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英语专业四级阅读理解⾼分特训100篇-第4章英语专业四级能⼒提升篇（商业经济类）【圣才出品】商业经济类（Passage 83～88）Passage 83 题材：商业经济类字数：476 建议⽤时：6.5分钟The global financial crisis of 2008 hit consumers hard. Two years later, and they're still reeling. Spending is down across the board, and even the more affluent are watching their pennies. In this fearful climate, retailers are applying ever more scientific and psychological tactics to lure them back. This was made clear to me on a memorable day in 2010 when I visited the laboratory outside of Chicago of one of the world's largest consumer goods manufacturers.After driving for nearly two hours, I reached my destination: a huge, imposing warehouse, with no outward sign, and a vast parking lot full of cars. A friendly receptionist checked my identity, had me sign all sorts of paperwork, and directed me through a door labeled Control Room. It was massive, and resembled images I've seen of NASA's operations area—row upon row of people staring intently at hundreds of screens, only they were monitoring shoppers pushing carts around the aisles of a supermarket that had been designed to test their responses to different marketing strategies. “Take a careful look at this lady,” said one of the monitors, pointing to a middle-aged woman on the screen. “She's about to enter our latest speed-bump area. It's designed to have her spend 45 seconds longer in this section, which can increase her average spend by as much as 73%. I call it the zone of seduction.”This particular section of the market was different from the usual aisle. For astart, it had different floor tiles—a type of pattern conveying a sense of quality. And instead of the cart gliding imperceptibly across nondescript carpet, it made a ringing sound, causing the shopper to instinctively slow down. The shopper's speed was displayed at the top of the screen, and as soon as she entered the zone, her pace noticeably slowed.Over several months of experimenting with signs, the team noticed that using a dollar sign in front of the price decreases our likelihood of making the purchase. The dollar sign is a symbol of cost, rather than gain. Removing the sign helps the consumer escape the harsh reality of outstanding bills and longer-term financial concerns. No doubt the larger cart and the changed floor tiles also played their part, but what was most surprising was our need to hoard. A pronouncement allowing only three cans per customer can seal a deal.The next time you go grocery shopping, take a look at the signs, the type of floor, and even the carts. Everything has been designed with an eye towards getting you to grab those three cans of something that was not on your list. The more attention you pay to the details, the more aware you'll become of how you're being manipulated. One thing is for certain; whoever made those three cans will be watching you just as closely.1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _______.A. the affluent are more thrifty than the average peopleB. there is lack of consumer confidence after the financial crisisC. consumers tend to increase their savings for bad yearsD. retailers are expect to reduce prices to promote sales2. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the laboratory?A. The warehouse is similar to NASA in terms of size.B. Shoppers of many supermarkets were monitored.C. The scenes in the laboratory were awesome.D. A middle-aged woman was picked out randomly.3. We can infer from the passage that shoppers _______.A. should realize the marketing strategies of manufacturersB. may be tempted to buy things they didn't intend toC. are under constant supervision of manufacturesD. should watch their wallets when going shopping4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Appeal to Your Stocking Instinct.B. Retailers' Marketing Tactics and Performance.C. What Your Supermarket Knows About You.D. The Impact of the Recession on Consumers.5. What does t he word “imperceptibly” （Paragraph Three）probably mean?6. Which was a little unexpectedly effective in sealing a deal?「⽂章⼤意」本⽂围绕零售商针对消费者⼼理采取的营销策略进⾏说明。
英语专业四级考试阅读理解训练（二）Passage OneI lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me--a potential to live, you might call it--which I didn't see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in thesweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. "I can't use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." The words stuck in my head. "Roll it around! "By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.1. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that _____.A. the author lost his sight because of a car crash.B. the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen.C. the disaster made the author appreciate what he had.D. the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see.2. What's the most difficult thing for the author?A. How to adjust himself to reality.B. Building up assurance that he can find his place in life.C. Learning to manage his life alone.D. To find a special work that suits the author.3. According to the context, "a chair rocker on the front porch" in paragraph 3 means that the author ____.A. would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his lifeB. was paralyzed and stayed in a rocking chairC. would lose his will to struggle against difficultiesD. would sit in a chair and stay at home4. According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the man____.A. hurt the author's feelingB. gave the author a deep impression.C. directly led to the invention of ground ball.D. inspired the author.5. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?A. The author set goals for himself but only invited failure most of the time.B. The author suggested not trying something beyond one's ability at the beginning.C. The bitterness of failure prevented the author from trying something out of reach.D. Because of his limitations, the author tried to reach one goal at a time.Passage TwoI have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respected, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a "skeleton", as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began.This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears, he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the’ yeast within a w riter outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books, like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision beforethem. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, superimposing new ones, begging response from those around them.Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is also. Incidentally, an unforgivable bore. This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.1. The writers that the author is familiar with confess that they would _____.A. work out the ending of a novel in advanceB. follow the writing methods learned at schoolC. remodel the main character in writingD. make changes to the stories they first construct2. According to the passage, the process of writingA. depends on skillful planning.B. is predictable and methodological.C. depends on the writers' experiences.D. is disorderly and unsystematic.3. The word "undoing" in the third paragraph probably suggests ___.A. successB. happinessC. failureD. sorrow4. According to the passage, the writer has no resting place becauseA. he is not clear about what he will write at the beginning.B. he should constantly edit his work to make it perfect.C. he has to face a lot of responses given by readers.D. he should add brushstrokes to the appearing blurred images.5. Which of the following statements about writers is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. They have little ideas before they start writing.B. Their talent goes into all their drafts.C. It does harm to their writing when they flirt with fame.D. They try to increase communication with readers.。
英语专业四级考试阅读理解Passage 1Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long toalleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.1. In the first paragraph, Russel says that _________.A. he has travelled over a great ocean for the three passions.B. the result of his search is despair.C. he longs for love and never despairs.D. he has pity for the suffering of mankind and often feels anguish.2. In the second paragraph, Russel thinks that he has found in his search for love all the following except _______.A. happinessB. the vision of the hellC. solitudeD. relief from loneliness3. Whenever Russel thinks of the suffering of mankind, he _______.A. feels humiliatedB. becomes overjoyedC. feels he will be embraced by GodD. feels anguish and suffers too.4. In line 3, “hither and thither”meansA. everywhereB. now and thenC. from time to timeD. upward5. The best title for this passage is _____.A. Human SufferingB. I Found Joy and LoveC. Three Kinds of LifestylesD. What I Have Lived ForPassage 2Artificial light in winter means we no longer have to go to bed when it gets dark. We can also get up before it is light. This means we can have a summer sleep pattern all year round.Animals sleep more during winter than summer. Researchers in America wanted to find out whether humans might want to do the same on a winter day without artificial light. People observed in the research did sleep longer, usually up to 11 hours. However, winter sleep seems to be interrupted by periods of quiet ‘wakefulness’ like those experienced in meditation.These were found to be very restful. The study found that modern humans are not getting enough sleep.6. The topic of the passage is _____ .A. artificial lightB. natural lightC. human sleepD. animal sleepPassage 3Throughout the history of life, there have been many major upheavals in which whole groups of animals were replaced by others. Perhaps the most famous was the replacement of the dinosaurs by the mammals 65 million years ago. Another major change occurred 150 million years earlier, when the dinosaurs took over the position of dominance that had been held for80 million years by mammal-like reptiles.What triggered these great upheavals? Scientific thinking about the various factors that might have been responsible for such replacements has undergone some significant changes of its own. At times, for example, scientists have suggested thatmammals caused the extinction of the dinosaurs by eating their eggs or by competing for the same food resources. Now, however, most people are convinced that the mammals played only a minor role, if any, and that, instead, environmental change was primarily responsible. The mammals apparently sat around for 150 million years in the Mesozoic undergrowth until, with the extinction of the dinosaurs, they had their opportunity to radiate into the available niches.7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Mammals caused the extinction of dinosaurs by eating their eggs.B. Some species of animals have been replaced by others due to radical environmentalchanges.C. Scientific theories about the reasons for the extinction of certain reptiles have changed overthe years.D. Mammals and dinosaurs competed for the same food source.Passage 4According to the World Bank the Kingdom of Bhutan is the second poorest country in the world(A), but there is no unemployment (B), no begging and almost no crime.Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the ‘Dragon King’, is the world’s youngest hereditary ruler, but he says that the country is more democratic than any other in the region. He travels round Bhutan, showing himself to the people and listening to their opinions. Although this is a very old country the monarchy is quite new; until this century it was theocracy run by Buddhistpriests. There is still a very strong religious feeling and there are 1,300 monasteries in a nation of only 1 million people.Bhutan allows only 2,000 tourists a year, but no multinational companies even though it is very short of capital(C). It takes no help from the USA or Russia. Students who go abroad to study must spend 6 months when they return in remote villages to ‘rediscover their roots’before going back into Bhutanese society.Although the people are poor they are content. The atmosphere is relaxed and traditional have hardly changed since the Middle Ages. Archery is t he country’s major sport and folk dances are the main forms of entertainment.8. Which of the following is untrue?A. Bhutan is one of the poorest countries in the world.B. There is no unemployment in Bhutan.C. Bhutan is short of financial aids.D. The people of Bhutan are not at all satisfied with their life.Passage 5In the Atlantic some 574 ships were sunk between 1939 and 1945.(A) High though this figure is, together with the complementary loss of over twenty thousand seamen, it must be seen in relation to the fact that merchant ships made seventy-five thousand crossings, sailing in two thousand two hundred convoys (D). Indeed, at peak periods on the Atlantic, there were no less than seven hundred ships at sea at the same time. To visualize such a heterogeneous fleet of steamships in transit at any given moment across the great ocean is a succinct way of appreciating how the picture had changed in the century since the Britannia thrashed her lonely course over three thousand empty miles. (B) Now on the great steamship lanes, no ship islikely to be alone for long. Radio and radar have both ‘shortened in’the world. The sense of wonder has, generally speaking, left the Atlantic and gone elsewhere perhaps into space.9. Which is not true according to the passage?A. About 100 ships were sunk each year in the Atlantic during the period from 1939 to 1945.B. When Britannia first sailed the Atlantic no other ship could be seen on the ocean.C. There were as many as 700 ships crossing the Atlantic at any time.D. A total of 2,200 ships sailed across the Atlantic during that period of time.。
社会生活类（Passage 25～30）Passage 25 题材：社会生活类字数：385 建议用时：4.5分钟Strikes and demonstrations in Germany, Britain and France helped to make the shorter working week a union priority. Employers gave way because in Germany sweating capital investment had traditionally been the way German managers sustained high productivity.In Britain, there was a certain cynicism in agreeing to a reduced working weekas British workers have always opted for extensive overtime to make up low basic wages. A nominal 35-hour week merely allowed more overtime.Working with union leaders such as Ron Todd and Bill Jordan in Britain and Hans Mayr, the wily IG Metall leader, in Germany, I found that there was one big gap in the movement for a 35-hour week. The Swedish union movement refused categorically to join the campaign.Given that in the 1980s—as today—95% of the Swedish workforce is unionized, the absence of the Swedish metalworkers’ union left a large hole in the European campaign. The Swedish thought that focusing on nominal weekly working hours was fatuous.The Swedish metal union believed that the distribution of working time should focus on annual holidays, family leave and on rigidly enforced limits on overtime that would be unacceptable to any self-respecting British shop steward. For the Swedish unions, working hours should help support Volvo, Saab, Electrolux andother companies faced with the growing challenge of globalization.To prescribe a rigid working week as the solution to European labor market problems just did not make sense to the calm, consensual approach that had allowed Swedish capitalism to flourish while delivering the best version of “social Europe” on offer in the continent.At the time, it appeared frustrating to see this breach in solidarity. But today, the Swedish refusal to make a totem out of the 35-hour week appears more than justified. Sweden has maintained both full employment and record levels of trade union membership. By contrast, in Germany and France, where the 35-hour week was introduced, the continuing high level of unemployment and the lack of movement and energy in the labor market have contributed to the biggest slump in trade union membership ever seen in both countries.1. The reason why in the end the 35-hour week has been gotten through in Germany is that _____.A. facing vast stri kes and demonstrations, German managers couldn’t deny thelongstanding fact of overworking employees for high profits.B. German workers devoted themselves to striking and demonstrating againstthe former longer workingweek.C. the new working rule has been approved in most of European countries.D. the new working rule would definitely improve the rate of employment.2. In the 7th paragraph, what does “breach in solidarity” refer to?A. “Social Europe”.B. Prosperity in Sweden.C. Swedish noninvolvement.D. The 35-hour week.3. Which statement is true according to the passage?A. Swedish workers hardly dissented from its government in its working weekproblem.B. Until today there have been 95% of the Swedish metalworkers that areunionized.C. Those British managers who have self-respects are considered to oppose arigid enforcement of limits onovertime.D. Under the challenge of globalization, some major Swedish companies haveturned to annual holidays andfamily leave for help.4. In the second paragra ph, what does “nominal” mean here?5. What is the author’s attitude towards the 35-hour week?「文章大意」本文主要围绕工人罢工和游行是否真正争取到了权利展开论述。
英语专四阅读预测题（1）As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them "pueblos", which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called"the three sisters" - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis.16. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings.B. The movement of American Indians across North America.C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians.D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America.17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were______.A. very smallB. highly advancedC. difficult to defendD. quickly constructed专业四级阅读练习（2）Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood.Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily. Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.24. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ______.A. was one of the first toolsB. developed human capabilitiesC. led to the invention of machinesD. was crucial to the development of mankind25. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ______.A. disastrousB. unpredictableC. excitingD. colorful英语专四阅读预测题（3）About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together. When animportant person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.27. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because______.A. the hunters wanted to see the picturesB. the painters were animal loversC. the painters wanted to show imaginationD. the pictures were thought to be helpful28. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that______.A. the former was easy to writeB. there were fewer signs in the formerC. the former was easy to pronounceD. each sign stood for only one sound29. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.B. The Egyptians liked to write comic strip stories.C. The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.D. The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.30. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ______.A. should be made comprehensibleB. should be made interestingC. are of much use in our lifeD. have disappeared from our life英语专四阅读预测题（4）There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.22. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The origins of theater.B. The role of ritual in modern dance.C. The importance of storytelling.D. The variety of early religious activities.23. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?A. The reason drama is often unpredictable.B. The seasons in which dramas were performed.C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots.D. The importance of costumes in early drama.24. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?A. Dance.B. Costumes.C. Music.D. Magic.25. According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.B. Ritual is shorter than drama.C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.26. The passage supports which of the following statements?A. No one really knows how the theater began.B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically.C. Storytelling is an important part of dance.D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.英语专四阅读预测题（5）Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past.There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them "tsunamis", meaning "harbor waves", because they reach a sizable height only in harbors.Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.18. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.19. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ______.A. faulty building constructionB. an earthquake's strengthC. widespread panic in earthquakesD. ineffective instruments20. The United Nations' experts are supposed to______.A. construct strong buildingsB. put forward proposalsC. detect disastrous earthquakesD. monitor earthquakes21. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may______.A. notice them out at seaB. find ways to stop themC. be warned early enoughD. develop warning systems英语TEM4阅读理解模拟题（6）It was the worst tragedy in maritime (航海的) history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes (鱼雷) fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people - mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany - were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted andbegan to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought offthose in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. Tll never forget the screams," says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave - and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children - with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: "Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East." The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: "Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn\’t have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoi dable - and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize ( 使...不得势) the neo- Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they ye now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.21、Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history?A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes. B) Most of its passengers were frozen to death.C) Its victims were mostly women and children. D) It caused the largest number of casualties.22、Hundreds of families dropped into the sea whenA) a strong ice storm tilted the ship B) the cruise ship sank all of a suddenC) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats23、The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century because GermansA) were eager,to win international acceptance B) felt guilty for their crimes in World War IIC)~ad been pressured to keep silent about it D) were afraid of offending their neighbors24、How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?A) By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack. B) By describing the ships sinking in great detail.C) By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche. D) By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.25、It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think thatA) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedyB) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nations past misdeedsC) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IID) it-is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries英语专四阅读预测题（7）Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creature，especially human beings，have their peculiarities，but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that，among other eccentricities，eats mud，feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods，and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets？For some fifty million years，despite all its eccentricities，the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet，under rocks in shallow water，or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores，it has the abilityto suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors，ranging from black to reddish brown to sand color and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber shaped-hence their name-and because they are typically rock inhabitants，this shape，combined with flexibility，enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.Although they have voracious appetites，eating day and night，sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate-feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods，so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty，they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs，when attacked，it squirts all its internal organs into water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched；it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.1. According to the passage，why is the shape of sea cucumbers important？A. It helps them to digest their food.B. It helps them to protect themselves from danger.C. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud.D. It makes them attractive to fish.2. The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses______.A. the reproduction of sea cucumbersB. the food sources of sea cucumbersC. the eating habits of sea cucumbersD. threats to sea cucumbers' existence3. What can be inferred about the defence mechanisms of the sea cucumber？A. They are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli.B. They are almost useless.C. They require group cooperation.D. They are similar to those of most sea creatures.4. Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water？A. A touchB. FoodC. Unusually warm waterD. Poll ution.TEM4阅读模拟练习预测题（8）Municipal sewage is of relatively recent origin as a pollutant. It was first brought topublic attention in the 19th century by a London physician who showed that the city's cholera outbreak had been caused by just one contaminated well. Even though the contamination of drinking water by disease germs has been nearly eliminated in this country, hundreds of communities are still discharging raw sewage into streams and rivers. When we consider that this sewage contains effluents fro m toilets, hospitals, laundries,industrial plants, etc., then the potential of the pollutants as a health hazard is apparent.The problem of municipal sewage disposal is complicated by the fact that, years ago, mostcities combined their storm and waste disposal sewers. Many of these combined systems work well, but others cannot cope with sudden heavy rains. When such storms occur, water mixed with sewage may flood and disable treatment plants unless bypassed, untreated, into a stream. In either case, the people may have little protection for several days from these wastes that may contain disease germs. Evenif adequately treated to eliminate the health hazard, sewage is aestheticallyundesirable because of odors and colors produced. Detergents have posed a particular disposal problem. Although there is no indication that they are injurious to health, they can cause foaming, which can clog treatment plants and, at the least, spoil the scenic beauty of streams. Rural and suburban residents should be aware that septic tanks and cesspools are a potential source of pollution to ground water supplies. This is especially true in thesuburban areas with a high population density and with no municipal sewage disposal and treatment system available. In some areas, sewage disposal is accomplished by cesspools. Soil research is furnishing guidelines for more effective and safer use of systems such as these.1. This passage is concerned primarily with the _____ .A. problems of waste disposalB. dangers of drinking from wellsC. turbidity of polluted waterD. outbreak of cholera 2. The author mentions the London cholera epidemic to _____ .A. prove that the city refused to deal with pollutionB. prove that medical science once knew little about pollutionC. introduce the idea of contaminated water suppliesD. recall a historical fact3. In densely populated suburban areas, a danger exits from _____ . A. streams that do not flow directly to open bodies of water B. cesspools and septic tanks that contaminate water supplies C. storm and waste disposal sewers that have been combined D. the undesirable odors of sewage4. In developing the main point, the author makes use of _____ . A. scientific arguments B. convincing testimony C. common sense observations D. analogy （1）D B（2）D B（3）D C A C（4）A C D D A（5）C A B C（6）D C B D A（7）B C A B（8）A C B C Before the mid 1860's, the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited, in the sense that the tracks ended at this Missouri River, approximately the center of the country. At the point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches. This meant that wagon freighting, stage coaching, and steam boating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders. Each new “end of track” became a center for animal drawn or waterborne transportation. The major effect of the railroad was to shorten the distance that had to be covered by the older, slower, and more costly means. Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s. Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid. The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860’s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Central Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada. Although President Abraham Lincoln signed the original Pacific Railroad bill in 1862 and a revised, financially much more generous version in 1864, little construction was completed until 1865 on the Central Pacific and 1866 on the Union Pacific. The primary reason was skepticism that a Railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit. In the words of an eco nomist, this was a case of “premature enterprise”, where not only the cost of construction but also the very high risk deterred private investment. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture; yet it was a national necessity to link East and West together. 16. The author refers to the impact of railroads before the late 1860's as “limited” because ____.A. the track did not take the direct route from one city to the nextB. passengers and freight had to transfer to other modes of transportation to reach western destinationsC. passengers preferred stagecoachesD. railroad travel was quite expensive17. What can be inferred about coaches and wagon freighters as the railroad expanded?A. They developed competing routes.B. Their drivers refused to work for the railroads.C. They began to specialize in private investment.D. There were insufficient numbers of trained people to operate them.18. Why does the author mention the Sierra Nevada in line 17?A. To argue that a more direct route to the West could have been taken.B. To identify a historically significant mountain range in the West.C. To point out the location of a serious train accident.D. To give an example of an obstacle faced by the central pacific.19. The word “subsidy” in line 27 is closest in meaning to ____.A. persuasionB. financingC. explanationD. penalty 16. B17. D18. D19. B。
大学英语四级考试精读荟萃100篇(44):露天演出的服装Pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.Most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. Research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavour. From the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. Leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind.Many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. This is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. Very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. The location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available.If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. When there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities. Cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. Unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. These are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille.Colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. Crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact.The use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effective when working with groups. If these are made of cardboard and painted boldly the cost can be almost negligible. Helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. The same can be said of theuse of banners, shields and poles with stiff pennants and garlands—anything which will help to have a unifying effect. Any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. Pageants. [B]. Costumes on the stage.[C]. Costumes for pageants. [D]. How to arrange a pageant.2. It can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is[A]. money. [B]. color. [C]. harmony [D]. texture3. Why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design?[A]. Because pageants take place in daylight in the open air.[B]. Because different characters require different costumes.[C]. Because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting.[D]. Because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small.4. Why do most pageants have a historical flavour?[A]. Because most pageants take place for celebration.[B]. Many pageants take place for amusement.[C]. A lot of pageants take place for religion.[D]. Because pageants usually take place for competition.Vocabulary1. conceive 设想，想象to be conceived 设想好的，构思好的2. under the auspices of 在……的主办下3. meager 贫乏的，不足的4. mount 登上，制作，上演5. flavour 风味，风格，情趣6. archive(s) 档案(馆)7. distraction 使人分心的事8. ivy 常春藤9. mellow 柔和的10. recourse (to) 依赖，求助于11. drape 覆盖，披上12. invaluable 无价的，非常贵重的13. tunic (古时)长达膝盖的外衣，穿在盔甲上的战袍14. chenille 绳绒绒(织品)15. jumble 混乱，搞乱16. pennant 细长三角旗17. garland 花环，花冠难句译注1. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.[结构简析] 复合结构。
