非谓语动词
也称为动词的非限定形式，不可以在句中单独做谓语，也不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词具有双重性质，既有动词的特点（有时态、语态的变化，能被状语修饰，也有自己的宾语），又有非动词的特点（可以代替名词或形容词）。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词，前者表主动或进行，后者表被动或完成)三种。它们可以在句中充当除谓语以外的其它各种成分。
●非谓语动词作主语
１）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作e.g. is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001, 51)
A. To be not tall
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not all
D. Not being tall
[分析] 句意为：个子不高在生活中不是一个大的缺点。非谓语动词在句中主语。非谓语动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此，排除掉A和Ｃ。动名词和不定时都可以作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的实施，应该用动名词，所以Ｄ正确。
２）不定式和动名词都可以用it 来代替作形式主语，但在含有no, -less等否定词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。如：
It is useless talking with her. 和她谈话是没有用的。
It is no good discussing with her. 和她讨论是没有益处的。
3）如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。如：
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked。
例如：It was very brave of you to save the drowning girl.
●非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词可以在句中充当宾语，但分词却不可以。
1）有些动词后只能接动名词，如：abandon, admit, advocate,
acknowledge, anticipate, enjoy, appreciate, risk, pardon, resist, forgive, mind, tolerate, suggest, avoid, confess, consider, delay, deny, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, imagine, involve, justify, mention, practice, postpone, recall, recollect, etc.
2）有些动词后只能接不定式，如：aim, ask, agree, claim, endeavor, bother, fail, long, pretend, plan, refuse, tend, prepare, volunteer, attempt, claim, intend, pledge, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture, etc.
3）有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如：love, like, hate, begin, start, etc. 这时，两者的差别不大，主要在于：不定式一
般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次
动作。如：I like getting up early. 我喜欢早起。（一种生活习惯）
I hate to get up early tomorrow. 我讨厌明天要早起。（一次性行
为）
4）有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如：try, remember, forget, regret, stop, etc. 此时，两者差别很大，需要加以区别。如：I never regretted the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. (1993, 53)
A. not to accept
B. not having accepted
C. having not accepted
D. not accepting
[分析] to regret doing sth. 表示“后悔做过某事”，即某事已经发生了；to regret to do sth. 表示“对做某事感到遗憾”。联系句意“我从来不后悔没有接受那份工作，因为那并非我的兴趣所在”，可以直接排除A。由于regret 后的内容并不强调事情发生的时间，所以可排除B 和C（C中否定词的位置不对）。因此，D为正确答案。
5) 介词或介词短语之后接动名词作宾语。下列短语中的to是介词，所以后面必须接动名词：object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to., see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to, etc.
如：You must realize (that) I object to being kept waiting.
●非谓语动词作补语
?不定式和分词都可以做主语补足语和宾语补足语。但两者表达的
意义有所不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动意义；不定式表示动作将要完成。
e.g. I heard someone singing this song. （指当时）我听见有人正在唱
这首歌。
I heard my name called. 我听见有人叫我的名字。
He asked me to get in touch with her. 他要我和她联系。（动作未
发生）
?现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse,
glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补足语。例如：
When I looked out of the window I saw her crossing the road.当我向窗外望去的时候，看见她正在过马路。
?不定式在以下结构中作主语补足语：be said/reported/thought/
believed/known/supposed +to do sth.。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式，比如to have done。
例如：This strategy is reported to have been effective.
据报道，这种策略有些效果。
●非谓语动词作定语
?不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语。不定式常用作名词
后置定语。如：Do you have time to help us?你有时间帮助我们吗？
?一些可用作形容词的单个的现在分词常用作前置定语。如：
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
我们一得到额外资金就继续着手我们的实验。
This is really an exciting day to all of us! 对于我们所有人来说，这真是令人兴奋的一天。
此外，一些现在分词（短语）可用在名词后作定语，相当于一个从句，如：
There is a van stopping (= which is stopping) outside.有一辆货车停在外面。
?有很多表示情绪的过去分词，以及一些其它类型的过去分词可用
作定语，如：
She could hear his agitated voice. 她能听见他激动的声音。
closed door 关着的门
?不定式作定语时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面必须有相应的介
词与前面所修饰的名词相呼应。如：
He is looking for a room to live in.
Smith is a good man to work with.
