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2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解

第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个最接近的选项。

第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。

The Theory of Everything

If Stephen Hawking lives until the year2017,he will have lived more than50 years longer than his doctors expected.When he was a college student,doctors discovered that he had a rare disease.This disease causes a gradual disintegration (分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.

Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak.He cannot move his arms or his head.He cannot taste or smell anything.And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University,a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in1669.

Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein,but to the world outside science,he is also known as the man who made scientific theory

understandable.His book,A Brief History of Time,has sold over eight million copies.

He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about,such as washing the car or working in the yard,he can dedicate all of his time to thinking.This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to.His question is:Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?

Despite his tremendous physical disabilities,he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe,how the universe holds together,and how it will probably end.He has also been able to explain the secrets of“black holes”in space.Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey.He calls it the Theory of Everything.He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next20years.

If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything,he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.

16.Stephen Hawking will be50years old by2017.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

17.Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18.Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19.A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20.Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn’t have to work.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21.Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of“black holes”.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22.The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

【答案与解析】

16.B定位:根据关键词50years和2017可定位至文章第一段第一句。

点睛:原文第一段第一句明确提到“he will have lived more than50years longer than his doctors expected”(他将比医生预测的时间多活了50年)。由此可知,霍金并不是在2017年才50岁,因此本题说法是错误的。故选B项。

17.A定位:根据关键词rare disease可定位至文章第一段第二、三句。

点睛:原文第一段第三句明确提到“This disease causes a gradual disintegration (分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity.”(该疾病导致调节肌肉自主活动的脑细胞内部的神经细胞逐渐分解)。由此可知本题说法是正确的,故本题选A。

18.A定位:根据关键词“Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University”可定

位至文章第二段最后一句。

点睛:原文第二段最后一句明确提到“this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University”(他是剑桥大学数学教授)。由此可知本题说法是正确的,故本题选A。

19.B定位:根据关键词“A Brief History of Time”可定位至文章第三段。

点睛:原文第三段明确提到“he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable.His book,A Brief History of Time,has sold over eight million copies.”(他因为能将科学理论阐述的通俗易懂而为人们所知。他的书,《时间简史》已售出超过八百万复印本)。因此本题说法是错误的。故选B项。

20.A定位:根据关键词think和work可定位至文章第四段第一句。

点睛:原文第四段第一句明确提到“he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about,such as washing the car or working in the yard,he can dedicate all of his time to thinking.”(他不用考虑自己的身体或者像其他人一样做任何需要担忧的事,如洗车或者在院子里劳动,他可以将所有的时间都花在思考上)。由此可知本题说法是正确的,故本题选A。

21.C点睛:文中并未提到他花了十年时间解释“黑洞”理论,故选C项。

22.A定位:根据关键词“The Theory of Everything”可定位至文章第五段第三四句。

点睛:原文第五段第三四句明确提到“he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey.He calls it the Theory of Everything.”

(他正在寻找一套宇宙上所有事物都必须遵循的规则,他称之为万物理论)。由此可知本题说法是正确的,故本题选A。

第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题:(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Geothermal(地热)Energy

1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones,the heat from the earth’s center flows outwards towards the surface.In this way,it transfers to the next layer of rock.If the temperature is high enough,some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆).The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth’s

surface.It often remains well below the earth’s surface,creating vast areas of hot rock.In such regions,there are deep cracks,which allow rainwater to descend underground.Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth’s surface where it will appear as a hot spring.However,if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock,it remains trapped,forming a geothermal reservoir.If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface,they can be reached by drilling wells.Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally,and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.

2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water.In these cases,the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator.The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy,was of this type,and is still producing electricity today.

3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either“flash”steam plants or binary(双重的)plants.Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from300°to700°Fahrenheit.This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir,it “flashes”or boils into steam.Again,the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity.The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir.Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.

4.A reservoir with temperatures below300°Fahrenheit is not hot enough to

2016年考研英语一真题及答案

2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) 真题及答案(完整版) Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France [A] Physical beauty would be redefined [B] New runways would be constructed

2016考研英语二真题:小作文解析

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2016年考研管理类联考英语二真题.pdf

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