p,b,pl,bl,pr,br,bw,pj(u:),bj(u:)
m,mj(u:)
f,v,fl,fr,fj,vj
4,],4r,]r,4w
t,d,tw,tj(u:),dj(u:)
s,z
ts,dz
[,7
t[,d7,
n,l,nj(u:)
w,r
tr,dr
k,g,kl,gl,kr,gr,kw,gw,kj
h,hj
j
9
元音发音特点总结
元音拼写特点总结
i
each,ease,east,eat,eve,evil,
be,bee,beach,bean,been,breed,brief,peace,peak,people,piece,please, me,mean,meat,meet,
fee,flee,free,feed,field,fleet,
thee,three,theme,these,
tee,tea,deal,deep,steam,steel,teach,team,teeth,
see,sea,cease,scene,seal,season,seat,seed,seek,seam,seen,seem,
she,sheep,sheet,shield,sleep,speak,speech,speed,
chief,jean,
knee,lee,lead,leaf,league,least,leave,need,
we,reach,read,sweet,weak,week,wheel,wheat,
tree,dream,treat,stream,street,
key,ski,clean,cream,creek,greece,greek,green,keep,queen,screen, he,heat,
yield
ea,ee,ei,eo,ie:必含字母e,不含u,y,w
1
if,ill,in,ink,is,it,its,
bid,big,bill,bin,bit,brick,bridge,bring,build,built,pick,pig,pin,pink,pit,pit ch,prince,print,prison,spin,split,spring,
mid,middle,milk,mill,mint,miss,mit,mix,ms,myth,smith,
fill,fig,fifth,film,fin,fish,fit,
thick,thin,thing,think,this,
dick,did,dig,disc,disk,stick,stiff,still,tin,tip,
sick,silk,silt,sin,since,sing,sit,six,zinc,zip,
shift,ship,shrimp,
chip,
leafed,lib,lift,link,lip,list,listen,little,live,nick,nickel,
rich,rid,ridge,rim,ring,risen,risk,swing,swiss,switch,which,width,will,win,wi ng,wish,wit,witch,with,written
drift,drill,drink,driven,trip,triple,twin,strict,string,strip,
click,clift,clip,gift,gin,give,grid,guild,kid,kill,king,kit,quick,quit,skill, skin,script,
hidden,hill,him,his,hit,
拼写几乎一律是I,其他的单元音只发现一例，u[busy]组合只发现两个特例ee[bee],ui[build其中u不发音。
e
edge,egg,else,end,
bed,belt,ben,bend,bent,best,blend,bread,breast,breath,bred,peck, pen,pest,pet,pledge,press,pressed,spend,spent,
meant,medal,men,met,metal,smell,
fed,fell,felt,fled,flesh,fresh,friend,vessel,
them,then,thread,threat,
dead,deaf,dealt,death,debt,deck,den,dense,depth,desk,devil,dress ,dressed,stem,step,tech,tell,ten,tend,tenth,test,
cell,said,sect,sedge,self,sell,send,sense,sent,set,settle,seven, sex,
shed,shelf,shell,
check,chess,chest,jet,
led,left,leg,lend,length,lens,less,let,level,neck,net,
realm,red,rent,rest,rev,swept,twelve,wealth,web,well,welsh,west, wet,when,
trek,trend,
crest,gem,get,guess,guest,ken,kept,quest,sketch,
head,health,heaven,held,hell,help,hemp,hence,
yet,
单元音字母只有极少几个单词中的a发/e/音，字母组合主要有[ea],另有极少几个[ai]
8
act,ad,add,am,amp,an,and,ant,apple,as,ash,asp,at,aft,ask,aunt,
back,bad,bag,ban,band,bang,bank,bat,battle,black,brand,pack,packed,pact,pan,pat, patch,plan,planned,span,splash,sprang,bath,blast,brass,pass,passed,past,plant mad,man,manned,map,mass,match,math,max,mash,
fact,fan,fat,fax,flag,flank,flash,flat,flax,frank,valve,van,vast,
than,thank,that,
dam,dan,stamp,stand,tan,tank,tax,staff,task,
sad,sand,sang,sat,
shall,shaft,
jack,jazz,chance,
