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2020年现在分词短语做状语(课件)

2020年现在分词短语做状语(课件)
2020年现在分词短语做状语(课件)

2020年现在分词短语做状语

(课件)

语法知识篇:作状语的现在分词短语

现在分词短语可以用作状语,修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况,通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句.一般说来,这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。下面分述如下:

一、作时间状语

如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生,分词用一般式,有时其前可以加上连词while或when.例如:

①Hearing the news,they all jumped withjoy.(=When they heard thenews,they。..)

听到这个消息时,他们都高兴得跳了起来。

②Walkingslowlyacross the grass,he pointed the gun at the lion and fired。

他慢慢地走过草地,把枪对准狮子就射击了。

③One day,while walking along the sands towards his boat,Crusoe saw in the sandthe mark of a man's foot.

有一天,克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时,在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。

如果现在分词的动作结束之后,谓语动词的动作才发生,现在分词应用完成式.这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事",容易产生误解。但是,如果现在分词是hear,see等表示感官的动词或是leave,arriv e,turn,open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词,现在分词所表示的动作发生后,主句的动作往往紧接着发生,那就不必用完成式,仍用一般式。例如:......感谢聆听

①Having wateredthe flowers(=After/When hehad watered the flowers),hebega nto cut the grass.

他把花浇好后,开始割草.

②Having eaten his dinner,the boy rushed out.

那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。

③Hearingthe footstep below(=When he heard the footstep below),he rose and

went tothe top of the stairs。

听见下面脚步声,他站起身来走到楼梯口去。

④Seeing a largecakeflyingthrough the air,the driver pulled up quickly.司机看见一只大蛋糕在空中掠过,赶紧刹车。

二、作方式状语

现在分词作方式状语很容易与伴随状语、同位语、定语相混淆。试分析下列句子:

.。。But later,people developedawayof printing,using rocks.

……但是以后,人们利用石块发展了印刷术。

有人对该句using rocks提出了以下看法:

1)把它视作相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

2)把它视作a way of printing的同位语.

3)把它视作状语,表示伴随情况或方式。

笔者赞成第三种看法,表示方式状语(但不是伴随状语)。因为句中using rocks表明人们用什么方法发明了一种印刷方法,是涉及到用how或by what means的回答问题,所以,如果把句中using前的逗号去掉,改为by,则句意保持不变。又如:......感谢聆听

He earns a living by driving。他靠开卡车谋生。

They would beableto reply to our signals by usingsimilar methods。

他们将能用同样的方法回答我们的信号。

三、作目的状语例如:

①Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling(=tofool)round the re no more。

巴比跑到大门口去叫他不要再到这儿来游荡。(钱歌川,《英语疑难详解》P237)

②The sixblind men stood there begging for a meal.(=in order to beg for a meal)六个瞎子站在那儿要饭。

四、作结果状语例如:

①I thoughthe was making fun of me,a nd ran faster than ever,reaching(=so thatI reached)the school yard quite out of breath. ......感谢聆听

我想他在拿我开玩笑,就越发跑得快了,到达校园时已经上气不接下气。

②Her husband diedten years ago,leaving herwith three children to look after。她丈夫十年前去世了,撇下她和三个孩子。

五、作伴随状语

伴随状语的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。例如:

①He sat in thearmchair,reading a n ewspaper.

他坐在扶手椅里读报。

②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.

他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。

六、作原因状语

现在分词短语作原因状语,尤其是be,feel,know,recognize,fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语),以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时,通常表示

原因.例如:

①Being sick,I stayed at home。我因病呆在家中。

②Not knowing her address,I can’twrite to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。

③Nothavingdone(=As he has not done)hishomework,he stayed athome。

由于他没完成作业,只好呆在家里。

七、作条件状语例如:

Taking(=If youtake)the path thatleads outof the town,you will come to adensewood.

如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进,就会走到一片密林处。

八、起补充说明作用

现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似,但严格地说,它不是伴随状语,因为它所表达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生,实际上,它起着补充说明的作用,相当于一个并列分句,但比分句简洁、明快。例如:

①My train leaves atsix,arriving in Chicago at ten。=。。。and will arrive in Chicago at ten.

②The visitingMinister expressed his satisfaction withthe talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.=..。and a dded that he had enjoyed his stay her e.......感谢聆听

(文/山东临沂刘泽森里传芳;英语辅导报初中教师版03-04第20期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行传播。)

...... 感谢聆听 ......

分词短语作状语的时态和语态

分词短语作状语的时态和语态 1. 分词的时态及其判断 * 过去分词没有时态形式的变化,因此been done 和had done 任何时候都不会出现。 * 现在分词有两种时态形式: 一般形式:doing 完成形式:having done * 判断分词用什么形式主要是要与句子中的主要动词行为发生时间进行对比,如果同时或相继发生,用一般式;如果分词的行为的发生时间早于主要动词的发生时间,则用完成式。例如:--Working there, we learned a lot from them. (劳动的同时学到了许多) --Looking out of the window, I saw groups of children play games. (先望出去,接着就看到,视线没有断开) -- Having finished his work, he went to help his classmates.(完成工作在前,帮助他人在后,中间有停顿) -- Not having done it right, I tried again. (没做好在前,明显停顿后再次尝试) * 伴随状语是与主要动词的行为同时发生的动作,如果有前有后就不成其为伴随,所引不能用完成形式having done 表示,否则就是逻辑错误。 2. 分词的语态及其判断

* 过去分词本身就表示被动 * 现在分词的被动语态同样有两种形式 一般式:being done 完成式:having been done * 主动与被动的判断主要是要找到分词的逻辑主语,一般说来,用作状语的分词,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,它们之间有两种关系:逻辑主语是分词行为的支配者,即主谓关系——用现在分词主动形式表示; 逻辑主语是分词的行为对象,即动宾关系——用过去分词或现在分词的被动形式,分别表示: 过去分词——与主要动词先后发生,如: -- Inspired him, we decided to work harder. (被鼓励接下来决定更加努力) 现在分词一般式——与主要动词同时发生,如: -- Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to surrender.(被包围的同时被迫投降) 现在分词完成式——先于主要动词的动作,如: -- Having been asked to stay, I couldn't very well leave. (先被要求留下,(考虑后)觉得不好离开。 * 独立主格结构:

现在分词作状语详解

教学目标:讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点: 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时,要看它同句子主语之间的关系,以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系,以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式(分词作状语的省略问题) 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗,找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语,修饰动词,相当于状语从句,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等,作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语,代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示: 1.现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生,有时可由连词when, while引出。 2.现在分词所表示的动作一发生,主句的动作就立即发生时。如: When she saw those pictures,she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =(0n)Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息,就高兴地跳起来。 二.-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如:As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病,他昨天没有上学。 三.-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点,你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

现在分词短语作伴随状语

其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种,伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。 )过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词,现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室,他是拿着本书进入教室的,在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书(相伴)知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况: 1,过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语(关键找逻辑主语) a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room,weeping(crying )bitterly. (但注意特殊:Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲)不考虑逻辑主语,看作为独立成分)

分词作状语转换

1、状语从句中的谓语动词是系动词be时: 1.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时,只要去掉从句中的连接词与主语并把be改为being. 即可。 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. →Being a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 1.2、从句的主句主语与从句主语不同时,只要保留从句的主语,其它变化同以上1.1。 As he is still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him. →He being still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him. 1.3、当从句是否定句时,只要在being 前加否定词not ,其它变化同以上1.2。 As he was no tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple. →No being tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple. 2、当从句的谓语动词是进行时态(现在进行时态或过去进行时态)时: 2.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时,只要去掉从句中的引导词与主语并去掉助动词be保留现在分词即可。有时为了强调进行状态,亦在分词前保留being. While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. →While reading the book, he nodded from time to time 2.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时,除保留从句主语外,其他变化同以上2.1 When he was giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel. →He giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel 2.3、当从句是含not的否定句时,只要在being 前加否定词not ,其它变化同以上1.1与2.2 As Tom is not working in his office, No one receives the telephone. →Tom not working i n his office, no one receives the telephone. 3、当从句中的谓语动词为一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的实义动词时: 3.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时,只要去掉从句主语并将实义动词改为现在分词即可Look round when you cross the street. →Look round when crossing the street. 3.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时,只要保留主语,其他变化同以上3.1 When they left the airport, we waved again and again to them. →They leaving the airport, we waved again and again to them. 3.3、当从句是含not的否定句时,只要在现在分词前加not,其他变化同以上3.1与3.2 As he didn't know anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. →.Not knowing anything about the acc ident, he went to work as usual. 4、当从句的谓语动词是一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的被动态时: 4.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时,只要去掉从句中的连词与主语并去掉be保留过去分词即可。 As the teacher was surrounded tightly by a group of students, he couldn't get away. →Surrounded tightly by a group of students the teacher cou ldn't get away. 4.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时,只要保留主语,其他变化同以上4.1 A. As the car was trapped in the sand, we had to go for help. →The car trapped in the sand, we had to go for help. 4.3、当从句是含not的否定句时,只要在过去分词前加not外,其他变化同以上4.1与4.2 As he was not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night. →Not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night. 5、当从句的谓语动词是完成时态(现在完成时与过去完成时)时:

(完整word版)分词作状语练习题解析

分词作状语练习题解析 1. 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件,方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如: Put into use in April000 , the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network , Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作原因状语 Given time , he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. 分词短语作伴随状语 2. 有时为了强调,分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如: When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

现在分词短语作伴随状语

创作编号: GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者:凤呜大王* 其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种,伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。 )过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词,现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室,他是拿着本书进入教室的,在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书(相伴)知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况: 1,过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作

分词作状语(关键找逻辑主语) a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room,weeping(crying )bitterly. (但注意特殊:Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲)不考虑逻辑主语,看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done" 1)being done---->"又被动,又进行” 2)done------->“又被动,又完成” 1),2)均可作原因状语从句,而且更倾向于“done”,因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a),伴随状语只能用(b)2),不能用1) eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed在一般句中:v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论:当发现所要填非谓语为被动时,能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done),详见D) D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时,分词的动作先于谓语动词eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同,用having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同,是别人给的,用having been done) 再给你解释下伴随状语 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个生语处于两种状态,或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的生语,伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 你所问的是这一种

分词作状语用法

分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。

现在分词短语作状语

现在分词短语作状语 一、时间状语 1.分词动作一发生,谓语动作紧跟着发生,这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语,其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词,如:hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等,表示一个极短暂动作。 此种情况可以换作on+动名词,表示相同的意思。译作"一(刚)……就……"。 此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句,该从句的动词多用一般过去时表 示。如:Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.(= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…)一听到教师的声音,学生们立即停止讲话。 2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中,则用when /while+现在分词的一般式,分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句,该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如: Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。 注:此结构中,不能用其他连接词替换when或while。 3.分词所表示的动作完成之后,谓语动作才发生,则要现在分词的完成式,即having done 的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。 这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。 这种情况也可以用after /when引导的时间状语从句来替换,该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如:Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play. After having finished his homework, the boy… After /when he had finished his homework, the boy… 二、原因状语 1.分词短语在句中作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样,也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时,用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语,该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。 Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何解这道物理难题,他求助老师。 = Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help. 2.当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语,其逻辑主语须为句中的主语,该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如: Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.

分词短语作伴随状语

聊聊分词短语作伴随状语 先铺垫下:其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种,伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是'正如…','就像',多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。 )过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词,现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情。 以上那个句子中,老师进入了教室,他是拿着本书进入教室的,在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书(相伴)大家明白这个意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况:

1,过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语(关键找逻辑主语) a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1 以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room,weeping(crying )bitterly. (但注意特殊:Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲)不考虑逻辑主语,看作为独立成分) C.'being done'和'done'的区别 1)being done---->'又被动,又进行” 2)done------->“又被动,又完成” 1),2)均可作原因状语从句,而且更倾向于“done”,因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a),伴随状语只能用(b)2),不能用1) eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed 在一般句中:v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论:当发现所要填非谓语为被动时,能用'done'就用'done'(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done),详见D)

分词作状语用法

分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的,也是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated,water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别

过去分词作状语

非谓语动词:过去分词 过去分词(短语)作状语 过去分词表示完成或被动,作状语时,表示动作发生的背景或者情况,在意义上相当于一个 状语从句,其省略的主语(逻辑主语)是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分 词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式是将not放在其前面。 一、过去分词作状语时的具体用法: 1)过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或 while来强调时间概念. 例:1. Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red. 当他被问及发生了什么的时候,他的脸红了。 2. When heated (When it is heated), water changes into steam. 当加热时,水变成水蒸气。 3.Told that his mother was ill(When he was told that his mother was illl), Li Lei hurried home quickly. 李蕾得知母亲生病了时,马上赶回了家。 4. Seen from the moon(When it is seen from the moon) , the earth looks green. 从月亮上看 时,地球是绿色。 2)过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个由as, since, because等词引导的原因状语从句。 例:1. Deeply (Because they were) moved by the movie, the children began to cry. 由于被电影深深地感动,孩子们哭了起来。 2. Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. 因为被惊悚电影吓坏了,这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 3. Caught in a heavy rain (Because he was caught in a...), he was all wet. 4. Satisfied with what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with...), the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。 3)过去分词作条件状语时,通常放在句子的前面,相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从 句。

分词作状语(附练习)

分词作状语(附练习) 中学英语教学资源网→教学文摘→分词作状语2011-11-21 →手机版 分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点,其热点考查内容如下: 一.确定分词形式 分词作状语时,通常放在句首,并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时,分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时,要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者(即表主动或正在进行),分词形式选用现在分词;如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时(即表被动或完成),分词形式选用过去分词。 例:1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it. A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk 分析:分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知句子的主语I 只能与see保持一致。如果选A, 该句中没有连词,没能构成并列句和主从复合句,此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C 2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 分析:“Seen from the hill”是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知,“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语,它们之间表示被动关系,所以分词形式用seen. 二.确立句子主语可能是谁 确立句子主语可能是谁时,仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。 例:Having been attacked by terrorists, _________. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists 分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B 三.独立主格结构 分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时,分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种主语常常是名词或代词,置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系,如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行,选择现在分词,如果它们之间表示被动或完成,选择过去分词。 1, 名词/代词+动词-ing 例:Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 2,名词/代词+动词-ed

现在分词短语作结果状语

现在分词短语作结果状语的用法 要掌握好现在分词短语作结果状语的用法,须注意以下几点: a. 句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系,关于这一点可以从上述几个句子的翻译中不难看出。如:Winter in India sets in November and continues until February, permitting the cultivation of wheat. b. 表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后头,其前常有一逗号隔开,分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby(因而、因此)。如:Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thereby forming carbon dioxide. c. 这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语,也可以前边的整个句子。因而,在前一中情况下现在分词短语相当于由and连接的并列谓语;在后一中情况下现在分词短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句。例如:He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. = … and broke it into pieces. / La ughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption (=which boosts heart rate and oxygen consumption). (2011年考研英语真题完形填空中的一句话)

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