《名师方略》2012高考模拟试题五
Ⅰ、语言知识及应用（共两节；满分45分）
第一节: 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world.
But only a few of them are very ___1 . English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U. S. A, but in other parts of the world. About 200, 000, 000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a __2_ language. Many millions are trying to do so.
Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different ___3 Have you ever __4 ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines?
“Learn English in six month, or your ___5__ back ...” “Easy and funny? Our records and tapes ___6__ you master your English in a month. From the first day your ___7__ will be excellent. Just send...” Of course, it never ___8__ quite like this.
The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were ___9__. If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. ___10__ what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and ___11_ in it all the time, just imagine how much ___12__ that gets!
So it is hard to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English ___13__ upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and ___14__ much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will ___15 . But they cannot do the student?s work for him.
1. A. difficult B. important C. necessary D. easy
2. A. native B. foreign C. useful D. mother
3. A. questions B. problems C. ideas D. answers
4. A. found B. watched C. noticed D. known
5. A. knowledge B. time C. money D. English
6. A. make B. help C. let D. allow
7. A. spelling B. grammar C. English D. pronunciation
8. A. happened B. know C. seemed D. felt
9. A. students B. children C. babies D. grown-ups
10. A. Imagine B. Mind C. Do D. Think of
11. A. using B. thinking C. trying D. practicing
12 A. time B. money C. language D. practice
13 A. depends B. tries C. has D. takes
14 A. uses B. takes C. gets D. costs
15 A. do B. work C. help D. master
第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题l 5分．满分l5分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。
One day a farmer?s donkey fell down into a well. The animal cried piteously ___16___ hours
as the farmer tried to figure out what to do. Finally, he decided the animal was old, and the well needed ___17___ (cover) up anyway; it just wasn't worth ___18___ to save the donkey.
He invited all his neighbors to come over and help him. They all grabbed a shovel（铲）and began to shovel dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized ___19___ was happening and cried horribly. Then, to everyone?s amazement, he quieted down. A few shovel loads later, the farmer finally looked down the well. He _ 20____ (astonish) at what he saw. With each shovel of dirt __21____ hit his back, the donkey was doing something _ 22___ (amaze). He would shake it off and take a step up.
__23____ the farmer?s neighbors continued to shovel dirt on top of the animal; he would shake it off and take a step up. Pretty soon, everyone was amazed as the donkey stepped up over __24____ edge of the well and happily ran off!
Each of our troubles is a steppingstone. We can get out of the deepest wells just ___25___ not giving up! Shake it off and take a step up.
Ⅱ阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there?s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children?s curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing on e another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we?re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I g et a stomachache. Why?”
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don?t jump in with “That?s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That?s interesting” or “I?d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn?t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What?s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目标) for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don?t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they?ll understand why you want them to wash before
dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
26. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
A. to let them see the world around
B. to share the children?s curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science
D. to supply the children with lab equipment
27. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ______.
A. any questions
B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks
D. any number of questions
28. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.
A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to answer the next day
D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
29. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third.
B. The fourth and fifth.
C. The fifth and sixth.
D. The seventh.
30. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children?s curiosity except that adults should ________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting (背诵) facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own
B
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a
serious illness.
When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.
31. The author believes that the population explosion results from _______.
A. an increase in birthrates
B. the industrial development
C. a decrease in death rates
D. human beings? cultural advances
32. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______.
A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work
B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation
C. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations
D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life
33. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?
A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.
B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.
C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial.
D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever.
34. The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. prolonging the dying old people?s lives
B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people
C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people
D. taking care of the sick or weak people
35. Which of the following best describes the author?s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?
A. Sympathetic.
B. Approving.
C. Optimistic.
D. Critical.
C
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill m the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be
especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
36. Eagerly watching the child?s acquisition of new skills, _________________.
A. should be avoided
B. is universal among parents
C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D. will make the child lose interest in learning new things
37. In the process of children?s learning new skills, parents _________________.
A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B. should expect a lot of the children
C. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D. should create as many learning opportunities as possible
38. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________________.
A. parents should be strict with their children
B. parental controls reflect only the values of the community
C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone
D. it?s parents? and society?s duty to control the children
39. The word “precept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_________________”.
A. opinion
B. punishment
C. behavior
D. instruction
40. In terms of moral matters, parents should _____________________.
A. follow the rules themselves
B. be aware of the huge difference between adults and children
C. forbid their children to follow hook teachings
D. always ensure the security of their children
D
The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.
Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.
As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than
before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals — many of which were built in the nineteenth century — provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.
During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
41. We can know from the first paragraph that ______________.
A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody
B. people didn?t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up
C. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948
D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers
42. What do we know about the NHS?
A. It?s managed by the central government.
B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.
C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.
D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.
43. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they ____________.
A. take care of the local people?s health
B. often take part in competitions to see who is the best
C. work under high pressure nowadays
D. have more responsibilities than before
44. What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?
A. suffering
B. different
C. prevented
D. free
45. The biggest problem for the NHS is ______________.
A. many hospitals are too old to be used
B. some services are in the charge of individuals
C. more and more patients go to GPs for treatment
D. there is not enough money for further reform
第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
以下是请求帮助者的资料：
A. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.
B. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it. How badly he needs
someone's help.
C. Mane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn't know which bus to take. What's worse, since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.
D."Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.
E. "Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don't know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth.
F. A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children's future.
以下是乐于提供帮助的人员信息介绍，请匹配他们与所对应的帮助对象。
46. Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
47. Ben: After graduation, I don't want to apply for a job at once Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I'll get valuable experience for my future career. 48. Susan: I'm a girl from England and has studied French for years. I'm here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
49. Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I'm working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.
50. Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They are only bone and skin left. What's worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.
Ⅲ.写作(共2节，满分40分)
第一节基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)
【写作情景】
某英语杂志社举办“建设节约型校园”征文比赛。请针对目前许多校园内部的浪费现象，写一篇短文，号召同学们从我做起，杜绝浪费。
1.浪费现象；
2.危害；
3.建议措施。
【写作要求】
用五句话表达全部的内容，并组成一篇连贯的短文。（开头已给出，不计入句数。）【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
Building up a Saving Campus
Our school campus is becoming more and more beautiful. But did you notice _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
第二节：读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150左右的英语短文。
Let?s face it. You are constantly exposed to common uses. There is nothing you can do about them. However, you can greatly influence the effect of those viruses on your health. Don?t accept that the flu or common cold is something you have to suffer from time to time. Stop this thought and keep yourself and your entire family healthy regardless of the weather or season. These 4 easy tips will help you to reduce the number of times you are down with the flu or common cold.
1. Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables daily.
They will provide you with important nutrients, mainly vitamins, which are needed to increase your ability to win the fight against common viruses.
2. Drink plenty of water.
The water runs through your body, removing everything your body wants to get rid of. Stop drinking water 30 minutes before a meal and wait for 2 hours after a meal. This will prevent the water from diluting your digestive juices.
3. Sleep more than 8 hours per night.
If you often fail to have enough sleep, not only will you feel tired, but also your immune system will work less efficiently. You will be more easily affected by viruses.
4. Think positively and keep an optimistic view on your life situations.
Your mind and your immune system talk with each other. Your encouraging thoughts will bring the best out from your immune system. Keep always in mind that your reaction to the first sign of the flu or common cold should be something like: I am sure my immune system will easily win the fight against those viruses. I am going to stay healthy!
【写作内容】
假设你们班要举行一次关于“健康生活”的演讲, 请你以“健康的生活习惯让我们远离病毒” 为主题写一篇演讲稿。内容要点包括:
以约30个词概括上文要点.
以约120个词谈谈你对形成健康的生活习惯的看法，内容包括:
(1) 病毒的危害及形成健康生活习惯的必要性;
(2) 结合自己的例子向大家介绍健康的生活习惯有哪些;
(3) 倡导大家培养正确的生活习惯。
在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事, 也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
作文的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
【评分标准】
概括准确, 语言规范, 内容合适, 篇章连贯。
Boys and girls,
I am very glad to give you a talk about how to live a healthy life.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________
Thank you!
