Exercise Two
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A----Short Conversations:
1. A) She went blind in childhood．B) She went blind at the age of 16．
C) Few people know that she is blind．D) She gets up early every morning．
2. A) He drove her to the airport．
B) He told her to drive to the airport by another route．
C) He bought her a map of the airport．
D) He made clear the route to the airport for the woman on a map．
3. A) Secretary and boss. B) Teacher and student.
C) Doctor and patient. D) Booking office clerk and customer
4. A) She has been eliminated.
B) She belongs to the last few candidates chosen.
C) She is writing some essays in order to be employed.
D) She has already been taken on.
Section B-----Long Conversation:
5. A) Because the library assistant thinks he has an overdue book.
B) Because the books he needs have been checked out by someone else.
C) Because the library assistant is unable to locate the books that he needs.
D) Because a library notice was sent to him at his previous address.
6. A) The man has mistakenly received someone else…s books.
B) The man changed his major from art to business.
C) The man recently moved off campus.
D) There are two students named Robert Smith.
7. A) See if he is related to any of the students.
B) Apply for a job as a library assistant.
C) Use his middle name.
D) Use a different library.
Section C-----Passage
8. A) The invention of primitive weapons and language.
B) The invention of language and the discovery of fire.
C) The invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire.
D) The invention of primitive weapons and the development of human brain.
9. A) The professional instruction. B) The human brain.
C) Cries. D) Signals.
10. A) Picture language preceded oral language.
B) Oral language preceded picture language.
C) They developed side by side.
D) Picture language is more important than oral language.
11. A) Its origin is not obscure.
B) It…s possible for apes to speak human language, but an intensive profe ssional instruction is necessary.
C) There are people who doubt that it began very gradually.
D) It has been the most important single factor in the development of man. Section D-----Compound Dictation
In the 18th century French economists （12）_________ the excessive regulation of business by the government. Their motto was laisser faire. Laisser faire means let the people do as they choose. In the economic sense, this meant that while the government should be responsible for things like maintaining peace and protecting （13）_________ rights, it should not （14）_________ with private business. It shouldn…t create regulations that might （15）_________ business growth, nor should it be responsible for providing （16）_________ to help. In other words, governments should take a hands-off （17）_________ to business.
For a while in the United States, laisser faire was a popular （18）_________ . But things quickly changed. After the Civil War, （19）_________ rarely opposed the government…s generous support of bu siness owners. （20）____________________ ________________________ . Their regulations kept tariffs high and that helped protect American industrialists against foreign competition. （21）_______________________________________________.
It was generally assumed that because business owners did not have a lot of external restrictions placed on them by the government, they could pursue their own interests, and this was what made them so successful. （22）____________________.
Part II Reading Comprehension
Section A (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For
questions 23-29, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 30-32, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Online Degrees
Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are jumping on the distance learning bandwagon and offering online courses and degree programs.
In this article we?ll look at how online degrees work, what you should look for if you are pursuing a degree via the online option, and what employers think of online degrees.
Online Learning Programs
With a computer, an Internet connection and a little self-discipline, you can earn a degree from home, work, or anywhere else for that matter. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won?t be in person. There are assignments, but you won?t hand them to your instructor. There are exams, but you won?t be able to look at your neighbor?s paper. There may be a set time that “class” begins, but you don?t have to be there then. In most situations, you are free to “go to class” when it fits your s chedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don?t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don?t have to ask for someone?s notes, and you just visit the lecture later.
You?ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat rooms, bulletin boards, and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program that uses text chat and bulletin boards, as well as streaming audio or recorded lectures. You may be put into a virtual workgroup with other students and be required to solve a problem. You may have to work through interactive puzzles and quizzes. Contrary to popular belief, you will have contact with other students and the instructor. Depending on the program and institution, distance learning may consist of synchronous (live) sessions or asynchronous (non-live) sessions. Transcripts and notes from lectures are archived, so you can always go back if you missed something. If there are live sessions with discussions among students, you can go back to those as well. Assignments may even be returned with audio clips so your instructors can convey their tone of voice along with their comments.
Printed documents may be sent to you through the mail, or you may have the options of printing them yourself or reading them online.
Some schools require an initial “boot camp” held at the campus (if there is one), where you will meet the other studen ts, instructors and support personnel. You?ll learn how to use the technology, learn about the library and reference systems, and begin your coursework.
Evaluating the Program
So once you know the school is accredited, is the decision easy? Not necessarily. There are still a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as:
★How is the course presented?
