语法基本概念
单词
实词：名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词、副词
虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词
短语
不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、介词短语、独立短语
句子
1.主语+谓语动词（不及物动词）
Every minute counts.
2.主语+谓语动词（及物动词）+宾语
The students all love their English teacher.
3.主语+系动词+表语
Truth is the daughter of time.
4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He often gives his seat to an old person.
5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语
They considered that a downright lie. 他们认为那是彻头彻尾的谎言。
名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
个体名词
通常作不可数名词
fun, advice, weather, progress, information, bread, butter, baggage, clothing, equipment, furniture, homework, juice, luggage, luck, music, milk, meat, production, permission, practice, rubber, rice, soup, wealth, word (=news)
特殊意义的名词复数
papers文件，试卷，报纸，论文goods货物，商品glasses眼镜sands沙滩woods树林times时代arms武器looks外表works工产pains努力waters水域
集体名词
1.通常作不可数名词的集体名词
Clothing 衣服furniture 家具baggage/luggage行李equipment设备traffic交通machinery机械produce产物
这类集体名词的用法与不可数名词相当
1）形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Our clothing protects us from cold. 衣服保护我们免受寒冷。
2）不可直接与a(n)或数词连用，表数量时用much, little, some, a piece of, an article of等，如：Each room has four pieces of furniture. 每间房有四件家具。
3）若需用代词，用单数代词。如：
Do you want to see my jewelry? It is in the box. 你想看我的珠宝吗？它在我的箱子里。
2.通常作复数的集体名词
police警察cattle牛，家畜
这些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
The police are looking for him. 警察当局正在找他。
3.即可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
people人们，人民family家庭，家人team队public公众，人群audience听众group 团体government政府
这些集体名词当作一个整体，用作单数，且常常与定冠词the连用；若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时，看作复数。
The family are all fund of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。
The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞。
4.A committee, etc. of+复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee/panel/board... of+复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。如：A committee of six men and five women is to consider the matter. 六男五女组成的委员会将考虑这个问题。
例：The police _____investigating the murder case. A. is B. are C. was D. were New machinery_____introduced in the factory. A. is B. are C. was D. were
B C
抽象名词的惯用法
1）of+抽象名词=形容词，如：a man of ability=an able man有能力的人
2）of+great+抽象名词=very+形容词，如：It is of great value.=It is very valuable. 这东西很贵重。
3）of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词，如：It is of no use.=It is not useful.
以-s结尾的名词的数
1.表示学科、游戏、疾病的名称以及像the United States这样的专有名词，用作单数。Physics is the mother of sciences. 物理为一切学科之母。
Statistics is a branch of mathematics. 统计学是数学的分支。
The statistics in that report are incorrect. 那份报告里的统计数字不正确。
2.表示衣物（如jeans, trousers, pants, pajamas），表示两部分构成的工具机械（如scissors, ）glasses, binoculars, scales, spectacles），表示山脉、群岛、瀑布的专有名词，某些以-ings结尾的名词（earnings, savings, surroundings），表示某类东西的总称9如clothes）以及不表示学科的以-ics结尾的词（如politics），都用作复数。如：
My clothes are dirty. 我的衣服脏了。
My earnings this year are not half of yours. 我今年的收入不到你的一半。
限定词与名词的搭配关系
只接单数
Each, every, either, neither, many a(n), such a(n), what a(n)等
只接复数
Several, both, (a) few, a couple of, a number of等
只接不可数名词
(a)little, much, less, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等
只接可数名词
the first, the second, the last, the next等
例：The statistics___that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove
D
主谓一致语法讲解（语法一致、意义一致和就近原则）
1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；但如果主语为and 连接的两个不定式、动名词以及从句时，谓语用复数形式。
Reading often means learning.
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.
2.当主语由and连接，表示同一人、同一物或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The actor and singer was well received by the audience.
3.由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each，every，many a(n)，no时，谓语动词用单数。Each book and (each) paper is found in its place.