《名师方略》2011高考模拟试题五
答案解析
Ⅰ、语言知识及应用（共两节；满分45分）
第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分．满分30分)
1. B。important 意为“重要的”，根据下文提到的像英语被广泛使用，说明了这几种语言是重要的。故不宜选其他形容词。
2. B。as a foreign language(外语)与前句中的as their own language相对应。
3. D。answer 意为“答案”，指回答前面的答案。句意为：学习英语容易还是困难，不同的人有不同的答案。
4. C。notice 意为“注意到”，根据不同的动词意义，只有notice切合句意。指注意到这些广告。
5. C。这些广告的目的是为了收钱，故选money。or your money back意为：否则退钱。
6. B。help sb do sth 意为“帮助某人做某事”。而make / let sb do sth意为“使/让某人做某事”。allow不符合该句句型。
7. D。由于是指学习英语语言，应该是先学习发音，故选pronunciation(发音)。
8. A。happen 意为“发生”，这里指上面广告中提到的“快速学好英语这样事情是决不会发生的”。
9. B。children与后面的a small child相对应，指小孩学说母语好。
10. D。think of 意为“想象、想一想”。
11. B。think 意为“思考”，此句意为：谈话用母语，思考用母语。
12. D。practice 意为“练习”。这里说明了孩子学说母语好是因为进行上述大量的练习的结果。
13. A。demand“需要”，句意为：掌握好英语需要大量练习。
14. B。take 意为“花费(时间)”。此句意为：而练习需要付出极大的努力和花费大量的时间。
15. C。这里是说：好教师、录音磁带、书和词典将对学习英语有帮助。但这些都不能代替学生的学习。
第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题l 5分．满分l5分)
这是一篇励志故事。主人决定将掉过井里的驴子用土埋掉。驴子以土为台阶，最后走出井外，得以自救。
16. for。for hours指“几个小时”。
17. covering/to be covered。表示“需要被……”既可以接不定式的被动式，又可以接ing形式的主动式。
18. it。句型be worth it to do…指“值得做……”。
19. what。引导宾语从句。what在从句中作主语。
20. was astonished。“对……感惊讶”：be astonished at
21. that/which。引导定语从句。关系代词that/which在从句中作主语。
22. amazing. 形容词作后置定语，something amazing意为“令人惊讶的事情”。
23. As。意为“随着……”
24. the。特指“井的边缘”。
25. by。介词短语by doing sth.作方式状语。
Ⅱ阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
A. 本文说明了如何激发孩子们对科学的兴趣，从而引导孩子们学习科学。
26. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第3句中的…share your children?s curi osity可推知此题的答案为B。
27. C。推断题。根据文章第1段第6句The children asked me “textbook questions”可推知此题的答案为C。
28. D。推断题。根据文章第4段最后一句When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers 可推知此题的答案。
29. C。归纳题。根据问题的内容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。
30. A。推断题。根据文章内容：从第4段排除C；从文章前3段的内容排除D；从第7段排除B。从而可推知答案为A。
B.本文分析了人口增长的真正原因及美国的老年人问题。
31. C。细节题。根据文章第1 段最后一句…it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion 可推知此题答案为C。
32. B。推断题。根据文章第2 段第4 句…infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child 可推知此题答案为B。
33. A。细节题。根据文章第2 段倒数第2 句In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty 可推知此题答案为A。
34. D。推断题。根据其上文…there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person 可推知此题答案为D。
35. D。推断题。根据文章最后一句…most of them are simply “dumping grounds” for t he dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel 可推知此题答案为D。
C.在孩子成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。父母对孩子的“严”与“松”之间应有一个恰
当的度。关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循,“榜样比说教更有力”。
36．B 推理判断题。根据文章第一自然段开头In bringing up children，every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在父母中就是普遍的，故选B。根据文章第一自然段第二句，选项C。sets up dangerous states of worry in the child是由hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate引起的，“迫不及待地要求孩子做超出其自然成长速度的事情”和“热切地观察孩子学会每一项新技能”显然不是一
回事，作者对后者没有否定之意，所以A不对。根据文章第一自然段末句，选项取D。will
make him lose interest in learning new things是由a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities引起的。故D也不合文意。
37．C 推理判断题。文章第一自然段第二句It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate，but this can set Up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child，说明在孩子成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。文章第一段末句又说：On the other hand，though，if a child is left alone too much，or without any learning opportunities，he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself，说明对孩子太放任自流同样不利。根据这两方面，应选C，父母对孩子的“严”与“松”之间应有一个恰当的度。
38．C 主旨大意题。文章第二自然段的大意是:“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同”。39．D 词义推测题．四个选项的意思分别是：A. opinion (观点)；B. punishment(惩罚)；C. bebaviour(行为)；D．instruction(说教，源于instruct)。根据文章第三段第三，四句Also，parents should realize that “example is better than precept”．If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(说教)…可以推测，precept应表达与example对立的意思，且与preach是同义词，引语的意思是“榜样比说教更有力”，故选项D为最佳选项。
40．A 推理判断题．根据文章第三自然段第四句，再根据文章最后一段，可以得出结论，关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循，(参见上一小题之解析)，故选A。
D.国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，但由地方当局管理。建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，尤其儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。
41. C。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知，建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，而不是针对所有的人，所以前两项错误。
42. C。细节理解题。根据第4自然段“The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe…”可知。从第二自然段第一句可以看出国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，但由地方当局管理，所以A 项错误。
43. B。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段话“and encouraging GPs to compete for patients”可知政府鼓励全科医生之间相互竞争，而不是让他们进行竞赛，看谁的医术高明。
44. D。猜测词义题。前面提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病需要收费，再结合but一词可推断儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。
45. D。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知。
第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
求助者——提供帮助的人
46. C 关键词：she doesn?t know which bus to take; she does not know words; they could not read。
47. F 关键词：in great need of teacher; knowledge; education。
48. A 关键词：They need someone who can teach them foreign languages; at night; volunteer work; know about China。
49. B 关键词：addicted to on-line games; realizes he is wrong; can?t stop; need help; listen patiently; offer some advice。
50. D 关键词：the starving children; the children are dying because of lack of food。
Ⅲ.写作(共2节，满分40分)
第一节基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)
Building up a Saving Campus
Our school campus is becoming more and more beautiful. But did you notice with the improvement of people?s living standard, how much is wasted on campus? For example, some students leave the lights on in the daytime, water running after washing dishes and in the
dining-hall, you can see a lot of food thrown away every day. The habit of being wasteful has a bad effect on our character since we have to pay for those things wasted, and this adds to our expense. Wha t is worse, we are wasting the earth?s limited resource so it?s high time we dealt with this problem. In my opinion, it is everybody?s duty to save energy and resource so let?s start with ourselves from now on and our society will go on developing and our life will be better.
第二节：读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
Boys and girls,
I am very glad to give you a talk about how to live a healthy life.
We may often be affected by different viruses. However, we can avoid them if we form some good habits, such as eating healthy food, drinking plenty of water, having enough sleep and keeping a positive attitude.
As we all know, viruses can cause several serious diseases, such as the flu and AIDS. So it is necessary for us to form healthy habits to fight against those viruses. There are many good habits. Take my own for example, I drink a glass of milk every morning and do exercise every day after finishing my classes, which can help me build up a strong body. Apart from those, we can also keep away from viruses by having balanced diets; keeping our body clean and living a regular life. To sum up, it is very important for us to form good habits. Let?s defeat viruses together and live a healthy life.
Thank you!
《名师方略》2011高考模拟试题七
Ⅰ、语言知识及应用（共两节；满分45分）
第一节: 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are certain things British men like to believe about themselves. The
first is that one day they will again1the World Cup. They also believe they
do not cry.
Over the centuries, Britons are believed to have a “stiff upper lip”．But is
it true?
Yes, it is. A recent study arranged by Kleenex on how the British express
their emotions2that 95 percent of them still3their emotions.
Moreover, while 72 percent think this is unhealthy,19 percent can?t
remember the last time they “let it out”．As a result, Kleenex is4the “Let
It Out” campaign that5Britons to grab a tissue and have a good cry.
These days, however, the male Briton?s6toward crying is changing. Though the majority still7to open up emotionally, a 2004 study by Oxford?s Social Issues Research Center found that 77 percent of British men considered crying in public increasingly8.Half of London
males9crying in front of their mothers. Scotsmen are the least emotional, although they are most10to cry at weddings.
Peter Marsh, director of the center, said：“Crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than 11.Like David Beckham, crying because you?re dropping off your boy at nursery isn?t seen as weak.”
Winston Churchill was said to be a12crier, shedding tears at seeing a survivor in an air raid shelter (防空洞),and when he saw his wife after a long13.
Psychologists say that while society has accepted that men can cry, there are14.Ronald Bracey, a consulting psychologist, said：“If a man began to cry when he was having stitches (缝针) in hospital, he would be15as a weak man. Men still need to be seen as strong when it comes to physical pain.”
1．A. win B．defeat C．own D．receive
2．A. requires B．insists C．exhibits D．reveals
3．A. conduct B．expose C．contain D．construct
4．A. carrying B．studying C．starting D．calling 5．A．persuades B．allows C．orders D．encourages 6．A. attitude B．face C．idea D．impression
7. A. frightens B．struggles C．fights D．breaks 8．A．unimaginable B．unbelievable C．acceptable D．shameful
9．A. admitted B．adapted C．denied D．supported 10．A. surely B．certainly C．possibly D．likely
11．A. weakness B．strength C．bravery D．horror
12．A. brave B．frequent C．seldom D．kind
13．A. absence B．presence C．battle D．reserve 14．A．expectations B．limits C．rules D．exceptions 15．A. classified B．insisted C. considered D．imagined
第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为l6-25的相应位置上。Long ago the Emperor decided to hold a swimming race between 13 different animals. The order in which they finished would decide the order of their 16 (appear) in the Chinese calendar. All the animals lined up on the river bank and 17 (give) the task of getting to the opposite shore. The cat wondered how he would get across 18 he was afraid of water. The ox worried how he would cross 19 his poor eyesight. The calculating rat suggested that he and the cat 20 (jump) onto the ox's back and guide him across. The ox, steady and hard-working, did not notice the two animals on his back. In the meanwhile, the rat ran behind the unsuspecting cat and pushed 21 into the water. As the ox came ashore, the rat jumped off and finished the race first.
22 the rat got the first year 23 (name) after him and the ox got the second year. 24 the lazy pig reached the finish line in 12th place the race was over and he was awarded the final place on the calendar. From that day the cat, 25 never finished and lost his place on the calendar, became the enemy of the rat.
Ⅱ阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The name “cowboy” conjures up many different images from movies, songs and TV. These imagined cowboys range from white-hat-wearing heroes to gun-shooting hooligans(流氓).But,
cowboys are actually real people from US history.
When the US Civil War ended, many soldiers had no place to call home. So, they began to drift to the country?s rural West. Ranchers(农场主) hired these men to take care of the cattle and work around the ranch. When the ranch owner wanted to sell the cattle, the cowboys would round up the herd from the open prairie(牧场) and drive the cattle miles to the market.
With the invention of barbed wire(铁丝网),the cowboy era(1865-1890) began to come to an end. But people in the East had always been curious about their lifestyle. Many country/western songs during this time tried to capture the true cowboy spirit. Newspapers published cowboy tales in serial form and adventure novels followed. The bigger the fiction, the better the sales. These novels often portrayed cowboys as cruel and violent men. Cowboys carried the bad reputation for many years afterwards.
When movies began to be popular in the 1920s, the cowboy image changed again. Now, a cowboy became the great white knight(骑士) that loved his horse more than the beautiful ladies he rescued. As the cowboy of the “Old West” spent more time with his horse than the ladies, this era's image was not entirely false.
