重庆理工大学
文献翻译
二级学院重庆汽车学院
班级 1班
学生姓名宋峻哲学号010*********
UNDERSTAND CLUTCH IS THE FIRST
STEP TO REPAIR
For all the cars on the road, we only have two choices. Our own shift or make cars themselves shift, the third foot on duty will let me tell these car belongs to which type.
The third foot pedals are the clutch is the first part of the system, we will
see a common forms of the clutch. And the fault and repair of various forms.
Many mechanic ignore the clutch system, they only observe internal parts of the guest clutch. In any decision I have before, I declare that I said, not a mechanic engineer. There is no computer, this does not mean that the clutch is not high. They are high, but sometimes we as a high-tech mechanic, technology is still we need.
Gm has established several different ways of repair clutch system. Early system resemble each other. Pedal and connecting mains mains, one can enter the clutch control lever shell. Mechanical connection is not applicable to a four-wheel drive car. Except in an old car, we find the connection system, so I will no longer discuss connection system.
A clutch system has a cable manipulation. This form is more onefold, they mainly used for the old car. But they were widely used, so I'm going to talk about.
One of these early cable system was installed in Chevette Chevrolet obstfeld and Pontiac T - 1000. At the end of the role in the cable is a string. A conditioning nut on the string used to start regulator.
Cable and the bearing is whirly fork out for it, and we have seen seem instead, but in the clutch is bearing outer shell, rather than on the inside.
Stupid big double regulator not that used to other motors, but due to the front wheel drive, cable system seems to become the hottest system, the automatic clutch regulator is now.
A plastic gear system was applied in turn pole mechanical assembly, when the clutch plate, adjust and cable disappear stop. Plastic turned pole is an elastic one-way gear assembly. When the clutch is loose, spring will pull re-rotating cable. When the clutch assembly is completely wear, cables will be spring up to a one-way gear to the next.
When the clutch cable is worn or adjusting spring loose and free
adjustment is useless. If you want to adjust again with toes [the clutch. Such regulator will be back to normal, when the clutch is pressed, it will decline, or is not working, or sometimes rapid updates. Due to the rapid rotation, heat release, in the most rapid, it will be very annoying, is very dangerous.
Fortunately, the regulator seldom fully failure, whether regulator is wrong, will make it back for example.
Instead, including allowing smooth momentum from the foot pedals on reserve pin. Then lift the regulator, the brake pedal separate clutch cable ends. When moving the regulator, must pay attention to help, but the problem still exists, and maintenance will appear again soon, the first to relocate cable, then eliminate trouble.
In order to eliminate mechanical connection and cable, general adopted the next logical stage started using hydraulic clutch controller in every car and vans.
Hydraulic clutch is not a new invention, in my memory, they have been used for many years, but never striking. Mechanical system is cheap, simple.
When our car is becoming more and more fuel efficient, save a space, the heavy mechanical system soon lost market. Liquid so adjust parts.
The regulator may QiLingBaSui old and new regulators need to recover. It reminds you of puzzle game. When your reshipment new regulator to ensure you the clutch pedal in the correct position. Otherwise, we will release regulator claw or completely to lift the clutch pedal and right foot.
Whatever adjustment, clutch cable occasionally wear. Sometimes, cable will wear off in a terminal or. Sometimes the cable in clutch shell internal grinding bad or in the middle. Produce higher results and wear. These wear side may become very serious obstacle to clutch bearings, clutch skid or loose rapid wear.
Don't try to lubricate cable, solid lubricant can press, than to be more
useful clutch motor and transmission of the person concerned. The water hydraulic hoses even clutch foot pedals. It can be around or through many mechanical systems to reach.
Hydraulic brake system operating as brake system, the clutch pedal to push a foot pole into total control of cylinder. Total control of cylinder is a single piston shape and with a room, a drain hole, you may also require a more simple total control of the cylinder.
The liquid through a high-pressure water hose pressure rather than the delivery of brake, it is then pressed into liquid water reservoir.
Water is a single reservoir, the piston cylinder reminds you of a single wheel cylinder was blocked. Under pressure. The piston driven force, then reverse clutch bearings manipulation.
