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1、In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn`t affect her. 2006年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb扮演的Miranda Priestly，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她.
1.1 version英/'v???(?)n/ 美/'v??n/n. 版本；译文；倒转术
1.2 devil英/'dev(?)l/ 美/'d?vl/n. 魔鬼；撒旦；家伙；恶棍vt. 折磨
1.3 scold英/sk??ld/ 美/skold/n. 责骂；爱责骂的人vt. 骂；责骂vi. 责骂；叱责
1.4 assistant英/?'s?st(?)nt/ 美/?'s?st?nt/n. 助手，助理，助教adj. 辅助的，助理的；有帮助的
2、Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant`s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. 然后Priestly说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。
2.1 descend英/d?'send/ 美/d?'s?nd/vi. 下降；下去；下来；遗传；屈尊vt. 下去；沿…向下
2.2 bargain英/?bɑ?ɡ?n/ 美/?bɑrɡ?n/n. 交易；便宜货；契约v. 讨价还价；议价；(谈价钱后)卖
2.3 bin英/b?n/ 美/b?n/n. 箱子，容器；二进制vt. 把…放入箱中
2.4 garment英/'gɑ?m(?)nt/ 美/'gɑrm?nt/n. 衣服，服装；外表，外观vt. 给…穿衣服
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1、This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. 时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与Elizabeth Cline对“快餐时尚”的这三年的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。
1.1 top-down英/,t?p'da?n/ 美/,tɑp'da?n/adj. [计] 自顶向下；组织管理严密的
1.2 odds英/?dz/ 美/ɑdz/n. 几率；胜算；不平等；差别at odds with与…争执，意见不一致；与…不和；差异
1.3 feverish英/'fi?v(?)r??/ 美/'fiv?r??/adj. 发热的；极度兴奋的
1.4 indictment英/?n'da?tm(?)nt/ 美/?n'da?tm?nt/n. 起诉书；控告
2、In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. 在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像Zara，H&M，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。
2.1 anticipate英/?n't?s?pe?t/ 美/?n't?s?'pet/vt. 预期，期望；占先，抢先；提前使用
3、Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don`t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. 更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。这些商标煽动那些关心样式的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品，而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部更新店面的衣服。
3.1 inventory英/'?nv(?)nt(?)r?/ 美/'?nv?nt?ri/n. 存货，存货清单；详细目录；财产清册
3.2 disposal英/d?'sp??z(?)l/ 美/d?'spozl/n. 处理；支配；清理；安排
3.3 wardrobe英/'w??dr??b/ 美/?w?rd?rob/n. 衣柜；行头；全部戏装
4、By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。
4.1 dirt英/d??t/ 美/d?t/n. 污垢，泥土；灰尘，尘土；下流话dirt-cheap英/'d?:t't?i:p/ 美/'d?:t't ?i:p/adj. 毫无价值的；贱如粪土的；非常便宜的adv. 非常便宜地
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1、The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that
strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. 这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。对于H&M来说，为其全球2300家分店提供一个5.95美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。
1.1 victim英/'v?kt?m/ 美/'v?kt?m/n. 受害人；牺牲品；牺牲者
1.2 knit英/n?t/ 美/n?t/n. 编织衣物；编织法vt. 编织；结合vi. 编织；结合；皱眉
1.3 volume英/'v?lju?m/ 美/'vɑljum/n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vt. 把…收集成卷vi. 成团卷起
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1、Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s The Omnivore`s Dilemma. 《过度装扮》是时尚界对像Michael Pollan的The Omnivore`s Dilemma这样的消费者权益维护者的畅销书的回答。
2、Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. “大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline认为。她还发现，美国人一年大概要买200亿件衣物-平均每人64件一年-不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。
2.1 durable英/'dj??r?b(?)l/ 美/'d?r?bl/n. 耐用品adj. 耐用的，持久的
2.2 roughly英/'r?fl?/ 美/'r?fli/adv. 粗糙地；概略地