教育文化类（Passage 77～82）Passage 77 题材：教育文化类字数：560 建议用时：8分钟College students are more stressed out than ever before—at least according to the latest findings of a large, national survey that has been conducted annually for the last 25 years. The survey includes more than 200,000 students attending nearly 300 colleges and asks them to rate how their own mental health stacks up with their classmates’—for example, is it “above average” or in the “highest 10%”?This somewhat unusual methodology typically results in the statistical Lake Woebegon effect in which most people tend to overestimate themselves in relation to others （it refers to the fictional Lake Woebegon, where “all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking and all the children are above average”）. But the most recent results indicate that fewer and fewer freshmen feel like they are in top form in terms of coping with stress.A quarter century ago, nearly 70% of freshmen put themselves in the top 100% of mentally stable people in their class; today only 52% rate themselves that highly, down 3 points since last year. Studen ts’ self-esteem, however, is still strong: a full 71% of freshmen put themselves in the top 10% in terms of academic abilities.It’s hard to know what these numbers actually mean: obviously, it’s not mathematically possible for 52% or 71% of people to be in the top 10% of anything. And, as I explored earlier, people’s attempts to compare themselves with others are skewed（倾斜）in various ways. Nevertheless, the finding is in line with previousresearch, which found that almost haft of all college studentswho seek counseling now have a major mental illness. That’s more than double the rate seen 10 years ago.So what’s going on? Obviously, the economy and high unemployment rate make for a scary time to be in college, potentially facing terrifying levels of debt—that alone could account for the increase in stress.Secondly, a much more rigorous large study recently found that empathy among college students had declined 40% since 2000—and since caring relationships are essential to mental and physical health, a decline in empathy could also produce a decline in mental health and coping.My final point brings us back to my earlier post on a Stanford study that looked at the psychological effects of comparing ourselves to others. It found that the way people tend to conceal their negative emotions while broadcasting their happy ones makes the rest of us feel somehow “less than”—as though all our friends and neighbors have better lives than we do. Social media sites like Facebook and Twitter seem to have made these comparisons even more harmful by providing the perfect venue through which people can continually present a perfect version of themselves.This phenomenon, too, might tie into why the new survey, “The American Freshman= National Norms,” found that students are feeling less confident about their level of emotional and mental stability. If all the students around you are desperately trying to put on a happy face—and you perceive that face as a truereflection of their inner selves, even as you work to hide your own sadness—well, it’s not surprising that so many students might be getting a bit stressed out.Instead, if students were encouraged to feel safe expressing their honest emotions, even about their fears and failures, everyone might feel more connected, happier—and, yes, healthier.1. As it is used in the first paragraph, the phrase “stacks up with” has the closest meaning to ______.A. affectsB. estimatesC. comments onD. compares with.2. What is true about the result of the survey?A. It didn’t manif est the typical Lake Woebegon effect.B. The typical Lake Woebegon effect wasn’t expected.C. The students underestimated themselves.D. The students overestimated themselves.3. It was also found in previous research that _______A. almost half of all college students have to seek counseling.B. almost half of all college students have some mental illness.C. more and more students become mentally unstable.D. more and more students develop strong self-esteem4. The author points out that, while the students are trying to hide their ownsadness, they tend to believe that other students ________.A. are similarly stressed out.B. are happy with their lives.C. seldom reveal their negative feelings.D. often refuse to face their inner selves.5. What do social media sites like Facebook and Twitter enable people to do according to the author?「文章大意」最近一项大型全国调查的发现显示，大学生现在的精神压力比以前任何时候都要大；在应付压力方面，觉得自己处于最佳状态的大一新生越来越少。
Passage 6Hardy was born in 1840 and died in 1937 of cancer. Hardy’s working class parents helped him aspire to the middle-class by removing him from the Dorset village school to a superior one where he learnt mathematics and Latin. At age 16, Hardy’s pare nts purchased an architectural apprenticeship for him, and at 21 he moved to London to be an assistant architect. It was during his time in London that Hardy turned to the writing of poetry. Hardy continued working as an architectural assistant until 1872, when he took up writing full-time. While Hardy wrote poetry originally, he eventually adopted novel-writing for financial reasons. Hardy continued writing novels until 1896, the year he published Jude the Obscure. Jude, along with various of Hardy’s other novels including Tess of the D’Urbervilles were met with great hostility from critics and readers. Disgusted by the restraints of Victorian conventions, Hardy decided to write no more novels. Subsequently he wrote poetry instead, as was his top priority but for necessity. Beginning with his first volume, Wessex Poems (1898), he published a book of poems about every four or five years, completing eight volumes in Living in the Victorian era, a period when ideas of Darwinian Evolution were widely discussed, his novels represent evolutionary ideas about sexual selection, resulting in stories of “sexual pursuit” which largely adhere to even more modern conceptions of evolutionary mating strategies. His novels share a pessimistic view of the human condition. Nat ure is indifferent to a person’s desires and efforts; perverse luck is as important as individual character in determining one’s fate. The bitter ironies of fruitless efforts and lost affections five an ironic and tragic tone to Hardy’s novels, making them unlike mainstream Victorian novels with their hopeful conclusions. His novels are influenced by Darwin’s evolution theory, which stresses that the most adapted species survives the natural selection. Hence, naturalism and fatalism play a great part in his novels. His works are also rich in symbolism, local colorism, allusions (myths and biblical stories).(人物)1. When did Hardy turn to the writing of poetry?A.at the age of 16B.in 1896C.during his time in LondonD.in 18722.Which one is Hardy’s first volume?A.Jude the Obscure. Jude,B.Tess of the D’UrbervillesC.Wessex PoemsD.Victorian novelsPassage 7According to Chinese media reports, the ad appeared in the New York Times print edition on Monday, announcing that Chen Guangbiao would host a charity luncheon（午宴） at New York Central Park's Loeb Boathouse on June 25 for 1,000 "poor and destitute（穷困的） Americans". Each participant would also receive $300. Chen, who is known for theatrical（戏剧的，夸张的）philanthropic（博爱的） stunts, has a photo of himself in the ad placed side-by-side with a picture of Lei Feng, a Chinese soldier from the Mao-era who is celebrated as a selfless model citizen. Thetitle above the images says, "China's 'Lei Feng for a new era.'" Those who wish to join the luncheon need to RSVP via a Hotmail email address.Chen said he was hoping the lunch would show the US that there are Chinese philanthropists. "There are many wealthy Chinese billionaires but most of them gained their wealth from market speculation and colluding with（勾结） government officials while destroying the environment. I can't bear the sight of it," Chen told the South China Morning Post. Making his fortune from recycling domestic waste and construction materials in China, Chen has been in the media spotlight in recent years for his dramatic publicity stunts promoting philanthropic causes. He arrived at the scene of the 2013 Lushan earthquake in Sichuan just hours after the disaster took place and personally handed out cash to the victims. Chen has also tried unsuccessfully to buy the New York Times as part of his ongoing campaign to develop closer ties between US and China. He recently expressed a desire to reignite（再次点燃） discussions to buy the paper's opinion section and fill it with articles about environmental protection and charity.Founder of the Huangpu Renewable Resources Utilization Group, Chen has donated hundreds of millions of dollars to various charitable causes over the years and has made it more than once onto Forbes' list of Asia's leading philanthropists. But not everyone is taken with Chen's flashy generosity. Jeremy Goldkorn, director of Chinese media research firm Danwei, says: "Chen is a clown whose so-called philanthropy appears to consist entirely of self-promotional stunts like giving handouts of cash in Taipei and New York, and cans of air to people in China." Goldkorn has also tweeted that Chen is the "greatest insult to the Chinese people." Other critics find it difficult to take Chen seriously when his English name-card lists an absurdly long string of self-aggrandizing titles, including "Most Charismatic Philanthropist of China."(人物)1.What can be inferred about Chen’s behavior from the last paragraph?A.beneficentB. actingC. humiliatingD.charitable2. What is the intention of supplying the poor with lunch at New York Central Park's Loeb Boathouse according to Mr. Chen?A. To show that Chinese people are rich now.B. To help the poor in US.C. To say that Chinese people are beneficent.D. To help build his own reputation.。
雕塑的基本特征中西方雕塑发展的区别？答：中西方雕塑在其发展脉络中表现出了迥然不同的审美风范。
由于中西方不同的文化心理造成的。
西方雕塑艺术有其特定的门类规则和创作方法，而中国的雕塑表现出与绘画艺术的密切结合，中西雕塑艺术为什么会呈现出不同的艺术形态呢？主要是在地理环境、文化源流、哲学品质等方面对雕塑艺术的影响。
一、地理环境的影响东方雕塑中国的地大物博决定了中国的雕塑显示了题材广泛的特点，但其封闭性也着重的显现出；但宗教雕塑中的神与人互相融合，因而自商周以来，宗法制就成为社会组织的重要纽带。
这种封建宗法制和礼乐文化，形成了雕塑功能上的封闭性特征，雕塑不是被埋入地下作为陪葬，就是被放置在帝王的陵墓前作为仪卫。
雕塑成为宗法制度的一种附属，失去其独立的美学品格。
西方雕塑也在地理差别中培育了欧洲人不同的民族个性、不同的文化，在客观上形成了文化的多样性。
古希腊的神祗与人同形同性，自上而下为“神系”，加之有地理环境等因素形成了城邦与城邦间的联盟和城邦内奴隶制下的民主制。
因此其雕塑以人体、人像为主题，这与古希腊“人，乃万物之尺度”的观念有着文化上的必然联系。
与中国的陵墓雕塑和宗教雕塑不同，西方的大量的人像雕塑放置于广场和街道，从而显示出雕塑艺术功能的公共性特征。
二、思维模式的差异对比中西文化的思维模式就会发现，中国传统艺术的思维模式追求合二为一，把宇宙视为一个统一的整体，是综合的一元论；而西方传统艺术思维模式则以分析为手段，把世界视为不同的部分，追求一分为二，是解析的二元论。
在中西思维模式发展过程中，西方的文化又形成了重视逻辑推理的思维模式，它结合古希腊的科学主义和理想主义，为雕塑艺术的典范奠定了重要基础；中国的文化则形成了强调直观意向的思维方式，它通过直觉来直接体验、感悟并把握对象。
这种思维方式超越了逻辑、概念而更长于悟性，这种所谓的“豁然贯通”、“点石成金”，也形成了与西方注重分析、偏于抽象的思维模式的不同文化特质。
PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AWe can begin our discussion of "population as global issue" with what most persons mean when they discuss "the population problem": too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to "a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes."To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lowermortality.2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___.A.only one in ten persons could live past 40.B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.3.Which statement is true about population increase?A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.4.The author of the passage intends to___.A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.pare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.5.The word "demographic" in the first paragraph means___.A.statistics of human.B.surroundings study.C.accumulation of human.D.development of human.TEXT BChinese Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general and higher occupational status. The Chinese have risen to this position despite some of the harshest discrimination and violence faced by any immigrants to the United States in the history of this country. Long confined to a narrow range of occupations they succeeded in those occupations and then spread out into other areas in later years, when opportunities finally opened up for them. Today much of the Chinese prosperity is due to the simple fact that they work more and have more (usually better) education than others. Almost one out of five Chinese families has three or more income earners compared to one out of thirteen for Puerto Ricans, one out of ten among American Indians, and one out of eight among Whites. When the Chinese advantages in working and educational are held constant, they have no advantage over other Americans. That is in a Chinese Family with a given number of people working and with a given amount of education by the head of the family, the income is not only about average for such families, and offer a little less than average.While Chinese Americans as a group are prosperous and well-educated Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, and illiteracy is much higher among the Chinese than among Americans in general. Those paradoxes are due to sharp internal differences. Descendants of the Chinese Americans who emigrated long ago from Toishan Province have maintained Chinese values and have added acculturation to American society with remarkable success. More recent Hong Kong Chinese are from more diverse cultural origins, and acquired western values and styles in Hong Kong, without having acquired the skills to proper and support those aspirations in the American economy. Foreign-born Chinese men in the United States are one-fourth lower incomes than native-born Chinese even though the foreign-born have been in the United States an average of seventeen years. While the older Hong Kong Chinese work tenaciously to sustain and advance themselves, the Hong Kong Chinese youths often react with resentment and antisocial behavior, including terrorism and murder. The need to maintain tourism in Chinatown causes the Chinese leaders to mute or downplay these problems as much as possible.6.According to the passage, today, Chinese Americans owe their prosperity to___.A.their diligence and better education than others.B.their support of American government.C.their fight against discriminations.D.advantages in working only.7.The passage is mainly concerned with___.A.chinese Americans today.B.social status of Chinese Americans today.C.incomes and occupational status of Chinese Americans today.D.problems of Chinese Americans today.8.Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, as is probably associated with___.A.most descendants of Chinese Americans are rebelling.B.most descendants of Chinese Americans are illiterate.C.sharp internal difference between Chinese coming from different cultural backgrounds.D.only a few Chinese Americans are rich.9.Which of the following statements is not true according to this articleA.As part of the minority, Chinese Americans are still experiencing discrimination in American today.B.Nowadays, Chinese Americans are working in wider fields.C.Foreign-born Chinese earn lower income than native-born Chinese Americans with the similar advantagesin the U.S.D.None of the above.10.According to the author, which of the following can best describe the older Hong Kong Chinese and theyoungerA.Tenacious; rebellion.B.Conservative; open-minded.C.Out-of-date; fashionable.D.Obedient; disobedient.TEXT CA controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.11.efore DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects____.A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of guiltD.cold be convicted of guilt as well12.DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.A.the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurateB.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting patternC.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individualsD.two different individuals leave two DNA samples.13.To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method ____.A.is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from twoindividualsB.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern.C.Is not based on adequate scientific theory of geneticsD.Is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying14.The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that ____.A.enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNAsamples coming from two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same personcan matchC.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two differentDNA samples coming form the same personD.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples areunlikely to come from the same person15.National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ____.A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.The academy only is authorized to work out standards for testingD.The academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testingTEXT DMost of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except " I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling." Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy." The owner says, " It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: " I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior.A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says "No!" to a serials of charges like "You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is "And you're good looking."We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, "If sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.16.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ___.A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.C.they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words.D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.17."I'm letting off some steam" in paragraph 1 means___.A.I'm just calling your attention.B.I'm just kidding.C.I'm just saying the opposite.D.I'm just giving off some sound.18.The house-owner's example shows that he actually means___.A.the step has been like that for years.B.he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step.C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.19.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if___.A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.B.seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior.C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.D.expressed to a series of charges.20.The word "ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done___.A.without true intention.B.light-heartedly.C.in a way of ceremony.D.with less emphasis.答案： 1-5 ABADA 6-10 ACCCA 11-15 CBABB 16-20 DBABC。
英语专业四级精品范文100pdf全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Oh my gosh, I have to write a super long essay in English for my English major! It's like totally gonna be over 2000 words, which is like soooooo much! But hey, I got this!So, in this awesome essay, I'm gonna talk about how to rock the English Proficiency Test for College Students (CET-4). Like, CET-4 is like a big deal for us English majors, and we gotta like totally nail it, you know?First off, make sure you like practice your English every day. Like, read English books, watch English movies, listen to English songs – just like totally surround yourself with English. And don't forget to like practice your speaking and writing skills too!Next, like totally focus on your weak spots. If you suck at grammar, like practice those tricky grammar rules until you get them. And if your vocabulary is like totally limited, learn new words every day. You gotta like be super prepared for everything the test throws at you!And hey, like don't stress out too much. Stay positive, stay confident, and like totally believe in yourself. You got this, you're gonna rock that CET-4!So yeah, that's like my super long essay on how to slay the CET-4. I hope it helps all my fellow English major buddies out there. Good luck, and like totally ace that test! Peace out, y'all!篇2Hey guys, today I wanna share a super cool thing with you all - the English Major CET-4 Exam! It's like a big test that all us English lovers have to take when we're in college.So, the CET-4 Exam is super important for us English majors because it tests our reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. It can be a bit nerve-wracking, but with some practice and preparation, we can totally ace it!One of the best ways to prepare for the CET-4 Exam is to practice, practice, practice! Reading English books, watching English movies, and listening to English songs can really help improve our language skills. And don't forget to review grammar rules and vocabulary regularly too.When it comes to the exam day, remember to stay calm and focused. Read the questions carefully, manage your time wisely, and double-check your answers before handing in your paper. And hey, don't forget to speak clearly and confidently during the speaking test!After the exam, don't stress too much about the results. Just do your best and remember that it's all about learning and improving our English skills. And who knows, maybe you'll even surprise yourself with how well you did!So there you have it, guys - the English Major CET-4 Exam in a nutshell. Just keep practicing and believing in yourself, and you'll crush that exam in no time! Good luck, everyone!篇3Hey guys, today I wanna share with you a super awesome thing - the "English Major CET-4 Best Essay Collection"! It's like a treasure trove of amazing essays that will totally blow your mind.I know some of you might be thinking, "Ugh, English essays are so boring and hard." But trust me, these essays are anything but boring. They're full of interesting stories, cool facts, and even some funny jokes. Plus, they're written by real English majors, so you know they're gonna be top-notch.One of my favorite essays in the collection is called "The Power of Words". It's all about how words can have a huge impact on people's lives, and how we should be careful about what we say. It really made me think about the way I talk to my friends and family, and how I can use words to lift them up instead of tearing them down.Another awesome essay is "The Beauty of Nature". It's all about how spending time in nature can make us feel happy and peaceful. It made me wanna go outside and explore the world around me, instead of just sitting inside playing video games all day.So if you wanna improve your English skills and be inspired by some amazing writing, you definitely gotta check out the "English Major CET-4 Best Essay Collection". It's like a gold mine of awesomeness, and I know you're gonna love it!