Investigate the method by which the instructor gives lectures. Does the instructor simply put the lecture online as text? Are there accompanying slides? Is there any interaction? Is there video or audio? Are exams given? How are assignments turned in? The format of the course is sometimes as important as the content. Great content is more easily absorbed if it?s done in a dynamic an d innovative manner that involves interaction between the student and instructor as well as interaction with the content itself. Online learning technology provides many opportunities for innovation. Find a school that takes advantage of it.
★How do students interact with each other?
Is there an established method for interaction and congregating? Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it. How the online community functions should be very important to both the instructor and the educational institution.
★Are the instructors qualified?
Check out the credentials and degrees the instructors hold, as well as their knowledge of online learning and its differences from classroom learning. What kind of support do the instructors get for their online courses? If technical problems arise, is there someone to turn to? A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the development staff and the support staff to make it successful. Instructors (and students) have to be able to adapt to changing technology.
★What kind of reputation does the school have?
It may seem simple — a good school will have a good online program. That may be true, but it is also probable that its online program is still too new to judge, so you?re left with nothing but the reputation of the school?s traditional programs. This reputation, however, may not be as straightforward as you think. You can look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment, but there may be weaknesses in the program in which you are interested. I t?s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two.
★How are students evaluated?
Earning a degree should mean just that —earning it. If students aren?t assessed properly and degrees are handed out with little or no verification that any knowledge has been transferred from the instructor to the student, then how can the program be rated? Students, particularly adult students, learn more by doing than by simply listening. For this reason, it is important to ensure that part of the program involves applying what has been learned.
The Employer?s View
The big question in everyone?s mind is, “Is an online degree from an accredited college or university seen by potential employers as a lesser degree?” https://www.doczj.com/doc/9c1779372.html,, a career network Website, did a survey of 239 HR professionals. According to the
results, 77 percent of respondents believe that an online degree earned at an accredited institution like Duke or Stanford is more credible than one earned at an Internet-only institution.
Other sources, such as Thomas L. Russell of North Carolina State University, did studies that revealed that there is little if any difference in the quality of education received through online distance learning versus traditional classrooms. John Losak at Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale found similar results in his own study. He analyzed graduation rates, time to graduation, and knowledge, as well as other elements. He found the students performed as well or better in online courses. As more and more people get online degrees and use them in the workforce, HR managers and hiring managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have. If the studies that were done by Thomas L. Russell and John Losak — showing the quality of online education to be as good as or better than that of traditional education — hold up on a larger scale, then the future of getting jobs and advancements based on online degrees will be bright.
Until then, choose schools carefully, and check for accreditation and strong programs. When you?ve completed the degree, go to job interviews armed with information to counter any questions about the quality or validity of your degree. Make sure the interviewer knows how you achieved the degree, how you worked it into a busy schedule, how you overcame any obstacles. It will show a self-motivation and discipline that may be just the qualities the company is looking for.
23. Which of the following is the unique characteristic of online education that traditional education doesn?t have?
A) There are lectures, but they won?t be in person.
B) There are assignments, and you must hand them to your instructor.
C) If you get sick, you have to ask for someone?s notes.
D) If you get a phone call during class, you will miss something.
24. What can you do in some schools? initial “boot camp”?
A) To meet the other students and instructors. B) To read books in the library.
C) To attend class in person. D) To hand your paper to your instructor.
25. What is the best type of online lecture?
A) One with no accompanying slides. B) One that is simply put online as text.
C) One without video or audio. D) One with interaction during the lecture.
26. Great content is more easily absorbed if it?s done in a ________ manner.
A) static and innovative B) traditional and obsolete
C) dynamic and innovative D) simple and active
27. What is the most important part of online communication?
A) To use chat rooms and instant messaging to communicate.
B) To find a program that has interaction built into it.
C) To find an established method for interaction.
D) To use video conferencing to communicate.
28. What will be employers? view about online degrees as more are used in the workforce?
A) They will feel doubtful about the quality of online education.
B) They will feel more secure about the quality of online education.
C) They will not be quite sure about the quality of online education.
D) They will fully trust the quality of online education.
29. What may be the qualities that some companies are looking for according to the passage?
A) Quality of your degree. B) Validity of your degree.
C) Self-motivation and discipline. D) Ability to overcome obstacles.
30. A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the _______ and the support staff to make it successful.
31. The reputation of the school, however, may not be as __________ as you think.
32. Students, particularly __________, learn more by doing than by simply listening.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 33 to 37 are based on the following passage.