2.3 excess英/?k'ses; ek-; 'ekses/ 美/'?k's?s/n. 超过，超额；过度，过量；无节制adj. 额外的，过量的；附加的
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1、Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. 在《过度装扮》的最后部分, Cline 介绍的她理想的典范, 一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Beaumont, 从2008年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物,并且毫不逊色。
2、But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can`t be knocked off.但是像Cline 记录的那样, Beaumont 花了十年时间完善她的手艺;这个例子不该被忽略。
2.1 craft英/krɑ?ft/ 美/kr?ft/n. 工艺；手艺；太空船vt. 精巧地制作
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1、Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. 虽然许多快餐式时尚公司已经努力控制对劳动力和环境的消极影响，包括H&M公司的绿色循环生产线，Cline依然相信只有消费者的改变才能对此产生长久的改变。
1.1 curb英/k??b/ 美/k?b/n. 抑制；路边；勒马绳vt. 控制；勒住
2、She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can`t afford to it. 她提出对于多数可持续发展（不论是对于食物和能量）的支持者都同有的理想。浮华在继续着；只有在被逼无奈之下人们在消费时才会考虑到可持续性。
2.1 exhibit英/?g'z?b?t; eg-/ 美/?ɡ'z?b?t/n. 展览品；证据；展示会vt. 展览；显示；提出（证据等）vi. 展出；开展览会
2.2 advocate英/'?dv?ke?t；-?t/ 美/??dv?ke?t；-et/n. 提倡者；支持者；律师vt. 提倡，主张，拥护
2.3 sustainability英/s?'ste?n?b?l?t?/ 美/s?,sten?'b?l?ti/n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性
2.4 Vanity 英/?v?n?ti/ 美/'v?n?ti/n. 虚荣心；空虚；浮华；无价值的东西
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1、An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced . 一个流传很久的言论这样描述：所有广告预算的一半都是被浪费的——让人困惑的是，没人知道到底是其中的哪一半。在如今的网络时代，至少在理论上，这个分数是减少很多了，远远低于二分之一。
1.1 fraction英/'fr?k?(?)n/ 美/'fr?k??n/n. 分数；部分；小部分；稍微
2、By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过研究人们的在线搜索路径，点击路径以及留言记录，公司将“行为分析”广告对准那些特定的最有购买可能的潜在用户。
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1、In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? 最近几周，对广告商获取用户如此精细信息的确切意义的解释说明有一个争论：广告商是否应该假定人们对自己被追踪并被发送行为研究广告是乐意的？或者说他们是否应该取得明确的批准?
1.1 quarrel英/'kw?r(?)l/ 美/'kw?r?l/n. 吵架；反目；怨言；争吵的原因；方头凿vi. 吵架；争论；挑剔
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1、In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed . Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. 2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）计划对浏览器添加一个“私密浏览”（DNT）的选项，这样用户可以告知广告商他们不想被追踪。微软的Internet Explorer和苹果的Safari都支持这个计划；谷歌的Chrome也在本按理应该在本年度设施这个计划。
1.1 propose英/pr?'p??z/ 美/pr?'poz/vi. 建议；求婚；打算vt. 建议；打算，计划；求婚
2、In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests. 在二月，FTC和数字广告联盟（DAA）同意产业会继续响应DNT的要求。
2.1 alliance英/?'la??ns/ 美/?'la??ns/n. 联盟，联合；联姻
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1、On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default. 3月31日，微软浮现出这样一
个争论事件：基于Win8版本的Internet Explorer10将不会有DNT。
1.1 default英/d?'f??lt; 'di?f??lt/ 美/d?'f?lt/n. 违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值vt. 不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对…处以缺席裁判vi. 拖欠；不履行；不到场Paragraph 5
1、It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. 广告商将如何回应还并不清晰。提供一个DNT按钮并没有迫使任何公司停止跟踪，即使其中一些公司保证不会那样做。
1.1 oblige英/?'bla?d?/ 美/?'bla?d?/vt. 迫使；强制；赐，施恩惠；责成；义务vi. 帮忙；施恩惠
2、Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft`s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. 无法辨别人们是否有厂商强烈反对行为研究广告，或他们是否会和微软的违约站在一起，总有人会忽略DNT按钮，无所顾忌的点击。
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1、Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. 现在任不明确为什么微软会这样单干。毕竟，它也是有广告业务的，关于这些它答应过会遵从DNT的要求，但他们仍在着手于如何实施。
1.1 after all毕竟；终究
1.2 comply英/k?m'pla?/ 美/k?m'pla?/vi. 遵守；顺从，遵从；答应
2、If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. 微软可能是想要扰乱几乎完全依赖于这种违约变为常态的谷歌。对于win8来说，DNT不是一个明显的卖点——即使微软之前已经顺利的与谷歌比较了其他产品的价值。
2.1 norm英/n??m/ 美/n?rm/n. 标准，规范
2.2 favourably英/'feiv?r?bli/ 美/'feiv?r?bli/adv. 顺利地；有利地；好意地（等于favorably）
3、Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged : "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple? 微软的首席隐私官Brendon Lynch，发博客这样说：“我相信消费者应该有更多的控制。”能像说的那样简单吗？
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1、Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. 直到最近的几十年前，我们对未来的愿景主要还是强烈的乐观，尽管不可能是一致的。
1.1 vision英/'v??(?)n/ 美/'v???n/n. 视力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力；幻视（漫威漫画旗下超级英雄）vt. 想象；显现；梦见
2、Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.科学和技术将会治好人类所有的疾病，使人类能经历所有的满足和机会。
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1、Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a de eper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. 现在乌托邦已经被人们遗弃，因为我们已经对我们面临威胁的幅度有深刻的领会，从小行星撞地球到大范围流感再到气候变化。
1.1 appreciation英/?pri???'e??(?)n; -s?-/ 美/?,pri??'e??n/n. 欣赏，鉴别；增值；感谢
1.2 asteroid英/'?st?r??d/ 美/'?st?r??d/n. [天] 小行星；[无脊椎] 海盘车；小游星adj. 星状的
1.3 epidemic英/ep?'dem?k/ 美/,?p?'d?m?k/n. 传染病；流行病adj. 流行的；传染性的
2、You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.你甚至可能会设想人类并没有多少未来可以期待。
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1、But such gloominess is misplaced. 但是这样的沮丧的想法是错误的。
1.1 gloominess英/'glu:minis/ 美/'glu:minis/n. 黑暗；沮丧
1.2 misplaced英/,mis'pleist/ 美/,m?s'plest/v. 错放（misplace的过去式）adj. 错位的；寄托错的
2、The fossil record shows that many species have endure d for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. 化石显示众多的物种已经存活了几百万年——那么为什么我们不能？以一个更广阔的视野在世界的角度上观察一下我们人类，事实会变得清晰——我们有极好的机会再幸存几十百年，甚至几十千年。
2.1 fossil英/'f?s(?)l; -s?l/ 美/'fɑsl/n. 化石；僵化的事物；顽固不化的人adj. 化石的；陈腐的，守旧的
2.2 endure英/?n'dj??; en-; -'dj??/ 美/?n'd?r/vt. 忍耐；容忍vi. 忍耐；持续
3、Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."在国际自然保护组织（IUCN）发布的关于受威胁物种的“红名单”上寻找人类，你会发现这些表述：“人类被列为最低关注，因为人类在全球广泛的分布，适应性极强，目前处于增长阶段，同时，并没有导致人类全部人口下降的主要威胁。
3.1 homo英/'h??m??/ 美/'homo/n. 人，人类；同性恋者Homo sapiens智人（现代人的学名）；人类
3.2 sapien智慧sapiens英/'se?pj?nz/ 美/?sepi?ns, -?nz/adj. （拉）现代人的
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1、So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. 那么我们深远的未来将会怎么持续？现在越来越多的研究者和组织在认真思考这个问题。
2、For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .比如，恒今基金已经完成了它的旗舰项目，一个数千年后都能记录时间的医学钟。
2.1 flagship英/'fl?g??p/ 美/'fl?ɡ??p/n. 旗舰；（作定语）一流；佼佼者
2.2 hence英/hens/ 美/h?ns/adv. 因此；今后
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1、Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. 大概是人的意愿使然，相比于想象不久的未来，这种久远的时间度量是舒适的。
1.1 willfully英/'wilf?li/ 美/'wilf?li/adv. 故意地；任性固执地
1.2 lengthy英/'le?θ?; 'le?kθ?/ 美/'l??θi/adj. 漫长的，冗长的；啰唆的
1.3 timescales n. 时标；时间量程（timescale的复数）
2、The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. 当今科技的潜在进展及其社会影响是非常复杂难懂的，最好的方法可能是将这些问题留给科幻小说家和未来学家，让他们来探索发现许多未来我们会遇到的可能性。
2.1 potential英/p??ten?l/ 美/p?'t?n?l/n. 潜能；可能性；[电] 电势adj. 潜在的；可能的；势的
2.2 evolution英/,i?v?'lu??(?)n; 'ev-/ 美/??v??lu??n; (occas.) ?iv??lu??n/n. 演变；进化论；进展
2.3 dazzlingly英/'d?zli?li/ 美/'d?zli?li/adv. 耀眼地；灿烂地
2.4 fiction英/'f?k?(?)n/ 美/'f?k??n/n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言
