f(x)=asinx +3bcosx 图象的一条对称轴方程是x =π6，O 为坐标原点．（1）求椭圆C 的离心率e 与直线ON 的斜率；（2）对于任意一点M ∈C ，总有等式OM →=λOA →+μOB →成立，求证：λ2+μ2为定值． 22. 已知f(x)=lnx ，g(x)=12x 2+mx +72(m <0)，直线l 与函数f(x)的图象相切，切点的横坐标为1，且直线l与函数g(x)的图象也相切．（1）求直线l的方程及实数m的值；（2）若ℎ(x)=f(x+1)−g′(x)（其中g′(x)是g(x)的导函数），求函数ℎ(x)的最大值；（3）当0<b<a时，求证：f(a+b)−f(2a)<b−a2a．2011年山东省高考数学仿真押题试卷02（文科）答案1. D2. B3. C4. D5. A6. B7. D8. A9. D10. B11. B12. D13. 214. 72915. 216. 14517.解：(1)由余弦定理得，BD2=AB2+AD2−2AB×ADcosθ=2−2cosθ（也可得到BD=2sin2θ2）.S四边形=S△ABD+S△BCD=12×1×1×sinθ+√34(2−2cosθ)=12sinθ−√32cosθ+√32,S=√32+sin(θ−π3)，θ∈(0, π).(2)由(1)S=√32+sin(θ−π3)，∵ 0<θ<π， ∴ −π3<θ−π3<2π3，当θ−π3=π2时，即当θ=56π时，S 最大值为1+√32. 18. 解：（1）由题意知，m ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}；n ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}， 故(m, n)所有可能的取法共6×6=36种 使得a →⊥b →，即m −3n =0， 即m =3n ，共有2种(3, 1)、(6, 2)， 所以求使得a →⊥b →的概率P =236=118 （2）|a →|≤|b →|即m 2+n 2≤10，共有(1, 1)、(1, 2)、(1, 3)、(2, 1)、(2, 2)、(3, 1)6种 使得|a →|≤|b →|的概率P =636=16 （3）由直线与圆的位置关系得，d =√m 2+n 2<1，即mn <√24， 共有13，14，15，16，26，5种， 所以直线y =mnx 与圆(x −3)2+y 2=1相交的概率P =536 19. 证明：（1）∵ AB ⊥面ACD ，DE ⊥面ACD ，∴ AB // DE ，又∵ AB ⊄面CDE ，∴ AB // 面CDE ． 解：（2）取AC 的中点F ，连接FD 、EF ，∵ DE ⊥面ACD ，∴ DE ⊥AC ，在正三角形ACD 中，显然AC ⊥DF ， ∴ AC ⊥面DEF 解：（3）取CD 靠近C 的三等分点M ，连接BD 交AE 于N 点，连接MN ，在四边形ABDE 中，AB // DE ，ABDE =12=BNND =CMMD ，∴ 在三角形BCD 中，BC // MN ，MN ⊂面AEM ，∴ BC // 面AEM ． 且CM =23，20. 解：( I)∵ 数列{a n ⋅a n+1}是公比为q 的等比数列， ∴ a n+1a n+2=a n a n+1q ，a n+2a n+3=a n a n+1q 2，由a n a n+1+a n+1a n+2>a n+2a n+3得a n a n+1+a n a n+1q >a n a n+1q 2∴ 1+q >q 2，即q 2−q −1<0(q >0)， 解得0<q <1+√52．( II)由数列{a n ⋅a n+1}是公比为q 的等比数列，得a n+1a n+2a n a n+1=q ⇒a n+2a n=q ，这表明数列{a n }的所有奇数项成等比数列，所有偶数项成等比数列，且公比都是q ， 又a 1=1，a 2=2，∴ 当q ≠1时，S 2n =a 1+a 2+a 3+a 4+...+a 2n−1+a 2n =(a 1+a 3+...+a 2n−1)+(a 2+a 4+a 6+...+a 2n ) =a 1(1−q n )1−q+a 2(1−q n )1−q=3(1−q n )1−q，当q =1时，S 2n =a 1+a 2+a 3+a 4+...+a 2n−1+a 2n =(a 1+a 3+...+a 2n−1)+(a 2+a 4+a 6+...+a 2n )=(1+1+1+...+1)+(2+2+2+...+2)=3n… 21. 解：（1）因为函数图象的一条对称轴方程是x =π6，所以对任意的实数x 都有f(π6−x)=f(π6+x)，取x =π6得，f(0)=f(π3)，整理得a =√3b ，于是椭圆C 的离心率e =c a=√63， 由a =√3b 知，椭圆C 的方程可化为x 2+3y 2=3b 2，①又椭圆C 的右焦点F 为(√2b ，0)，直线AB 的方程为y =x −√2b ，② ②代入①展开整理得：4x 2−6√2bx +3b 2=0，③ 设A(x 1, y 1)，B(x 2, y 2)，弦AB 的中点N(x 0, y 0)，则x 1，x 2是方程③的两个不等的实数根，由韦达定理得， {x 1+x 2=3√22bx 1x 2=34b2∴ x 0=3√24b ，y 0=x 0−√2b =−√24b ，于是直线ON 的斜率k ON =y 0x 0=−13．此问用点差法也可（2）OA →与OB →是平面内的两个不共线的向量，由平面向量坐标运算知(x, y)=λ(x 1, y 1)+μ(x 2, y 2)，∴ x =λx 1+μx 2，y =λy 1+μy 2，又M ∈C ，代入①式得：(λx 1+μx 2)2+3(λy 1+μy 2)2=3b 2，展开整理得：λ(x 12+3y 12)+μ2(x 22+3y 22)+2λμ(x 1x 2+3y 1y 2)=3b 2，④ 又因为x 1x 2+3y 1y 2=x 1x 2+3(x 1−√2b)(x 2−√2b)=4x 1x 2−3√2b(x 1+x 2)+6b 2=3b 2−9b 2+6b 2=0，又A 、B 两点在椭圆上，故有x 12+3y 12=3b 2，x 22+3y 22=3b 2代入④式化简得：λ2+μ2=122. 解：（1）∵ f′(x)=1x，∴ f ′(1)=1．∴ 直线l 的斜率为1，且与函数f(x)的图象的切点坐标为(1, 0)． ∴ 直线l 的方程为y =x −1．又∵ 直线l 与函数y =g(x)的图象相切，∴ 方程组{y =x −1y =12x 2+mx +72有一解． 由上述方程消去y ，并整理得x2+2(m −1)x +9=0① 依题意，方程①有两个相等的实数根， ∴ △=[2(m −1)]2−4×9=0 解之，得m =4或m =−2 ∵ m <0，∴ m =−2．（2）由（1）可知g(x)=12x 2−2x +72，∴ g ′(x)=x −2∴ ℎ(x)=ln(x +1)−x +2(x >−1)． ∴ ℎ′(x)=1x+1−1=−xx+1．∴ 当x ∈(−1, 0)时，ℎ′(x)>0，当x ∈(0, +∞)时，ℎ′(x)<0． ∴ 当x =0时，ℎ(x)取最大值，其最大值为2， （3）f(a +b)−f(2a)=ln(a +b)−ln2a =ln a+b 2a=ln(1+b−a 2a)．∵ 0<b <a ，∴ −a ，∴ −12<b−a 2a<0．由（2）知当x ∈(−1, 0)时，ℎ(x)<ℎ(0)∴ 当x ∈(−1, 0)时，ln(1+x)<x ， ln(1+b −a 2a )<b −a2a．∴ f(a +b)−f(2a)<b−a 2a。