4.each，every，each and every，either，neither，one，another，litter，a little和much作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词永远用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
注意：复数主语+each之后用复数动词
We each have our advantages.=We have our advantages each.
5.Everyone，everybody，everything，anyone，anybody，anything，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing作主语时，用单数动词。
There is something wrong with my watch.
6.None，some，any，more，most，all等代词作主语时，动词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right.
All are present.
7.“all，none，most，majority，part，enough，some，one half，the rest，the remainder，a portion 等+of...”短语，或者more than...作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常由所修饰的名词、代词的数决定。
More than one person is going to lose his job.
More than 500 people are going to lose their jobs.
8.当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词的时候，谓语动词采用单数形式。
Two miles is a short distance.
9.一般来说，不可数名词及可数名词的谓语用动词单数，可数名词复数的谓语用动词复数，但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Two thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
10.当主语后面跟有including，with，together with，along with，like，in addition to，as well as，rather than，as much as，more than，no less than，but，except，accompanied by等连接的短语时，谓语动词不受这些词组的影响，与前面的主语一致。
He as well as I wants to go boating.
11.在定语从句中，若引导词在从句中充当主语，谓语的数要跟先行词一致。
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you.
12.当or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also连接两个以上主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here，there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
13.当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
14.“the+形容词”作主语，代表单数名词时用单词动词；如果意义指一类人，则应视为复数，谓语动词也应该用复数。
In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate.
15.疑问代词which作主语时，其动词是单数还是复数根据which所指的单复数而定；但who 作主语时，即使被问者是复数，通常也用单数动词。
Which is more valuable, health or wealth?
Which are prettier, these or those?
Who wants to come with me?--We do.
1.All the President’s Men_________one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.
A. remain
B. remains
C. remained
D. is remaining
2.Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ______for Europe this afternoon.
A.are to leave
B. are leaving
C. is leaving
D. Leave
3. How close parents are to their children______ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A.have
B. has
C. having
D. to have
4. It is futile(徒劳无益的）to discuss the matter further, because_______going to agree upon anything today.
A.neither you nor I are
B. neither you nor me is
C. neither you nor I am
D. neither me nor you are
5. You may find each children in the kindergarten_____a different answer to the question.
A.give B gives C. gave D. Giving
6. The iron and steel industry____an important part in our economy.
A.plays
B. played
C. play
D. playing
7. My cousin, who _____ a painter, is in Japan at present.
A.are B is C was D were
8.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____saved for other purposes.
A is
B are
C was
D were
9.One-third of the country ____covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people.
A.is;are
B. is;is
C. are;are
D. are;is
10.Either you or one of your students ____to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A.are
B. is
C. have
D. Be
练习题
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.
A. hundreds people
B. hundred people
C. hundreds peoples
D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing out
D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us
all.
A. is to hold; is
B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is
D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
A. were; it
B. are; them
C. was; it
D. is; them
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
A. is exploited
B. are exploited
C. had exploited
D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have
B. Had
C. Has
D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
A. are watching
B. is watching
C. is seeing
D. are seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. would be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young
people on their way to the village.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved
B. is not preserved
C. were preserved
D. have not been preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
A. have
B. had
C. have been
D. has been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
A. going to be
B. /
C. is
D. that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered
B. is covering
C. were covered
D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
A. being
B. are
C. was
D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are
B. is
C. am
D. were
21. “ The Kites” ______ us a st ory of the kite’s history.
A. have told
B. tells
C. were told
D. was told
22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
A. were
B. are
C. is
D. am
23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
A. are telling
B. is telling
C. are given
D. were given
24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
A. rots away
B. rot away
C. has rotted away
D. are rotted away
25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
A. is cleaning
B. are cleaning
C. were cleaning
D. have cleaned
26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A. have known
B. knows
C. is known
D. are known
27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.
A. were
B. has been
C. had been
D. was
28. “ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？”
“______ .”