It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife?s right to receive a tenth of all her husband?s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.
The wife shared in the management of her husband?s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro?s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being
hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.
33. Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to_________.
[A]give a woman the right to receive all her husband?s property
[B]help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the family
[C]protect a woman against the risk of desertion
[D]both A and C
34. According to the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was__________.
[A]higher than that of a single woman [B]higher than that of her husband
[C]lower than that of her husband [D]the same as that of her husband
35. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas?
[A] To show that the wife shared in the management of her husband?s personal property.
[B] To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.
[C]To prove that women have powerful position.
[D]To illustrate how women win her property.
36. The compensation Maria Vivas got for the field is____________.
[A]some of the land Miro had inherited [B]a tenth of Miro?s land
[C]money for household expenses [D]money form Miro?s inheritance
37. The author?s attitude towards Maria Vivas is_____________.
[A]sympathetic [B]disapproval [C]indifferent [D]objective
Passage Two
Questions 38 to 42 are based on the following passage.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-b eings of a social group?s members. Expressive
leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect。
38. What does the passage mainly discuss?
[A]The problems faced by leaders.
[B]How leadership differs in small and large groups.
[C]How social groups determine who will lead them.
[D]The role of leaders in social groups.
39.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT_____________.
[A]recruitment [B]formal election process
[C]specific leadership training [D]traditional cultural patterns
40. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
[A]A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
[B]Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
[C]A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by study ing research on leadership.
[D]Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
41. In mentioning “natural leaders” in Line 7, the author is making the point that____________.
[A] few people qualify as “natural leaders”
[B] there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
[C] “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group
[D] “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
42. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on___________.
[A]ensuring harmonious relationships
[B]sharing responsibility with group members
[C]identifying new leaders
[D]achieving a goal
Part III Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 43 over the centuries. During the 1950s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 44 and describing the reading process. 45 specialists agree that reading 46 a complex organization of higher mental 47 , they disagree 48 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 49 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 50.
These authorities 51 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 52 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 53 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 54 to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 55 reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 56 . By some experts they would not be 57 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 58 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 59 the sound symbols' code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 60, at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 61 widely and enthusiastically. 62 short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
43. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively
44. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting
45. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until
46. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites
47. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions
48. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into
49. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree
50. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for
51. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact
52. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently
53. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading
54. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as
55. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually
56. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section
57. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded
58. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated
59. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock
60. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps
61. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as
62. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] To
Part IV-----Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
63. The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are
(为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).
64.That Canadian speaks Chinese________________ (和他说英语一样流利).
65. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自从我们在头版上采用了彩色照片后).
66. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等动物是由低等动物发展而来的).
67. ________________________(科学家们将会提出)new methods of increasing the world's food supply.
Part V------Writing （at least 120 words）
正确面对人生中的挫折与坎坷
人生没有笔直的路
Directions: Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the cartoon,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life.
Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.________is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity B. Stability C. Collocability D. All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except __________. A. slang B. Anglo-Saxon words C. argots D. neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into ______. A. content words and functional words B. native words and borrowed words C. basic words and dialectal words D. Loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowing can be divided into __________. A. aliens, semantic loans, translation loans, denizens B. empty words, notional words, form words, content words C. blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initialisms D. derivatives, compounds, converted words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely ________. A. productivity and stability B. neutrality in style and high frequency in use C. collocability and polysemy D. formality and arbitrariness 6. The word beaver (meaning “girl”) is ________. A. a dialectal word B. argot C. an archaism D. slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is _________. A. jargon B. an archaism C. a neologism D. slang 8. Form words include the following word classes except ________. A. conjunctions B. auxiliaries C. prepositions D. adjectives 9. V ocabulary can refer to the following except _________. A. the total number of the words in a language B. all the words used in a particular historical period C. all the words of a given dialect D. most words a person knows 10. Kimono is a loan word from _________. A. German B. French C. Spanish D. Japanese 11. ________form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A. Anglo-Saxon words B. French words C. Danish words D. Latin words 12. Black humor is ________. A. a translation loan B. a semantic loan C. a denizen D. a alien 13. Pronouns and numerals are semantically ________ and have limited ________.