Then, in the 50s, Hollywood began producing so-called “spaghetti westerns(意大利西部片)”.They earned the nickname because Italian companies financed the films and TV shows. This started the decade?s “Cowboy Craze”. While this didn?t last long, it made modern country / western music, fashion and dance extremely popular.
In recent years, with the help of musicians, radio stations and bars, cowboy nostalgia(怀旧情绪) has returned. Even though his image is still changing — somewhere between ballad singing country boy and bar room fighter —there?s one thing for sure, you can?t keep the cowboy down..
26. The purpose of this story is to _____________.
A. introduce cowboy movies and novels
B. introduce various productions associated with cowboys
C. show the cowboy's everlasting charm
D. i nform us about the cowboy?s spirit
27. Before they became cowboys, they ______________.
A. served in the army
B. worked as bar-room fighters
C. owned ranches
D. were adventurous explorers
28. During “the cowboy era” ment ioned in the story, ______________.
A. the cowboy often came to the rescue of ladies in newspaper tales
B. the distant Wild West appealed to people in the East
C. cowboys were shown as cruel and violent men on the silver screen
D. country music started the cowboy craze which swept the whole country
29. By saying “you can?t keep the cowboy down”, the writer means that ______________.
A. cowboys are real people in history
B. cowboys still fascinate people
C. you can't make cowboys unhappy
D. you can?t grasp the cowboy spirit
30. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?
A. The cowboy has been presented in different lights in different eras.
B. Cowboys are gun-shooting hooligans, without doubt.
C. Cowboys have always been a passing phenomenon.
D. Cowboys enjoy Italian foods, for example, spaghetti.
B
Move Earth —it’s no science fiction
LONDON — Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets（彗星）in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration（NASA）engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet —effectively doubling its working life.
The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
“Earth?s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun,” Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated.
In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere（生物圈）— by cooking us.
That?s w hy the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation（误算）in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.
There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position it is “most likely the Moon would be stripped away from Earth,” it states. This would greatly change our planet?s climate.
31. What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?
A. A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.
B. Earth?s working life is coming to an end soon.
C. Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.
D. The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.
32. If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of ______years.
A.12 billion
B.6 billion
C.18 billion
D.24 billion
33. What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?
A. The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.
B. Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.
C. The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.
D. Earth?s worki ng life might be greatly shortened.
34. What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?
A. provide
B. benefit
C. share
D. endanger
35. Which of the following best shows how the plan would work?
C
June 26, 2000 — the Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic(遗传的) map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities(团体) are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. But those communities and policy(政策) makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.
For the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology(生物技术) have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination.
While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding(解码) human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal(致命的)diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes(基因) connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.
Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections(传染), and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.
36. Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome?
A. Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses.
B. Because the human genome's completion can help them get rid of many diseases.
C. Because they wanted to be better known than others.
D. Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.
37. Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world?
A. Japan.
B. Germany.
C. The United States.
D. China.
38. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses.
B. The scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers.
C. Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map.
D. The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century.
39. The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause _______.
A. the policy makers to feel very worried and careful
B. the scientists to work harder
C. many people to find work easily
D. a lot of companies to produce many new drugs
40. The main idea of this article is about _______.
A. unlocking genetic code
B. the genes' discovery
C. the great human genome
D. the genes and the scientists
D
In a few years, you might be able to speak Chinese, Korean, Japanese, French, and English — and all at the same time. This sounds incredible, but Alex Waibel, a computer science professor at US's Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Germany's University of Karlsruhe, announced last week that it may soon be reality. He and his team have invented software and hardware that could make it far easier for people who speak different languages to understand each other.
One application, called Lecture Translation, can easily translate a speech from one language into another. Current translation technologies typically limit speakers to certain topics or a limited vocabulary. Users also have to be trained how to use the programme.
Another prototype(雏形机) can send translations of a speech to different listeners depending on what language they speak. “It is like having a simultaneous translator right next to you but without disturbing the person next to you,” Waibel said.
Prefer to read? So-called Translation Glasses transcribe(转录) the translations on a tiny liquid-crystal(液晶) display(LCD) screen.
Then there?s the Muscle Translator. Electrodes capture the electrical signals from facial muscle movements made naturally when a person is mouthing words. The signals are then translated into speech. The electrodes could be replaced with wireless chips implanted in a person's face, according to researchers.
During a demonstration held last Thursday in CMU's Pittsburgh campus, a Chinese student named Stan Jou had 11 tiny electrodes attached to the muscles of his cheeks, neck and throat. Then he mouthed — without speaking aloud — a few words in Mandarin(普通话) to the audience. A few seconds later, the phrase was displayed on a computer screen and spoken out by the computer in English and Spanish: “Let me introduce our new prototype.”
This particular gadget(器械),when fully developed, might allow anyone to speak in any number of languages or, as Waibel put it, “to switch your mouth to a foreign language”. “The idea behind the university's prototypes is to create …good enough? bridges for cross-cultural exchanges that a re becoming more common in the world,” Waibel said.
With spontaneous(自发的) translators, foreign drivers in Germany could listen to traffic warnings on the radio, tourists in China could read all the signs and talk with local people, and leaders of different countries could have secret talks without any interpreters there.
41. Which of the following statements is not TRUE?
A. A lecture translation can translate what you said into other languages easily.
B. There is no Muscle Translator in the world now.
C. Muscle Translators can translate what you think into speech if you just move your mouth.
D. The spontaneous translators will help us a lot.
42. What kind of equipment is NOT mentioned in this passage?
A. Lecture Translation.
B. Muscle Translator.
C. Multiple Translator.
D. Translation Prototype.
43. What?s the final destination of inventing the language translators?
A. To make cultural exchanges between different countries easier.
B. To help students learn foreign languages more easily.
C. To make people live in foreign countries more comfortably.
D. To help people learn more foreign languages in the future.
44. What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph?
A. The translator is so good that it can translate any language into the very language you
need.
B. The translator is becoming more and more common in the world as a bridge.
C. With the help of the translator, you only need to open your mouth when you want to say
something without saying the exact words at all.
D. The translator needs to be improved before being put into market.
45. Where can this passage probably be excerpted from?
A. A newspaper.
B. A magazine on science.
C. A fairy tale.
D. A scientific fantasy book.
第二节信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
The people below are all looking for a hotel in Scotland for their holidays. After the description of these people, there is information about six Scotland hotels A—F. Decide which hotel would be most suitable for the people mentioned in questions 46—50
A．Edinburgh. Post House
A popular base for visitors to Edinburgh, this fine hotel stands next to the zoological Gardens within easy reach of the many famous sights, shops and entertainments of one of Europe?s most elegant capitals.
B．Gatehouse of Fleet. Cally Hotel
This impressive hotel, well-known for its good Scottish cooking, is an ideal choice for a relaxing family holiday. Set in 100 acres of private grounds, the Cally, a former stately home, has something for everyone including its own fishing lake, outdoor heated
swimming pool, green lawn, tennis court, children?s playground and sauna baths. C．Glenborrodale. Glenborrodale Castle Hotel
There can be few better places for a refreshing holiday than this picturesque hotel set in its own 120 acres of beautiful countryside by charming Lake Sunart on the Ardnamurchan Peninsular （半岛）. Boating and fishing are both available here.
D．Inverness. Royal Hotel!
A unique feature of the Royal is its fine collection of antique furniture, china and glass. This friendly comfortable hotel, a favourite meeting place for the townspeople, is an excellent base for getting to know the Highlands-Lake Ness, Great Gien and Culloden Moor are all within easy reach.
E．Peebles. Tontine Hotel
The Tontine had a fascinating beginning-it was built in 1808. This homely hotel has been extended to make it a really comfortable base for exploring the Tweed Valley and the attractive Lowland country.
F．North Berwick. Marine Hotel
This fine hotel overlooks the famous West Links golf course and is close to several sandy beaches. The Marine has its own open-air swimming pool and putting green as well as tennis courts, squash courts and saunas. Edinburgh, well-know for its art festivals, is only some 24 miles away.
46．Two women friends who want to do several all-day hikes in the mountains during the spring. They like a place with traditional decorations and superb views
47．A woman with two children aged six and ten, who will spend July in Scotland. The children are interested in animals and plants and the mother enjoys fashions.
48．A handicapped lawyer who must use a wheelchair but drives her own car. She enjoys concerts, museums, fine architecture and swimming. She will spend the first two weeks of October in Scotland.
49．A writer, a teacher and their one-year-old daughter. They want to be in a quiet place during August. They enjoy good food, and like to take long walks(the baby rides in a back-pack.) 50．An old couple, aged 65 and 68. They love mountain scenery and still take easy walks by the lakeside when they can. They hope to enjoy fresh air and some relaxing activities.
Ⅲ.写作(共2节，满分40分)
第一节基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)
【写作情景】
假如你是李明，你跟你的朋友Paul聊天，他表示学习压力很大，请你给他写封信，给他提一些建议。
【写作内容】
1．将自己的问题告诉老师和同学，请求得到他们的帮助。
2．不要总想着考试成绩，要多想想自己在哪些方面进步了，这样就会给自己自信。
3．多做运动，运动可以帮助自己缓解压力，并且有助于睡眠。
4．你对他的祝福。
【写作要求】
用五句话表达全部的内容，并组成一篇连贯的短文。（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入
句数。）
【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
Dear Paul,
I quite sympathize with you and understand the great trouble you are suffering from.
…
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
第二节：读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The "Earth Hour," initiated by the World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) in 2007, calls on families and buildings to turn off the lights for one hour on the last Saturday night of March.
In Beijing, like other 4000 cities in the world, the Forbidden City, at 8:30 p.m, the "Bird Nest", the "Water Cubic", and Olympic venues, went dark for the "Earth Hour", together with world-famous landmarks like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Empire State Building in New York.
On the Bayi Square of Nanchang, capital city of China's southern Jiangxi province, the soaring flurescent (荧光的）kites lit up the dark skyline while other decorative lights went off during the "Earth Hour".