Because water reservoir with hydraulic operation. Stop hydraulic form, no special requirements of regulating the normal durability. Liquid water is stored in only reservoir and returns control cylinder. When the clutch is worn or self adjusting, this may be the first big re-rotating the state, if the total middle finger cylinder storage pools is lower, total control cylinder will wear or will have liquid leakage, however, a complete tank is not necessarily mean cylinder wear, someone may have to fill the tank.
Although hydraulic clutch not solve many problems, it also general invented a new problem. With these problems, the experimental determination and simplify the symptoms.
Whenever you doubt hydraulic sliding, don't blame hydraulic system, if the control, hydraulic cylinder failure may is the culprit. These may be caused by leakage control of the cylinder or wear, or store water delivery.
Hydraulic problems likely also by system obstacles, internal leakage and hydraulic port expansion of sealing device for hydraulic line is the obstacles or expansion of the sealing cylinder often means someone or use the wrong
sort of liquid or use the sewage system, all in the hydraulic device to relocate.
Don't managed to replace hydraulic system is only part of the pollution caused by pollution, these seemingly no problems of partial damage. In addition, reserve the pollution will damage the new parts, dredge cylinder brake system and standard of persuation different, you can just make crural footplate know it become stable, then open a roof caving screws, clutch will move and hinder pumping systems.
Exhaust pressure type often is your best bet, but for on-off liquid tank connectors.it can find a more durable, vacuum pump is a very good alternant, four in any circumstances to ensure a level, if the vehicle and tilt, air can be sealed.
Sometimes, no effective exhaust device or vacuum pumping equipment, or you can expedite system, the first attempt, open storage cylinder gravity exhaust flow, liquid through a system.
When gravity method, using a device failure for promoting leave foot pedals, attention, what I say is, not pull open channel according to pedal, swing, when it stops flowing liquid, raise the clutch pedal, foot as a few seconds, can repeat times a second, the maximum operating.When the pedals beating period, if you did not wait long enough, the reservoir will play without water back pure air, every time, waiting to be filled with liquid water reservoir. When shaking pedal, according to air and liquid flows from persuation device.
A system is that there will be a general dredge the booster shook push rod, observe the pedal, most of the moving water moving range is general cylinder to also don't believe 0.4 feet a worn hose.
The new general work with a plastic, cylinder attached to the belt with a rod and piston cylinder, general all the belt is adjusted. They are trying to prevent is outspread, steady heavy cylinders when pole. When the cylinder is
filled up will be broken when belt, you need not worry, they will make your job easier.
Greg Boyd where the clutch on recommended in the cylinder, replace rubber hoses, work, you can't afraid of pay VAT and not to do, this is a good method, you can make sure your work will be very smooth without 0.75 'to once every car manual, you will be easier to work.
A cylinder is stretched, but about a minute hold cylinder, look to whether store water in situ, if water storage keep in storage, returning to total control of water or will be revealed. Cylinder
If not mobile means system of air, water reservoirs have an internal leakage or liquids in total control of the error and not enough or the cylinder block mat in the clutch pedal bound feet into a ball.
No sufficient flow can also cause because total control of cylinder bending installation. When installing bending, crural footplate cannot give total control of cylinder provide enough displacement.
General work really requires some special attention to cylinder. If you want to use work, don't let it hanging in liquid hose, and gravity will play his forces, the work, sometimes filled cylinders liquid that can, but the expansion of liquid cylinders can cause leakage.
If work started out, reinstall the cylinder, it has no choice but to reinstall the pistons, don't MiJian, where, hope things will seal. In most cases it will be temporary reserves, then leak, the liquid will stop working.
When you move to work on the cylinder block, however, some material winding, to ensure the cylinder cylinder before moving on to install material, if still in this band, cylinders, will not normal, operation will fail.
In order not to damage the water hose, somewhere, hanging cylinder, the weight of the cylinder destruction water hose, but will make other parts, hose at work easily damaged.
When you work, you must make sure that, even if not personally inspected hose, by luck, when you are working with some problems in it will be very good reason.
Some general work not adjust lever, launched cylinder brake hydraulic device if the normal work, but also does not work, clutch must adjust lever to complement, in length, ensure the normal wear and mechanical clutch brake mechanical components or damage of bearing or bearing fork may cause the same question, then, adjust lever is no use.