英语数词的用法及专项练习 数词是表示数量多少或顺序先后的词.分为基数词和序数词. （一）基数词 1. 表示数量多少的词是基数词，如：one, two, three等. 2. 数词的构成 1）从1－12分别由从one到twelve，12个各不相同的词表示. one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 2）从13－19均以后缀-teen结尾. thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 3）从20－90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾.表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符. twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 43 forty-three 4）整百数由1—9加hundred构成. 100 one (a) hundred 500 five hundred 5) 整百数和整十数之间由and连接，十位与个位之间要加连字符“- ”.如果十位数为零，那就在百位和个位之间用and连接. 101 one hundred and two 245 two hundred and forty- five 6）千 thousand 百万 million 十亿 billion Exercise: 写出下列数字 12 14 20 40 90 19 400 600 35 78
柳宗元驳复仇议翻译集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-
臣伏见天后时①，有同州下邽人徐元庆者②，父爽为县尉赵师韫所杀③，卒能手刃父仇，束身归罪④。当时谏臣陈子昂建议诛之而旌其闾⑤，且请“编之于令，永为国典。”臣窃独过之⑥。 注释： ①伏见：旧时臣下对君主有所陈述时的表敬之辞，可译为知道，了解。天后：即武则天（624-705），名武瞾。690年，废睿宗李旦自立为皇帝，改洛阳为神都，建立武周王朝，在位十六年。705年，武则天病笃，宰相张柬之发动兵变，迫使武氏退位，史称神龙革命。中宗李哲复位，恢复唐朝。 ②同州：唐代州名，今陕西渭南市大荔县一带地区。下邽（guī）：县名，今陕西省渭南县。徐元庆：当时某驿馆的服务人员，徐元庆替父报仇，谋杀官员赵师蕴案是武则天时轰动一时的谋杀案。 ③县尉：县令的属官，专司当地的治安工作。或称御史大夫。 ④卒：最后，最终。束身归罪：自首。 ⑤陈子昂：（661—702），字伯玉。武后时曾任右拾遗，为谏诤之官。旌（jīng）：表彰。闾：里巷的大门。 ⑥过：错误，失当。 译文：微臣知道则天皇后时，同州下邽县有个叫徐元庆的人，他的父亲徐爽被县尉赵师韫杀害，他最后能亲手杀掉他父亲的仇人，并且自己捆绑着身体到官府自首。当时的谏官陈子昂建议将他处以死罪，同时在他的家乡表彰他的行为，并请朝廷将这种处理方式“编入法令，永远作为国家的法律制度”。臣私下认为，这样做是不对的。
臣闻礼之大本，以防乱也。若曰无为贼虐①，凡为子者杀无赦。刑之大本，亦以防乱也，若曰无为贼虐，凡为治者杀无赦。其本则合，其用则异。旌与诛莫得而并焉。诛其可旌，兹谓滥，黩②刑甚矣。旌其可诛，兹谓僣③，坏礼甚矣。果以是示于天下，传于后代，趋义者不知所向，违害者不知所立，以是为典可乎？盖圣人之制，穷理以定赏罚，本情以正褒贬，统于一而已矣。 注释： ①贼虐：残害，践踏 ②黩（dú）刑：滥用刑法。黩，轻率。 ③僭（jiàn）：越过，超出本分。 译文： 臣听说，礼的根本作用是为了防止人们作乱。意思是说，不要让礼受到践踏，凡是作儿子的，为报父仇而杀了人，就必须处死，不能予以赦免。刑法的根本作用也是为了防止人们作乱。意思是说，不能让刑受到践踏，凡是当官的错杀了人，也必须处死，不能予以赦免。礼和刑的根本目的是一致的，但是实际应用却不同。表彰和处死是不能同施一人的。处死可以表彰的人，这就叫乱杀，就是滥用刑法太过分了。表彰应当处死的人，这就是过失，破坏礼制太严重了。如果以这种处理方式昭示天下，并传给后代，那么，追求正义的人就不知道前进的方向，躲避刑罚的人就不能辨别立身之道，以此作为法则行吗？圣人制定礼法，是透彻地探究事理来制定赏罚，根据事实来确定奖惩，不过是把礼和刑二者结合在一起罢了。 向使刺谳①其诚伪，考正其曲直，原始而求其端②，则刑礼之用，判然离矣。何者？若元庆之父，不陷于公罪，师韫之诛，独以其私怨，奋其吏气，虐于非辜；州牧不知罪，刑官不知问，上下蒙冒③，吁号不闻。而元庆能以戴天④为大耻，枕戈⑤为得礼，处心积虑，
Audrey Hepburn, An Elegant Spirit Although she was never an ardent follower of any formal religion, my mother’s own faith endured throughout her life: her faith in love, her faith in the miracle of nature, and her faith in the goodness of life. She honored this second chance at life at every opportunity that presented itself and most of all at the end of her life, through her work for UNICEF. Sometimes a near-death experience can free us of the shackles that life slowly trains us to wear. We come to realize what’s worth the sweat and what isn’t. Although she had no memory of her childhood near-death experience, the knowledge of it, coupled with the fertile ground of an already self-effacing nature, were the roots of the humility that graced her entire life. I never heard her say, “I did this,” or “I’ve done that.” Toward the end of her life, throughout the UNICEF years, I would hear her say regularly, as the world listened to her, “I can do very little.” I never heard her say that she liked any of her performances. When people complimented her, she would always shy away and ultimately explain how those who surrounded her were the reason for her success. Bessie Anderson Stanley wrote, “To laugh often and much, to win the respect of intelligent people and affection of children, to earn the appreciation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friends, to appreciate beauty, to find the best in others, to leave the world a bit better whether by a healthy child, a garden patch or a redeemed social condition, to know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived, this is to have succeeded.” By Ms. Stanley’s standards, my mother’s life was a success: She was graced with good choices. The first choice she made was her career. Then she chose her family. And when we, her children, were grown and had started our lives, she chose the less fortunate children of the world. She chose to give back. In that important choice lay the key to healing and understanding something that had affected her throughout her entire life: the sadness that had always been there.
牛津上海版（一起）2019-2019学年小学英语六年级上册Module 1 Family and friends Unit 1 Family and relatives Exercise 1 一、翻译下列词组 1.翻译下列词组。 ①家人与朋友________ ②家谱________ ③叔叔与阿姨________ ④我的爷爷和奶奶________ 2.翻译下列词组。 ①他们的女儿________ ②生日快乐________ ③生日卡片________ ④亲爱的妹妹________ 二、根据所给音标，完成句子。 3.My uncle is a policeman. He is ________／t??l／. 4.I often play badminton with my ________／ɑ?nt／in the afternoon. 5.I sometimes go skating with my little ________／'br?e?／. 6.What do you want for your ________／'b??θde?/. 7.Their father is a teacher. He is a ________／g?d／teacher. 8.My grandfather is old, but he is still very ________/'h?p?/all day. 三、选择正确答案填空
9.My father's mother is my ________. A. uncle B. aunt C. grandfather D. gr andmother 10.There are five ________ in my family. A. member B. members C. the members D. the member 11.Every family has a family ________. A. relatives B. names C. trees D. tree 12.My uncle's son is my ________. A. brother B. sister C. cousin D. nephew 13.Tim and May are brother and ________. A. sister B. cousin C. brother D. uncle 14.My uncles and aunts are my ________. A. family B. parents C. relatives D. members 四、根据要求改写句子 15.This is my family tree. (改为一般疑问句) 16.My name is Alice. (对划线部分提问) 17.She is my grandmother. (用grandfather代替划线部分) 18.My mother is a doctor. (对划线部分提问)
动名词（Gerund） 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing 构成，否定形式为not doing， 兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。 二、动名词相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语 1、作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16 个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 注意：动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …" 和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如： It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no denying that she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否认的。 2 、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词waiting room 候车室reading material 阅读材料floating needle 浮针listening aid 助听器working people 劳动人民 3 、作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。 Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
当前常用政治术语的英文翻译 作者：夜孔守望| 来源：沪江博客 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the gre at rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside
中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation 人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality. “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
孤独 人是一个非常复杂的矛盾体。为了不受干扰地工作。常常要逃避世俗的热闹，可一旦长期陷入孤境，又感到痛苦，感到难以忍受。 一般情况下，我喜欢孤独。 我的最大爱好是沉思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界。情绪上的大欢乐和大悲痛往往都在孤独中产生。孤独中，思维可以不依照逻辑进行。孤独更多地产生人生的诗情——激昂的和伤感的。孤独可以使人的思想向更遥远更深远的地方伸展，也能使你对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨。当然，孤独常常叫人感到无以名状的忧伤。而这忧伤有时又是很美丽的。我喜欢孤独。 但我也惧怕孤独。 Solitude Human being is a complicated contradicton. In order to concentrate on the job,people often need to escape from the earthy jollification . However,once get involed in lonliness for a long time, they will fell wreched,and even intolerable. In most cases, I like solitude. I like thinking deeply in slience the most. It can a pleasure for me to be on my own for a long time. Enjoying happiness alone is delightful ,and the same as tasting sadness alone. When we are
驳复仇议阅读题及答案 《驳复仇议》出自于唐代文学家柳宗元的一篇驳论性的奏议，这篇奏议阐述了"调"即"和谐"在处理社会矛盾中的重要作用。以下是我给你推荐的驳复仇议阅读题及参考答案，希望对你有帮助! 《驳复仇议》阅读原文 臣伏见天后①时，有同州下邦人徐元庆者，父爽为县吏赵师韫所杀，卒能手刃父仇，束身归罪。当时谏臣陈予昂建议诛之而旌其闾，且请编之于令，永为国典。臣窃独过之。 臣闻礼之大本，以防乱也。若日无为贼虐，凡为子者杀无赦。刑之大本，亦以防乱也。若曰无为贼虐，凡为理者杀无赦。其本则合，其用则异，旌与诛莫得而并焉。诛其可旌，兹谓滥;黩刑甚矣。旌其可诛，兹谓僭;坏礼甚矣。果以是示于天下，传于后代，趋义者不知所向，违害者不知所立，以是为典，可乎? 盖圣人之制，穷理以定赏罚，本情以正褒贬，统于一而已矣。向使刺谳②其诚伪，考正其曲直，原始而求其端，则刑礼之用，判然离矣。何者?若元庆之父，不陷于公罪，师韫之诛，独以其私怨，奋其吏气，虐于非辜，州牧不知罪，刑官不知问，上下蒙冒，吁号不闻;而元庆能以戴天为大耻，枕戈为得礼，处心积虑，以冲仇人之胸，介然自克，即死无憾，是守礼而行义也。执事者宜有惭色，将谢之不暇，而又何诛焉? 其或元庆之父，不
免于罪，师韫之诛，不愆于法，是非死于吏也，是死于法也。法其可仇乎?仇天子之法，而戕奉法之吏，是悖骜而凌上也。执而诛之，所以正邦典，而又何旌焉? 且其议曰：人必有子，子必有亲，亲亲相仇，其乱谁救?是惑于礼也甚矣。礼之所谓仇者，盖其冤抑沉痛，而号无告也;非谓抵罪触法，陷于大戮。而曰彼杀之，我乃杀之，不议曲直，暴寡胁弱而已。其非经背圣，不亦甚哉!《周礼》：调人，掌司万人之仇。凡杀人而义者，令勿仇;仇之则死。有反杀者，邦国交仇之。又安得亲亲相仇也?《春秋公羊传》曰：父不受诛，子复仇可也。父受诛，子复仇，此推刃③之道，复仇不除害。今若取此以断两下相杀，则合于礼矣。 且夫不忘仇，孝也;不爱死，义也。元庆能不越于礼，服孝死义，是必达理而闻道者也。夫达理闻道之人，岂其以王法为敌仇者哉?议者反以为戮，黩刑坏礼，其不可以为典，明矣。 请下臣议附于令，有断斯狱者，不宜以前议从事。谨议。 【注】①天后：武则天。②刺谳：刺，探寻;谳，议罪。 ③推刃：往来项杀。 《驳复仇议》阅读题目 4.对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是(3分) A.臣窃独过之过：认为不对 B.旌其可诛，兹谓僭僭：僭越 C.不愆于法愆：罪过
Exercise 1：Translation 1)H e felt the patriot rise within his breast. 2)T he lion is the king of animals. 3)We must get our country modernized. 4)Formality characterized their relationship. 5) The elimination of illiteracy is the basic task in the field of national education. 6) He is a better swimmer than I. 7)No really good leadership can result from the absence of a real, specific knowledge of the actual conditions of the classes in Chinese society. 8）We must oppose the tendency towards group egoism which looks after the interests of one’s own department to the exclusion of those of all others. 9）Yesterday he gave an unprepared speech. 10）They went into the insecure building. 参考答案： 1.他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 2.狮为百兽之王。 3.我们一定要实现现代化。 4.他们之间的关系有一个特点，即以礼相待。 5.扫除文盲是国民教育的基本任务。
实用文档 Exercise 1 I ．Listen and choose.（听录音选择。） 1. 2. 3. 4. II ．Listen and number.（听录音标号。） III ．Read and choose.（看图选择。） ( A (7) (2) (4) (5) (3) (8) ( A ( B ) ( A (6) (1)