In Xi'an, capital of northwestern Shanxi Province, volunteers gathered Saturday night to promote low-carbon activities in the north square of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, the city's 1400-year-old landmark Buddhist pagoda which went dark during the "Earth Hour".
In eastern Nanjing City, more than 400 buildings have taken part in the event, according to a local official in charge of city lighting.
In eastern Hangzhou, a one-hour "dark party" was held to go with the campaign near the Leifeng Pagoda, the city's iconic tourist attraction located south of the West Lake.
It was reported that more than 33 cities in china joined in the celebration.
[写作内容]
假如社区里将组织了一次以“Save Resources and Love Earth”为主题的宣传活动，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Earth Hour”，内容要点包括：
1. 以约30个词概括上面的这段文字的内容要点；
2. 然后以约120个词就“Earth Hour” 发表看法，内容包括：
(1)你对Earth Hour 活动的看法；
(2)你所见到的现象；
(3)呼吁人们节省能源保护环境。
[写作要求]
1. 可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得引用原文中的句子；
2. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
2021年高考语文高考模拟试题 第I卷(选择题共30分) 一、(12分，每小题3分) 1．下列各组词语中，有两个错别字的一组是 A．会晤明眸皓齿痉孪日臻完善 B．毗邻卑恭屈膝笑靥不卑不抗 C．取缔一语破的矍烁愤世嫉俗 D．挞伐焚膏继晷惬意一蹶不振 2．下列各句中，加红的成语使用恰当的一句是 A．进入高三以来，一向学习成绩平平的陈真特别刻苦，进步很大，真叫人不得不另眼相看。 B．大自然的巧夺天工，造就了如诗如画的美景，置身在这里可以观赏到峥嵘的群峰、莽莽森林、高峡平湖和瀑布的壮美。 C．合理的知识结构应是广博与精专的辩证会，专与博都是相对的，应该相辅相成，协调发展。 D．仿制古画还有一种情形，就是不署姓名，以假乱真，鱼龙混杂，骗取黑钱。 3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是 A．天安门是中国古代建筑的精华，集中体现了中国古代工匠的智慧，可以堪称世界建筑艺术的精品。 B．事情发生后，厂领导非常重视，立即同党支部研究，决定对这个问题进行一次教育。 C．这种有工人、干部和技术参加的三结合小组是推动技术革新、密切干群联系、促进相互学习的一种重要途径。 D．文化素养的深厚对科学研究是会有好处的，更不用说对人的全面发展了。 4．填入下面横线处的句子，与上下文衔接最恰当的一组是 课外阅读，要提倡学生自选自读，________，________，________，________，________，________，这样自由自在地看才有味道。 ①好比在夏季夜晚看星星②不必提出过于严格的要求③那么多的星星爱看哪颗看哪颗 ④教师的指导只起引路的作用⑤有的可以盯住它仔细琢磨⑥有的可以漫不经心一扫而过 A．②①③⑥⑤④ B．①②④③⑥⑤ C．⑤⑥②④①③ D．④②①③⑤⑥
2019 年各地高考模拟卷古达诗歌赏析试题汇编 （湘潭市2019届高三第三次模拟）阅读下面这首金诗，完成1～2 题。 甲午除夜① 元好问 暗中人事忽推迁，坐守寒灰望复燃。已恨太官余麯饼②，争教汉水入胶船 ③？神功圣德三千牍，大定明昌④五十年。 甲子两周今日尽，空将衰泪洒吴天。 【注】① 金天兴三年（1234 年）一月十日，金哀宗在蒙古与南宋的夹击之下，自缢身死。除夕之夜，元好问被蒙古军羁押在山东聊城，独坐斗室之中，感慨万千，写下了此诗。② 麯饼：《晋书·愍帝纪》：“京师饥甚，太仓有麯数十饼，麴允屑为粥以供帝。”③ 胶船：传说周昭王南攻楚国，准备渡过汉水，当地人以胶粘船以进，至中流，胶溶船解，周昭王遂滑水而死。④ 大定明昌：是金鼎盛时期。 1.下列对这首诗的赏析，不正确的一项是（3 分） A. 首句中的“人事”“推迁”表现了金朝灭亡的事实，“忽”字表现了其灭亡速度之快。 B. 第二句，“坐守”表现了诗人被羁押的处境，又运用比喻表现了诗人的强烈愿望。 C. 颔联用典，用“已恨”“争教”联结，以晋愍帝和周昭王类比哀宗；痛切之感，溢于言表。 D. 颈联回顾了全盛时期的金朝；“三千牍”言哀宗功绩已记载于史册，“五十年”言时间之久长。 2.后人评价元好问的诗歌“笔笔皆为血泪，字字饱含悲愤”。请结合本诗简要概括。（6 分） （长郡中学2019届高三高考模拟押题卷）阅读下面这首汉诗，完成3～4 题。 秋风辞 ① 刘彻 秋风起兮白云飞，草木黄落兮雁南归。 兰有秀兮菊有芳，怀佳人兮不能忘。 泛楼船兮济汾河，横中流兮扬素波。 箫鼓鸣兮发棹歌，欢乐极兮哀情多。 少壮几时兮奈老何！ 注①：刘彻即汉武帝，公元113 年，汉武帝刘彻带领群臣到河东郡汾阳县祭祀后土，途闻南征将士喜报，进而“顾祝帝京，忻然中流，与群臣宴饮，自作《秋风辞》”。 3．下面对诗歌的赏析，错误的一项是（3 分） A. 开篇二句以秋日最具特色的四个意象点明了季节时令特点，色彩斑斓，动静结合，勾勒出了一个清旷幽远、萧瑟凄凉的意境，奠定了全诗的情感基调。 B. 五、六、七句铺写诗人与群臣共同宴游的场景，“泛、济、横、扬、鸣、发”等动作一一排列开来，将“忻然中流”的热烈场面彩绘得声情并茂。
【典型题】数学高考模拟试题(带答案) 一、选择题 1．已知长方体的长、宽、高分别是3，4，5，且它的8个顶点都在同一球面上，则这个球的表面积是（ ） A ．25π B ．50π C ．125π D ．都不对 2．()22 x x e e f x x x --=+-的部分图象大致是（ ） A ． B ． C ． D ． 3．设集合M={1，2，4，6，8},N={1，2，3，5，6，7},则M ?N 中元素的个数为( ) A ．2 B ．3 C ．5 D ．7 4．设01p <<，随机变量ξ的分布列如图，则当p 在()0,1内增大时，（ ） ξ 0 1 2 P 12 p - 12 2 p A ．()D ξ减小 B ．()D ξ增大 C ．() D ξ先减小后增大 D ．()D ξ先增大后减小 5．设集合{1,2,3,4,5,6}U =，{1,2,4}A =，{2,3,4}B =，则()C U A B ?等于（ ） A ．{5,6} B ．{3,5,6} C ．{1,3,5,6} D ．{1,2,3,4} 6．已知a 与b 均为单位向量，它们的夹角为60?，那么3a b -等于（ ） A 7B 10 C 13 D ．4 7．函数()ln f x x x =的大致图像为 （ ）
A ． B ． C ． D ． 8．已知复数 ，则复数在复平面内对应的点位于（ ） A ．第一象限 B ．第二象限 C ．第三象限 D ．第四象限 9．已知双曲线C ：22221x y a b -= (a ＞0，b ＞0)的一条渐近线方程为5 2 y x =，且与椭圆 22 1123x y +=有公共焦点，则C 的方程为（ ） A ．221810 x y -= B ．22145 x y -= C ．22 154 x y -= D ．22 143 x y -= 10．已知非零向量AB 与AC 满足 0AB AC BC AB AC ?? ?+?= ? ?? 且1 2AB AC AB AC ?=，则ABC 的形状是（ ） A ．三边均不相等的三角形 B ．等腰直角三角形 C ．等边三角形 D ．以上均有可能 11．已知ABC 为等边三角形，2AB =，设P ，Q 满足AP AB λ=， ()()1AQ AC λλ=-∈R ，若3 2 BQ CP ?=-，则λ=（ ） A ． 12 B 12 ± C 110 ± D ． 32 2 ± 12．设集合(){} 2log 10M x x =-<，集合{} 2N x x =≥-，则M N ?=（ ）
高二政治文化生活试题 1．（2018陕西榆林二模，19）知识不仅可以改变个人命运，更可以推进民族复兴进程：国产大飞机飞天、国产航母下水、天舟翱翔太空、量子通信惊艳全球…这是知识的价值，照亮了我国的发展前景。材料表明 ①文化是综合国力竞争的重要因素②文化的力量集中表现为民族精神的力量 ③文化日益成为经济社会发展的重要支撑④文化对经济发展起推动作用 A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．（2018山东滩坊二模，19）十九大报告指出，文化是一个国家、一个民族的灵魂。文化承载着民族发展的血脉，是构筑民族精神的基石，也是衡量一个国家软实力和综合国力的重要指标。这表明 ①一个民族的崛起必然伴随着文化上的崛起 ②文化兴则国运兴，文化强则民族强 ③文化自信是更基本、更深沉、更持久的力量 ④文化是一个国家持久发展的不竭动力 A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 3．（2018四川成都二诊，20）电影《厉害了，我的国》将自党的十八大以来中国的发展和成就首次以纪录片的形式呈现在大银幕上。该电影对中国桥、中国路、中国车、中国港、中国网等举世瞩目的成就加以集中展现，用影像定格属于中国的每一个辉煌瞬间，传递中国力量，为观众带来视觉与心灵的双重震撼。这说明，优秀文艺作品可以 ①见证时代发展脉动，滋养人们的精神世界 ②激发人们爱国情怀，直接转化为物质力量 ③莫定民族立业根基，增强全民族创造活力 ④凝聚民族精神与力量，砥砺人们奋勇前行 A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④ 4．（2018山东济南二模，19）“中国正流行，经典咏流传”，《经典咏流传》将中华经典的诗词文化与电视媒介、网络平台有机结合，兼顾诗词文化上的意境悠远和表现形式的通俗易懂。经典传唱人结合自身的音乐风格，将经典诗词转化为优美的歌曲，用现代的唱法和曲调来演绎传统经典，引起了广大观众的积极反响和强烈共鸣。该节目的成功之处在于 ①运用大众传媒，赋予传统文化以新的时代内涵 ②对优秀传统文化进行创造性转化和创新性发展 ③树立文化自信，增强世界各国对中华文化的认同 ④加强中外文化交流，提升中华文化的国际影响力 A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 5．（2018湖北四月调研，19）在2017年“中国白”国际陶瓷艺术大奖赛中，一批以德化白瓷为材料，以德化传统烧制技艺制作的当代艺术品脱颖而出。这些作品既有德化白瓷特有的美感，又有许多有别于传统的现代创新元素。中外艺术家们互相启发创作灵感、切磋陶艺，将历史悠久的德化陶瓷推向一个新的艺术高度。这启示我们，发展传统技艺
语文语文高考模拟试题（第一部分） 第I卷（45分） 一、(18分，每小题3分) 1．下列词语中红色的字，读音全正确的一项是 A．思忖(cǔn) 摒(bìn)除瞠(chēng)目结舌B．毗(bǐ)邻痉(jìng)挛大吹大擂(léi) C．重创(chuāng) 渐(jiān)染北门锁钥(yuè) D．炽(chì)热龟(jūn)裂韦(wěi)编三绝 2．下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是 A．防碍一如继往怨天忧人同病相怜B．申辩无与伦比乌烟瘴气炉火纯青C．舶来品姗姗来迟箭拔弩张合盘托出D．厮杀含贻弄孙不尽情理急不可耐3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，恰当的一组是 ①他一腔怒火无从______，他不知该恨那些真正的毒品犯，还是美国的法律，或者是他自己。 ②别看敌人设下了封锁线，但沂蒙山区这么大，五万多敌人分成十路拉网，网上的洞眼也就多了。我们从敌人的________ 冲出去，突围反扫荡一定能成功。 ③尽管已近半百，但长期坚持锻炼，她的________保持得很好，从后面看，还真像是二十几岁的姑娘。 A．爆发结合部体型B．爆发接合部体形C．暴发结合部体形D．暴发接合部体型4．下列各句中，红色的成语使用恰当的一句是 A．她洗过脸，对着镜子重新在脸上敷粉，镜子里的女人依然唇红齿白，但眼角眉梢已经给人以明日黄花之感。 B．沉寂的文坛开始活跃，僵冻的大地万物复苏。文坛上百花齐放的盛景已经屈指可数。 C．对照原片，你会发现新拍片有很大的局限性，演员的表演也差强人意。 D．他们根据那位青年提供的线索，先找到张某，要他供出酒是从哪儿贩来的，再缘木求鱼，终于找到了制造假酒的黑窝。 5．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是 A.我们要贴近受众去进行播讲，要像在家里和自己的亲人、朋友交谈一样，切忌不可以有凛然不可侵犯的装出来的声威，我们不是坐在衙门里升堂的老爷…… B.一个人如果在6岁之前还没有享受到幸福，那他这一辈子恐怕就无法享受到幸福了。这句话听起来有些荒唐，但仔细品味一下，也不是没有道理。 C.不久前我到南京采访，垂询接待我的人，得到的答复是先生健康并且在学术上仍很活跃。 D.可是，郑其带来的消息无疑像在处里投下一颗重磅炸弹，而且整个政治部都像传染了股票病，人心方寸大乱。 6．依次填入横线处的语句，与上下文语意连贯、衔接恰当的一项是 ①鸟和花虽有连带关系, _______________________, 惟有杜鹃确是两者同名，最为难得。 ①住宅的寒伧，_______________________ ，衣料的粗陋，都使她苦恼。 A．①然而花有花名，鸟有鸟名，几乎没有一个是雷同的②黯淡的墙壁，破旧的家具 B．①然而鸟有鸟名，花有花名，几乎没有一个是雷同的②墙壁的黯淡，家具的破旧 C．①然而花有花名，鸟有鸟名，几乎没有一个是雷同的②墙壁的黯淡，家具的破旧 D．①然而鸟有鸟名，花有花名，几乎没有一个是雷同的②黯淡的墙壁，破旧的家具 二、(15分，每小题3分) 阅读下面的文言文，回答7一ll题。 王粲字仲宣，山阳高平人也。献帝西迁，粲徙长安，左中郎将蔡邕见而奇之。时邕才学显著，贵重朝廷，常车骑填巷，宾客盈坐。闻粲在门，倒屣迎之。粲至，年既幼弱，容状短小，一坐尽惊。邕曰：“此王公孙也，有异才，吾不如也。吾家书籍文章，尽当与之。”年十七，司徒辟，诏除黄门侍郎，以西京扰乱，皆不就。乃之荆州依刘表。表以粲貌寝而体弱通侻，不甚重也。表卒，粲劝表子琮，令归太祖。太祖辟为丞相椽，赐爵关内
《红楼梦》名著阅读高考模拟题汇编 《红楼梦》是高中必读名著，是近年来的高考热点。了解高考怎么考，对阅读可以起到风向标作用。许多高考题，设计十分巧妙，简直可以当做导读来用。 近年来一些优秀的阅读题汇编如下，按照难易程度排序，你能答对几道题呢？ 1.2008年江苏卷 《红楼梦》中写道：“都道是金玉良姻，俺只念木石前盟。”请说说“金玉良姻”“木石前盟”的含义。 【参考答案】“金玉良缘”指薛宝钗有金锁，贾宝玉有宝玉，两人应结成姻缘。“木石前盟”指林黛玉前生为绛珠仙草，贾宝玉前生为神瑛侍者，两者有恩有义，今世应结成姻缘。 2.2011年江苏卷 《红楼梦》判词：“枉自温柔和顺，空云似桂如兰。堪羡优伶有福，谁知公子无缘。”判词所指是谁？“优伶”和“公子”指小说中的哪两个人物？ 【参考答案】袭人；蒋玉菡、贾宝玉。 3.2012年江苏卷 “若问渠侬多少恨，数完庭榭堕飘花。一声你好香消散，别院笙箫月影斜。”这首诗末两句写了《红楼梦》中哪两件事？前一件事发生在大观园中的什么地方？ 【参考答案】黛玉辞世；宝玉、宝钗成亲；潇湘馆。 4.2013年江苏高考 《红楼梦》中，抄检大观园时，在入画的箱子里寻出一大包金银锞子、一副玉带板子和一包男人的靴袜等物；在司棋的箱子里发现一双男子的锦带袜、一双缎鞋和一个小包袱，包袱里有一个同心如意和她表弟潘又安写的大红双喜笺。
入画和司棋分别是谁的丫鬟？在处置入画和赶走司棋时，她们的主子各是什么态度？ 【参考答案】惜春、迎春；惜春的态度是“立逼凤姐带了去”，“或打或杀或卖”，“一概不管”。迎春的态度是“含泪”劝司棋离开。 5.2014年江苏高考 《红楼梦》不同的版本中，凹晶馆联诗一回，黛玉的名句，一为“冷月葬花魂”，一为“冷月葬诗魂”。请从小说情节和主题两个方面，分别说明“葬花魂”与“葬诗魂”的依据。 【参考答案】“葬花魂”的依据：小说中有黛玉葬花的重要情节；表达女性精神在一个时代的毁灭。“葬诗魂”的依据：小说中多有黛玉吟诗的情节；表达对诗意消亡的哀悼。 6.2015年江苏高考 在《红楼梦》第四十回“史太君两宴大观园，金鸳鸯三宣牙牌令”中，鸳鸯说：“天天咱们说，外头老爷们吃酒吃饭，都有一个篾片相公，拿他取笑儿。咱们今儿也得了一个女篾片了。”鸳鸯她们要取笑的“女篾片”指谁？ 请结合本回情节，归纳她的性格特征。 【参考答案】刘姥姥。朴实善良，善解人意；老于世故，精明狡黠；幽默风趣，性格诙谐；顺从讨好，偶有反抗。 7.2017年北京高考 请从《红楼梦》中的林黛玉、薛宝钗、史湘云、香菱之中选择一人，用一种花比喻她，并简要陈述这样比喻的理由。要求：依据原著，自圆其说。 8.2018年北京高考 从《红楼梦》《呐喊》《平凡的世界》中选择一个既可悲又可叹的人物，简述这个人物形象。要求：符合原著故事情节。150-200字。 9.2020年东城一模
课标全国卷数学高考模拟试题精编（一） 【说明】 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，满分150分．考试时间120分钟．请将第Ⅰ卷的答案填入答题栏内，第Ⅱ卷可在各题后直接作答. 题号 一 二 三 选做题 总分 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 得分 第Ⅰ卷 (选择题 共60分) 一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．) 1．已知复数z ＝ 2i 1＋i ，z 的共轭复数为z ，则z ·z ＝( ) A ．1－i B ．2 C ．1＋i D ．0 2．(理)条件甲：??? 2＜x ＋y ＜40＜xy ＜3；条件乙：??? 0＜x ＜1 2＜y ＜3，则甲是乙的( ) A ．充要条件 B ．充分而不必要条件 C ．必要而不充分条件 D ．既不充分也不必要条件 (文)设α，β分别为两个不同的平面，直线l ?α，则“l ⊥β”是“α⊥β”成立的( ) A ．充分不必要条件 B ．必要不充分条件 C ．充要条件 D ．既不充分也不必要条件 3．某程序框图如图所示，该程序运行后输出的k 的值是( )