2011年高考模拟预测系列试卷（1）【新课标版】文科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共140分）一、选择题：本大题共35小题，每小题5分，共计140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分300分，考试时间150分钟。
假设下图表示纬线圈，A、B、C、D四点将纬线圈平分为四段弧，其中AB为夜弧，其余各弧为昼弧，据此回答1～2题。
1．下列有关地球上的方向和太阳直射点的叙述，正确的是（）A．A在B的正东方，太阳直射点在南半球B．A在B的正东方，太阳直射点在北半球C．A在B的正西方，太阳直射点在南半球D．A在B的正西方，太阳直射点在北半球2．图中C处日出时间为（）A．2时B．3时C．6时D．9时读“南极洲等高线图”（图2）和“南极洲4个气象站气温曲线图”（图3），回答3～5题。
3．法拉第站在哈利湾站的（）A．西北方向B．东北方向C．东南方向D．西南方向4．关于四个气象站气温的正确叙述是（）A．最低气温均出现在7月B．各站之间的气温差异夏季最大C．气温季节变化最小的是法拉第站D．南极气温年较差为22℃5．东方站各月气温都比南极低，主要原因是东方站（）A．纬度比南极高B．海拔比南极高C．受副极地低压控制D．终年盛行西北风下图中的MP、MQ为部分晨昏线。
阴影所在的经度范围与全球其他地区日期不同，读图回答6～7题。
6．此时太阳直射点的地理坐标为（）A．20°S，60°EB．20°N，120°EC．20°S，0°D．20°N，180°7．此日可能在（）A．1月B．5月C．7月D．11月下面是我国东部某地区年降水量和一月份平均温度分布示意图，读图回答8～9题。
8．根据等值线分布规律分析，图中甲地的降水量不可能是（）A．450毫米B．650毫米C．690毫米D．550毫米9．该图乙处形成多雨中心的原因是（）A．该地常年地处迎风坡，空气上升冷却降水多B．6月份，准静止锋长期停留该地C．七、八月份该地位于东南季风的迎风坡D．夏秋季受热带气旋的影响10．读某区域示意图，若图中相邻两条等高线相差50米，则下列叙述正确的是（）A．a、b、c三地中，海拔最高的是c地 B．图中河流自北向南流C．图示区域位于北半球D．最高处与最低处的相对高度可能为399米读非洲简图及非洲局部地区放大图，回答11～12题。
2011年高考语文模拟试题(全国卷)
一、选择题：
1、下列各句中加点字，最能体现“人不可有傲气，但不可无傲骨”道理的一句是（）
A. 傲骨自强不息，傲气必灭自身
B. 自强不息，则无所不能
C. 尊人者众，轻己者寡
D. 成大事者，从不识货
2、下列哪一项由“田”字底育诞生的新字？（）
A. 祃
B. 禅
C. 秫
D. 稗
二、填空题：
1、山重水复疑无路，______向前求取中道？
2、_______ 春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花。
三、完型填空：
当大自然的美丽与动人的景观融为一体，令人心潮澎湃时，他的心情
也定会随之改变，他的心里多少会有一份______的情绪。
四、阅读：
尼采说：“看到你想要的，心甘情愿去为它拼搏，这是成功的法则，又
是人的智慧，它胜过一切的权势，奋斗的滋味，你必须完成它，才能
得到属于你的成就。
”
五、书面表达：
今年，我有一个比较重要的目标：让自己更强大。
为此，我会定期锻
炼自己的身体，既能增强自己的体力，又能提高心理素质；我还会努
力提高自己的学业水平，以便更好地适应未来的成长环境。
身边众多的成功人士让我的思想更加饱满，我希望学习他们的勤奋求
实及执著精神，也希望能够走完自己的成长之路，获得自己满意的成绩。
每次被困难击垮，我都会想到佛教里高丽语录：“决心乃困难事也，如果决心无有，所有苦恼亦不存在”，抱着不断进取的决心，一步一个
脚印，无论结果如何，都能得到进步，未来将会更加美好。
2011年高考模拟试题2011年高考模拟试题第卷(共36分)一、（l5分，每小题3分）1．下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一句是A．虽然是满月，天上却有一层淡淡的云，所以不能朗照；但我以为这恰是到了好处——酣眠固不可少，小睡也别有风味的。
B．荔枝不耐贮藏，正如白居易说的：一日而色变，二日而香变，三日而味变，四五日外，色香味尽去矣。
C．从明年4月1日起，国家将加大对酒后驾车、在高速公路上倒车、逆行、掉头，使用伪造、变造机动车牌证三种违法行为的处罚力度。
D．2010财年铁矿石价格谈判即将启动，理想的中国价格能不能谈成，世界最大买家的利益能不能得到维护?这成为舆论的焦点。
2．下列词语中的加点字，读音与字形全都正确的一组是A．庇(b)护趿(j)拉踹(chui)一脚真知灼(zhu)见B．嘈(zo)杂缱绻(qun)瞥(pi)一眼间(jin)不容发C．推搡(sng)攻讦(ji)捋(1u)一把陨(yn)身不恤D．惊蛰(zh)赊(sh)账露(1u)一手茕(qing)茕孑立3．依次填入下列各句中横线处的词，最恰当的一组是我们也曾拜倒在英国国王的宝座下，恳请他出面，制裁国会和内阁中的残暴者。
若再要点些进去，则门前可以泊一只乌篷小船，茅屋里可以添几个喧哗的酒客。
海尔节电空调在山东市场的零售份额实现了环比翻番，牢牢了山东市场的首位。
A．干涉景致占领B．干预景致占据C．干预景象占据D．干涉景象占领4．下列各句中，加点的成语使用最恰当的一句是A．由于剩余价值的发现，这里就恍然大悟了，而先前无论资产阶级经济学家或者社会主义批评家所做的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。
B．灯光四射的舞台上，她唱得字正腔圆，韵味十足，每一个表情有板有眼，赢得了观众的阵阵掌声。
C．一度闹得沸沸扬扬的季羡林遗产风波近日又起波澜，季羡林旧居被盗，室内物品被洗劫一空，被盗物品价值至少百万元。
D．长江大学陈及时等三名同学为救溺水儿童献出了年轻的生命，被追授为全国舍己救人优秀大学生荣誉称号，确实是众望所归。
2012 备考语文新题分类汇编：地方特色题型（高考真题+模拟新题）一、课标语文W1 [2011·江苏卷] 阅读材料，完成19～21 题。