A. Nobody of us has
B. Nobody of us have
C. None of us has
D. None of us did
29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.
A. were advancing
B. were advanced
C. was advancing
D. advancing
30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.
A. is enjoy
B. were enjoying
C. enjoys
D. enjoy
主谓一致详解 【基础知识】 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配： 语法一致原则(grammatical concord) 意义一致原则(notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如： This table is a genuine antique. Both parties have their own advantages. Her job has something to do with computers. She wants to go home. They are divorcing each other. Mary was watching herself in the mirror. The bird built a nest. Susan comes home every week-end. （二）意义一致原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. The United States is a developed country. It is the remains of a ruined palace. The archives was lost.
初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020
I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
蚄主谓一致 蚈1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 肈2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 螃（1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 螃I often help him and he often helps me. 聿（2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 薆The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3） （4）蒂就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 蕿并列主语的谓语一致 1. 2.芆And 羄（1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 芁Tom and Jack are close friends. （2） （3）虿两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 蚇The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （4） （5）蒁被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 肀every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 蝿Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （6） （7）肈一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 膃Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
．主谓一致 主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。 1.语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如： Tom doesn’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。 Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。 2.意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。 有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如： The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。 The news was exciting. 这条消息令人振奋。 3.就近原则 就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如： Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。 Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。 主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题， 1.主语为集体名词 (1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一 个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式，如： Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。（group 指小组成员）Our group is made up of four girls and five boys. 我们小组有4个女孩和5个男孩组成。（group 指小组整体） The population in China is very large, and one third of the population are farmers. 中国的人口很多，其中三分之一是农民。（前一个population 指整体，后一个population 指成员） (2)某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, youth 等常作复数看待，谓语动词与复数形式的谓语搭配，如： The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜寻他。 The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜从山上被赶走了。 3.某些名词如equipment（设备），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠宝），clothing（衣服），machinery（机械），表示单数 概念，谓语动词要相应地采用单数形式,如： A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备代替了。 All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots. 这个厂所有的机械都由机器人来控制的。 2.主语为代词 (1)．有些代词尽管意义上是多数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这类代词有：either, neither, each, another, somebody, someone, something, anything, anyone, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等，如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围所有的东西都是物质。 注意： ①在neither of 与either of 的结构中，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，如： Neither of them was / were in good health, but both worked hard. 他们俩身体都不好，但工作却都很努力。 ②each 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数形式, each 用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数形式。each of, each one of 后 接复数名词或代词，但谓语动词常用单数形式。 Each (one) of the houses was different. 每座房子都不同。 Each student has been given their own e-mail address. 每个学生都得到了一个自己的电子邮件地址。
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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英语语法主谓一致 指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题，可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则，总结如下： 一.谓语动词用单数 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。 例如：To work hard is necessary.努力工作是必要的。 Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。 It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词)用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The United States was formed in 1776.美国于1776年成立。 The New York Times still has a wide circulation.纽约时报发行量仍然很大。 Roots is a novel about a black family.《根》是一部关于(美国)黑人家庭的小说。 (3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。 例如：Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。 4)表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。(5)有些名词形式是复数，意义为单数，作主语时，要求单数动词。 例如：The chaos was stopped by the police.混乱被警察阻止了。 The news is a great encouragement to us.这新闻对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。 Her present whereabouts is still unknown.她目前的行踪仍然不明。 (6)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟as well as (以及)，no less than (不少于……，多达)，rather than(而不是)，more than(不止是，超过)，but(除了)，except(除……外)，besides( 加之，还有)，with(和……一起，和……一块儿)，along with(跟……一起)，accompanied by ( 由……陪同)，combined with(加上)，in addition to(除……以外)，including(包括)，together with(与……一起)等，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 (7)某些不定代词，如：either,neither,each,one,other,another,anybody,anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等，当他们作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如：Each of the boys has an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。 Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。 但是口语中当either或neither后+of+复数名词(或代词)作定语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。例如：Is (Are)either of the boys ready?两个男孩都准备好了吗? Neither of the novels is (are)interesting.哪一本小说都没意思。 (8)集合名词作主语表示整体概念时，动词用单数谓语形式。 例如：The government is made up of senior members of the four main right wing parties. 这届政府由四个主要右翼党的高级官员组成。 His family is not very large.他的家庭并不太大。 The staff of our school is opposed to the drastic changes in the system of education.