●非谓语动词作状语
1）不定式和分词都可以作状语，表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、让步、结果等。不定式常在句中作目的状语，而分词一般不具
备这种功能；分词能表示时间或伴随情况，不定时却不能这样
用。如：
He came to see me. 他来见我。
Singing a song, they came into the classroom. 他们唱着歌，进了
教室。
?不定式作结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾。一般表示不好的结
果，有时用only加强语气。例如：
Many reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told that the superstar had already left.(……，结果被告知那位明星早已离开。) 2）当不定式和分词有了自己的主语，便构成了不定式和分词的独立结构。
不定式独立结构通常在句中作状语，表示伴随状况；分词独立
结构在句中作状语，表示时间、伴随、原因和条件等。如：
We divided the work, he to clean the table and I to move the box.
我们分工合作，他擦桌子，我搬箱子。
Time permitting, we will have a meeting. 如果时间允许，我们就
开个会。
3）主语应与分词保持一致。
句中主语应该与分词逻辑主语保持一致，避免悬垂分词的出现。
也就是要避免既不带自己的主语，又不以句子主语做自己的逻
辑主语的分词短语。例如下面的句子是错误的。
Hearing the terrible news, her eyes filled with tears.
由于主语her eyes不能发出hearing的动作，所以本句是错误的。可以这样改：Hearing the terrible news, she burst into tears.一听到这个可怕的消息，她就哭了起来。
例：at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate.
A. Looking
B. Looked
C. Being looked
D. To look
[说明] 答案为B。句意“从他的角度来看，形式似乎还不至于令人如此绝望。”这里最主要的时判断look的逻辑主语是谁。句中真正的主语是the situation，两者互为被动，故应该用被动形式looked。4）非谓语动词作主语和状语时，若要使用其否定形式，则需要将否定词放在整个非谓语动词结构之前。如：
，he can now only watch it on TV at home. (1998,45)
A.Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B.Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C.Not having obtained a ticket for the match
D.Not obtained a ticket for the match
[分析] 本句中主语he 和obtain之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此是现在分词短语作原因状语；由于“没有弄到门票”发生在“看电视”之前，这里应该使用现在分词的完成式，即having obtained a ticket for the match，否定词not应该置于整个现在分词结构之前，因此本题应该选择C。
●分词作表语
分词作表语通常相当于形容词功能。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。
如：That book was rather boring. 那本书很枯燥。
He was very amused. 他很愉快。
●其他考点
?特殊不定式结构，比如：not/never too…to…, too…not to, but/only
too…to…, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to等表示肯定意义。如：
I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再次收到你的来
信，我太高兴了。
?表示“不得不做”的相关习惯用法（注意部分带to,部分不带to）：
cannot help but to cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do
?there be结构的非谓语动词形式在句中可以做宾语、状语或主语：
1）作动词宾语时，取决于谓语动词的本身要求。
①跟动名词的动词后用there being。常见的动词有：deny,
appreciate, mind, imagine, admit；②跟不定式的动词后用there
to be。常见的动词有：want, expect, hope, wish, like , hate, would
like, prefer, mean, intend等。
例如：
She denied there being any misunderstanding between them.她
否认他们之间有任何误会。
Teachers don’t want there to be any students lagging behind. 老
师不希望有任何学生掉队。
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes
before the final exams. 学生们希望期末考试前有更多的复
习课。
2）作除for外的介词宾语，用there being。如：
He would always ignore the fact of there being such a
contradiction in his inner thought. 他经常忽视其内心如此矛
盾这样一个事实。
I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between
us. 认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。
I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我从未想
到墙壁上有幅画。
3）作目的状语或程度状语时，用for there to be，作其他状语用there being。如：
- For there to be successful communication, there must be
attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all
present.为了成功交流，所有与会者必须关注与参与讨论会。
- It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can
leave Jim’s car out quite safely.今晚有霜不会太冷，所以我把
吉姆的车放在外面很安全。（即：若置于介词for之后，则
用there to be，整个介词短语作程度状语。再如：It was too late
for there to be any buses.太晚了，不会有公共汽车了。）
- There being no further questions, we’ll stop here today. 如果
没有问题，我们今天就先到这儿。（本例可参见there be句
型的独立主格结构）
4）引导主语时，
①在“It + be + adj. for…”句型中用there to be。如：
- It is unusual for there to be no late comers today. 今天没有
人迟到真少见。
- It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the class. 太遗
憾了，这个班上有多方面的麻烦。
②没有for引导，则用there being。例如：
- There being a public bus service is a great convenience to
people. 公交车对人们十分方便。
1) 和不定式一样，动名词有主动形式doing,也有被动形式being
done 或having been done; 有一般形式doing, 也有完成形式having done; 有肯定形式也有否定形式，否定词not一般放在动名词前。
例如：
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two
years ago. 我很珍惜两年前得到的出国留学的机会。
He said he so much regretted not being able to swim. 他说他对不会
游泳感到非常遗憾。
He doesn’t l ike not being taken seriously. 他不喜欢被人不严肃对待。
2) ①动名词也有逻辑主语，当整个动名词短语在句中作宾语的
时候，可以用所有格也可以用普通格；如果整个动名词短语作主语，逻辑主语（特别是有生命的名词）必须用所有格形式。例如：Do you mind my (/me) smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗？[my (/me) smoking作宾语]
They insisted on Mary’s (/ Mary) finishing the report before Friday.他们坚持让玛丽周五前完成报告。[其中的my finishing…就是所有格形式，做宾语]
The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学习法语很有帮助。[作主语]
②但罗辑主语是无生命名词时，通常只用名词普通格。如：
Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？
Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？
③逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone,
nobody, non, anybody, anyone等时，只用普通格。如：
She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
?动名词的习惯用法：
be busy/active doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth.