(10 分)课标语文19.W1 用斜线“/给”下面画线的文言文断句。
(限6 处)(6 分)故谊过长沙作赋以吊汨罗，而太史公传于屈原之后，明其若屈原之忠而遭弃逐也。
而班固不讥文帝之远贤痛贾生之不用但谓其天年早终且谊以失志忧伤而横夭岂曰天年乎则固之善志逮与《春秋》褒贬万一矣。
(欧阳修《贾谊不至公卿论》)课标语文19.W1 【解析】本题考查文言断句能力。
这是一段议论性文字，结合第一句内容及第20 题的提示，把握整体大意，再寻找断句标志。
如：“讥”“痛”引导结构相近的句子，“岂”一般在开头，“曰”后一般要断开，“乎”“矣”一般在句末。
【答案】而班固不讥文帝之远贤/痛贾生之不用/但谓其天年早终/且谊以失志忧伤而横夭/ 岂曰天年乎/则固之善志/逮与《春秋》褒贬万一矣。
课标语文20.W1 说说文中班固与欧阳修对贾谊之死的不同论断。
(2 分)课标语文20.W1 【解析】考生找出班固及欧阳修论断贾谊之死的文字后，只要正确翻译，理解内容，答题就容易了。
【答案】班固认为是“天年早终”，即虽然死得早，但属自然死亡。
欧阳修认为是“失志忧伤而横夭”，即无法实现大志，抑郁忧伤而早逝。
课标语文21.W1 何谓“春秋笔法”？(2 分)课标语文21.W1 【解析】学生需要对孔子修订《春秋》有较详细的了解。
【答案】相传孔子修《春秋》，一字含褒贬，后来称用笔曲折而意含褒贬的写作手法为“春秋笔法”。
二、课标语文W1 [2011·江苏卷] 名著阅读题(15 分)课标语文22.W1 下列有关名著的说明，不正．确．的．两．项．．是(5 分)( )A．赤壁之战中，曹操中了反间计，杀掉水军都督蔡瑁、张允，这也因为曹操疑心重，而蔡、张两人原本不是自己的部下。
B．《家》中觉民为了逃婚离家出走，一星期后，觉新给他写了一封“非常恳切的信”，劝他为了一家的安宁，就不要回家了。
2011年高考模拟试卷（新课标卷）语文鞍山一中齐次注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.作答时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。
理性看待‚国学热‛现象近年来，国学、国学阅读和国学教育，几乎成为人们谈论思想文化时出现频率最高的词汇。
各种解读国学的书籍争相出版，各种品说古人的节目陆续播放，一些地方还有老师着汉服上课、学生进孔庙祭拜的事情，足见人们的热情。
但是，越是这种言必称国学的时候，越需要认识国学的内涵与外延，辨析其中精华与糟粕，了解其价值与意义。
因为，惟有真正的了解，才有真正的热爱。
所谓‚国学‛，是关于中华民族在长期的历史发展中所形成的学问。
其所蕴涵的内容，实为中国所特有，或在中国的地理环境、语言环境、人文环境，乃至在中国政治、经济、社会、历史等特定条件下所形成，或在中国文化母体中孕育、产生、演变和发展的学问总和。
就其外延说，它是一个无所不包的文化整体，其中也必然含有精华和糟粕。
国学有精华，也有糟粕，扬精华弃糟粕，不能含糊。
在这个问题上，我们曾经走过许多弯路，有过许多教训。
把洗澡水和婴儿一起倒掉的现象，仍在当前存在，尤其值得注意。
有些人并不知道国学为何物，却盲目排斥，谓国学抗拒进步，抗拒科学民主，主张要像‚五四‛时期那样，把国学统统扫进历史的垃圾堆。
有这种现象的大量存在，可知国学非热而实冷。
另一种值得注意的倾向是国学热的虚火。
有些人利用人们对国学的热情和判断力不足，甚至在报纸、图书、讲坛、传媒上一哄而起，把国学变成捞取名利的工具，鼓吹向古人学习如何走捷径；如何赚大钱；如何耍权术、保权位；如何求神佑、避灾祸，甚至如何得长生、玩女人等，以国学的名义兜售假、冒、伪、劣的文化产品和文化糟粕。
2011年高考模拟系列试卷（一）数学试题（理）（新课标版）一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的．1．已知集合{}{}1,0,,01A a B x x =-=<<，若A B ≠∅ ，则实数a 的取值范围是A ．(,0)-∞B ．(0,1)C ．{}1D ．(1,)+∞2．已知向量(1,1),2(4,2)=+=a a b ，则向量,a b 的夹角的余弦值为AB．- C．2D．2-3．在等差数列{}n a 中，首项10,a =公差0d ≠，若1237k a a a a a =++++ ，则k = A ．22 B ．23 C ．24 D ．25 4．若一个圆台的的正视图如图所示，则其侧面积等于 A ．6 B ．6πC．D．5．已知i 为虚数单位，a 为实数，复数(2i)(1+i)z a =-在复平面内对应的点为M ，则“a =1”是“点M 在第四象限”的 A ．充分而不必要条件 B ．必要而不充分条件 C ．充要条件 D ．既不充分也不必要条件6．函数cos ()sin ()y x x ππ22=+-+44的最小正周期为A ．4πB ．2πC ．πD ．2π7．若1()nx x+展开式中第四项与第六项的系数相等，则展开式中的常数项的值等于A ．8B ．16C ．80D ．708．已知直线22x y +=与x 轴，y 轴分别交于,A B 两点，若动点(,)P a b 在线段AB 上，则a b 的最大值为A ．12B ．2C ．3D ．319．某校高中年级开设了丰富多彩的校本课程，甲、乙两班各随机抽取了5名学生的学分，用茎叶图表示（如右图）．1s ，2s 分别表示甲、乙两班抽取的5名学生学分的标准差，则1s ________2s （填“>”、“<”或“＝”）．A ．>B ．<第4题第9题图C ．＝D ．不能确定 10．若函数()(,)y f x a b =的导函数在区间上的图象关于直线2b a x +=对称，则函数()y f x =在区间[,]a b 上的图象可能是A ．①B ．②C ．③D ．③④11．已知函数2221,0()21,0x x x f x x x x ⎧+-≥=⎨--<⎩，则对任意12,x x R ∈，若120x x <<，下列不等式成立的是A ．12()()0f x f x +<B ． 12()()0f x f x +>C ．12()()0f x f x ->D ．12()()0f x f x -<12．已知双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b ab-=>>与抛物线28y x =有一个公共的焦点F ，且两曲线的一个交点为P ，若5PF =，则双曲线的渐近线方程为A ．0x ±=B 0y ±=C ．20x y ±=D ．20x y ±=二．填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分，把答案填在题中横线上．13．抛物线x y 22=与直线4-=x y 所围成的图形面积是_________． 14．某程序框图如图所示，该程序运行后输出的S 的值是_________． 15．