实用文档 Exercise 2 I ．Listen and draw.（听录音，对的画笑脸，错的画哭脸。） 1. 2. 3. 4. II ．Listen and circle.（听录音，圈单词。） 1. Touch your foot. 2. Show me your crayon. ear ruler B A D C
实用文档 3. Wave your arms. . 4. This is my nose. hands finger III ．Read and choose.（看图标号。） 1. mouth 2. eye 3. hand 4. finger 5. foot 6. leg 7. arm 8. Body Exercise 1听力材料 I. Listen and choose.（听录音选择。） 1. Eye, eye, this is my eye. 2. Head, head, this is my head. 1 2 4 7 8 3 6 5
3. Leg, leg, this is my leg. 4. Body, body, this is my body. II. Listen and number.（听音标号。） 1．G: Goodbye, mom. W: See you! 2. G1: Hello, Chen Jie! G2: Hi, Sarah! 3. G1: Let’s go to school. G2: OK. 4. Gs&Bs: Good morning, Miss White. W: Good morning! 5. G1: This is Mike. And this is Chen Jie. G2: Nice to meet you. B: Nice to meet you, too. 6. G: Good afternoon, Mr. Black. M: Good afternoon, Sarah! 7. G1: Let’s play. G2&B: Great! 8. Gs&Bs: Goodbye, Miss White. W: Goodbye, children. Exercise 2 听力材料 I. Listen and draw.（听录音，对的画笑脸，错的画哭脸。） 1. Touch your face. 2. Shake your body. 实用文档
exercise的过去式和用法例句 exercise做动词有锻炼;运用等意思，那么你知道exercise的过去式是什么吗?下面小编为大家带来的exercise的过去式和用法例句，供大家参考学习! exercise的过去式和其他时态过去式: exercised 过去分词: exercised 现在分词:exercising exercise的用法exercise的用法1：exercise的基本含义是反复地进行某一动作或一系列动作,以发展和加强某种能力,尤指为了身体健康或精力充沛而进行的活动。引申可表示运用行使或实行执行等。 exercise的用法2：exercise可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。 exercise的用法3：exercise作练习解时,其后常接反身代词+in+ n./v -ing,其主语既是动作的执行者,又是动作的承受者。 exercise相关词汇辨析drill，exercise，practice，training，discipline 这些名词都有练习、训练、锻炼之意。 drill 侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。 exercise 主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以
保持已经获得的技巧。 practice 指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。 training 普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。 discipline 既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行的约束。 exercise的过去式例句 1. Extreme caution should be exercised when buying part-worn tyres. 购买部分磨损轮胎时要格外当心。 2. The horses were exercised and groomed with special care. 这些马接受专门训练，鬃毛也得到精心梳理。 3. She exercised all her self-restraint and kept quiet. 她好不容易才忍住没说话。 4. Your behaviours exercised a malign influence on the children. 你的行为对孩子们产生了不良的影响. 5. The recruits are exercised every day in the art of self - defence . 新兵每天训练自卫技能. 6. Due caution should be exercised in discriminating between the two.
驳《复仇议》阅读答案附翻译 驳《复仇议》 [唐]柳宗元 臣伏见天后①时，有同州下邦人徐元庆者，父爽为县吏赵师韫所杀，卒能手刃父仇，束身归罪。当时谏臣陈予昂建议诛之而旌其闾，且请编之于令，永为国典。臣窃独过之。 臣闻礼之大本，以防乱也。若日无为贼虐，凡为子者杀无赦。刑之大本，亦以防乱也。若曰无为贼虐，凡为理者杀无赦。其本则合，其用则异，旌与诛莫得而并焉。诛其可旌，兹谓滥；黩刑甚矣。旌其可诛，兹谓僭；坏礼甚矣。果以是示于天下，传于后代，趋义者不知所向，违害者不知所立，以是为典，可乎？ 盖圣人之制，穷理以定赏罚，本情以正褒贬，统于一而已矣。向使刺谳②其诚伪，考正其曲直，原始而求其端，则刑礼之用，判然离矣。何者？若元庆之父，不陷于公罪，师韫之诛，独以其私怨，奋其吏气，虐于非辜，州牧不知罪，刑官不知问，上下蒙冒，吁号不闻；而元庆能以戴天为大耻，枕戈为得礼，处心积虑，以冲仇人之胸，介然自克，即死无憾，是守礼而行义也。执事者宜有惭色，将谢之不暇，而又何诛焉? 其或元庆之父，不免于罪，师韫之诛，不愆于法，是非死于吏也，是死于法也。法其可仇乎？仇天子之法，而戕奉法之吏，是悖骜而凌上也。执而诛之，所以正邦典，而又何旌焉？ 且其议曰：人必有子，子必有亲，亲亲相仇，其乱谁救？是惑于礼也甚矣。礼之所谓仇者，盖其冤抑沉痛，而号无告也；非谓抵罪触法，陷于大戮。而曰彼杀之，我乃杀之，不议曲直，暴寡胁弱而已。其非经背圣，不亦甚哉!《周礼》：调人，掌司万人之仇。凡杀人而义者，令勿仇；仇之则死。有反杀者，邦国交仇之。又安得亲亲相仇也？《春秋公羊传》曰：父不受诛，子复仇可也。父受诛，子复仇，此推刃③之道，复仇不除害。今若取此以断两下相杀，则合于礼矣。 