lab,lack,lamb,lamp,lance,land,last,
ran,rand,rank,rat,rats,wax,wrap,
draft,drag,track,tract,trap,travel,strand,strap,strapped
cal,camp,can,canned,cap,cash,cat,catch,cattle,cannel,chat,clan,crab,crack,crash, gang,gap,gas,gland,grand,scrap,scratch,cast,castle,class,graft,grant,grass hand,hang,hat,hatch,have,half,
粗体单词英式音为/@:/
无一例外，拼写全部为元音字母[a]
u
oof,ooze,oom,oose,
blue,boom,booth,pool,proof,prove,spruce, mood,moon,move,smooth,
few,flew,view,flute,food,fool,fruit,
threw,through,
do,due,to,too,two,duke,tomb,tool,tooth,tube, zoo,soon,soup,suit,
shoe,shoot,
chou,choose,juice,june,
knew,loom,loop,loose,lose,news,noon
rue,roof,room,root,rouge,route,rule,ruth, drew,true,truce,truth,
coup,crew,grew,cool,crude,cruise,goose,group,s chool,
who,whom,whose,
yew,you,use,youth,
拼写方式单元音字母除[u]外，只有[o],元音字母组合发/u:/或/ju:/音的多为[oo],另有[ue](e不发音）、[ui](i不发音）、[ou]［oe]、［ew］、[eau]、[eue]、［iew]，一般都含[u]或[o]
5
book,brook,bull,bush,bushed,butch,pull, push,put,
foot,full
stool,took,
soot,
shook,should,
look,non,
rook,wolf,wood,wooden,woods,wool,would, strook,
could,crook,good,goods,
hook,hood,hooked,
单元音字母拼写一般为[u],偶尔为[o],元音字母组合多为[oo],偶尔为[ou]
)
or,ore,
bore,board,born,borne,port,sport,sports,sprawl, more,morse,
for,four,floor,force,ford,forced,forge,form,fort ,forth,fourth,gorse,
door,store,dwarf,torn,
sort,source,storm,
shore,short,
jordan,
lore,nor,lord,north,
war,sword,sworn,ward,warm,warp,worn,
core,corps,score,coarse,cord,cork,corn,course,co urt,quarts,scored
horn,horse,
英式发音，/)/除与/1/组合外，还有两种情况: 1、/):/拼写中后带(r),2、/):/拼写中后不带(r)。后面两种情况中,美式发音1同英式发音但后带/r/音，第二种情况的/):/发成/6:/。另外我们平常发/):r/开口度常小了些，发出音类似/5:r/
拼写绝大部分为[or(e)],少部分为[our],[ar],[oor],拼写中发含/r/
6
on'
ball,bought,broad,brought,
mall,small,
fall,false,fault,fought,fraud,fog',frog,frost,
thought,
dawn,talk,tall,taught,dog,doll'
saw,salt,sought,soft,song
shaw,
jaw,
law,lawn,log',long,loss,lost,moss,
raw,walk,wall,walled,wrong,want',wash',watch'
draw,straw,drawn,strong
call,caught,cause,clause,cross,cloth,cost,crossed,golf', hall,halt,hawk,
美式发音中一律为长音,部分单词重读音节元音无论英式美式都是发/6:/(非粗体表示),部分单词(粗体表示)重读节节元音在英式发音中是读/):/(但接写中不含r)。右上角标单引号表示可读/6:/或/@:/。拼写形式方面，单元音字母多为[o],少部分[a]。元音字母组合一般有[ou],[au],[aw],[oa],特定元辅音组合[al]
@
odd,of,opt,ox,arc,arch,ark,arm,armed,arms,arson,art,arts, block,bob,bomb,bond,box,bronze,plot,pond,pop,pot,spot,( balm),(palm),bar,bark,barn,bars,park,part,prague,sparks, mock,model,mosque,marble,march,marked,mars,marsh,
fossil,fox,from,far,
don,dot,stock,stop,tom,top,star,tar,
solve,
shock,shop,shot,shark,sharp,
job,john,charge,charm,chart,
lock,lot,not,large
rock,rod,swan,was,what,
drop,
clock,cod,col,cotton,crop,god,got,(calm),car,card,guard, hot,hard,heart,harsh,harm,hart,
yard,yarn
部分单词(粗体标记)重读音节元音发／@:/对应英式发音为/6/,相当部分单词拼写含[r]构成[ar]组合发/@:r/。()括起的单词英美读音本来就一致。另/^/,/6/,/@:/容易混淆，美式发音有一简易的辨别办法，带/r/必为/@:r/,因为不存在/^:r/及/6:r/的发音方式