A．4 B．5 C．6 D．7 4．(理)下列说法正确的是() A．函数f(x)＝1 x在其定义域上是减函数 B．两个三角形全等是这两个三角形面积相等的必要条件 C．命题“?x∈R，x2＋x＋1＞0”的否定是“?x∈R，x2＋x＋1＜0”D．给定命题p、q，若p∧q是真命题，则綈p是假命题 (文)若cos θ 2＝ 3 5，sin θ 2＝－ 4 5，则角θ的终边所在的直线为() A．7x＋24y＝0 B．7x－24y＝0 C．24x＋7y＝0 D．24x－7y＝0 5．如图是依据某城市年龄在20岁到45岁的居民上网情况调查而绘制的频率分布直方图，现已知年龄在[30,35)、[35,40)、[40,45]的上网人数呈现递减的等差数列分布，则年龄在[35,40)的网民出现的频率为() A．0.04 B．0.06 C．0.2 D．0.3
咼考语文模拟试题（含答案） 第I卷（选择题共42 分） 一、（18分，每小题3分） 1.下列词语中加点的字的读音完全相同的一组是 A.清澈覆辙撤除风驰电掣天寒地坼 B.饯别践约兽槛剑拔弩张前车之鉴 C.蓦然膜拜抹杀漠不关心秣马厉兵 D.缜密箴言甄别臻于致治忠贞不渝 2.下列词语中没有错别字的一组是 A . 荟萃致理名言步入正规大坝合龙 B . 申张梦寐已求优柔寡断分内之事 C.信笺犄角之势绵里藏针粮食歉收 D.撕打心猿意马文过饰非人间心酸 3?依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是 （1）_________________________________________________________ ?由于拥有巨大的财富，犹太人牢牢地在美国主流社会中__________________________________ 着重要一席，直接影响 甚至左右着美国历届政府的中东政策。 （2）?在今年抗击非典斗争中，许多年轻的恋人因为工作需要_分开，原定的婚礼被推 迟。 （3）.目前中小学生的课外活动并不十分充足，但仍然让他们期待，_课外活动使孩子 们的业余生活变得更有意义了。 （4）?完颜阿骨打（金朝的开创者）一生驰骋疆场，为女贞族的统一与发展建立了不朽的_。A.占有暂且终究功绩B. 占据暂时毕竟功勋 C.占有暂时毕竟功绩 D. 占据暂且终究功勋 4.下列句子中标点符号的使用，正确的一句是 A.细细的秋雨——大约是今年的最后一场雨了吧——在窗外静静地飘洒着。 B.写什么景？怎样写景？为什么写景？是我们阅读分析散文时应注意的问题。 C.“黯然销魂者，唯别而已矣，”谣想古人送别也是一种雅人深致。 D.抓住学习的四个环节，（预习、听讲、复习、作业）是提高学习成绩的有效途径。 5.下列各句中加点的成语使用不恰当的一句是 A.在第七届农运会开幕式上，各民族运动员跳起特色不同的、风情各异的舞蹈或表演富 有特色的文体节目，令人耳目?一新..。
高考模拟试题汇编理综二高考模拟试题汇编西 藏人民出版社 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB- BWYTT-19998
高考模拟试题汇编
图书在版编目(CIP)数据 高考模拟试题汇编/《高考模拟试题汇编》编写组编. —拉萨:西藏人民出版社, ISBN7-223-01581-0 Ⅰ.高? Ⅱ.高? Ⅲ.化学(2)课—高中—习题—升学参考资料IV.G634 中国版本图书馆C IP数据核字(2003)第039452 号 高考模拟试题汇编(化学(2)) ———天利38 套高考模拟试题 作者《高考模拟试题汇编》编写组 责任编辑李海平 封面设计天利 出版西藏人民出版社 社址拉萨市林廓北路20 号邮政编码850000 北京发行部:100027 北京4717 信箱 电话:010 -、 印刷北京市金顺印刷厂 经销全国新华书店 开本8 开(787× 1092 毫米) 字数千 印张 版次2003 年7月第1 版第1次印刷 标准书号ISBN7-223-01581-0/ G·675 定价14 .80 元 版权所有侵权必究
福州市高三质量检测11A 理科综合 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,满分300分,考试时间150分钟。 相对原子质量:-1C-12N-14O-16F-19Na-23 Si-28P-31S-32Cu-64 第Ⅰ卷 本卷共22题,每题6分,共132分。在下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目的 1.在下列现象中,通过食物链而引起生态危机的是 () A.酸雨 B.温室效应 C.汞等有毒物质的浓缩 D.氮化物污染 2.英国科学家维尔莫特首次用羊的体细胞(乳腺细胞)成功地克隆出一只小羊,取名为“多莉”,以下 四项中与此方法在本质上最相近的是 () A.将兔的早期胚胎分割后,分别植入两只母兔子宫内,并最终发育成两只一样的兔 B.将人的抗病毒基因嫁接到烟草的DNA分子上,培育出具有抗病毒能力的烟草新品种 C.将鼠骨髓瘤细胞与经过免疫的脾细胞融合成杂交瘤细胞 D.将人的精子与卵细胞在体外受精,待受精卵在试管内发育到囊胚期时,再植入女性 子宫内发 育成“试管婴儿” 3.切除某动物的垂体后,血液中 () A.生长激素减少,甲状腺激素也减少 B.生长激素减少,甲状腺激素增加 C.生长激素增加,甲状腺激素也增加 D.生长激 素增加,甲状腺激素减少 4.把青蛙和小白鼠从25℃的室温中移至5℃的环境中,这两种动物的需氧量的变化是 () A.两种动物的耗氧量都减少 B.两种动物的耗氧量都增加 C.青蛙的耗氧量减少,小白鼠耗氧量增加 D.青蛙 的耗氧量增加,小白鼠耗氧量减少 5.图11-1是某二倍体(2N)动物体内有关细胞分裂的一组图像,下列说法正确的是 () 图11-1 A.动物睾丸中不可能同时出现上图所示细胞的①②③④ B.减数第一次分裂结束时染色体数目减半,所以次级性母细胞的染色体数始终为N条 C.上图所示的细胞中有8条染色单体的是①②③ D.上图所示的细胞中具有同源染色体的细胞只有①②③ 6.生活中的一些问题常涉及化学知识,下列叙述正确的是 () A.蚕丝、棉花和人造羊毛的主要成分都是纤维素 B.纯净的碳酸钡可作为医用“钡餐” C.酒厂可用工业酒精勾兑白酒 D.福尔马林是一种良好的杀菌剂,但是不能用来消毒饮用水7.有 M、R两种主族元素,已知M 2-离子与R+离子核外电子数之和为20,则下列说法不正确的 是 () A.M与子数之和一定等于19 B.M、R可能分别处于第二周期和第三周期 C.M、R可能分别处于第三周期和第二周期 D.M与R 的质子数之差可能等于7 8.将40℃的饱和硫酸铜溶液升温至50℃,或者温度仍保持在40℃加入少量无水硫酸铜,在这 两种 情况下均保持不变的是 () A.硫酸铜的溶解度 B.溶液中溶质的质量分数 C.溶液的质量 D.溶液中C u2+的数目 9.下列实验能够实现的是 () 蒸干在空气中完全燃烧 A.氯化铝溶液无水氯化铝 B.金属钠氧化钠 加入过量铁粉电解 C.硫酸铁溶液硫酸亚铁溶液 D.氯化镁溶液金属镁 10.如图11-2,液面上浮着一个空心铁球,数天后可观察到的现象是() ①铁球表面出现红色锈斑 ②铁球表面出现黑色锈斑 ③量筒内水位下降④量筒内水位上 升 A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④ 11.能在无色水溶液中大量共存的离子组是() +、Fe3+、Cl-、SCN-B.H+、Fe2+、ClO-、NO - 图11-2 A.Na 3 C.K+、Al3+、AlO-、S2- D.Mg2+、N H+、SO2-、Br 244 - 12.生物降解塑料能在微生物的作用下降解成二氧化碳和水,从而消除废弃塑 CH3CH2O 料对环境的污染。PHB塑料就属于这种塑料,其结构简式为? O CH C n 下面有关P H B的说法正确的是 () A.P HB是分子晶体,有固定的熔点 B.P HB的降解过程不需要氧气参加反应 C.合成P HB的单体是C H3C H2CH(O H)COOH D.通过加聚反应 可以制得P HB 催化剂 13.对可逆反应:2SO2(气)+O2(气)2SO3(气)(正反应为放热反应),下列判断正确的是 △ () A.2m o 量氧气反应可生成2molSO3 B.当S O2消耗速率等于O2生成速率时,反应达到化学平衡状态 C.当S O2 转化率不再改变时,反应达到化学平衡状态D.增大压强或者升高温 度,平衡都会向正反应方向移动
2019-2020数学高考模拟试题(附答案) 一、选择题 1．设a b ，为两条直线，αβ，为两个平面，下列四个命题中，正确的命题是（ ） A ．若a b ，与α所成的角相等，则a b ∥ B ．若a αβ∥，b ∥，αβ∥，则a b ∥ C ．若a b a b αβ??P ，，，则αβ∥ D ．若a b αβ⊥⊥，，αβ⊥，则a b ⊥r r 2．2 5 32()x x -展开式中的常数项为（ ） A ．80 B ．-80 C ．40 D ．-40 3．如果 4 2 π π α<< ，那么下列不等式成立的是（ ） A ．sin cos tan ααα<< B ．tan sin cos ααα<< C ．cos sin tan ααα<< D ．cos tan sin ααα<< 4．在“一带一路”知识测验后，甲、乙、丙三人对成绩进行预测． 甲：我的成绩比乙高． 乙：丙的成绩比我和甲的都高． 丙：我的成绩比乙高． 成绩公布后，三人成绩互不相同且只有一个人预测正确，那么三人按成绩由高到低的次序为 A ．甲、乙、丙 B ．乙、甲、丙 C ．丙、乙、甲 D ．甲、丙、乙 5．函数()()2 ln 1f x x x =+-的一个零点所在的区间是( ) A ．()0,1 B ．()1,2 C ．()2,3 D ．()3,4 6．一动圆的圆心在抛物线2 8y x =上，且动圆恒与直线20x +=相切，则此动圆必过定点（ ） A ．(4,0) B ．(2,0) C ．(0,2) D ．(0,0) 7．已知sin cos 0θθ<，且cos cos θθ=，则角θ是（ ） A ．第一象限角 B ．第二象限角 C ．第三象限角 D ．第四象限角 8．下列四个命题中，正确命题的个数为( ) ①如果两个平面有三个公共点，那么这两个平面重合； ②两条直线一定可以确定一个平面； ③若M α∈，M β∈，l αβ=I ，则M l ∈； ④空间中，相交于同一点的三直线在同一平面内．
2019年高考文化生活考试试题汇总 第一单元文化与生活 1.(全国Ⅰ卷.20)在中国传统文化中，丹顶鹤象征着圣洁、高贵，无数文人雅士以鹤自喻，折射出人们对它的喜爱。现在，“人与自然是生命共同体”的理念成为社会共识，人们从人与自然环境和谐相处的高度来欣赏鹤、喜爱鹤、保护鹤。鹤的寓意的变化表明( B) ①人们的审美观念深受价值观念的影响②文化决定人们的思维方式和价值观念 ③社会实践是文化变化发展的动力和源泉④每个时代人们的审美观念会趋于一致 A.①② B.① ③ C.② ④ D.③④ 2.(卷.26)登滕王阁，看“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色”；游西湖，感受“水光潋滟晴方好，山色空蒙雨亦奇”。纵情山水之间，品味诗词之美，“跟着诗词去旅行”成为人们出游新选择。对此认识正确的是( A) A.游历大好河山，感受诗词魅力，有助于深化文化体验 B.以文塑旅，以旅彰文，传承诗词文化重在发掘其经济价值 C.文化旅游的发展取决于人们的文化修养 D.文化与旅游相结合是文化创新的根本途径 3.(卷.20)“清早起来什么镜子照？梳一个油头什么花香……”随着一阵清脆明快的京剧曲调声，学生们有板有眼地做起了戏曲课间操。戏曲课间操不仅提升了学生做课间操的兴趣，也成为同学们感受优秀传统文化的一个窗口。材料说明( C) A.大众文化的发展可以高雅与通俗并存 B.形式多样的文化生活活跃了文化思想 C.人们在实践中创造、发展并享用文化 D.文化影响人们的交往行为和交往方式 5.(卷.16)说: “我们说要坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信，说到底是要坚定文化自信。文化自信是更基本、更深沉、更持久的力量。历史和现实都表明，一个抛弃了或者背叛了自己历史文化的民族，不仅不可能发展起来，而且很可能上演一场历史悲剧。”这一论述蕴含的文化生活道理是( B) ①文化是一个国家和民族的灵魂 ②一定社会的经济和政汉归根归根到底是由文化决定的 ③文化为经济发展和政治进步提供精神动力和价值支撑 ④文化发展水平是衡量一个民族和国家发展水平的根本尺度
2015年江苏高考数学模拟试卷（四） 第Ⅰ卷 （必做题 分值160分） 一、填空题：本大题共14小题，每小题5分，共计70分．请把答案填写在答题卡相应位置上．．．．．．．．． 1．设集合{0,1,2}A =，{2}B x x =<，则A B I = ▲ ． 2．已知复数z 满足(1)1z i -=（其中i 为虚数单位），则=z ▲ ． 3．交通管理部门为了解机动车驾驶员(简称驾驶员)对某新法规的知晓情况，对甲、乙、丙、丁四个社区做 分层抽样调查．假设四个社区驾驶员的总人数为N ，其中甲社区有驾驶员96人．若在甲、乙、丙、丁四个社区抽取驾驶员的人数分别为12，21，25，43，则这四个社区驾驶员的总人数N 为 ▲ ． 4．袋子里有两个不同的红球和两个不同的白球，从中任意取两个球，则这两个球颜色不相同的概率 为 ▲ ． 5．如右图所示的流程图的运行结果是 ▲ ． 6．给定下列四个命题： ①若一个平面内的两条直线与另一个平面都平行，那么这两个平面相互平行； ②若一个平面经过另一个平面的垂线，那么这两个平面相互垂直； ③垂直于同一直线的两个平面相互平行； ④若两个平面垂直，那么垂直于其中一个平面的直线与另一个平面平行． 其中，真命题的序号 ▲ ． 7．已知1sin cos 2αα= +，且(0,)2πα∈，则 cos2sin()4 α πα-的值为 ▲ ． 8．在平行四边形ABCD 中, 1AD =, 60BAD ?∠=, E 为CD 的中点．若1AC BE =u u u r u u u r g , 则AB 的长 为 ▲ ． 9．已知a ，b ∈R ，若a 2+b 2－ab =2，则ab 的取值范围是 ▲ ． 10．已知{}{},n n a b 均为等比数列，其前n 项和分别为,n n S T ，若对任意的* n ∈N ，总有314 n n n S T +=， 则 3 3 a b = ▲ ． 11．已知双曲线()22 2210,0x y a b a b -=>>的左右焦点12,F F ，梯形的顶点,A B 在双曲线上且 12F A AB F B ==，12//F F AB ，则双曲线的离心率的取值范围是 ▲ ． 12．已知a ∈R ，关于x 的一元二次不等式2 2170x x a -+≤的解集中有且仅有3个整数，则实数a 的取 值范围为 ▲ ．
第Ⅰ卷（阅读题） 甲必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。 不久前，美国波士顿马萨诸塞州立大学医学中心的研究人员利用珊瑚作“模子”，用患者的细胞培育出大拇指骨并最终培植出新的大拇指。这一惊人的突破令医学界大为振奋。科学家们相信，在不久的将来，这项技术使他们能够培植出包括心瓣、肝脏及乳头等更为复杂的人体器官和组织，以供人类作器官移植之用。 患者莫尔西亚的大拇指在一次意外中被压断。为他治疗的舒费尔巴吉医生将他的断指的残余部分植在他的胸部，以让拇指的皮肉组织继续生长。与此同时，细胞工程专家瓦卡迪为他培育新的拇指骨。这一过程如同科幻小说中的情节，科学家先将珊瑚雕成拇指形状的模子，并在里面钻了许多细小的孔，然后从莫尔西亚手臂取出骨细胞，同一种从海藻中提炼出来的化合物钙褐藻胶一起塞进珊瑚模的蜂巢孔内。骨细胞在珊瑚的滋润下逐渐成型，而珊瑚最后则自然解体，留下由其培植而成的指骨。此后，医生将培植出的指骨接到莫尔西亚的掌上，并在指骨的外部铺上拇指的皮肉组织。医生们
下一步要做的，是用患者的耳朵上的细胞来培植他的手指关节组织。 虽然研究人员尚不知这项试验最后是否能取得成功，但仅现在所取得的进展便已令人鼓舞不已了。他们预计，在未来的二三十年内，科学家将能培育出任何人体器官。实际上在此之前，瓦卡迪和另一位细胞工程专家兰格一起，在老鼠的背上成功培植出一只人类的耳朵。 这些实验成功之后，医学中心的研究人员又在动物身上成功进行了二十多项培植或移植器官及组织的试验。这些实验包括大动脉、心瓣、腱和韧带、乳头及部分气管。与此同时，哈佛大学的一位科学家也曾从绵羊胎儿身上抽出膀胱细胞，在实验室内进行培植，然后在小绵羊出世后植入其体内。科学家相信，人工培植的真骨，将在未来取代伤残人的塑料或金属假肢。而用电脑绘制出来的“模子”，将能够保证人工培育出来的器官同原来的一模一样。马萨诸塞州立大学医学中心的研究人员相信，在不久的将来，他们能够在实验室中培育乳房、眼角膜和人的手脚四肢。到那时，患者将不再担心无人捐献器官，而且，由于新的器官是由自身细胞培育而出，因此在移植到患者身上之后，不用担心人体免疫系统所产生的排斥。 1．下列对第一段中“这项技术”的理解，最准确的一项是（）
新高考数学模拟试题(附答案) 一、选择题 1．已知2a i b i i +=+ ，,a b ∈R ，其中i 为虚数单位，则+a b =（ ） A ．-1 B ．1 C ．2 D ．3 2．已知函数()()sin f x A x =+ω?()0,0A ω>>的图象与直线()0y a a A =<<的三个相邻交点的横坐标分别是2,4,8，则()f x 的单调递减区间是（ ） A ．[]6,63k k ππ+，k Z ∈ B ．[]63,6k k ππ-，k Z ∈ C ．[]6,63k k +，k Z ∈ D ．[]63,6k k -，k Z ∈ 3．函数()()2 ln 1f x x x =+- 的一个零点所在的区间是( ) A ．()0,1 B ．()1,2 C ．()2,3 D ．()3,4 4．甲、乙、丙3位志愿者安排在周一至周五的5天中参加某项志愿者活动，要求每人参加一天且每天至多安排一人，并要求甲安排在另外两位前面，不同的安排方法共有（ ） A ．20种 B ．30种 C ．40种 D ．60种 5．函数3 2 ()31f x x x =-+的单调减区间为 A ．(2,)+∞ B ．(,2)-∞ C ．(,0)-∞ D ．(0,2) 6．ABC ?的内角A B C 、、的对边分别是a b c 、、，若2B A =，1a =，3b = ，则 c =( ) A ．23 B ．2 C ．2 D ．1 7．下列各组函数是同一函数的是（ ） ①()32f x x = -与()2f x x x =-；()3f x 2x y x 2x 与=-=-②()f x x =与 ()2g x x =； ③()0 f x x =与()01 g x x = ；④()221f x x x =--与()2 21g t t t =--． A ．① ② B ．① ③ C ．③ ④ D ．① ④ 8．函数()ln f x x x =的大致图像为 （ ） A ． B ．