It’s no good/use doing sth.
have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.
cannot help doing sth.
There is no point/sense/harm/use doing sth.
There is no doing sth.
?和不定式、动名词一样，分词也有不同的时态形式，也有主动和
被动，也有谓语主语，分词也有肯定形式和否定形式，否定词not 放在分词标志词之前。一定要根据考题认真分析，选择正确的表达方式。如：
Not having received any letter from him, I gave him a call. 一直没有
收到他的信，于是我打了电话给他。
?现在分词作插入语，表示说话人对说话内容所持的立场或看问题
的态度。此时分词的逻辑主语不再是句子的主语。常见结构（固定表达）有：
generally speaking一般说来talking of (speaking of) 说到
strictly speaking严格地说judging from从……判断
all things considered从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
?从句改分词时，要注意：（1）从句和主句的主语必须一致，这是
可以省略从句的主语，将从句谓语部分改为分词形式，（2）主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。因此，经常出现“连词+分词”的结构（注意：此处的连词是不能省略的）。如：
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. 尽管学习刻苦，他还是没有通过期末考试。
If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
如果逐字翻译，文章会让人很难理解。
注意：‘从句改分词结构’与‘从句改独立主格结构’的区别：（1）是否省略连词；（2）从句中是否保留主语。下面是三例独立主格：- The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. 由于天气晴朗,我们决定去游泳.
=As the day was fine，we decided to go swimming.
- There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 工作都谈完了，我宣布会议结束。
= Since there is no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
- The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统遭暗杀了，国人都沉浸在深深的悲痛中。
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
一、选择题 1．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 2．—________is the boy using his mobile phone________? —________for information. A．Why; / ; Search B．Why; for; To search C．What; for; Searching D．What; for; To search 3．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 4．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 5．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 6．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 7．My mom wants________a new Jacket________me. A．to buy;to B．to buy: for C．buy; for 8．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 9．I used to . But now I get used to doing everything. I’m successful at last. A．give up; keeping B．giving up; keeping C．giving up; keep D．give up; keep 10．_____ the environment is important for human beings. A．Take care of B．Taking care of C．Took care of D．Take the care of 11．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 12．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 13．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay
第四章非谓语动词 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是非谓语动词？】 用最庸俗的方式说，动词在使用中一般有六种形式：原形，单数第三人称形式，过去式形式，不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式。其中，前三种形式可以单独作谓语，而后三种则没有这个能力。如： I do the housework every morning. My wife never does anything at home. But she did it when we first got married. 以上三个句子就是很正确的英语。但是，如果把其中的谓语换成to do, doing, done就不成立了。这就是上面说的它们三个没有能力独立作谓语。其中，“独立”二字非常重要，因为，如果有其他词的帮助，就可以了。如： The Whites are planning to buy a third car. They have sold their house. 综上所述，所谓的非谓语动词指的就是动词的不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式等三种形式。与非谓语动词相关的考点也都将围绕着这三种形式展开。 【非谓语动词形式的基本特征】 一、不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式均没有“时”的标记。但不定式形式和-ing形式有“体”和“态”的特征。既前面二者有一般进行体、完成体和完成进行体之分；有主动态和被动态之分。-ed形式比较特殊，它既没有“时”的标记，也没有“体”和“态”的特征。 二、非谓语动词也有及物不及物之分；如果是及物动词又有单宾、双宾和复合宾语及物动词之分。因此，非谓语动词后面同样可以有补足成分。如： 跟补语：to feel thirsty getting cold 跟宾语：to do one’s work drinking wine 跟状语：to fly high eating carelessly 三、非谓语动词也有否定形式，即把否定词not直接置于其前。如： to do --- not to do doing --- not doing having done --- not having done 四、非谓语动词词组中的不定式和-ing形式在句子中可以起名词词组的作用。如： To teach is to learn twice. Drinking will not help you out of the trouble. He was accused of polluting the lake. 以上诸例中的to teach, to learn, drinking, polluting这些结构既有动词的意义，有起到了名词词组的作用。这样的功能在谓语动词形式（do, does, did）来说，是绝对没有的。这也是同学们经常在写作中犯的错误之一。-ed形式也没有这个功能。 五、非谓语动词形式可以起形容词的作用。如： drinking water smiling faces a frozen pond boiled eggs 【什么是逻辑主语和逻辑宾语】 逻辑主语和逻辑宾语是老师讲解非谓语动词相关知识经常提及的两个概念。它们是针对语法主语和语法宾语提出来的。从语法上讲，只有句子的谓语动词才有资格有自己的语法上的主语和语法上的宾语，就是我们平时所说的主语和宾语。如果该动词作的不是谓语动词，那
一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.
