点对点教育https://www.doczj.com/doc/921391004.html, 2015年大学英语四六级强化班阅读讲义点对点四六级课程
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大学英语四六级
阅读、写作、翻译讲义
点对点教育教研室
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目录
Reading Comprehension Section A 篇章词汇理解(选词填空)
Reading Comprehension Section B 长篇阅读理解(信息匹配)
Reading Comprehension Section C篇章阅读理解(多项选择)
Writing & Translation
Reading Comprehension
Section A 篇章词汇理解(选词填空)
Directions:In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks .You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage .Read the passage through carefully before making your choices .Each choice in bank is identified by a letter .Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center .You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Passage 1
Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients 1 of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.
Times have changed. Today, we take pain __2__. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in __3__ a person‘s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person‘s life, causing problems that __4__ from missed work to depression.
That‘s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who __5__ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social __6__ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often __7_ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.
This modern __8__ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a _9__ number of drugs available, and many of them caused _10_ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
[A] result[I] determining
[B]involves [J] limited
[C] significant [K] gravely
[D] range [L] complained
[E]relieved [M] respect
[F] issues [N] prompting
[G] seriously [O]specialize
[H] magnificent
Passage 2
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done 1 by women—ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing 2 work—still need to be done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a 3 that has changed
the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing ―poverty of time‖ and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like.
Although there is still a big wage 4 between men and women, the income working women 5 gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now 6 about half of all cars. Not long ago, many car dealers 7 women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are 8 customers. It‘s in teresting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to 9 pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars—the Japanese society is still very much male-oriented. Perhaps it was the 10 contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
[A] scale [I] potential
[B] retailed [J] gap
[C] generate [K] voluntary
[D] extreme [L] excessive
[E] technically [M] insulted
[F] affordable [N] purchase
[G] situation [O] primarily
[H] really
Passage 3
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 1 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 2 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃The warming of the ocean has far-teaching effects. The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 3 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 4 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts Of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 5
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 El Nino brought the most 6 weather in modem history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 7 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 8 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EL Nino will 9 ,but they are still not 10 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。
A) estimate B) strength C) deliberately
D) notify E) tropical F) phenomenon
G) stable H) attraction I) completely
J) destructive K) starvation L) bringing,
M) exhaustion N) worth O) strike
Passage 4
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English .Education soon became a 1. ―I couldn‘t understand anything,‖ he said. He__2___from his teachers, came home in tears , and thought about dropping out.
Then Mrs. Malave , a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his ____3__ Spanish.―She helped me stay smart while teaching me English ,‖he said .Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he__4____confidence and began to succeed in school.
Today, he is a___5____ doctor, runs his own clinic ,and works with several hospitals .Every day ,he uses the language and academic skills he)___6__ through bilingual education to treat his patients.
Roberto‘s story is jus t one of ____7_ success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most __8____way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students __9___outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif. , implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college___10__ rates of more than 90%.In E1 Paso ,bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。
A) wonder B) acquired C) consistently
D) regained E) nightmare F) native
G) acceptance H) effective I) hid
J) prominent K) decent L) countless
M) recalled N) breakthrough O) automatically
Passage 5
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the
gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such 1 , for the two jobs must be carded on at the same time. Because we depend so 2 upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a 3 nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to 4 the work of experts. The 5 school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.
In education there should also be a good 6 among the branches of knowledge that contributes to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such balance is defeated by too much 7 on any field. This question of balance 8 not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphases among the natural sciences themselves. 9 , we must have a balance between the current and classical knowledge. The attention of the public is continually drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new 10 ; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) Similarly B) unique C) frequently
D) involves E) heavily F) equality
G) knowledge H) emphasis I) democratic
J) balance K) public L) explain
M) much N) choice O) judge
Passage 6
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of humankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of landscape, the relative length of day and night, and climate must all play a part in 1 what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy 2 good or bad health, scientists have identified 3 factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide 4 places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all 5 about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are 6 to be less talkative and less lively than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more 7 . And where olives and oranges grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative and casual.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate; the influence of climate and geography should be studied in 8 . Do all mountain 9 live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer result in a sunny and open character? Is the strength and height of a Kenyan tribe due to their 10 drinking of the cow blood?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) notably B) deciding C) determining
D) established E) habitual F) breeding
G) specialize H) steady I) apt
G) equable K) generalize L) depth
M) dwellers N) contributory O) exceptionally
Passage 7
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
In 1791 the French nation, in the midst of a revolution, wished to break with the past, especially with those aspects of it which they considered 1 and useless. One of those was the 2 system of weights and measures in use. Not only was the system overtly complicated, but it also varied 3 from place to place.