2.5 envisage英/?n?v?z?d?/ 美/?n'v?z?d?/vt. 正视，面对；想像
3、That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.当这就是我们发行Arc的一个原因，Arc是一个新的专注于最近未来的期刊。
3.1 publication英/,p?bl?'ke??(?)n/ 美/,p?bl?'ke??n/n. 出版；出版物；发表
3.2 dedicated英/'ded?ke?t?d/ 美/'d?d?'ket?d/adj. 专用的；专注的；献身的v. 以…奉献；把…用于（dedicate的过去式和过去分词）
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1、But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. 但是，拉长我们的视野，将有大量的我们可以确切讲述的。
1.1 assurance英/?'???r(?)ns/ 美/?'??r?ns/n. 保证，担保；（人寿）保险；断言；厚脸皮，无耻
2、As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendant s will find themselves.就是这样，过去掌握着未来的关键：至今我们已经确定了足够多的长期模式，它们形成了我们星球，物种的历史，对于未来能做有依据的预测，那个时候我们的后代会亲身经历。
2.1 forecast英/'f??kɑ?st/ 美/'f?rk?st/n. 预测，预报；预想vt. 预报，预测；预示vi. 进行预报，作预测
2.2 descendant英/d?'send(?)nt/ 美/d?'s?nd?nt/n. 后裔；子孙adj. 下降的；祖传的
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1、This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. 这些长远的透视让这些对未来消极的看法显得如此过时。
1.1 perspective英/p?'spekt?v/ 美/p?'sp?kt?v/n. 观点；远景；透视图
1.2 pessimistic英/,pes?'m?st?k/ 美/,p?s?'m?st?k/adj. 悲观的，厌世的；悲观主义的
2、To be sure, the future is not all rosy. 但事实上，未来也不是完全美好的。
2.1 rosy英/'r??z?/ 美/'rozi/adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的
3、But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
但是我们现在的知识足够降低那些曾威胁过早起期人类生存的风险，并改善我们子孙后代的命运。
2013 Text 4
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1、On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona`s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. 这周一，在投票中最高法院五比三淘汰了亚利桑那州移民法的大多数条款-对于奥巴马政府来说算是一个政治胜利。
1.1 knock英/n?k/ 美/nɑk/n. 敲；敲打；爆震声vi. 敲；打；敲击vt. 敲；打；敲击；批评knock out 英/'n?kaut/ 美/'n?kaut/敲空；击倒；打破；使筋疲力竭
1.2 modest英/'m?d?st/ 美/'mɑd?st/adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的；适度的；端庄的；羞怯的
2、But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration`s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.但是站在更高的宪法层面上，这个决定是一个8-0的失败，因为行政机关试图打乱联邦政府和州政府的权利平衡。
2.1 constitution英/k?nst?'tju??(?)n/ 美/'kɑnst?'t???n/n. 宪法；体质；章程；构造
2.2 defeat英/d?'fi?t/ 美/d?'fit/n. 失败的事实；击败的行为vt. 击败，战胜；挫败；使…失败Paragraph 2
1、In Arizona, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona`s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. 在美国亚利桑那州，大多数人推翻了亚利桑那州饱受争议的计划中有争论的条款的四分之三，这项计划就是推动国家和地区的警察强制实行联邦的移民法。
1.1 controversial英/k?ntr?'v???(?)l/ 美/,kɑntr?'v??l/adj. 有争议的；有争论的
2、The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . 宪法传达了这样的原则：只有华盛顿有“制定统一国籍准入制度”的权利，还有就是联邦法律高于州法是毫无争议的。
2.1 uniform英/'ju?n?f??m/ 美/jun??f?rm/n. 制服adj. 统一的；一致的；相同的；均衡的；始终如一的vt. 使穿制服；使成一样noncontroversial无争议的
2.2 naturalization英/,n?t??r?la?'ze???n/ 美/'n?t??r?l?'ze??n/n. 归化，移入；移植
2.3 precede英/pr?'si?d/ 美/pr?'sid/vt. 领先，在…之前；优于，高于vi. 领先，在前面
3、Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.亚利桑那州已经尝试去改革那些趋同于已有联邦法律的州法律。
3.1 fashion英/'f??(?)n/ 美/'f???n/n. 时尚；时装；样式；时髦人物vt. 使用；改变；做成…的形状
3.2 parallel英/'p?r?lel/ 美/'p?r?l?l/n. 平行线；对比adj. 平行的;相同的vt. 使…与…平行Paragraph 3
1、Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court`s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. Anthony Kennedy法官，大法官John Roberts还有法院的自由党员，裁定州已经太于逼近联邦了。
2、On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal`s privileged powers. 对于多数人反对的条款，过会已经“稳住了”，亚利桑那州也因此加强了联邦的特权。
2.1 congress英/'k??gres/ 美/'kɑ?ɡr?s/n. 国会；代表大会；会议；社交