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解 本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致 等常见考点。 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
初中英语主谓一致语法讲解 （名师总结必考语法知识，值得下载） 1.定义：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，同时主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 2.什么叫语法一致原则？ 指当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式，当主语是复数形式时，谓语用复数形式。 例如：Mike________（is / are）a good student. 迈克是个好学生。Mike为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单数。 The children often ________（plays / play）football on the playground. 孩子们经常在操场上踢足球。 children为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。 3.什么叫意义一致原则？ 指主语形式上为单数，但所表达的意义为复数，因此谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：My family ________（is / are）having lunch now. 我们一家人
现在正吃午饭。 Family指一家人，所以谓语用复数。 Twenty dollars ________（is / are）too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 Twenty dollars这里是一个单独的个体，所以意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 4.什么叫就近一致原则？ 指谓语动词的单复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。 例如：Not only the teacher but also his students ________（like / likes）playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 Like前面的主语为students,故根据就近原则谓语动词用复数形式。 There ________（is / are）a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 Be动词后面靠近它的是a pen,所以谓语动词用单数形式。 5.常见用法： 1）主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为
主谓一致讲解教案 一、授课时间：2012年1月4日 二、授课内容：语法点主谓一致讲解 三、授课重难点： 1、授课重点：主谓一致三原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则 2、授课难点：主谓一致常考题型 四：授课过程 Step I 课程引入 由三个例句导入主谓一致的概念 1.I am a student. 2.They are students. 3.She is a teacher. 我们可以看出主语不同，谓语动词的形式就不同 主谓一致：谓语动词的人称和数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 Step II 讲述 一、主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则 分别对每个原则中的每一项进行讲解，并且举出例句，和学生互动。 1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 （1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. （2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And （1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. （2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. （5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致） What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时，谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 （1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。 如：family，company, committee, government, nation,
Exercise for subject-verb concord choice: manager or his assistant __ going to attend the meeting. A. were B. are C. is D. has 2. Two weeks __ enough for us to finish the task. B. are 3. Her politics __ neither conservative nor liberal. B. has been C. was D. is round and a square table __ in the shop window. A. was exhibiting B. was exhibited C. were exhibiting exhibited he got to the fair, what were left behind __ ten empty bottles. A. was B. were is always a possibility that the infection will return, but so far there __ been no signs of trouble. A. has D. had 7. George is the only one of the brightest students who __ from New York University. graduated graduated graduated D. are graduated 8. Hard work and plain living _ characteristics of the working class. A. were B. is C. has been the first part of the book is easy, the rest __ . A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 10. Every policeman and fireman __ on the alert. A. was B. were C. have been D. are 11. Since the Chernobyl nuclear explosion，The public__ great concern over the safety of nuclear power plants. A. has shown B. showed C. shows D. is shown 12. Ten percent of the workers in this city __ now on strike. A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be 13. Several of the cups in the set __ in delivery. A. were smashed B. was smashing C. was smashed D. were smashing 14. Bacon and scrambled eggs __ the standard American breakfast. A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be 15. In cold climates, the wood-frame dwelling, properly built and insulated, _ warmest type of home. A. and the B. the C. is the D. where it is growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes __ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A. allow C. allowing D. have allowed 17. Television is one of the great advances in methods of communication that _ made in the 19th century. A. was B. were C. are D. has been 18. The office staff __ gathered to hear the president speak. A. will B. are D. has been 19. The auxiliary police __ to report for duty at the headquarters immediately.