篇4Hi! I'm gonna talk about the English major CET-4 exam today! It's super important for English majors and we all wanna do our best, right?First off, let's talk about how to prepare for the exam. You gotta study hard and practice a lot. Reading English books,watching English movies, and chatting with friends in English are all great ways to improve your skills. Don't forget to do some past exam papers too!Next, let's talk about the exam day. Make sure you get a good night's sleep and have a healthy breakfast. When you're in the exam room, stay calm and read the questions carefully. Don't rush and take your time to think about your answers.During the writing part of the exam, make sure you plan your essay before you start writing. Use good grammar and vocabulary to impress the examiners. Try to include examples and personal experiences to make your essay more interesting.Finally, remember to review your answers before you hand in your paper. Check for any mistakes and make any necessary changes. And don't forget to stay positive and believe in yourself!So, there you have it, some tips for the English major CET-4 exam. Good luck, everyone! Let's ace this exam together!篇5Hey guys, today I wanna talk to you about this super cool English article I found online. It's called "100 Must-Read PDFs for the English Major for Level 4". Sounds fancy, right?First of all, I gotta say that reading is super important if you wanna be good at English. And these PDFs are like treasure chests full of knowledge and wisdom. They cover all sorts of topics like literature, linguistics, grammar, and more. It's like getting a sneak peek into the world of English majors.One of the PDFs on the list is "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics". It's all about language and how it works. Super interesting stuff if you ask me. And then there's "The Elements of Style" by William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White. It's like the Bible for anyone who loves writing and grammar.But let me tell you, reading these PDFs is not just about studying. It's also about having fun and learning new things. It's like going on an adventure without leaving your room. So next time you're bored, why not give one of these PDFs a try?In conclusion, if you wanna be a pro at English, you gotta read. And these 100 PDFs are the perfect place to start. So what are you waiting for? Start reading and expanding your knowledge today!Hi guys! Today I'm going to share with you an awesome article about the top 100 PDFs for the English major CET-4 exam. If you want to pass the test with flying colors, you definitely need to check out these amazing resources.First off, make sure to download the official CET-4 exam syllabus. This will give you a clear idea of what topics to focus on and what kind of questions to expect. Next, you should practice with past exam papers. This will help you familiarize yourself with the format of the test and improve your time management skills.Another great resource is online study guides and tutorials. There are tons of websites and blogs that offer free study materials and tips for the CET-4 exam. Make sure to take advantage of these resources and use them to your advantage.Last but not least, don't forget to practice your English skills regularly. Whether it's reading English books, watching English movies, or even chatting with native speakers online, the more you immerse yourself in the language, the better you'll become.With these top 100 PDFs and some hard work, I'm sure you'll ace the CET-4 exam in no time. Good luck everyone!Hello everyone! Today, I'm going to share with you a super awesome essay about the English major fourth-level professional exam. It's like, a really important test for us English majors, and I want to help you prepare for it. So, let's get started!The English major fourth-level professional exam is like, a big deal for all of us who study English. It's like, a test to see how much we've learned and how well we can use English in our future careers. So, we need to study really hard and make sure we're ready for it.The exam is divided into like, four parts: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Each part is like, super important and we need to practice a lot to do well in each one. For the listening part, we can like, listen to English songs or watch English movies to help improve our listening skills. For the reading part, we can read books and articles in English to expand our vocabulary and improve our reading comprehension.When it comes to the writing part, we need to like, practice writing essays and reports in English to improve our writing skills. And for the speaking part, we can like, practice speaking Englishwith our friends or even record ourselves and listen back to see how we sound.In conclusion, the English major fourth-level professional exam is like, a really important test for us English majors. We need to study hard and practice a lot to do well in each part of the exam. So, let's all work together and help each other prepare for this super awesome test. Good luck, everyone!篇8Hey guys, today I want to share with you this awesome PDF file that I found with tons of top quality English Major CET-4 essays! I know sometimes it can be super hard to write essays in English, especially if you are not a native speaker like me. But don't worry, these essays have got you covered!There are over 100 essays in this PDF file, and they cover a wide range of topics. From environmental issues to technology trends, from education to travel experiences, you name it, they have it! Each essay is well-written, with clear structure and vivid language. Reading through them can really help you improve your English writing skills.I personally love reading these essays because they give me so much inspiration. I can learn new vocabulary and sentencestructures, as well as different ways to express my ideas. Plus, it's just so interesting to see how other people think and write, don't you think?So if you are struggling with your English writing or just want to read some amazing essays, I highly recommend you check out this PDF file. Trust me, it's worth it! Let's all work hard together to become better English writers! Good luck!篇9Hey guys, today I wanna share with you a super awesome PDF file that has a bunch of really cool stuff for the English major 4th level exam. It's like a treasure trove of English knowledge that will help you ace the test and become an English wizard!In this PDF, you'll find all kinds of tips and tricks for improving your English skills. There are grammar rules, vocabulary lists, and even practice exercises to help you hone your English abilities. And the best part is, it's all in one handy file that you can carry around with you wherever you go.I know exams can be super stressful, but with this PDF, you'll have all the tools you need to rock that English exam. So don't stress, just download the PDF, study hard, and you'll be acing that test in no time!Remember, practice makes perfect, so make sure to go through the PDF thoroughly and do all the exercises. The more you practice, the better you'll get at English. And before you know it, you'll be speaking and writing like a pro!So what are you waiting for? Go grab that PDF and start studying! Good luck, guys! You got this!篇10Oh wow, writing a 2000-word article in English? That sounds like a lot of work, but I'll try my best! Here goes:Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about a super interesting topic - English major CET-4 (College English Test Band 4) writing! Woohoo!First of all, let's break down what CET-4 writing is all about. It's all about showcasing your English writing skills in different formats like essays, reports, and even letters. Sounds cool, right?When you're writing your CET-4 essay, remember to start with a strong introduction. Grab your reader's attention and make them want to keep reading! Then, move on to your main points in the body paragraphs. Make sure to support your ideaswith examples and evidence to make your argument super strong.Next up, don't forget to write a killer conclusion. Summarize your main points and leave your reader with a lasting impression. It's like the cherry on top of your essay sundae!Oh, and don't forget about grammar and vocabulary. Using a variety of words and sentence structures will make your writing stand out. And remember to proofread your essay before submitting it - no one likes silly mistakes!So there you have it, folks! Writing a killer CET-4 essay is all about starting strong, supporting your ideas, and finishing with a bang. Good luck with your English major studies and happy writing! Let's ace that exam together!。
专业英语四级阅读理解辅导：先读文章后看题目有的考生在做阅读理解题的时候，喜欢先看题目后读文章。
他们认为这样会节省时间，但是大多数情况下结果与他们的初衷相反。
实际上，在做阅读理解题的时候先看题目不会节省时间，反而会浪费时间。
这是因为如果你先看题目，在你阅读文章的时候你的脑中就会充斥着这些题目，那么你就不能集中注意力。
你就会集中注意力寻找这些题目的答案，从而影响对文章整体的理解。
因此在做阅读理解时要先读文章，后看题目。
以下是一些具体的方法：1.在阅读文章时不要担心时间不够，否则就不能全神贯注于文章内容。
在阅读文章开头几句时，你要联想一下文章的大意：文章是关于什么内容、写的谁、谈论什么事物等。
2.当你继续阅读文章时，要努力识别出文章的文体，即是科普文章、文学作品，还是新闻报道或是别的;同时要识别出作者的写作手法，文章是写给谁看的，作者是带着一种什么样的感情写这篇文章的。
3.在读完文章一遍后，你会对文章的主题和文章的结构有了一定的印象，但是为了准确起见，在你回答问题的时候一定要回过头来再看一遍该文，以确认你的答案。
不要根据自己第一遍阅读时的印象答题，也不要根据自己所掌握的文章以外的知识答题。
4.在阅读题目的时候，要注意一些关键字眼，比如EXCEPT, CANNOT, NOT, INCORRECT 等出题者为了引起考生特别注意的大写词英语专业四级阅读理解面面观一、专四阅读理解十大话题社会话题:如商场偷窃(2004),体育商业化(2002)教育话题:如儿童择校(2001),大学教育(1997),教学方法(1997),科技话题:如轻型飞机(1993), 昆虫思维(1994),人物传记;某小说家(1992),个人历史(1996),姓氏溯源(2000)历史研究:北爱尔兰问题(1992),法国变化(1993)妇女话题:夫妻关系(2001),家电与妇女(2002)种族话题:民族矛盾(1998)自然话题:雪崩(1996),海啸(1997),潮汐(1992)健康话题:饮酒与心脏病(1995),经济话题:如瑞士银行(2000),中国经济特区(2004)二、阅读理解五种材料说明文、记叙文、议论文、描写文、应用文(尤其是新闻报道)三、题型分析及应对策略1．主旨类(1)What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?(2)What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?(3)The main theme of this passage is ___________.(4)The main point of the passage is__________.(5)Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?(6)The title that best expresses thetheme of the passage is ___________.我要收藏(7)On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ?(8)The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.(9)Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?应对策略：跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。
专业英语四级阅读模拟试卷202全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Professional English CET-4 Reading Practice Test 202Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Humans have been altering the world's ecosystems for thousands of years. Usually, changes have happened at a relatively slow pace, giving other creatures time to adapt. However, in the last 300 years, human activity has caused much more rapid and extensive alterations in the natural world. The rapid rate of change is causing problems for many species and ecosystems. The extinction rate of species is now 100 to 1000times greater than the rate before human beings began altering the environment.The rapid rate of extinction has been caused mainly by the destruction of habitats. Habitat can be destroyed in many ways, such as logging, mining, farming, and urban expansion. The expansion of farming and urbanization has meant that many habitats are fragmented into much smaller areas. Small areas of habitat, which may be too small to support a viable population, have a high risk of disappearing altogether. Moreover, the removal of a single species may have implications for many others. A species does not live in isolation; instead, it occupies a web of interactions with other species. Humans have the ability to greatly affect other species by removing just one of the members of an ecosystem.1. According to the passage, how does the rate of extinction now compare with the rate before human beings began altering the environment?A. It has decreased significantly.B. It has increased slightly.C. It has remained the same.D. It has increased substantially.2. What is the main cause of the rapid rate of extinction mentioned in the passage?A. Overpopulation of certain species.B. Pollution of ecosystems.C. Destruction of habitats.D. Climate change.3. Why are habitats being fragmented into smaller areas?A. Due to natural causes.B. Because of the expansion of farming and urbanization.C. To enable easier access for humans.D. To facilitate the breeding of species.4. What is the implication of the removal of a single species from an ecosystem?A. It has no impact on the remaining species.B. It leads to the eventual extinction of all species.C. It disrupts the web of interactions within the ecosystem.D. It improves the overall health of the ecosystem.Passage 2Symbiotic relationships are common in nature, with many species relying on each other for survival. One example of symbiosis is the relationship between the clownfish and the sea anemone. The clownfish is able to live among the sea anemone's tentacles without being harmed by its venomous sting. In turn, the clownfish protects the sea anemone from predators, such as butterflyfish, that feed on them. This mutually beneficial relationship is known as mutualism, where both species benefit from the interaction.Another example of symbiosis is the relationship between bees and flowers. Bees pollinate flowers as they collect nectar for food. Pollination is essential for the reproduction of many plant species, making bees important pollinators. In return, the flowers provide the bees with nectar, which is their main source of energy. This relationship is an example of mutualism as well, where both bees and flowers benefit from the interaction.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of symbiotic relationships in nature.B. The competition between species for resources.C. The dangers of venomous marine life.D. The impact of pollution on ecosystems.6. What is mutualism?A. A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits at the expense of another.B. A relationship where both species benefit from the interaction.C. A relationship where one species preys on another for survival.D. A relationship where both species are harmed by the interaction.7. Why are bees important pollinators?A. They collect nectar for food.B. They protect flowers from predators.C. They reproduce plant species.D. They provide energy for the flowers.8. What does the clownfish do to protect the sea anemone?A. It feeds on the sea anemone's predators.B. It lives among the sea anemone's tentacles.C. It competes with the sea anemone for food.D. It creates barriers around the sea anemone.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.9. If the weather ___, we will have to postpone the picnic.A. will not improveB. does not improveC. did not improveD. has not improved10. The company apologized for the inconvenience ___ by the delay.A. causesB. causedC. causeD. causing11. He ___ have forgotten his phone, as he never leaves home without it.A. mightB. couldC. mustD. should12. The new law will go into ___ next month.A. affectB. effectC. affectsD. effectedPart III Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5-10 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1The James Bay Hydroelectric Project in Canada is one of the largest and most controversial hydroelectric projects in the world. The project involves the construction of numerous dams and power stations on rivers flowing into James Bay, a southern extension of the Hudson Bay. The project was initiated by the government of Quebec in the 1970s and was completed in 1984.One of the main reasons for the construction of the James Bay Project was to provide electricity to Quebec and decrease the province's reliance on fossil fuels. The project has a total generating capacity of over 16,000 MW, making it one of the largest hydroelectric systems in the world. However, the project has been criticized for its impact on the environment and local communities. The flooding of large areas of land for the construction of dams has led to the displacement of First Nations communities and the destruction of traditional territories.13. Where is the James Bay Hydroelectric Project located?A. Hudson Bay.B. The southern extension of James Bay.C. Quebec.D. Canada.14. When was the James Bay Project completed?A. 1970s.B. 1984.C. 1990s.D. 2000s.15. What is one of the main reasons for the construction of the James Bay Project?A. To decrease the province's reliance on fossil fuels.B. To increase the province's reliance on fossil fuels.C. To flood large areas of land.D. To displace First Nations communities.16. How much total generating capacity does the James Bay Project have?A. Over 16,000 MW.B. Less than 10,000 MW.C. Over 20,000 MW.D. Less than 5,000 MW.17. What has been a criticism of the James Bay Project?A. Its impact on the environment and local communities.B. Its use of renewable energy sources.C. Its positive effects on traditional territories.D. Its decrease in greenhouse gas emissions.Passage 2Astrology is the study of how the positions of the stars and planets can affect human behavior and events. The practice of astrology has been around for thousands of years, with roots in ancient Babylon, Egypt, and Greece. Astrologers believe that the positions of celestial bodies at the time of a person's birth can influence their personality, relationships, and future.There are twelve zodiac signs in Western astrology, each associated with different personality traits and characteristics. For example, individuals born under the sign of Leo are believed to be confident and charismatic, while those born under the sign of Pisces are thought to be compassionate and creative. The movements of the planets are also thought to influence events on Earth and can be used to predict future trends and developments.18. What is astrology?A. The study of how the positions of the stars and planets can affect human behavior and events.B. The study of ancient civilizations.C. The study of celestial bodies.D. The study of psychology.19. How long has the practice of astrology been around?A. Hundreds of years.B. Thousands of years.C. Millions of years.D. Billions of years.20. What do astrologers believe can influence a person's personality and future?A. Their job.B. Their education.C. The positions of celestial bodies at the time of their birth.D. Their family background.21. How many zodiac signs are there in Western astrology?A. Four.B. Six.C. Eight.D. Twelve.22. What are Leo and Pisces examples of in astrology?A. Zodiac symbols.B. Planets.C. Stars.D. Constellations.Part IV Translation (10 points)Directions: There are five sentences in this part. Translate them into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.23. 为了保护海洋生态系统，我们需要采取行动。
最新英语专四阅读训练文章最新英语专四阅读训练文章重复是学习之母。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的最新英语专四阅读训练文章，希望能给大家带来帮助!part 1Catch the star that holds your destinyCatch the star that holds your destiny, the one that forever twinkles within your heart. Take advantage of precious opportunities while they still sparkle before you. Always believe that your ultimate goal is attainable as long as you commit yourself to it.Though barriers may sometimes stand in the way of your dreams, remember that your destiny is hiding behind them. Accept the fact that not everyone is going to approve of the choices you've made. Have faith in your judgment. Catch the star that twinkles in your heart and it will lead you to your destiny's path. Follow that pathway and uncover the sweet sunrises that await you.Take pride in your accomplishments, as they are stepping stones to your dreams. Understand that you may make mistakes, but don't let them discourage you. Value your capabilities and talents for they are what make you truly unique. The greatest gifts in life are not purchased, but acquired through hard work and determination. Find the star that twinkles in your heart? For you alone are capable of making your brightest dreams come true. Give your hopes everything you've got and you will catch the star that holds your destiny.原文翻译抓住生命中的那颗星当生命中的那颗星在你内心闪耀的时候，要学会把握它，永远相信只要自己持之以恒，就一定能够实现自己心中的梦想。
In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31. The purpose of the passage is to_____.A. describe ways of eliminating mosquito larvaeB. demonstrate the great differences among kinds of mosquitoesC. show reasons for the high survival rate of mosquitoesD. give a general description of mosquito developmentNow read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.Each variety of mosquitos has its favored kind of water accumulation for breeding, and almost every imaginable type of still water has been used by at least one kind of mosquito to lay its eggs. After the eggs hatch, the larvae continue to be closely associated with water's surface at the tail ends of their bodies. Because the larvae develop this way, they are never found in the open water of lakes where they would merely serve as fish food, or in places where they would be damaged by wave action or water currents.TEXT FFirst read the following questions.32. The main idea of the passage is ______.A. how to play tennisB. how to win a tennis matchC. the general introduction of the gameD. what is a game in tennis33. The author drives his point home by______.A. giving the detailsB. explaining step by stepC. offering strong proofsD. making vivid descriptionsNow read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Let's talk about tennis between just two players. You know that the two players hit a ball across the net. One side must hit the ball so that the other player cannot hit it back over the net. The ball must stay within the lines. If the first player can't do this, the opponent gets a point. The players always stop when one wins a point. To start play again, one player will serve. He or she throws the ball into the air and hits it. The ball must cross the net without hitting it. The other player must hit the ball back across the net before it hits the ground twice. If the ball doesn't hit the net or the ground twice, the players keep hitting it over the net. This goes on until someone misses. A player needs four points to win a game. If both players have three points, then one must get two more points together to win. When one player wins six games, it is called a set. If each side wins five games, then one must win two more games together to win the set. If each player wins six games, they play one more game of seven points. A match usually has three or five sets.TEXT GFirst read the following question.34. While at London airports, you have to present your passport at______.A. the carouselB. the Immigration HallC. the customsD. the Arrivals HallNow read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.Arriving at London airports. Just follow these simple steps for a trouble free arrival. Follow the ARRIVALS sign if you are ending your journey in London or transferring to a UK domestic flight. This will take you to the Immigration Hall where you must present your passport and any necessary visa/health documentation.At HEATHROW airport proceed downstairs to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. At GATEWICK airport proceed downstairs in the North Terminal to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. Free trolleys are available for your bags. To clear customs take the Red Channel if you have goods to declare or the Green Channel if you have no goods to declare. You will then be in the Arrivals Hall. From here you can obtain transport into central London; transfer between GATEWICK and HEATHROW airports and transfer to UK domestic flights.。