若点P 在直线03:1=++y x l 上，过点P 的直线2l 与曲线22:(5)16C x y -+=只有一个公共点M ，则PM的最小值为_________．16．以下是面点师一个工作环节的数学模型：如图，在数轴上截取与闭区间]4,0[对应的线段，对折后（坐标4所对应的点与原点重合）再均匀地拉成4个单位长度的线段，这一过程称为一次操作（例如在第一次操作完成后，原来的坐标1、3变成2，原来的坐标2变成4，等等）．那么原闭第12题图区间]4,0[上（除两个端点外）的点，在第n 次操作完成后（1≥n ），恰好被拉到与4重合的点所对应的坐标为_________．三．解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． 17．（本小题满分12分） 在A B C ∆中，已知45A = ，4cos 5B =．（Ⅰ）求cos C 的值；（Ⅱ）若10,BC D =为AB 的中点，求C D 的长． 18．（本小题满分12分）某班同学利用国庆节进行社会实践，对[25,55]岁的人群随机抽取n 人进行了一次生活习惯是否符合低碳观念的调查，若生活习惯符合低碳观念的称为“低碳族”，否则称为“非低碳族”，得到如下统计表和各年龄段人数频率分布直方图：（Ⅰ）补全频率分布直方图并求n 、a 、p 的值；（Ⅱ）从[40,50)岁年龄段的“低碳族”中采用分层抽样法抽取18人参加户外低碳体验活动，其中选取3人作为领队，记选取的3名领队中年龄在[40,45)岁的人数为X ，求X 的分布列和期望EX ． 19．（本小题满分12分）设数列{}n a 是首项为()a a 11>0，公差为2的等差数列，其前n 项和为n S 数列．（Ⅰ）求数列{}n a 的通项公式； （Ⅱ）记2n n na b =的前n 项和为n T ，求n T ．20．（本小题满分12分）如图，已知E ，F 分别是正方形A B C D 边B C 、C D 的中点，EF与A C 交于点O ，P A 、N C 都垂直于平面A B C D ，且4PA AB ==，2N C =，M 是线段P A 上一动点．（Ⅰ）求证：平面P A C ⊥平面N E F ；（Ⅱ）若//P C 平面M EF ，试求:P M M A 的值；（Ⅲ）当M 是P A 中点时，求二面角M E F N --的余弦值． 21．（本小题满分12分）第20题已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b ab+=>>的离心率为3e =，以原点为圆心，椭圆短半轴长为半径的圆与直线20x y -+=相切，,A B 分别是椭圆的左右两个顶点， P 为椭圆C 上的动点． （Ⅰ）求椭圆的标准方程；（Ⅱ）若P 与,A B 均不重合，设直线P A 与P B 的斜率分别为12,k k ，证明：12k k 为定值； （Ⅲ）M 为过P 且垂直于x 轴的直线上的点，若O P O Mλ=，求点M 的轨迹方程，并说明轨迹是什么曲线． 22．（本小题满分14分）已知三次函数()()32,,f x ax bx cx a b c R =++∈．（Ⅰ）若函数()f x 过点(1,2)-且在点()()1,1f 处的切线方程为20y +=，求函数()f x 的解析式； （Ⅱ）在（Ⅰ）的条件下，若对于区间[]3,2-上任意两个自变量的值12,x x 都有12()()f x f x t -≤，求实数t 的最小值；（Ⅲ）当11x -≤≤时，1)(≤'x f ，试求a 的最大值，并求a 取得最大值时()f x 的表达式．参考答案一．选择题1．B ； 2．C ； 3．A ； 4．C ； 5．A ； 6．C ； 7．D ； 8．A ； 9．B ； 10．D ； 11．D ； 12．B ． 二．填空题 13．18； 14．12-； 15．4； 16．22n j -（这里j 为[1,2]n 中的所有奇数）．三．解答题17．解：（Ⅰ）4cos ,5B =且(0,180)B ∈ ，∴3sin 5B ==．cos cos(180)cos(135)C A B B =--=-43cos135cos sin 135sin 2525B B =+=-+10=-（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可得sin C ===．由正弦定理得sin sin BC AB AC =，即2A B =，解得14AB =．在B C D ∆中，7B D =，22247102710375C D =+-⨯⨯⨯=，所以C D =18．解：（Ⅰ）第二组的频率为1(0.040.040.030.020.01)50.3-++++⨯=，所以高为0.30.065=．频率直方图如下：第一组的人数为1202000.6=，频率为0.0450.2⨯=，所以20010000.2n ==．由题可知，第二组的频率为0．3，所以第二组的人数为10000.3300⨯=，所以1950.65300p ==．第四组的频率为0.0350.15⨯=，所以第四组的人数为10000.15150⨯=，所以1500.460a =⨯=．（Ⅱ）因为[40,45)岁年龄段的“低碳族”与[45,50)岁年龄段的“低碳族”的比值为60:302:1=，所以采用分层抽样法抽取18人，[40,45)岁中有12人，[45,50)岁中有6人．随机变量X 服从超几何分布． 031263185(0)204C C P X C ===， 1212631815(1)68C C P X C ===，2112631833(2)68C C P X C ===，312631855(3)204C C P X C ===．X∴数学期望5153355012322046868204EX =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=．19．解：（Ⅰ）∵11S a =，212122S aa a =+=+，3123136S a a a a =++=+， ==解得11a =，故21n a n =-．（Ⅱ）211(21)()222nnn n na nb n -===-， 法1：12311111()3()5()(21)()2222nn T n =⨯+⨯+⨯++-⨯ ①①12⨯得 23411111111()3()5()(23)()(21)()222222nn n T n n +=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⨯+-⨯ ② ①-②得 2311111112()2()2()(21)()222222n n n T n +=+⨯+⨯++⨯--⨯ 11111(1)113121222(21)()12222212nn n n n n +-+--=⨯---⨯=---， ∴4212333222n n n nn n T -+=--=-． 法2：121112222n n nnn na nb n --===⋅-，设112nn k k kF -==∑，记11()()nk k f x k x-==∑，则()1111(1)()1(1)n nnn kk nk k x x n nx xf x x x xx +==''⎛⎫--+-⎛⎫'==== ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭∑∑， ∴114(2)2n n F n -⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭，故111(1)1123224(2)13122212nn n n nnn T F n --+=-=-+⋅-+=--．20．解： 法1：（Ⅰ）连结BD ，∵P A ⊥平面A B C D ，BD ⊂平面A B C D ，∴PA BD ⊥，又∵B D A C ⊥，AC PA A = ，∴B D ⊥平面P A C ，又∵E ，F 分别是B C 、C D 的中点，∴//E F B D ，∴E F ⊥平面P A C ，又E F ⊂平面N E F ，∴平面P A C ⊥平面N E F ．（Ⅱ）连结O M ，∵//P C 平面M E F ，平面PAC 平面M E F O M =，∴//P C O M ，∴14P MO CP A A C ==，故:1:3P M M A =．（Ⅲ）∵E F ⊥平面P A C ，O M ⊂平面P A C ，∴E F ⊥O M ，在等腰三角形N E F 中，点O 为EF 的中点，∴N O E F ⊥，∴M O N ∠为所求二面角M E F N --的平面角．∵点M 是P A 的中点，∴2A M N C ==，所以在矩形M N C A中，可求得MN AC ==，N O =M O =在M O N ∆中，由余弦定理可求得222cos 233M O O N M NM O N M O O N+-∠==-⋅⋅，∴二面角M E F N --的余弦值为33-．法2：（Ⅰ）同法1；（Ⅱ）建立如图所示的直角坐标系，则(0,0,4)P ，(4,4,0)C ，(4,2,0)E ，(2,4,0)F ，∴(4,4,4)PC =- ，(2,2,0)EF =-，设点M 的坐标为(0,0,)m ，平面M EF 的法向量为(,,)n x y z =，则(4,2,)M E m =- ，所以0n M E n E F ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩，即420220x y m z x y +-=⎧⎨-+=⎩，令1x =，则1y =，6z m =，故6(1,1,)n m = ． ∵//P C 平面M EF ，∴0PC n ⋅= ，即24440m+-=，解得3m =，故3A M =，即点M 为线段P A上靠近P 的四等分点；故:1:3P M M A =．（Ⅲ）(4,4,2)N ，则(0,2,2)EN = ，设平面N E F 的法向量为(,,)m x y z =，则00m E N m E F ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩ ，即220220y z x y +=⎧⎨-+=⎩，令1x =，则1y =，1z =-，即(1,1,1)m =-，当M 是P A 中点时，2m =，则(1,1,3)n =，∴cos ,33m n <>==-，∴二面角M E F N --的余弦值为33-21．解：（Ⅰ）由题意可得圆的方程为222x y b +=，∵直线20x y -+=与圆相切，∴d b ==，即b =，又3c e a==，即a =，222a b c =+，解得a =1c =． 所以椭圆方程为22132xy+=．（Ⅱ）设000(,)(0)P x y y ≠，(0)A，0)B ，则2200132x y +=，即2200223y x =-，则1y k =2y k =， 即2220012222000222(3)2333333x x yk k x x x --⋅====----，∴12k k 为定值23-． （Ⅲ）设(,)M x y ，其中[x ∈．由已知222O P O Mλ=及点P 在椭圆C 上可得2222222222633()x xx x yx y λ+-+==++， 整理得2222(31)36x y λλ-+=，其中[x ∈．①当3λ=时，化简得26y =，所以点M的轨迹方程为y x =≤≤，轨迹是两条平行于x 轴的线段；②当3λ≠时，方程变形为2222166313xyλλ+=-，其中[x ∈，当03λ<<时，点M 的轨迹为中心在原点、实轴在y轴上的双曲线满足x ≤≤13λ<<时，点M 的轨迹为中心在原点、长轴在x轴上的椭圆满足x ≤≤的部分；当1λ≥时，点M 的轨迹为中心在原点、长轴在x 轴上的椭圆．22．解：（Ⅰ）∵函数()f x 过点(1,2)-，∴(1)2f a b c -=-+-= ①又2()32f x ax bx c '=++，函数()f x 点(1,(1))f 处的切线方程为20y +=，∴(1)2(1)0f f =-⎧⎨'=⎩，∴2320a b c a b c ++=-⎧⎨++=⎩ ② 由①和②解得1a =，0b =，3c =-，故 3()3f x x x =-． （Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）2()33f x x '=-，令()0f x '=，解得1x =±，∵(3)18f -=-，(1)2f -=，(1)2f =-，(2)2f =，∴在区间[]3,2-上m ax ()2f x =，m in ()18f x =-， ∴对于区间[]3,2-上任意两个自变量的值12,x x ，12|()()|20f x f x -≤，∴20t ≥，从而t 的最小值为20． （Ⅲ）∵2()32f x ax bx c '=++，则(0)(1)32(1)32f cf a b c f a b c'=⎧⎪'-=-+⎨⎪'=++⎩，可得6(1)(1)2(0)a f f f '''=-+-． ∵当11x -≤≤时，1)(≤'x f ，∴(1)1f '-≤，(0)1f '≤，(1)1f '≤， ∴6||(1)(1)2(0)a f f f '''=-+-(1)(1)2(0)4f f f '''≤-++≤，∴23a ≤，故a 的最大值为23， 当23a =时，(0)1(1)221(1)221f c f b c f b c '⎧==⎪'-=-+=⎨⎪'=++=⎩，解得0b =，1c =-，∴a 取得最大值时()323f x x x =-．。
《名师方略》2012高考模拟试题五Ⅰ、语言知识及应用（共两节；满分45分）第一节: 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world.But only a few of them are very ___1 . English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U. S. A, but in other parts of the world. About 200, 000, 000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a __2_ language. Many millions are trying to do so.Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different ___3 Have you ever __4 ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines?“Learn English in six month, or your ___5__ back ...” “Easy and funny? Our records and tapes ___6__ you master your English in a month. From the first day your ___7__ will be excellent. Just send...” Of course, it never ___8__ quite like this.The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were ___9__. If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. ___10__ what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and ___11_ in it all the time, just imagine how much ___12__ that gets!So it is hard to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English ___13__ upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and ___14__ much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will ___15 . But they cannot do the student‟s work for him.1. A. difficult B. important C. necessary D. easy2. A. native B. foreign C. useful D. mother3. A. questions B. problems C. ideas D. answers4. A. found B. watched C. noticed D. known5. A. knowledge B. time C. money D. English6. A. make B. help C. let D. allow7. A. spelling B. grammar C. English D. pronunciation8. A. happened B. know C. seemed D. felt9. A. students B. children C. babies D. grown-ups10. A. Imagine B. Mind C. Do D. Think of11. A. using B. thinking C. trying D. practicing12 A. time B. money C. language D. practice13 A. depends B. tries C. has D. takes14 A. uses B. takes C. gets D. costs15 A. do B. work C. help D. master第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题l 5分．满分l5分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。
One day a farmer‟s donkey fell down into a well. The animal cried piteously ___16___ hoursas the farmer tried to figure out what to do. Finally, he decided the animal was old, and the well needed ___17___ (cover) up anyway; it just wasn't worth ___18___ to save the donkey.He invited all his neighbors to come over and help him. They all grabbed a shovel（铲）and began to shovel dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized ___19___ was happening and cried horribly. Then, to everyone‟s amazement, he quieted down. A few shovel loads later, the farmer finally looked down the well. He _ 20____ (astonish) at what he saw. With each shovel of dirt __21____ hit his back, the donkey was doing something _ 22___ (amaze). He would shake it off and take a step up.__23____ the farmer‟s neighbors continued to shovel dirt on top of the animal; he would shake it off and take a step up. Pretty soon, everyone was amazed as the donkey stepped up over __24____ edge of the well and happily ran off!Each of our troubles is a steppingstone. We can get out of the deepest wells just ___25___ not giving up! Shake it off and take a step up.