In fact, if you adjust lever, will produce more questions, stem and cylinder piston cylinder to the lowest and cylinder effective work, now in the clutch may move abnormal operation, most of the time, the stem is installed beforehand, you can make it to operate, when all methods fail, you again.
When we examined the clutch system, there are a few things we note that these are the truth, general any clutch is not exceptional also, maintenance tasks is the key to determine its clutch failed. Then again, avoid apart from the normal durability need to consider we still need to consider some of the many things, so there is no fixed programs.
The flywheel: like a fade spots will appear in the surface of the flywheel. Also may see small cracks. These are due to high rotation of clutch. Heat is caused due to excessive sliding, very is due to the failure of the discomfort, spiral spring or drive, the normal damage can also cause slightly curved surfaces.
Disc connection between also can make the flywheel bending. Usually results in any worse, under such circumstances, the flywheel are to replace the change.
Needle bearing: this is one of the most neglected guy, a weak or inappropriate bearing will cause rapid disc wear. With the input shaft transmission is the damage and bearing. A tight clutch bearings as not all
work in the same. Needle bearing is sometimes the ball bearings, closed or a curved bearings, additional oil lubricant or blocked off, and metal holes caused bearing is tight.
Seal: any scrolling operation system or motor oil will eventually reach the clutch parts, although the old caused clutch sliding of the clutch is not oil pollution, but also to reposition the seal to prevent contamination of the other components.
Intermediate bearing: also called bearings, the bearing is a lot of pressure, whenever the clutch to install, it also according to the standard procedure reinstall the bearings, damage when used a buzzing noise. When the clutch pressure or loosen, noise can change, bearing in spline skidding, clutch, also won't work can produce a smooth imbalance in the load pressure plate, plate, the damage of the damaged parts must also replace.
Separate gearshift forks and bearings cabinet: wear and bending fork, cabinet will produce unbalanced load pressure in bearings and pressure plate, unbalanced load bearing and pressure will cause damage, must fork, then gently lubricating oil, give point, not excessive oil, pollution clutch.
Install benchmark: engine, gearbox shell and clutch must be installed in the same baseline, bending and will not start from the center of the lateral loads cause pressure, the pressure will completely destroy all the clutch parts, may damage the engine and transmission.
Other damage may be related to the users, however, before the clutch disc armoured off some cracks in the job will cause to split the clutch.
You should know that there are some very special universal clutch in general, these problems can be found in the newspaper, although no new component installation or are some outdated components installed, still remember these problems, because it could apply to other vehicles, these problems relating to vehicle can know more than we.
1984-1988, with V - 6 Camarosard motors and Firebirds: repeat or premature damage may be due to the fork block loose, make sure it was tight straight.
1988Camarosard and FirebirdsV - 6 engine: work is leaking from loosening cylinder, bent nails caused split-finger pitches. Also check the damage of bearing, retained in the fork boomerang. Work cylinder unbalanced loads cause leakage.
V - 6, rear wheel drive motor start-up or closed clutch noise, presentation, for the clutch parts damaged clutch motor and the damage is due in a clutch transmission line, from the engine into the stretch of less than 8.8 mm. Now, more can also on the general parts shop to buy.
1988Trucks C1500.2 MPV. 2-1 / WD, ton 4.3 V - 6 closed and yoke pivot design limit will cause the yoke will be tied to the tongue clutch bearings. 11-9-87 after a new design of the vehicle, bearings, it long 0.37 inches, general component, 2071736 Numbers.
The basic clutch has transform for several years, but the main material, the controller has changed, there are some common sense will go to the maintenance of high-tech clutch.