一、选择题 1．We should do everything we can________the endangered birds. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 2．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 3．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 4．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 5．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandmother. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 6．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 7．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 8．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 9．We should try our best to prevent the air pollution________. A．from living a better life B．to live a better life C．live a better life D．lives a better life 10．I saw a little boy ________on the road. A．lie B．lying C．lied 11．—What about_____________? —That’s a good idea, A．go shopping B．going shop C．going shopping D．go to shop 12．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 13．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 14．(2016·老河口期考)—What did the guard say to you just now? —He warned us_______any farther. There's danger ahead. A．didn't walk B．not to walk C．walk D．to walk 15．Thanks for ________ me with my English.
非谓语动词 一：基本形态及表达作用 1.一般式不定式（to）+ do 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish 等。 I want to go home. I hope to see you. 说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。 I saw him come in. He helped him (to) carry things. 2.一般式动名词 V-ing 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking of taking over the job. 在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 He insisted on doing that work 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before. On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. 3.一般式分词 现在分词 v+ing 3.1.1持续性动词 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. 3.1.2终止性动词 说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. 过去分词 3.2.1通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. I can't find my lost pen. 3.2.2说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。 He is a person well-known in this country. 3.2.3代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。 Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter. 4.完成式不定式 to+have done 说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here. He is thought to have done it. He is believed to have done it. He seemed to have known it. 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。We wished to have done this.
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
非谓语动词 1（湖南省湘潭市外国语学校2010届高三第二次月考）Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them ____ from colonial days. A. was dated B. is dated C. is dating D. dating 2（浙江省金华一中2010届高三9月月考）Do I have to take all this medicine? It _______ so terrible. A. tastes B. is tasting C. is tasted D. has tasted 3（重庆市合川太和中学2010届高三第二次月考）___________ in the countryside made Mr. Wilson very hardworking when he was still young. A. Bringing up B. Being brought up C. Having brought up D. Brought up 4（广西柳州市第一中学2010届高三第一次模拟考试）A good knowledge of English is helpful if you are devoted to _______English literature. A．be studied B．study C．studied D．studying 5（江西省吉安一中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）April 12, 1846, was chosen as the day when all should be ready to start. We left _______with a group of 45 wagons. A. to travel B. travelled C. travelling D. travel 6（江西省师大附中2010届高三10月月考）This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ____. A. leaving untreated B. left untreated C. leaving to be untreated D. left untreating 7（山东省枣庄市第五中学2010届高三9月调研考试）——Would you like to help me clean my house now? ——Sorry, I can’t help _________ your house because I’m busy repairing mw bike? A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 8（河南省睢县高级中学2010届高三第一次月考）The comments the expert made ______ stock-market bothered him greatly, ______ him not fall asleep all night. A. be concerned, which made B. concerned, making C. concerning, making D. to be concerning, made 9（湖南省岳阳市一中2010届高三第二次月考）______as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A. Being published B. Publishing C. Published D. To be published 10（山东省郓城一中2010届高三第一次诊断检测）Even today I still remember the great fun we had _____ games on the beach in those happy days. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 11（四川省绵阳南山中学2010届高三10月月考）The man lay under a tree eating something, and seeing a dog running to him, ______ up in no time. A. to stand B. stood C. standing D. would stand 12（浙江省温州市十校联合体2010届高三上学期期初联考）The tall waterfalls and green mountains are a splendid sight when ______ from the valley bottom. A. viewing B. viewing them C. viewed D. view 13（安徽省安庆市示范高中2010届高三四校联考）I won’t go to his birthday without _______. A. inviting B. being inviting C. invited D. to be invited 14（江西省南昌二中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）Charlie stood on the top of the mountain,
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词不定式
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的意义 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 . When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受
worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing