五种基本句型——主系表结构
主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语）
主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。
从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”。
从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。
主语一般是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且详细讨论）
系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：
一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were
二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go
三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)
四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep
表语
从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。
二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。
上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。
练习
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 T om is a student.
2 He is fat.
3 I am tired .
4 We are students.
5 The bag was lost .
6 The boy was foolish .
7 They were kind.
8 She is in the room.
9 The books are on the desk.
10 Snow is white.
11 Kate was here yesterday.
12 My father became a teacher in 1978.
13 The weather gets hot in summer.
14 She looks beautiful.
15 The flower smells good.
16 We were very happy.
17 You are right.
18 The soup tastes delicious.
19 The chair is yours.
20 The children are asleep.
21 The story is interesting.
22 He feels better today.
23 The leaf turns green.
24 I stayed awake all the night.
25 The weather still remained cold in April.
26 The little girl is six.
27 My work is to look after the baby.
28 His job is taking care of the patient.
29 The girl is very pretty.
30 He went mad.
31 Please don’t get angry.
32 The weather is getting colder and colder.
33 You look angry.
34 She looks like her mother.
35 You look unhappy, what’s the matter?
36 Those roses smell beautiful.
37 This tastes nice. What’s in it?
38 Do you feel happy?
39 He remained silent.
40 The weather is going to stay fine.
41 M y job is teaching English．
42 She is at home．
43 I feel terrible．
44 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
45 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
46 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
47 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。
48 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
49 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。
50 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。
51 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。
52 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。
53 He becomes a teacher .．他当了教师。
54 He looks well.他面色好。
55 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
56 I feel good.我感觉好。
57 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
58 He became a teacher at last.
59 His face turned red.
60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher? 他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师？
练习答案
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 T om is a student. 汤姆是一个学生。
T om主语，名词a student表语名词
2 He is fat. 他很胖。
He主语，代词fat表语，形容词
3 I am tired .我累了
I 主语，代词tired表语，形容词
4 We are students.我们是学生。
We 主语，代词students表语，名词
5 The bag was lost.包丢了。
The bag 主语，名词lost丢，形容词，表语
6 The boy is foolish.这男孩是愚蠢的。
The boy主语，名词foolish愚蠢的，形容词，表语
7 They were kind.他们很亲切。
They主语，代词kind.亲切的，和蔼的，形容词，表语
8 She is in the room.她在屋里。
She 主语，代词in the room.在屋里，介词短语，表语
9 The books are on the desk.书在桌子上。
The books 主语，名词on the desk.在桌子上，介词短语，表语
10 Snow is white.雪是白色的。
Snow 主语，名词white白色的，形容词，表语
11 Kate was here yesterday.凯特昨天在这。
Kate主语，名词here 代词，表语yesterday时间状语
12 My father became a teacher in 1978.我爸爸在1978年成为一名教师。My father 主语，名词a teacher名词，表语in 1978.时间状语
13 The weather gets hot in summer.夏天，天气变热了。
The weather主语，名词hot 形容词表语in summer时间状语
14 She looks beautiful.她看起来很漂亮。
She 主语，代词beautiful表语，形容词
15 The flower smells good.花闻起来很香。
The flower 主语，名词good形容词，表语
16 We were very happy.我们很高兴。
We 主语，代词very happy表语，形容词
17 You are right.你对了。
You主语，代词right形容词，表语
18 The soup tastes delicious.汤尝起来美味。
The soup主语，名词delicious美味的，形容词，表语
19 The chair is yours.椅子是你的。
The chair 主语，名词yours表语，物主代词
20 The children are asleep.孩子们睡着了。
The children主语，名词asleep表语，形容词
21 The story is interesting.这故事挺有趣。
The story 主语，名词interesting形容词，表语
22 He feels better today.他今天感觉不错。
He 主语，代词better 形容词，表语today时间状语
23 The leaf turns green. 树叶变绿了。
The leaf 主语，名词green表语，形容词
24 I stayed awake all the night.我整夜没睡。
I 主语，代词awake 形容词，表语all the night时间状语
25 The weather still remained cold in April.四月份天气在仍很冷。The weather
主语，名词cold 形容词，标语in April时间状语
26 The little girl is six.这小女孩六岁了。
The little girl主语，名词six数词，表语
27 My work is to look after the baby.我的工作是照看小孩。
My work 主语，名词to look after the baby动词不定式短语做表语
28 His job is taking care of the patient.他的工作是照顾病人。His job 主语，名词taking care of the patient动名词短语做表语
29 The girl is very pretty.这女孩很漂亮。
The girl主语，名词very pretty.形容词，表语
30 He went mad.他疯了。
He 主语，代词mad形容词，表语
31 Please don’t get angry.请不要生气。
祈使句，缺少主语，get做系动词，后边的做表语
32 The weather is getting colder and colder.天变的越来越冷了，The weather 主语，名词colder and colder形容词短语做表语，形容词比较级and形容词比较级表示一个渐变的过程。
33 You look angry.你生气了。
You 主语，代词angry形容词，表语
34 She looks like her mother.她看起来象她妈妈。
She 主语，名词her mother名词，表语
35 You look unhappy, what’s the matter?你看起来不高兴，怎么了。Y ou 主语，名词unhappy形容词，表语
36 Those roses smell good.这些玫瑰花闻气来很香。
Those roses主语，名词good形容词，表语
37 This tastes nice. What’s in it? 这东西尝起来不错，它里边包的什么？This 代词，主语nice形容词，表语
38 Do you feel happy? 感觉快乐么。
Do you feel happy? 一般疑问句，do助动词提前，you主语，代词，happy形容词，表语
39 He remained silent.他保持沉默。
He 主语，代词silent形容词，表语
40 The weather is going to stay fine.天气将持续晴朗。
The weather 主语，名词fine形容词，表语
41 M y job is teaching English．我的工作是教英语。
M y job 主语，名词English名词，表语
42 She is at home．她在家呢。
She 主语，代词at home介词短语做表语
43 I feel terrible．我感觉很可怕。
I 主语，代词terrible形容词，表语
44 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
He 主语，代词older than he looks表语，形容词短语
45 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。He 主语，代词the book名词，表语
46 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。The story 主语，名词interesting形容词，表语
47 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。
The desk 主语，名词hard形容词，表语
48 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
The cake名词，主语nice形容词，表语
49 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。
The flowers主语，名词sweet and nice并列形容词做表语50 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。You 主语，代词taller than before形容词短语做表语
51 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。
He主语，代词ill形容词做表语
52 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。
He主语，代词still形容词做表语
53 He becomes a teacher ．他当了教师。
He主语，代词a teacher名词做表语
54 He looks well.他面色好。
He主语，代词well形容词做表语
55 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
It主语，代词nice形容词做表语
56 I feel good.我感觉好。
I主语，代词good形容词做表语
57 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
The egg主语，名词bad形容词做表语
58 He became a teacher at last.他最终成了一名教师。
He主语，代词a teacher名词做表语
59 His face turned red.他的脸变红了。
His face名词做主语red形容词做表语
60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher?
他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师？一般疑问句式，He主语，代词an English teacher名词做表语