理解离合器的操作是维修的第一步
对于路上行驶的所有汽车,我们只有两种选择。我们自己换档或者让汽车自己换档,第三脚当班会让我判断出这些汽车属于哪一类型。
第三脚踏板是整个离合器系统的第一部分,我们将看一看通用的各种形式的离合器分离操作。以及故障和修复的各种形式。
许多修理工忽视整个离合器系统,他们仅观察离合器客内部的零件。在任何决定抨击我之前,我得声明我说的是技工,不是技师。这里没有计算机,这并不意味着离合器不是高科技。他们是高科技,但有时我们作为一名高科技技工,科技依然是我们所需要的。
通用已经建立了几种不同的修理离合器系统的方式。早期的系统彼此相似。脚踏板与联接器相联,次联接器操纵着一个可以进入离合器壳的杠杆。机械联接器不能适用于四轮驱动汽车。除非在一辆旧汽车里，我们是找不到联接系统的，所以我就不再讨论联接系统了。
下一种离合系统有一个电缆操纵。这种形式比较单一，他们主要用于旧车上。但他们却被广泛应用，所以我将谈论一下。
其中的一种早期电缆系统被安装在 Chevrolet Chevette和Pontiac T-1000上。在电缆起作用的一端有一个线杆。一个调节螺母在线杆上被用做开始调节器。
电缆拉回旋出轴承叉不是把它推出，对于我们所看到的似乎相反的动作，但轴承叉是在离合器壳外部转动，而不是在其内部。
笨大的双调节器不那用于其他通用汽车上，但是由于前轮驱动器的出现，电缆系统似乎成为了炙手可热的系统，现在离合调节器是自动的。
一个塑料齿轮制转杆机械被应用在离合板装配上，当电缆消失，离合调节也停止。塑料制转杆是一个弹力单向齿轮装配。当离合器松开，弹簧将拉器离合电缆。当离合装配被完全磨损，电缆将被弹簧拉起去对
着单向齿轮的下一个齿。
当离合电缆被磨损或者调节弹簧变松，自由调节就没用了。如果想再次调节只需用脚趾提器离合器踏板。这样调节器将自动恢复正常，当离合器被按下时，它将下滑，要不就是完全不工作或者有时快速更新运转。由于快速旋转，热量将快速释放，在大多数时候，这将是非常恼人的，也是非常危险的。
幸运的是，调节器很少完全失灵，无论调节器出了差错，例检都会使它恢复的。
取代包括允许滑动量，保留销从脚踏板上。然后抬起离合踏板上的调节器，分开离合器电缆末端。当移动调节器，要注意能有帮助，但维修问题依然存在，而且会很快再次出现，首先要重新安置电缆，然后消除麻烦。
为了消除机械联接和电缆问题，通用采用了下一个逻辑阶段开始使用液压离合控制器在每一个汽车上和轻型货车上。
液压离合器不是新的发明，在我的记忆中，他们已经使用很多年了，但却从没引人注目。机械系统是便宜，简单的。
当我们的新车变的越来越省油，省空间时，那些笨重的机械系统很快就失去了市场。液所以调节零件的位置。
老式的调节器可能会七零八碎，而新式的调节器需要恢复原位。这让你想起拼图游戏。当你重装新的调节器确保你的离合器踏板在正确的位置。否则，我们就很难释放调节器爪或是完全抬起离合器脚踏板而取得合适操作。
不管哪种调节，离合器电缆偶尔会磨损。有时，电缆将磨损或者在某端坏掉。有时电缆将在离合器壳内部磨坏或在中部磨损。产生更高的结果和磨损边。这些磨损边可能变得很严重以阻碍离合器分离轴承松开，引起离合器打滑或者快速磨损。
不要试图润滑电缆，解固润滑剂可压离合器更加有用，比起被人关心的马达和传动系统。液压输水软管连者离合器脚踏板。它可以围绕或
者穿过许多机械系统不易到达的地方。
液压离合系统的操作就像刹车系统，离合器脚踏板推起一个杆进入
总控制缸。总控制缸是一个单活塞形的并带着一室，一排放孔，你也可
能要求一个更简单的总控制缸了。
液体通过一个高压输水软管压出而不是那种容易变形的刹车输水
管，液体然后就被压进储水缸。
储水缸也是一个单活塞缸，这使你想起一面被堵住的单轮缸。在压
力下。活塞迫使驱动杆反向离合，然后操纵分离轴承。