且夫不忘仇，孝也；不爱死，义也。元庆能不越于礼，服孝死义，是必达理而闻道者也。夫达理闻道之人，岂其以王法为敌仇者哉？议者反以为戮，黩刑坏礼，其不可以为典，明矣。 请下臣议附于令，有断斯狱者，不宜以前议从事。谨议。 【注】①天后：武则天。②刺谳：刺，探寻；谳，议罪。③推刃：往来项杀。 4．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是 A．臣窃独过之过：认为不对 B．旌其可诛，兹谓僭僭：僭越 C．不愆于法愆：罪过 D．不宜以前议从事从事：处置 5．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是 A．旌与诛莫得而并焉臣与将军戮力而攻秦。 B．而又何诛焉王问：何以知之？ C．我乃杀之今其智乃反不能及 D．是必达理而闻道者也虽一龙发机，而七首不动。 6．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是 A．徐元庆杀了父亲的仇人后投案认罪。陈于昂建议，先处死徐元庆，再在他的家乡表彰他，并把这个案例编入法律文书中。作者认为，陈子昂的建议是错误的。 B．作者认为，礼与刑根本作用一致，但在实际运用中有区别，不能对同一个人既施死刑又行褒奖。自相矛盾的做法，公之于众，只会让天下人无所适从。
2011级软件专业“数据结构”课程第一章作业（最好用英文答题）： 1.What are data, data element, atomic element, data type, atomic data type, structure data, abstract data type (ADT), virtual data type, intrinsic data type, algorithm, software? What are their differences and relations? 2. 2. Analyze the time complexity of the following segments. 1）void odd (int n) { int i, j, x=0, y=0; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) if odd (i) { for (j=i; j<=n; j++) x++; for (j=1; j<=i; j++) y++; } } 2）void recursive (int n) { if (n<=1) return 1; else return (recursive(n–1)+recursive(n–1)); } 3. Compare the following four kinds of binary search program, which is correct? Which is more efficient? Assume the following variables and constants n>0. Program A: void binsearchA (int a[n], int x, int &k) { int i=0, j=n–1; while (i<=j) { k= (i+j)/2; if (a[k]==x) return; if (x>a[k]) i=k+1; else j=k–1; } } Program B: void binsearchB (int a[n], int x, int &k) { int i=0, j=n–1; while (i
英语中it的用法及练习 一、概述 在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it） Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。（人称代词）What’s this?这是什么？ It’s a book.这是一本书。（指示代词） What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。（非人称代词） It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer.春天是植树的最佳时节，因为天气更暖和。（作引导词） It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。（强调结构中的强调词） 二、it作代词 1、用作人称代词（personal it） 代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。 The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。 My pen is missing. I can't find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了，我哪儿也找不到它了。 I won't be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回来了，请你向我妻子说一声。 I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。 2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it） 相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。 -Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门？ -It's me. —是我。 I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那个学生谈了次话，对她非常有帮助。 It happened during my stay in the United States. 事情发生在我在美国的时候。 -Whose exercise book is that? —谁的作业本？ -It's his . —是他的。 3、用作非人称代词（impersonal it） 代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。 -What's the time? —“几点了？” -It's half past ten. —“十点半”（指时间） It is late autumn now. 现在是深秋。（指时间） It is rather cold today, isn't it?今天很冷，是不是？（指天气） -How far is it from here to the station? —从这儿到车站有多远？ -It's about two kilometers. -大约两公里。（指距离） It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象） -What's the cost of the dictionary? 那本词典多少钱？