Ⅱ阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AChildren start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there‟s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children‟s curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing on e another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we‟re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I g et a stomachache. Why?”This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don‟t jump in with “That‟s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That‟s interesting” or “I‟d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn‟t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What‟s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目标) for your disagreement.Lastly, show; don‟t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they‟ll understand why you want them to wash beforedinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.26. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.A. to let them see the world aroundB. to share the children‟s curiosityC. to explain difficult phrases about scienceD. to supply the children with lab equipment27. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ______.A. any questionsB. any problemsC. questions from textbooksD. any number of questions28. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.A. ask them to answer quicklyB. wait for one or two seconds after a questionC. tell them to answer the next dayD. wait at least for three seconds after a question29. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?A. The second and third.B. The fourth and fifth.C. The fifth and sixth.D. The seventh.30. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children‟s curiosity except that adults should ________.A. tell their children stories instead of reciting (背诵) factsB. offer their children chances to see things for themselvesC. be patient enough when their children answer questionsD. encourage their children to ask questions of their ownBProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have aserious illness.When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.31. The author believes that the population explosion results from _______.A. an increase in birthratesB. the industrial developmentC. a decrease in death ratesD. human beings‟ cultural advances32. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______.A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not workB. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvationC. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generationsD. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life33. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial.D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever.34. The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.A. prolonging the dying old people‟s livesB. reducing the problems caused by the retired peopleC. making profits through caring for the sick or weak peopleD. taking care of the sick or weak people35. Which of the following best describes the author‟s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?A. Sympathetic.B. Approving.C. Optimistic.D. Critical.CIn bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill m the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may beespecially strict in money matters. Others are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.36. Eagerly watching the child‟s acquisition of new skills, _________________.A. should be avoidedB. is universal among parentsC. sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD. will make the child lose interest in learning new things37. In the process of children‟s learning new skills, parents _________________.A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB. should expect a lot of the childrenC. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD. should create as many learning opportunities as possible38. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________________.A. parents should be strict with their childrenB. parental controls reflect only the values of the communityC. parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children aloneD. it‟s parents‟ and society‟s duty to control the children39. The word “precept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_________________”.A. opinionB. punishmentC. behaviorD. instruction40. In terms of moral matters, parents should _____________________.A. follow the rules themselvesB. be aware of the huge difference between adults and childrenC. forbid their children to follow hook teachingsD. always ensure the security of their childrenDThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients thanbefore, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals — many of which were built in the nineteenth century — provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.41. We can know from the first paragraph that ______________.A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybodyB. people didn‟t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set upC. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers42. What do we know about the NHS?A. It‟s managed by the central government.B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.43. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they ____________.A. take care of the local people‟s healthB. often take part in competitions to see who is the bestC. work under high pressure nowadaysD. have more responsibilities than before44. What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?A. sufferingB. differentC. preventedD. free45. The biggest problem for the NHS is ______________.A. many hospitals are too old to be usedB. some services are in the charge of individualsC. more and more patients go to GPs for treatmentD. there is not enough money for further reform第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