因为储水缸以液压操作。阻挡液压形成特别状，没有要求调节的正
常耐用性。液体仅是保存在储水缸里而不是返回总控制缸。当离合器磨
损或者自我调节时，这个可能是离合状态的第一个大暗示，如果总中指
缸储水池比较低，总控制缸就会磨损或者将有液体泄露，然而，一个完
全的蓄水池不一定以为着缸不被磨损，某人可能已经填满了蓄水池。
尽管液压离合器没有解决很多通用的问题，它也创出了一个新问
题。伴随着这些问题，实验确定并简化了症状。
每当你怀疑液压打滑，不要责怪液压系统，如果控制缸失灵，那么
液压器可能就是罪魁祸首。这些泄露可能是控制缸引起的或磨损的输水
管，或储水缸引起的。
液压问题也可能由系统中阻碍液压端口，内部泄露，膨胀的密封装
置或者是液压线中的阻碍膨胀的密封缸经常意味着某人或使用了错误种
类的液体或使用了污水在系统中，所有的液压器需要重新安置。
不要设法取代污染液压系统的唯一部分，这些污染将引起对看似没
有问题部分的损伤。此外，保留这些污染将损坏新的部件，疏通缸内系
统和标准的刹车疏导不同，你不能只是使脚踏板知道它变得稳定，然后
打开一个冒顶螺丝钉，离合器将移动并妨碍抽水系统。
压力式排气管经常是你的最好赌注，但是为离合液体蓄水池找一个
接合器可能更耐用，真空的抽水器四一个很好的交替，在任何情况下都
要确保车辆是水平的，如果前后倾斜，空气可能被封住。
有时候，没有有效的排气装置或真空抽水装备，你还是能畅通系统，首先尝试引力排气，打开蓄水缸，让液体流下穿过系统。
当引力方法失败，使用一个帮装置推动离开脚踏板，注意，我所说的是推，不是拉，按下脚踏板，打开疏导装置，当液体停止流动关闭它，抬起离合器脚踏板，等几秒钟，可能最多一秒，重复次操作。
当脚踏板跳动期间，如果你没有等足够长的时间，储水缸将来回击打而不会清净空气，每一次等待的时候，液体将重新添满储水缸。当按下脚踏板时，液体和空气将从疏导装置中流出。
一但系统被疏导通，将有一个助力器推下脚踏板，观察杆在储水缸的移动，大多数的通用汽缸移动范围是0.4英尺到也不要相信一个磨损的软管。
新的通用工作缸有一个塑料带，此带连着个带有杆和活塞的汽缸上，通用所有的皮带都是调整带。他们是为了阻止汽缸延伸，稳固杆重装时。当汽缸被填满时皮带将被弄坏，你不用担心，它们将使你的工作更容易。
Greg boyd在LUK离合器的上推荐代替主缸，橡皮软管，工作缸，你不能怕花钱而不去做，这是一个好方法，你会确定你的工作将很顺利而不0.75英尺，到一下每辆汽车的说明书，你将更容易的工作。
一但汽缸被拉长，握住汽缸约一分钟，看是否储水缸保持原位，如果储水缸开始返回，在储水缸或者总控制缸中将有泄露。
如果不移动就意味着系统中仍有空气，储水缸有一个内部泄露或者液体由于出错的总的总控制缸而不充足地或者木版垫在离合器脚踏板捆成一团。
不充足的流动也会引起由于总控制缸安装板弯曲。当安装板弯曲，脚踏板不能给总控制缸提供足够的位移。
通用工作汽缸确实要求一些特殊注意。如果你想重新使用工作缸，不要让它悬在液体软管上，引力将发挥他的作用力，把工作缸填满液体，有时这样就可以了，但汽缸的液体的膨胀可以引起泄露。
如果工作缸开始泄露，重新安装它，别无选择，不要重新安装活塞，封密件，希望结合处的东西将密封。大多数情况下它将暂时保留液体，然后泄露，结果将是停止工作。
当你重新移动工作缸，在其上缠绕一些橡皮圈，然而阻止汽缸膨胀，要确保在重新安装汽缸前移动橡皮圈，如果橡皮圈仍在，汽缸将不能正常发动，操作将失败。
为了不损坏输水软管，要把汽缸悬在某处，不，工作缸的重量不至于损坏输水软管，但会使软管转动，使其他零件在工作时很容易损坏。
当你在工作时，一定要确保亲自检查软管，即便没有泄露，是凭运气，当你在工作中碰到一些难题时这将是很好的理由。