高考语文模拟试题 （满分150分，时间150分） 一、二、三题（10个选择题，每小题3分，共30分） 一、知识积累（每小题3分） 1. 下列各组词语中，只有一个错别字的一组是( )（3分） A翔实词不达意冷寞一愁莫展 B痉孪不经之谈偏辟励精图治 C风靡蘖根祸种攀缘始作俑者 D倾轧气冲宵汉弘扬扑溯迷离 2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是( )A．我国许多城市都建立了食品质量 。 报告制度，定期向社会公布有关部门的检验结果，从而使那些劣质食品在劫难逃 ．．．． B．交易会展览大厅里列的一件件色泽莹润、玲珑剔透 的玉雕工艺品，受到了来自世界各地 ．．．． 客商的青睐。 C.只见演员手中的折扇飞快闪动，一生动传神的戏剧脸谱稍纵即逝 ，川剧的变脸绝技赢 ．．．． 得了观众的一片喝彩。 D．现在，许多家长望子成龙的心情过于急切，往往不切实际地对孩子提出过高的要求，其。 结果常常是弄巧成拙 ．．．． 二、阅读下面短文，完成3—6小题矛盾普遍存在于客观世界中，模糊性亦寓于万物运动之中。 鸡蛋可以孵鸡，当小鸡未啄出蛋壳时，总不能说它仍是蛋，亦不可称之为鸡。突变的事物会呈现短暂的模糊性，而另一些事物放到漫长的时间里考察也会使模糊性突出显现。铅块上放一比重较大的金属球，短时间它们均呈现出刚体的属性，但经过长时间观察，又会发现金属球慢慢陷入铅块之中。若将上述两个过程用快镜头加以重映．则过去被看成是固体的物质就出现了类似液体的属性。这里，固体与液体的界限变得模糊不清了。 处于昼夜之间的黎明或黄昏、门捷列夫周期表中介于金属与非金属之间的过渡元素，中
医的脏腑辨证和脉象的浮沉迟数，却说明了客观世界的模糊性。科学的发展．也许会使这些模糊现象在某个层次上变得清晰起来，而在更深的层次上仍混沌不清。 客观世界的模糊性反映在人脑中，便产生了概念上的模糊性；人又巧妙地利用自己建立的模糊概念来进行判断、推理和控制，完成那些现代先进设备所不能完成的工作：人们几乎可以同样地辨认胖子和瘦子、美丽和丑陋；人们无须测量车速便可明智地躲过川流不息的车队；一行草书虽然大异于整齐的印刷字体，却照样可以被人看懂。 现实生活给模糊理论提出了无数研究课题。模糊理论力图用较为精确的数学语言和概念来描述现实中的模糊现象以及人脑中的模糊概念。如果说前人利用仿生学研究飞鸟而发明了飞机，那么当我们今天研制和应用计算机的时候，却不可忘记最优秀的仿生标本——人。人的思维、判断是那样巧妙，人的经验是那样丰富、人类如何将自己的智慧教给计算机，将自己的思维方法传授给计算机，甚至用自己的艺术修养及审美观念去“冶”计算机，使计算机具有更多的“人性”，这已成为模糊理论工作者肩负的历史使命。 3．画线句子“若将上述两个过程用快镜头加以重映”所强调的意思是（） A．铅块和金属球的属性能用快镜头加以重映。 B．模糊性有时表现在较长的运动过程中。 C．铅块和金属球的模糊性不容易被观察到。 D．突变事物的模糊性反映了两个运动过程。 4．在作者看来，下列现象中能说明“客观世界模糊性”的一项是（） A．小鸡刚刚啄出蛋壳而出世的时候。 B．中医的脏腑辨证和脉象上的浮沉迟数。 C．金属球由于漫长的量变而显现出短暂的质变。 D．人们可以看懂书法家的草书作品。 5．在作者看来，下列事实中能说明“人巧妙地利用模糊概念”的一项是（） A．人们利用仿生学研究飞鸟而发明了飞机。 B．人们发现突变的事物会呈现短暂的模糊性。
高考数学模拟试题 (一) 一、选择题（本题共12个小题，每题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的，请把符合要求一项的字母代号填在题后括号内.） 1.已知集合M={x∣-3x -28 ≤0},N = {x|-x-6＞0}，则M∩N 为（） A.{x| 4≤x＜-2或3＜x≤7} B. {x|-4＜x≤-2或3≤x＜7 } C.{x|x≤-2或x＞3 } D. {x|x＜-2或x≥3} 2.在映射f的作用下对应为，求-1+2i的原象（） A.2-i B.-2+i C.i D.2 3.若，则（） A．a＞b＞c B．b＞a＞c C．c＞a＞b D．b＞c＞a 4.要得到函数y=sin2x的图像，可以把函数的图像（） A.向左平移个单位 B. 向右平移个单位 C.向左平移个单位 D. 向右平移个单位 5. 如图，是一程序框图，则输出结果中（）
A. B. C. D. 6．平面的一个充分不必要条件是（） A.存在一条直线 B.存在一个平面 C.存在一个平面 D.存在一条直线 7．已知以F1（-2,0），F2（2,0）为焦点的椭圆与直线有且仅有一个交点，则椭圆的长轴长为（） A． B． C． D． 8.O是平面上一定点，A、B、C是平面上不共线的三个点，动点P满足 ，则p的轨迹一定通过△ABC的（） A.外心 B. 重心 C.内心 D. 垂心 9.设{a n }是等差数列，从{a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,…,a 20 }中任取3个不同的数，使这3个数仍成等差数列，则这样不 同的等差数列最多有（） A．90个 B．120个C．180个 D．200个10．下列说法正确的是 ( ) A．“x2=1”是“x=1”的充分不必要条件 B．“x=-1”是“x2-5x-6=0”的必要不充分条件 C．命题“使得”的否定是：“均有” D．命题“若α=β，则sinα=sinβ”的逆否命题为真命题
高考语文模拟试题及答案 一．现代文阅读(35分) (一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分) 阅读下面的文字，完成1- 3题。 5月23日，当今世界围棋第一人柯洁与计算机围棋程序“阿尔法狗”（Alpha Go）的第一场比赛结束，“阿尔法狗”以四分之一子优势赢得首场胜利．除了围观和好奇，人类骨子里的不服输以及想要看看人工智能到底有多厉害的求胜欲促成了这一挑战。面对人类棋手注定完败于人工智能的结局，人类要做好的准备是全面迎接而非拒绝人工智能，努力去掌控而非臣服于人工智能。。 接纳人工智能是今天社会发展、经济增长、人类演化的必然，更是人们生活的需求。其实，很多人每天离不开的智能手机就是低端人工智能的应用。更应当看到的现实是，人工智能的发展极具竞争性，未来谁在人工智能的研发和应用中落后，谁就会被淘汰。 2016年3月15日，“阿尔法狗”最终以4比1战胜韩国名将李世石。两个月之后，美国白宫就推动成立了机器学习与人工智能分委会，由其主持和协调撰写了三个关于人工智能发展的报告：《为人工智能的未来做好准备》《国家人工智能研究和发展战略计划》和《人工智能、自动化与经济报告》。欧盟、英国和日本等也相继发布了研发和应用人工智能的报告。显然，中国应当参与到这种战略布局当中，这种布局不仅是国家和民族的需要，而且也是赢得未来的利器。 尽管美国对人工智能的布局着眼于产业自动化和提升经济，但人工智能的发展和应用早就向各行各业全面渗透，春江水暖的领域主要体现在医疗、制造业、交通、金融、生态环境监测、刑事司法调查等。人工智能并不是只会下棋，还会在不同的领域帮助人，甚至超过人。 然而，无论人工智能有多少个理由可能战胜人，它们首先是在人类为其布置和引导的范围内进行学习，并且它们始终无法获得人的理性分析能力、运用逻辑思考的能力，以及具有情感交流和互动的能力。缺少了这些方面的能力，所谓“人工智能战胜人”就是无源之水，无根之木。 此外，预见性或先见之明也是人类胜过地球上所有生物以及人工智能的地方。凭借未雨绸缪的超前性，人工智能受控于人的装置早就在研发之中。美国麻省理工学院的詹森·多夫曼研究团队已经研发了一个反馈系统，能够让人类操作者仅通过大脑信号就能实时纠正机器人的错误，并做出正确的选择。这其实也是人工智能的内容和应用，即实现控制人工智能的智能。 另一方面，由人掌控人工智能也意味着必须以人类社会的法律与伦理来制约人工智能。人工智能的发展和应用是如此广泛和深远，不可避免地会触及人类社会各个方面的法律规范、制度和伦理。这意味着，如果不改进和创造新的法律和规范，就无法让人工智能融入人类生活和生产，从而无法让人工智能发挥应有的巨大作用。我们必须针对人工智能制定新的法律、形成新的伦理规范，以避免人工智能陷人类于危险境地。 例如，人工智能驾驶的汽车上路，必须改变1968年联合国制定的汽车控制者必须是人而非电脑的道路交通公约。为此，美国于2016年2月改变了这一法律，允许无人驾驶汽车上路。这也表明，此后一系列和各个方面人工智能的应用都可能会改变现行的法律，或者需要制定新的法律。 与此相关的是，人工智能的应用涉及人和机器、人和动物、人和人之间的伦理时，如何规范人工智能也提上议事日程。尽管阿西莫夫在1941年就提出了机器人三定律，后来发展为四定律，但对于今天飞速发展的人工智能而言，这样的法则还是太简单。于是，美国麻省理工学院的学生埃德蒙德·阿瓦达和索罕·迪索扎2016年共同创建了一家名为“道德机器”的网站，试图解决人工智能应用的某些伦理问题，体现为三种情况：一是车辆直行，导致4只狗1只猫死亡，还是撞向右侧路障，导致5位乘客死亡？二是汽车直行，导致3位违章行人死亡，还是撞向右侧路障，导致5位遵守交规行人死亡？三是汽车直行，导致5位违章行人死亡，还是撞向右侧路障，导致4位乘客死亡？