科普科研类（Passage 89～94）Passage 89 题材：科普科研类字数：484 建议用时：6.5分钟“Mirror Wor ld s” is only one of David Gelernter's big ideas. Another is “lifestreams”—in essence,vast electronic diaries. “Every document you create and every document other people send you is stored in your lifestream,” he wrote in the mid-1990s together with Eric Freeman, who produced a doctoral thesis on the topic. Putting electronic documents in chronological order, they said, would make it easier for people to manage all their digital output and experiences.Lifestreams have not yet replaced the desktop on personal computers, as Mr. Gelernter had hoped. Indeed, a software start-up to implement the idea folded in 2004. But today something quite similar can be found all over the web in many different forms. Blogs are essentially electronic diaries. Personal newsfeeds are at the heart of Facebook and other social networks. A torrent of short text messages appears on Twitter.Certain individuals are going even further than Mr. Gelernter expected. Some are digitizing their entire office, including pictures, bills and correspondence. Others record their whole life. Gordon Bell, a researcher at Microsoft, puts everything he has accumulated, written, photographed and presented in his “local cyberspace”. Yet others “log” every aspect of their lives with wea rable cameras.The latest trend is “life-tracking”. Practitioners keep meticulous digital records of things they do: how much coffee they drink, how much work they doeach day, what books they are reading, and so on. Much of this is done manually by putting the data into a PC or, increasingly, a smartphone. But people are also using sensors, mainly to keep track of their vital signs, for instance to see how well they sleep or how fast they run.The first self-trackers were mostly geeks fascinated by numbers. But the more recent converts simply want to learn more about themselves, says Gary Wolf, a technology writer and co-founder of a blog called “The Quantified Self”. They want to use technology to help them identify factors that make them depressed, keep them from sleeping or affect their cognitive performance. One self-tracker learned, for instance, that eating a lot of butter allowed him to solve arithmetic problems faster.A market for self-tracking devices is already emerging. Fitbit and Greengoose, two start-ups, are selling wireless accelerometers that can track a user's physical activity. Zeo, another start-up, has developed an alarm clock that comes with a headband to measure people's brainwave activity at night and chart their sleep on the web.As people create more such self-tracking data, firms will start to mine them and offer services based on the result. Xobni, for example, analyses people's inboxes （” xobni” spelled backwards）to help them manage their e-mail and contacts. It lists them according to the intensity of the electronic relationship rather than in alphabetical order. Users are sometimes surprised by the results, says Jeff Bonforte, the firm's boss: “They think it's creepy when we list other people before theirgirlfriend or wife.”1. Which of the following statements is TRUE of electronic documents?A. They are open to the individual's friends.B. The types of documents are limited.C. They can be put in various websites.D. They are mainly presented in pictures.2. As to life-tracking, the author has given the following examples EXCEPT _________.A. the toolB. the purposeC. the methodD. the individual3. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. many men tend to alienate from their girlfriends or wives deliberatelyB. in some aspects, men have closer relationship with others than their wivesC. self-tracking devices and data might bring trouble to many familiesD. people may take advantage of self-tracking data to fulfill their dreams4. The best title of the passage is ________.A. Tracking Your Life on the WebB. Recording Electronic DocumentsC. Life-tracking DevicesD. A New Technology5. What does t he word “folded” in Paragraph Two probably mean?「文章大意」本文介绍在网络上记录生活的情况。
第3章英语专业四级标准阅读篇人物记述类（Passage 31～38）Passage 31 题材：人物记述类字数：466 建议用时：6.5分钟I grew up deprived of hugs. Neither of my parents was the cuddly type. Greetings involving kissing caused me to wince, and hugging generally just made me feel awkward.Then one hug changed all that. One month before my 40th birthday my dad had heart surgery. As he came round, days later, he grabbed me and hugged me so hard I had to push with all my might to keep my head from pressing down on his newly stitched torso.It was a hug to make up for all those we had never had. Days later as he slowly started to gain strength he told me for the first time ever that he loved me, and through my tears I told him I loved him, too.I began planning how to bake him better—with carrot cakes, victoria sponges, jelly and ice cream. My maternal streak kicked in and I fantasied about wheeling him through the park and feeding him home-made goodies. Then he died.I felt cheated. All my life I had wondered whether my dad cared for me and loved me—I doubted it.Just as I got proof that he did, he passed away.My parents split up when I was two years old and, while I had monthly contactwith my dad, my bitter stepmother and my father's old-fashioned stiff upper lip meant we never became close. In fact, I used to dread the visits to see him and count the hours until I could go home again.When I was very little the weekends at my father's house felt cold and unfriendly. During my teens the trips to a hostile house became a dread on the horizon for weeks beforehand. Each stay culminated in an uncomfortable peck on the cheek from dad as he said goodbye—a moment I cringed about for hours in advance.Losing a father whom you have no recollection of ever living with is difficult. Grieving is tricky; I didn't have any obvious close father-daughter memories to cling to and think and cry over. Most of my memories were of stilted meetings and uncomfortable times together. But I desperately missed him being alive.As time moved on my grief and anger at his untimely death began to recede. I realized that his affirmation of me from his deathbed had filled a gaping hole of insecurity I had constantly carried around.To a child a hug says too many things. It tells you that the person hugging you loves you, cares for you. A hug also confirms that you are a lovable being. Months after dad's death I realized with a jolt that his lack of hugs said more about him than me. My father was not a demonstrative man and I was, therefore, perhaps, a lovable being.1. We can infer from the passage that _______.A. the father loved his daughter more than the mother didB. the father wasn't good at expressing his inner feelingsC. the father regretted not having hugged his daughter earlierD. the father's last wish was to tell his daughter he loved her2. Which of the following statements about the author is INCORRECT?A. She was reluctant to go to visit her father's but she had toB. She wasn't intimate with her father partly because of her stepmotherC. She was awkward when her father felt uneasy during her stayD. She disliked having to meet with her stepmother and her children3. According to the passage, the author's background _______.A. made her feel sad and depressedB. gave her a sense of insecurityC. enabled her to make great achievementsD. induced her to be far away from her father4. What does t he word “wince” in Paragraph One mean?5. What did the author seem to gain in the end?「文章大意」本文主要讲述了作者从小和父亲关系冷淡，在得到父亲的一个拥抱后，她不再怀疑父亲对她的爱，但父亲却因病离开了她。
首段记叙自己成长中缺少父母的拥抱，因此很不适应别人的亲昵举动。
第二段和第三段叙述了父亲在心脏手术之后拥抱了她，告诉她自己爱她。
这个举动改善了作者和父亲的关系。
几天之后父亲去世，作者非常难过，她回忆了父母离异后，每次去父亲家的忐忑心理和尴尬情绪。
最后三段讲述了父亲去世后作者的心理状态以及对父亲和自己关系的重新认识。
答案详解1.B 推断题。
结合文中第二段第三句讲述的父亲的拥抱以及第六段讲到的“…my fa ther'sold．fashioned stiff upper lip meant we never became close”这两个内容推断可知，可知，作者的父亲不善于表达情感，所以本题应选B。
2.D 细节题。
文中虽然提到了作者的继母，但对于继母有没有子女这一问题，作者并没有给予明确说明，所以本题应选D。
3.B 细节题。
文章第九段第二句提到，作者在没有温情的家里，缺乏安全感，但是后来父亲的拥抱填补了这个空缺，由此可见，本题应选B。
4. Withdraw.语义题。
根据题干内容可将本题的答案定位到文章首段。
本段中作者提到，小时候从没得到过父母的拥抱，导致她不习惯和别人有亲昵动作，因此当别人亲吻她的时候避开是条件反射。
5. Confidence.推断题。
根据本题中的关键信息In the end可知，本题答案在文章最后一段。
由该段第三句和最后一句可以看出，作者最终理解了父亲没有拥抱她过自己的原因，并不是父亲认为自己不可爱，而是父亲不善于表达，作者因此重拾信心。
「词汇装备」awkward adj. 难使用的；笨拙的torso n. 未完成的（不完整的）作品；残缺不全的东西culminate v. 达到顶点recollection n. 回忆；记忆recede v. 后退be deprived of被剥夺…；被夺走…cuddly adj. 令人想拥抱的；喜爱抚的sponge n. 海绵；海绵体；海绵状物；（外科用的）棉球v. 用海绵等冼涤cringe v. 畏缩；阿谀；奉承stilted adj. 踩高跷的；虚饰的jolt v. 摇晃n. 摇晃pass away去世Passage 32 题材：人物记述类字数：459 建议用时：6.5分钟My husband Christopher was once a financial planner. Even though he couldn't balance our budget, his clients trusted him implicitly and he made them feel secure. In exchange they paid him very well. We had a nice life then, except for the occasional blip on the radar screen of our relationship—nothing that couldn't be solved with a few soft words or a trip to the bedroom. Usually little tiffs about money. My yoga studio was just starting to make a profit, and I had recently decorated it in a lovely minimalist way, in neutral tones with simple prints and accents like straw-coloured silk cushions and clay flowerpots. At last, I was in control of my working life and poured my heart and soul into making it succeed.When we first met, I fell hard for Christopher right away, although I wouldn't call it love. I'd never been with a man who was prettier than I was, but after a while Igot used to it, and it didn't bother me so much. I was recovering from a broken heart and needed something to help me move on. If it wasn't love, it was good enough, and when he asked me to marry him I jumped at the chance, knowing that it might be my last.Things started out so well. I was working steadily and Christopher was patiently climbing up the ladder in his department. Then, without any warning, one overcast winter afternoon in year five, he just upped and left his desk in the gray cubicle at the bank, handed in his resignation, and came home and told me he wanted to start an interior design business.He has always loved mixing and matching, and has a real eye for colour, texture, and shape, but the idea of turning a hobby into a business wasn't something we had ever discussed. I thought the stress of his job was becoming too much and perhaps he would take a few months off over the spring and summer to relax, do a project or two, and get the idea out of his system. I didn't believe he could be serious. But once he had a few clients, （thanks to my sister who has a lot of rich friends）, he began to draw up plans, ordering catalogues and scouting vintage furniture shops, turning our empty workshop into a kind of makeshift studio with all of his sketches pinned to the wall. Mter spending a lot of time and money on all of this preparation, and really doing quite a nice job of it, he called each client in turn and apologized, saying he wasn't well and wouldn't be able to design their living spaces after all. Then he went to bed.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT of the couple's life?。