In constructing the new 4 , the French began by setting up a unit of distance equal to one forty millionth part of the earth's circumference( 圆周). Unfortunately, later measurements showed that the unit designed was not 5 that fraction, but they continued to use it. (Today the unit is defined simply as the distance between two marks on aplatinum-iridium(铂金) bar kept in a suburb of Paris). The unit is the 6 , and the system of measurements based on this unit is the metric system, the system today used by scientists the world over.
The metric system is built in units of ten, Greek prefixes showing multiples and Latin prefixes 7 fractions. The Greeks had no 8 for a number larger than ten thousand and the Romans had none for a number larger than one thousand, but the system was extended by 9 less specific words; for instance megameter(one million meters) is 10 from a Greek word that means simply large.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) showing B) standard C) word
D) derived E) type F) illogical
G) totally H) classic I) widely
J) system K) using L) traditional
M) meter N) explaining O) exactly
Passage 8
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
The comparatively treeless plains of North Africa have suffered a progressive drying up, both 1 and man-made, but the region was 2 so rich in fertile soil that the district we now know as the Libyan Desert was, in the old days, part of the granary(粮仓) of the Roman Empire, and the centre of the Sahara 3 a busy trading populationfor a long period. That was when there were 4 in plenty and the fields were the traditional "fields of the woods"--clearings in the forest--and therefore always tree 5 .
It is the trees that lift the water and send 6 into the air so that it may fall as dew or rain further on. Trees reduce the speed of the wind, and provide shelter and shade; the roots 7 minerals in the soil and these are carried to the leaves which, when they have fulfilled their function, return to the earth, giving the soil the combination of minerals that plants require.
But through the ages Africa has been 8 , Successive invaders have felled the forest to provide grazing lands for their flocks and herds. With the removal of the essential tree cover, the water 9 was broken, the earth became feverish and sick, and in course of time was unable to support those who had broken the 10 of life by removing the earth's green mantle—the trees.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) moisture B) cycle C) water
D) rhythm E) contain F) trap
G) once H) surrounded I) fed
J) exploited K) social L) natural
M) forest N) usually O) trees
Passage 9
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of 1 through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is 2 for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide 3 and give purpose to life. It is only when stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 4 and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can 5 depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such 6 are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so 7 , but however little the stress, it 8 the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued 9 to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established 10 with stress.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) appears B) exposure C) withstand
D) characters E) links F) rushing
G) minimum H) motivation I) presents
J) extreme K) performance L) context
M) judgments N) essential 0) involves
Passage 10
Questions I to 10 are based on the following passage.
The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a 1 role in the process of 2 from illness. As part of a nationwide 3 in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places. Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of
4 art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms.
A 5 hospital waiting room might have as many as 5,000 visitors each week. What a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art! Senior held the first 6 of his own paintings in the outpatients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school 7
The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards. The 8 of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a 9 onto a garden needed half the number of strong painkillers 10 with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) contrary B) simply C) view
D) significant E) exhibition F) effort
G) adopt H) typical I) quality
J) culture K) contemporary L) normal
M) recovery N) graduates O) compared
参考答案
Passage 1 L G I D O F B M J C
Passage 2 O KG J C N M I H D
Passage 3 F B E L K J N A O I
Passage 4 E I F D J B L H C G
Passage 5 N M I O K J H D A G
Passage 6 C O N F K I G L M E
Passage 7 F L I J O M A C K D
Passage 8 L G I O H A F J B D
Passage 9 F N H K C D J O B E
Passage 10 D M F K H E N I C O
附：
2013年12月四级真题第一套
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
To get a sense of how women have progressed in science take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California Berkeley. This is a storied place the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrence's invention of the cvclotron (回旋加速器)in 1931.A generation ago female faces were 37 and. even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will See a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of there white males
But climb up to the third floor and you'll see a 40 display. There,among the photos of current faculty members and students are portraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro and four other women whose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they're Still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right graduate and undergraduate students about 20 percent of them female. Every years Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic but also 44 "I believe things are getting better "she says "but they're not getting better as 45 as I would like."