一些通用工作缸没有调节发动杆，如果离合液压器正常工作，而了离合器又不工作，就需调节杆来补充，在调节杆长前，确保离合器机械正常，磨损的离合机械部件或损坏的分离轴承或轴承叉也可能引起同样的问题，这时，调节杆就没有什么用了。
事实上，如果杆的调节过度，你会产生更多的问题，杆和汽缸活塞能降到汽缸的最低点而让汽缸有效的工作，现在离合器可能在移动端非正常操作，大多数时候杆是事先安装的，你可让它自行运作，当所有方法失败时，你再进行调节。
当我们检查过离合器系统时，我们还有一些事情注意，这些是任何离合器的真理，通用也不例外，维修任务离合器的关键是决定它失败的原因。然后避免再次发生，除了正常的耐用性需要考虑我们还需要考虑一些许多事情，因此没有固定的程序。
飞轮：象一个褪色斑点一样将出现在飞轮表面。也可能会看到小的裂痕。这些都是由于高温旋转离合器引起的。热量是由于过分滑动引起的，非常是由于不适的调节，失效的螺旋型弹簧或是驱动器，正常的损坏也会引起轻微的表面弯曲。
圆盘之间连接点也会使飞轮弯曲。通常结果更糟，在任何这样情况下，飞轮都要被重新换替换掉。
滚针轴承：这是一个最容易被忽视的家伙，一个不牢固或者不适合的轴承将会引起快速的圆盘磨损。伴随着的是变速器输入轴的和轴承的损坏。一个紧的轴承就象离合器一样不会全部在工作中。滚针轴承有时是封闭的球状轴承，或是一个弯曲的轴承，额外的油或润滑剂堵住金属孔然后干掉，引起轴承较紧。
油封：任何滚动运转系统或马达的油将最终到达离合器部件引起离合器滑动，尽管旧的离合器没有被油污染，也要重新放置油封以防止污染其他部件。
中间轴承: 也叫分离轴承,这个轴承受到很多压力,每当离合器重新安装时,它也要根据标准的程序重新安装,损坏的轴承使用时会发出嗡嗡的响声.当离合器压紧或松开时,噪声会发生变化,轴承将在花键上打滑,离合器也不会平稳工作,还可能产生不平衡的负载压在压盘上,损坏压盘,损坏的部件也必须重新更换.
分离拨叉和分离轴承箱体:磨损和弯曲拨叉,箱体将产生不平衡的负载压在分离轴承和压盘上,不平衡的负载将引起轴承和压盘的损坏,必须轻轻的润滑拨叉,然后,给连接点上油,不要过度的上油,那样会污染离合器.
安装基准:发动机,离合器壳和变速器必须安装在同一基准线上,弯曲和脱离中心的不见启动时会引起侧面负载压力,这个压力将完全毁坏所有的离合器部件,也可能损坏发动机和变速器.
其他的损坏可能与使用者的使用不当有关,然而,重装前脱落的离合器圆盘可能有些裂痕,在工作时将引起来离合器裂开.
你应该知道还有一些非常特别的通用离合器问题,这些问题在通用的报纸中可以找到,尽管没有新的部件的安装或者说都是些过时的部件的安装,还是要记住这些问题,因为这可能适用于其他车辆,这些问题所涉及到的车辆可能比我们知道的要多.
1984-1988，带有V-6马达的Camarosard和Firebirds:重复或过早的损坏可能是由于松动的叉块引起的,要确保它是紧的直的.
1988Camarosard和FirebirdsV-6发动机:工作缸泄露可能是由松动,弯曲的叉球钉引起的.也要检查一下损坏的轴承,保留曲形钉在叉子上.工作缸不平衡负载会引起泄露.
V-6发动机后轮驱动,启动或者关闭离合器产生噪声时,说明会损坏离合器,对于离合器部件的损坏是由于发动机和离合器壳体变速器没在一交直线上,从发动机上伸出小于8.8mm的定位钉.现在,更长的也可以在通用的部件商店中买到.
1988Trucks and MPV C1500.2WD,1/2-ton 4.3 V-6 闭和轭轴转设计极限将引起轭舌将绑在离合器分离轴承上。11-9-87之后的车辆有一个新的设计,分离轴承叉,它长0.37英寸,通用部件,编号2071736号.这个基本的离合器已经变换了好多年，但是主要材料，控制器已经改变了，有一些常识的人将去维修高科技的离合器。
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