2.2 deliberately英/di'lib?r?tli/ 美/d?'l?b?r?tli/adv. 故意地；谨慎地；慎重地
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1、However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.然而法官说，亚利桑那州的警察可以用核实那些影响执法的合法公民的身份。
1.1 verify英/'ver?fa?/ 美/'v?r?fa?/vt. 核实；查证
1.2 enforcement英/en'f??sm(?)nt/ 美/?n'forsm?nt/n. 执行，实施；强制
2、That`s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. 这是因为国会一直展望连结联邦与州的移民执法，并明确鼓励州政府官员与联邦同时合作分享信息。
2.1 envision英/?n?v??n/ 美/?n'v??n/vt. 想象；预想
2.2 explicitly英/ik'splisitli/ 美/?k'spl?s?tli/adv. 明确地；明白地
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1、Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. 三个反对的法官中的两个——塞缪尔阿利托和克拉伦斯托马斯——他们同意宪法的逻辑，但是不认同亚利桑那州的与联邦身份冲突的规则。
2、The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privilege s going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.其中最重要的反对来自Antonin Scalia,他认为应该进行一个更加坚定的抵抗——美国各州应该再次拥有外侨和煽动叛乱法案那时的特权。
2.1 robust英/r?(?)'b?st/ 美/ro'b?st/adj. 强健的；健康的；粗野的；粗鲁的
2.2 privilege英/?pr?v?l?d?/ 美/?pr?v?l?d?/n. 特权；优待vt. 给予…特权；特免
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1、The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona`s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. 这次对于总统奥巴马的八人全反对取决于Alito法官在他的反对中的描述“一个对于联邦行政权力的震撼性主张”。白宫发言说，亚利桑那州的法律与联邦的执法优先权是有冲突的，即使在字面上看起来州法是遵循国法的。
1.1 assertion英/?'s???(?)n/ 美/?'s???n/n. 断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持；认定
1.2 executive英/?g?zekj?t?v/ 美/?ɡ'z?kj?t?v/n. 总经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的
2、In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .事实上，白宫是在说只要它不同意，它就能让任何即使是正规的州法无效。
2.1 invalidate英/?n'v?l?de?t/ 美/?n'v?l?det/vt. 使无效；使无价值
2.2 legitimate英/l?'d??t?m?t/ 美/l??d??t?m?t/adj. 合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的vt. 使合法；认为正当（等于legitimize）
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1、Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. 一些权力是专属于联邦政府的，包括对公民权与边境管理控制。
1.1 exclusively英/?k'sklu?s?vl?/ 美/?k'skl?s?vli/adv. 唯一地；专有地；排外地
1.2 citizenship英/'s?t?z?n,??p/ 美/'s?t?z?n??p/n. [法] 公民身份，公民资格；国籍；公民权
1.3 border英/'b??d?/ 美/'b?rd?/n.边界；国界vt. 接近；与…接壤；在…上镶边vi. 接界；近似
2、But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so.但是如果国会想要阻止州利用自己的办法检查移民身份，它的确可以这样做。但是它没有。
3、The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn`t want to carry out Congress`s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. 政府行政机关实际上是在释放这样的信息：因为政府没有想要实施国会的移民意愿，所以州政府也不能。
3.1 essence英/'es(?)ns/ 美/'?sns/n. 本质，实质；精华；香精in essence本质上；其实；大体上
3.2 assert英/?'s??t/ 美/?'s?t/vt. 维护，坚持；断言；主张；声称
4、Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 法官们都是在反对这个不同寻常的要求。
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
2013 Text1 2006 年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb 扮演的Miranda Priestly，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她，然后Priestly,说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。 Elizabeth Cline 对“快餐时尚”的这三年时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与 Zara，的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像 H&M ，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。这些商标煽动那些关心样式而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品， 更新店面的衣服。Cline 认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。 H&M这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。对于来说，为其全球
2300 家分店提供一个 5.95 美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。 Michael Pollan 的《过度装扮》是时尚界对像The Omnivore 's Dilemma 这样的消费者权 益维护者的畅销书的回答。“大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline 认为。她还发现，美国人一年大概要买64 件一年-200 亿件衣物-平均每人 不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。 在《过度装扮》的最后部分，Cline 介绍的她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Cline年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物，并且毫不逊色。但是像从2008 Beaumont,记录的那Beaumont样，花了十年时间完善她的手艺；这个例子不该被忽略。H&M包括虽然许多快餐式时尚公司已经努力控制对劳动力和环境的消极影响，公司的 绿色循环生产线，Cline 依然相信只有消费者的改变才能对此产生长久的改变。她提出对于多数可持续发展（不论是对于食物和能量）的支持者都同有的理想。浮华在继续着；只有在被逼无奈之下人们在消费时才会考虑到可持续性。 Version 描述，说法，叙述，解释，译文，版本 scold 责骂，斥责
2009 Text 1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th cen tury. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication. 习惯是一种有趣的现象。我们无意识地养成了习惯，任由大脑自动操作，且不知不觉在熟悉的常规中感到轻松舒适。“并非选择，而是习惯会控制那些没有思想的人。”19 世纪时，威廉·华兹华斯说。在千变万化的21 世纪，甚至“习惯”这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯，就创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们思绪的列车跳转到新的创新轨道上来。 Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try---the more we step outside our comfort zone---the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. 我们不用因为自己是受习惯影响的一成不变的生物而否定自己，相反我们可以通过有意识的培养新习惯来指导改变。事实上，我们对新事物尝试得越多，就会越远地走出自己的舒适地带，在职场及个人生活中变得越有创造性。 But don?t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn i nto the brain, they?re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但是，不要白费力气试图戒除旧习惯;一旦这些惯有程序融进脑部，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们有意使之根深蒂固的新习惯会创建平行路径，它们可以绕过原来那些路径。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to …decide,? just as our president calls himself …the Decider.?” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 《开放思想》一书的作者达瓦纳·马克瓦说：“革新所需要的第一样东西就是对好奇的着迷。然而我们被教导去做…决定?，就像我们的总裁称呼自己为…决策者?那样。”她接着说，“但是，决定意味着除了一种可能性外，其他的都被扼杀了。优秀的具有革新精神的思想家总是在探寻着许多其他的可能性。” All of us work through problems in ways of which we?re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
Unit1 Chapter1 本，查德，布兰卡和朱迪每个月的第三个星期四举行发明家俱乐部会议。他们轮流展示他们的新发明。 明天轮到本展示他的新发明。唯一的问题就是他到现在还没有想出一个发明··· 本正坐在餐桌旁吃着一杯冰淇淋。 “我能做什么呢？”他一边吃冰淇淋一边问自己。 本对自己要发明什么毫无头绪。他吃完冰淇淋，准备再去弄些来。但是，冰淇淋一点也不剩了。 “我知道了，”他兴奋地说，“我要发明一个冰淇淋机！” 词组：hold meeting召开会议 take turns轮流，更替 think of考虑；想起；有···想法 sit at坐，在···坐 a bowl of一碗 have no idea不知道，不了解 Chapter2 本抓起几张纸和支钢笔，然后他就画出了他的冰淇淋机设计草图。这个草图看起来不太像个冰淇淋机，但是本确信它是可行的。 “我不需要试验，”本对自己说，“好吧，我没时间去试验了。” 本只有找材料的时间了。 第二天下午，查德、布兰卡还有朱迪都在本的卧室。本带着一只麻袋出现了。他倒提着麻袋，许多稀奇古怪的东西掉了出来。 “一堆废品，”布兰卡说，“那真是个好发明。” “哈哈，”本说，“你们就等着瞧吧。” 词组：look much like看起来很像 say to oneself暗想，自言自语 turn up开大；翻起；出现 upside down颠倒，倒转；混乱地 fall out争吵；结果；解散；掉队 a pile of一堆 wait and see等着看；拭目以待；观望；走着瞧 Chapter3 本捡起的第一个东西又大又圆，是用钢做的。它是洗衣机的核心零部件。 本举起那部分，看了看底部的洞。 “那个洞是你钻的吗？”查德问。 “是啊，”本说。 “你这个做得不是很好，”查德说。 “只要有用就行了，”本告诉查德。 “你要知道东西也得看上去好才行，”查德说。 接着，本抓起一根软管，把它装入他钻的那个洞里。 “我想我知道这是什么了，”朱迪激动地说，“它是一个鼠窝！” “一个什么？”布兰卡和查德异口同声问道。 “一个鼠窝，”朱迪说，“老鼠通过软管爬进家里。” 朱迪经常说些奇怪的话，但其他人认为这是她说过的最奇怪的事之一。 本在地上放了一个塑料的冰淇淋盒，把软管的另一端放了进去。然后，他拿起一根细绳，把它绕在洗衣机零部件上。 当绳子紧紧地缠绕到零部件外面后，本往后退了退，仔细瞧着他的发明。 “好吧，这是什么？”布兰卡、查德和朱迪一同问道。 “它当然是一个冰淇淋机啦！”本说。 “那它如何工作呢？”查德问。 “它行不通的，”布兰卡说。
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying (摧毁) fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged (破坏) that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children,” he said, “When we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened.” Mrs. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said, “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded (水淹的) area and the welfare department (福利机构) brought them food, clothes and shelter. 1. How many homes altogether (总共) were damaged in the storm? A. Fourteen B. Twenty-one C. Twenty-nine D. Thirty-six 选D。根据第一段出现的三个数字14，7，15即可知D为正确答案。 2. Where was Mr. Tan when the storm first began? A. He was in bed. B. He was inside the house. C. He was outside the house. D. He was on the roof. 选B。根据“I was eating with my wife and children.”可排除A和D，由下文可知C也不合题意。 3. Mrs. Woo and her family didn’t get hurt because _________. A. her husband knew there would be a storm B. they were all outside the house when the storm became worse C. she felt the house was moving
完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？ 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reaso n we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which a re more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往，具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今，普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活，其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(have access to)比普通还要低廉的价格，来雇佣国外员工，购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software)，实现自动化(automation)，获得天才(genus)。因此，每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献，这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(stand out),不管他们身处什么工作领域(field of employment)。 确实，新科技在过去、现在和将来都在“吞噬”工作岗位，但这种“吞噬”速度已经提高了。正如戴维森所指出(note)：“（美国）工厂裁员(shed workers)速度是如此之快，以至于从1999到2009十年间裁员人数超过了之前70年新增员工人数的总和；大约有1/3的制造业工作岗位——总约600万——消失了。 未来，改变会一直存在——新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们肯定(know for sure)的一件事情是：随着全球化和信息技术革命所取得的每一个进步，那些最好的工作都将需要劳动者们接受更多、更好的教育，以使他们优于普通员工。 生活在普通人才已正式过时的世界中，我们有很多的事情需要做来扶持就业(employment)，但其中最重要的是为21世纪通过某种“士兵教育促就业法案（于1944年通
年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”
2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth sai d in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deli berately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She a dds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
2010年 Text1 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 过去的25年，在英文报纸发生的所有变化中，或许最具有深远意义的变化就是这些报纸的文艺报道范围不断缩小，严肃性不断减弱，这是个无法逆转的必然趋势。 It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺批评集子里，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般博学多才的精神食粮竟然被认为适合刊载在面向大众发行的报纸版面上。 We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift en ough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define …journalism? as …a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are? .” 从20世纪早期到二战以前，报纸纸张极为便宜，由于格调高雅的文艺批评被认为可以装点刊载它的报纸，英国报纸对投来的评论文章来者不拒，对它们涉及什么主题无人在意。但我们现今的报纸离此已相去更远。在那些遥远的年代，人们理所当然地认为主流报纸的评论家们都会不遗余力地把他们评论的事实说清楚。他们写作是严肃的，甚至以文笔轻松风趣著称的George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么，这一点足以让人信任。这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一门职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的思想或足够的文学天赋以保证他们在写批评时能不畏艰难，时刻保持乐观”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把…报刊评论?定义为“被某些作家所使用的一个轻蔑之词。对真正的作家而言，他们根本就没有学问”。 Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though,