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
A)circumstance B)confidence C)covers
D)current E)deals F)different
G)exposing H)fast I)honoring
J)hope K)presently L)rare
M)realistic N)site O)virtually
参考答案N L I O F D C J M H
2013年12月四级真题第二套
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate's or four-year bachelor's degree programs. But as the nursing shortage36, a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing "fast-track programs" that enable college grads with no nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or so of 38 training.
In 1991, there were only 40 fast-track curricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia University's Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of science in nursing in a year. Those who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master's degree that 40 them as nurse practitioners(执业护士）, nurse anesthetists, clinical nurse specialists or certified nurse midwives.
Many students are recent 41; others are career switchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 grad of Columbia's program, was premed in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical research company. At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner. "I saw that nurses were in high 43 and it looked like a really good opportunity," he says. "Also, I didn't want to be in school for that long."
The fast-track trend fills a need, but it's also creating some 44 between newcomers and veterans. "Nurses that are still at the bedside view these kids with suspicion," says Linda Pellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. "They wonder, how can they do it quicker?" The answer is they don't.
A)additional B)applied C)demand
D)excessive E)experience F)explores
G)graduates H)operations I)promote
J)qualifies K)specialized L)tension
M)trained N)view O)worsens
参考答案O E K A J G M C L N
2013年6月四级真题第一套
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall (陷阱) - salt.
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Standford University and Columbia University shows that even a __47__ decrease in daily salt intake (摄入) can lead to dramatic health benefits. The authors __48__ an annual drop of as many as 120 000 cases of heart disease, 66 000 __49__ of stroke and 99 000 heart attacks __50__ by high blood pressure after a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt.
The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who are more likely to __51__ high blood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for the elderly, since blood vessels stiffen with age, which can lead to higher blood pressure.
Everyone in the US is consuming salt far in __52__ of what is good for them," says lead author Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF. "What we are suggesting is that a population-wide effort to reduce salt intake, even _ 53__ will have health benefits."
The team conducted a computer-based analysis to determine the __54__ of a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death. They also calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that would be __55__ because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion: by cutting salt intake nationwide, the US could save $10 billion to $24 billion __56__ in health care costs
参考答案L G K D F I N J C B
2013年6月四级真题第二套
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the __47__ risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get __48__ benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.
Strength training is another important __49__ of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and __50__ bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, __51__ recovery days between sessions.
Finally, flexibility and balance training are __52__ important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are __53__ and simple flexibility training can __54__ these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you'll get an idea of how natural it is. The general __55__ is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to __56__ stretch it in an opposite position.
参考答案H J D I A G B K L C
2013年12月六级真题第一套
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a very favorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their36 and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will37 them for high performance. Supervisors should acknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future.
Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must 38 the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse 39 on performance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not be temporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to take any 40 actions. If the employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint(指出) the deficiencies
that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need to monitor the employees 41 and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected.
If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, they may be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be 42 with the firm’s guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, 43 them tempo rarily, or firing them. A supervisor’s action toward a poorly performing worker can 44 the attitudes of other employees. If no 45 isimposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react by reducing their productivity as well.
注意：此部分题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) additional
B) affect
C) aptly
D) assimilate H) circulation
F) closely
G) consistent
H) enthusiasm I) identify
J) impact
K) penalty L) reward M) simplifying N) suspending O) vulnerable
参考答案H L I J A F G N B K
2013年12月六级真题第二套
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major 36 in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent U.S. survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phone had 37 their communication with friends. Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia, 38 ,said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an39 part of their lives; some were so 40 to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times a day.
Cell phones 41 social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more 42 sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can 43 social tolerance because they reduce children's interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that, in that 44 environment, mobile phones were regarded as "security objects" in parent-teen relationships―important because they provided the possibility of 45 and communication at all times.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
A) affiliated
B) attached I) hazardous J) improved
C) contact
D) contend
E) continuous
F) diminish
G) endurance
H) foster K) instantaneous L) intrinsic
M) relatively N) shift
O) similarly
参考答案N J O L B H K F I C
Reading Comprehension
Section B 长篇阅读理解(信息匹配)
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
2013年12月四级真题第一套
Is College a Lousy Investment?
A)Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it‘s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious: is all this investment in college education really worth it?
B)The answer, I fear, is that it‘s not. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and m oney spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.
C)For my entire adult life, an education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they‘re not the only ones ... and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.
D)The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today‘s students are get ting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?
E)Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, ―I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.‖ Aid has increased, subsidized loans have become available, and ―the universities have gotten the money.‖ Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees: ―It‘s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.‖
F)Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an ―investment in yourself.‖ But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has more than quintupled since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won‘t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad‘s. For many, the most tangible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.
G)It‘s true about the money—sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium for an elite school seems to be even
higher. But that‘s not true of every student. It‘s very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and beer pong and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make triple or quadruple the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.
H)James Heckman, the Nobel Prize–winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. ―Even with these high prices, you‘re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated,‖ he says. On the other hand, ―if you‘re not college ready, then the a nswer is no, it‘s not worth it.‖ Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but the y also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition hikes can push those returns into negative territory.
I)Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don‘t really require college skills. ―Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just tacking on that requirement,‖ says Vedder. ―De facto, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender.‖
J)We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn‘t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which diminishes the financial return to education still further. ―You‘re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,‖ says Heckman. ―You may think that‘s a good thing, or you may not.‖ Either way it will be expensive for the government.
K)What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work: not necessarily as burger flippers but as part of an educational effort. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills—probably more valuable for kids who don‘t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: ―People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That‘s what we‘ve learned, and public policy should recognize that.‖
L)Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of ―soft skills,‖ like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are cruci al for career success. ―It‘s about having mentors and having workplace-based education,‖ he says. ―Time and again I‘ve seen examples of this kind of program working.‖
M)Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. ―Historically markets have been able to handle these things,‖ says Vedder, ―and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn‘t improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ?Why am I going to colleg e?‘‖
46. Caplan suggests that kids who do n‘t love school go to work.
47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.
48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.
49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.
50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it.
51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.
52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans.
53. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.
54. More kids should be encouraged to participate in program where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills.
55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.
参考答案K C E B H D J C L F
2013年12月六级真题第一套
The College Essay: Why Those 500 Words Drive Us Crazy
A) Meg is a lawyer-mom in suburban Washington, D.C., where lawyer-moms are thick on the ground. Her son Doug is
one of several hundred thousand high-school seniors who had a painful fall. The deadline for applying to his favorite college was Nov. 1,and by early October he had yet to fill out the application. More to the point, he had yet to settle on a subject for the personal essay accompanying the application. According to college folklore, a well-turned essay has the power to seduce (诱惑) an admissions committee. ―He wanted to do one thing at a time,‖Meg says, explaining her son‘s delay. ―But really, my son is a huge procrastinator (拖延者). The essay is the hardest thing to do, so he‘s put it off the longest.‖ Friends and other veterans of the process have warned Meg that the back and forth between editing parent and writing student can be traumatic (痛苦的).
B) Back in the good old days—say, two years ago, when the last of my children suffered the ordeal (折磨)—a
high-school student applying to college could procrastinate all the way to New Year‘s Day of their senior year, assuming they could withstand the parental pestering (烦扰).But things change fast in the nail-biting world of college admissions.The recent trend toward early decision and early action among selective colleges and universities has pushed the traditional deadline of January up to Nov. 1 or early December for many students.
C) If the time for heel-dragging has been shortened, the true source of the anxiety and panic remains what it has always
been. And it‘s not the application itself. A college application is a relatively straightforward questionnaire asking for the basics: name, address, family history employment history. It would all be innocent enough—20 minutes of busy work—except it comes attached to a personal essay.
D) ―There are good reasons it causes such anxiety,‖ says Lisa Sohmer, director of college counseling at the Garden
School in Jackson Heights, N.Y. ―It‘s not just the actual writing. By now everything else is already set. Your course load is set, your grades are set, your test scores are set. But the essay is something you can still control, and it‘s open-ended. So the temptation is to write and rewrite and rewrite.‖ Or stall and stall and stall.
E) The application essay, along with its mythical importance, is a recent invention. In the 1930s,when only one in 10
Americans had a degree from a four-year college, an admissions committee was content to ask for a sample of applicants‘ school papers to assess their writi ng ability. By the 1950s, most schools required a brief personal statement of why the student had chosen to apply to one school over another.
F) Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college, including two-year and four-year institutions. Even
apart from the increased competition, the kids enter a process that has been utterly transformed from the one baby boomers knew. Nearly all application materials are submitted online, and the Common Application provides a one-size-fits form accepted by more than 400 schools, including the nation‘s most selective.
G) Those schools usually require essays of their own, but the longest essay, 500 words maximum, is generally attached
to the Common Application. Students choose one of six questions. Applicants are asked to describe an ethical dilemma they‘ve faced and its impact on them, or discuss a public issue of special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creative work that has profoundly influenced them. Another question invites them to write about the importance (to them, again) of diversity―a word that has assumed magic power in American higher education. The most popular option: write on a topic of your choice.
H) ―Boys in particular look at the other questions and say, ?Oh, that‘s too much work,‘‖ says John Boshoven, a counselor
in the Ann Arbor, Mich., public schools. ―They think if they do a topic of their choice, ―I‘ll just go get that history paper I did last year on the Roman Empire and turn it into a first-person application essay!‘ And they end up producing something utterly ridiculous.‖
I) Talking to admissions professionals like Boshoven, you realize that the list of ―don‘ts‖ in essay writing is much longer
than the ―dos.‖―No book reports, no history papers, no character studies,‖says Sohmer.
J) ―It drives you cra zy, how easily kids slip into clichés(老生常谈),‖says Boshoven. ―They don‘t realize how typical their experiences arc. ?I scored the winning goal in soccer against our arch-rival.‘?My grandfather served in World War II, and I hope to be just like him someday.‘ That may mean a lot to that particular kid. But in the world of the application essay, it‘s nothing. You‘ll lose the reader in the first paragraph.‖
K) ―The greatest strength you bring to this essay,‖ says the College Board‘s how-to book, ―is 17 years or so of familiarity with the topic: YOU. The form and style are very familiar, and best of all, you are the world-class expert on the subject of YOU ... It has been the subject of your close scrutiny every morning since you were tall enough to see into the bathroom mirror.‖ Thekey word in the Common Application prompts is ―you.‖
L) The college admission essay contains the grandest American themes―status anxiety, parental piety (孝顺), intellectual standards—and so it is only a matter of time before it becomes infected by the country‘s culture of excessive concern with self-esteem. Even if the question is ostensibly (表面上) about something outside the self (describe a fictional character or solve a problem of geopolitics), the essay invariably returns to the favorite topic: what is its impact on YOU?
M)―For all the anxiety the essay causes,‖ says Bill McClintick of Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania, ―it‘s a very small piece of the puzzle. I was in college admissions for 10 years. I saw kids and parents beat themselves up over this. And at the vast majority of places, it is simply not a big variable in the college‘s decision-making process.‖
N) Many admissions officers say they spend less than a couple of minutes on each application, including the essay.
According to a recent survey of admissions officers, only one in four private colleges say the essay is of ―considerable importance‖ in judging an application. Among public colleges and universities, the number drops to roughly one in 10. By contrast, 86 percent place ―considerable importance‖ on an applicant‘s grades, 70 percent on ―strength of curriculum.‖
O) Still, at the most selective schools, where thousands of candidates may submit identically high grades and test scores,
a marginal item like the essay may serve as a tie-breaker between two equally qualified candidates. The thought is
certainly enough to keep the pot boiling under parents like Meg, the lawyer-mom, as she tries to help her son choose an essay topic. For a moment the other day, she thought she might have hit on a good one. ―His father‘s from France,‖ she says. ―I said maybe you could write about that, as something that makes you different. You know: half French, half American. I said, ?You could write about your identity issues.‘He said, ?I don‘t have any identity issues!‘And he‘s right. He‘s a well-adjusted, normal kid. But that doesn‘t make for a good essay, does it?‖
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. Today many universities require their applicants to write an essay of up to five hundred words.
47. One recent change in college admissions is that selective colleges and universities have moved the traditional
deadline to earlier dates.
48. Applicants and their parents are said to believe that the personal essay can sway the admissions committee.
49. Applicants are usually better off if they can write an essay that distinguishes them from the rest.
50. Not only is the competition getting more intense, the application process today is also totally different from what
baby boomers knew.
51. In writing about their own experiences many applicants slip into clichés, thus failing to engage the reader.
52. According to a recent survey, most public colleges and universities consider an applicant‘s grades highly important.
53. Althou gh the application essay causes lots of anxiety, it does not play so important a role in the college‘s
decision-making process.
54. The question you are supposed to write about may seem outside the self, but the theme of the essay should center
around its impact on you.
55. In the old days, applicants only had to submit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.
参考答案G B A O F J N M L E
Reading Comprehension
Section C篇章阅读理解(多项选择)
Directions: There are some passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage 1
Questions 1to 5 are based on the following passage.
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt （困扰）you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Coruell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment（非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous （脱口而出的）responses to an unexpected demand, such as: "Do you like my dress?"
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
1. Hancock's study focuses on _ _
A）the consequences of lying in various communications media
B）the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C）people's preferences in selecting communications technologies
D）people's honesty levels across a range of communications media
2. Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that _ _
A）people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B）people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C）people are most likely to lie in email communication
D）people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
3. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
A）They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B）They believe that honesty is the best policy.
写作和翻译：实质就是汉译英：汉译英的障碍就是语法和词汇——语法：语序+嵌套 形式最重要！！！高级词汇+复杂局势+过渡衔接 字数：120~180 核心语法定语从句： A is …, which can … 身份/属性；成就和功能。 爱心：Love is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be. 替换词：friendship; knowledge; family; diligence; insisting; determination; optimism; harmony 替换词：合作精神；勤奋；友谊；家庭；坚持；决心；乐观；和谐——the greatest humanistic spirit …是我们时代的主题（the theme of our era） 流行与时尚fashionable 网络：Internet is a kind of great invention in the 20th century, which can make the peoplefar away from each other in distance closer than ever before. 空调：Air-conditioner is a kind of invention in the 20th century, which can make the temperature comfortable. 总结：主题词发出两个动作：性质+能力 看到图怎么办？ 非限定性定语从句——正如这幅第一眼看上去诙谐可笑但第二眼看上去发人深省的图画生动地描述，给我印象最为深刻的显著特征是…… As is vividly depicted in the picture which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on the second thoughts, the most striking feature that impresses me profoundly is thatSpring, one of the realest men throughout the history of mankind all around the whole world that I have ever seen in my entire life, who is thebest that there ever was and the best that there ever will be, is a good teacher that is momentous and fundamental to anyone who want to win the future what the light is vital and significant to the people who desire to break through the dark，and that can support us to realize our vision and achieve our goals no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be, because without him, we could have done nothing, including dream, success, hope and future. 预测一AHarmoniousDormitoryLife
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/921391004.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） Obligations We all encounter obligations in life, from spending time with family and friends to being present at important functions in the lives of the people who form our community. Many times, the obligations are actually fun and fulfilling, and we want to be there. At the same time, we all sometimes experience resistance to meeting these obligations, especially when they pile up all at once and we begin to feel exhausted, longing for nothing so much as a quiet evening at home. At times like these, we may want to say no but feel too guilty at the idea of not being there. Still, our primary obligation is to take care of ourselves, and if saying no to someone else is what we have to do, then we do not need to feel bad about it. There is a skill to balancing our obligations, and it starts with simply becoming aware of our schedule. We may notice that three invitations have arisen in one weekend, and we know that we will pay energetically if we attempt to fulfill all three. At this point, we can take the time to weigh the repercussions of not going to each event, considering how we will feel if we miss it and how our absence might affect other people. Most of the time, it will be clear which obligation we can most easily let go and which one we simply can’t miss. Sometimes we have to miss something really important to us, and that can be painful for everyone concerned. At times like this, reaching out with a phone call, a thoughtful card, or a gift lets people know that you are there in spirit and that your absence is by no means a result of you not caring. Meeting our obligations to others is an important part of being human and not one to take lightly. At the same time, we cannot meet every obligation without neglecting our primary duty to take care of ourselves. We can navigate this quandary by being conscious of what we choose to do and not do and by finding concrete ways to extend our caring when we are not able to be there in person.YouTheme Recreational Activities In the era of information and technology, there are all kinds of recreational activities. Some people think those recreational activities are great and necessary, because they can help people relax from the hard work and study. Some of the activities, such as hiking, jogging, can help people relax physically; while some of them, such as surfing the Internet, can help people relax mentally. However, some people think that so many kinds of recreational activities may have a bad effect on our lives. Some people may not resist some temptations from those activities, and indulge themselves in those activities. At last they are lured away from their study or their work. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them. Meanwhile, we should learn how to use those activities positively, and make them a helpful tool for our development. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Internet. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline
大学英语四六级写作体裁 1. Argumentation 2. Report 3. Caricature Writing 4. Proverb Commenting Argumentation 1. 文章的要求：On Students' Evalation of Teachers A:近年来，很多大学把学生对教师的评价纳入评估体系。B：就其利弊而言，人们之间存在争议。C: 你的看法。 On Students' Evaluation of Teachers With the reformation and development of higher education, many universities have gradually shifted their management from the traditional system of academic year to the system of credit, and from teacher-centered to student -centered teaching. As a result,teachers are now managed on the basis of students' evaluation, which has aroused heated disputes. Many people agree that students' opinion and appraisals are crucial to both the teaching process and the teacher-student relationship. For one thing, the teacher may reflect on his teaching, and then change accordingly.For another, mutual undersatnding is enhanced. However, many experts worry that some of the judgements are rather subjective, and even strongly biased. To make things worse, some students take it as a game--" anyway, my ideas do not count at all". Consequently, nobody will benefit from the valueless feedback. As far as I am concerned, students' views should be taken into consideration, but the views should not be taken as decisive factors when it comes to evaluating a teacher. The improvement of the mechanism requires the change of notion about teaching. We used to relate the evaluation to the employment of a teacher, but if we take advantage of the evaluation as a guide,it might be another story. Marriage upon Graduation 1. 越来越多的大学生一毕业就进入婚姻的殿堂。 2.产生这种现象的原因。 3. 我的看法。 A growing number of college students get married almost at the very moment of their graduation. As for this issue, we cannot help wondering what account for this trend. To begin with, there is no denying that the intensive employment competition is a major factor for this phenomenon. Getting married means the couple can support each other in the harsh environment and equally new couples can get the financial assistance from both families. Furthermore, compared to some instant marriages relying on web love or money worship, marriages upon graduation make a more romantic and reliable choice.
大学英语四六级作文 2019-11-20 大学英语四级范文：说谎 题目要求： Directions: Write a composition entitled Telling Lies. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 人们对说谎通常的看法; 2. 是否说谎都是有害的?说明你的看法。 3. 总结全文。 参考范文： Sample: Telling Lies Telling lies is usually looked upon as an evil, because some people try to get benefit from dishonest means or try to conceal their faults. However,_I_thinkdespitejits_neg1ative_effects,jsometimes_itjisjessent ialto iemigsinour_dailylifei First, the liar may benefit from the lie by escaping from the pressure of unnecessary embarrassment. Meanwhile, the listener may also feel more comfortable by reasonable excuses. For ex ample, if a little girl’s father died in an accident, her mother would comfort her by saying “farther has gone to another beautiful land”. In such cases, a lie with original goodwill can make the cruel nice. Second^thejsk^lsjofJtellingJlies^jtojsome extent,canbe_regard_asja_capacity_ofcreationandjimagination. Therefore,jtakingjallJthese_factor^jntojconsideration,_wecandefinitel y come to the conclusion that whether telling a lie is harmful depends on its original intention and the ultimate result it brings. (159 words)
四六级写作、翻译必背句型 学习步骤和方法：一看二译三比四背 （一）理解并重点掌握其中的常用表达（划线部分） （二）做汉译英练习，即在不看英文的前提下把中文翻译成英语； （三）将自己的译句与原句对照； （四）默写并口头背诵英语原句 特别提醒： 最好要制订进度计划，即具体每天理解和背诵多少个新句，复习多少个旧句。 1. According to a recent survey, each year four million people die from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a lot of students have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的学生对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifelong course. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终身的过程。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to protect local environment from the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrant workers will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrant workers have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信民工对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。 10. Many citizens complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time (in) waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers. 许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。 11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。 13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。 14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
1、网络游戏 1)现在有些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此忧心忡忡， 2)但有人认为网络游戏并非一无是处， 3)你的看法。 Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. A great many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking （缺乏） self-discipline（自制力）are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic（学术的） performances are affected. This phenomenon （现象） has caused much worry from the teachers and parents. However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters（年轻人） to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate（刺激，激发） their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release （释放） their pressure greatly. From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment（娱乐） if you play them in a reasonable（合理的） way. When they interfere（干扰） too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. Yet（然而）if you
四六级逻辑关系词小结 表顺承、补充与递进: and what’s more besides moreover furthermore in addition additionally further（而且，况且） similarly also either too again(另外，还有) what’s worse 【例句】 The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect. 表转折： but however yet instead on the other hand（另一方面） on the contrary（相 反地） nevertheless（然而） otherwise after all(毕竟). 【例句】 It’s too hot to go for a walk, let’s go swimming istead. 表因果： for as since now that because thanks/owing/due to because of on account of as a result/consequence of in consequence of result from（vt，由...引起）; 【例句】 We should be more careful, for it is already dark. Let’s stay at home, for it’s raining hard outside. 表让步: although though while even if/though while as 倒装句疑问词 -ever no matter +疑问词 despite in spite of however in any case 【例句】 While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. Much as you traveled, rarely can you find such a beautiful place anywhere else. Fail as I did, I would never give up. 表目的: in order to/that so as to for fear that so that(以便) lest in case（以防，以免）. 【例句】 He ran away lest he should be seen. She took an umbrella with her for fear (that) it might rain. Take your umbrella in case it rains. 表条件: if unless once(一旦,用于将来动作) so/as long as（只要） suppose (that) supposing that providing (that) provided (that) assuming (that) given that on condition that（如果） in case+句子 in case of+名词（万一）. 【例句】
2020年英语四级作文题目范文：废除四六级 作文题目： Should CET-4(6) Be Abandoned 1. 有人认为应该废除大学英语四(六)级考试; 2. 其他人认为应该保留四(六)级考试; 3. 我的看法。 参考范文： There has been a heated discussion about whether to keep the College English Test Band 4(6) in the universities. Some people argue that the test has become an obstacle to the teaching of English on campuses, while others maintain that the advantages of the test outweigh its disadvantages. As far as the first group of people are concerned, they give the following arguments. For one thing, many students spend most of their time preparing for the test, therefore their focus is not on learning English better but on getting a high mark. For another, many teachers don't concentrate on how to improve the students' abilities. They only care how many of their students can pass the test. However, there are many people who believe the test should stay. To begin with, the test is the most effective way to measure how well the students have learned English. What's more, we can come up with some ways to lessen the negative effect. As far as I am concerned, each side is right in a certain way. We have to keep the test so students will have better motivation to learn English. However, we can't attach too much importance to the scores of the test.
?During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话，就被听众打断了 ?surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降) 若是everything 等则不加 to ?The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son's having been admi tted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了) ?The lecture was so boring that the students couldn't help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠) ?I‘ll be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school (好心载我一程去学校) ?(除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insu rance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery. ?It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president. ?Mrs.Smith shut the window lest 以免 the noise outside (should) interfere with h er son's sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)虚拟语气 ?The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺) ?When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth. ?The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it sto pped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了) ?What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式) ?This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道) ?The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力) ?Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depen ds mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。
一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题） 5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...） 二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） 2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的） 五、预示后果