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引言概述：在现代高等教育中，毕业设计（或称为毕业论文、学士论文等）是学生完成学业的重要环节。
而对于一些特定的专业，例如翻译专业，有时候还需要完成外文翻译这一项任务。
本文将探讨毕设外文翻译的意义和目的，以及为什么对翻译专业的学生而言这一任务极其重要。
正文内容：1.提高翻译能力和技巧外文翻译是一项对翻译专业学生而言十分重要的任务，通过进行外文翻译，学生们可以通过实践提高自己的翻译能力和技巧。
在这个过程中，他们可以学习如何处理不同类型的外文文本，熟悉不同领域的专业术语，并掌握一些常用的翻译技巧和策略。
2.扩展语言和文化知识毕设外文翻译要求学生们对翻译语言的相关知识和背景有一定的了解。
在进行翻译时，学生们需要遵循目标语言的语法规则，并确保所翻译的内容准确、清晰地传达源语言的意义。
通过这一过程，学生们可以进一步扩展自己的语言和文化知识，提高自己的跨文化沟通能力。
3.提供实践机会毕设外文翻译为学生们提供了一个实践的机会，让他们能够将在课堂上所学到的理论知识应用于实际操作中。
通过实践，学生们可以对所学知识的理解更加深入，同时也可以发现并解决实际翻译过程中的问题和挑战。
这对于学生们将来从事翻译工作时具备更好的实践能力和经验具有重要意义。
4.培养翻译专业素养毕设外文翻译要求学生们具备良好的翻译专业素养。
在进行翻译过程中，学生们需要保持专业的态度和责任心，严谨地对待每一个翻译任务。
他们需要学会如何进行翻译质量的评估和控制，以确保最终翻译稿的准确性和流畅性。
这一系列的要求和实践，可以帮助学生们培养出色的翻译专业素养。
5.提升自我学习和研究能力毕设外文翻译要求学生们进行广泛的文献阅读和研究，以便更好地理解所翻译的内容，并找到适当的翻译方法和策略。
在这个过程中，学生们需要培养自己的自主学习和研究能力，提高对学术和专业领域的敏感性，并能够独立思考和解决问题。
这将对学生们未来的学术研究和进一步的职业发展产生积极的影响。
总结：引言概述:毕业设计外文翻译（Thesis Translation）是指在毕业设计过程中，对相关外文文献进行翻译，并将其应用于研究中，以提供理论支持和参考。
因为学校对毕业论文中的外文翻译并无规定，为统一起见,特做以下要求：1、每篇字数为1500字左右，共两篇；2、每篇由两部分组成:译文+原文.3 附件中是一篇范本，具体字号、字体已标注。
外文翻译（包含原文)(宋体四号加粗）外文翻译一（宋体四号加粗）作者：(宋体小四号加粗）Kim Mee Hyun Director, Policy Research & Development Team，Korean Film Council（小四号）出处：(宋体小四号加粗)Korean Cinema from Origins to Renaissance(P358～P340) 韩国电影的发展及前景（标题：宋体四号加粗）1996～现在数量上的增长(正文:宋体小四）在过去的十年间，韩国电影经历了难以置信的增长。
上个世纪60年代，韩国电影迅速崛起，然而很快便陷入停滞状态,直到90年代以后，韩国电影又重新进入繁盛时期。
在这个时期，韩国电影在数量上并没有大幅的增长，但多部电影的观影人数达到了上千万人次。
1996年，韩国本土电影的市场占有量只有23.1%。
但是到了1998年，市场占有量增长到35。
8%，到2001年更是达到了50%。
虽然从1996年开始，韩国电影一直处在不断上升的过程中，但是直到1999年姜帝圭导演的《生死谍变》的成功才诞生了韩国电影的又一个高峰。
虽然《生死谍变》创造了韩国电影史上的最高电影票房纪录，但是1999年以后最高票房纪录几乎每年都会被刷新。
当人们都在津津乐道所谓的“韩国大片”时，2000年朴赞郁导演的《共同警备区JSA》和2001年郭暻泽导演的《朋友》均成功刷新了韩国电影最高票房纪录.2003年康佑硕导演的《实尾岛》和2004年姜帝圭导演的又一部力作《太极旗飘扬》开创了观影人数上千万人次的时代。
姜帝圭和康佑硕导演在韩国电影票房史上扮演了十分重要的角色。
从1993年的《特警冤家》到2003年的《实尾岛》，康佑硕导演了多部成功的电影。
河北工业大学毕业设计外文资料翻译专业及方向：土木工程专业建筑工程方向学生姓名:李康学号: 051405 班级：土木054外文出处（用外文写）:Journal of Earthquake Engineering Vol. 9, Special Issue 2 (2005) 415–438 _c Imperial College Press指导教师：王贵君职称：教授附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
提交日期： 2009 年 4 月 21 日地震引起的钢刚架弯矩对柱基上的影响仓田先生，中岛先生和K.防灾研究所，京都宇治大学，京都611-0011 ，日本塑性变形嵌入式型柱的基础实验研究的主要是测试宽度的厚度比和轴压比等参数，结果明显恶化引起的强度局部屈曲成为了受影响的测试参数。
分析的模型试验标本，发达国家模型采用了非线性动力学分析的低压及中高层钢框架的方法。
分析结果表明，必须考虑行为的恶化栏基，因为它极大地影响的结构的稳定和崩溃限制。
从分析中认识到除了本身的内力，崩溃限制宽厚比。
关键词：嵌入式型柱基;循环荷载试验;崩溃边缘;钢时刻帧;非线性动态分析。
1 、导言抗震设计的钢建筑结构已大大发展在过去几年里，针对严重危害钢结构，在1994年和1995年北岭Hyogoken -南部地震。
然而，更多的改善当前的结构设计仍然是必要的。
原因是地面摇晃，这和许多地方相比，就目前的设计来说，重新评价的强度强地震动的设计考虑对规范未来抗震设计规范的规定是必要的。
最近公布的设计准则[联邦紧急事务管理局，2000年;联合开展活动，2001年; Krawinkler等。
2004 ]考虑变形，在这些地震中要求钢结构和框架结构利用各种手段以确保其变形能力。
即使在最新的设计准则，真正崩溃限制建筑框架还没有明确的界定。
这是由于缺乏数据，这一限制以及缺乏可靠的分析程序来预测这个极限状态。
以往的研究通常认为安全限制点后的瞬间恶化既是真正崩溃限制[例如，大井等人。
毕业设计（论文）外文原文及译文一、外文原文MCUA microcontroller (or MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip. It is a type of microcontroller emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC).With the development of technology and control systems in a wide range of applications, as well as equipment to small and intelligent development, as one of the single-chip high-tech for its small size, powerful, low cost, and other advantages of the use of flexible, show a strong vitality. It is generally better compared to the integrated circuit of anti-interference ability, the environmental temperature and humidity have better adaptability, can be stable under the conditions in the industrial. And single-chip widely used in a variety of instruments and meters, so that intelligent instrumentation and improves their measurement speed and measurement accuracy, to strengthen control functions. In short，with the advent of the information age, traditional single- chip inherent structural weaknesses, so that it show a lot of drawbacks. The speed, scale, performance indicators, such as users increasingly difficult to meet the needs of the development of single-chip chipset, upgrades are faced with new challenges.The Description of AT89S52The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel's high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with In-System Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes ofFlash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.Features• Compatible with MCS-51® Products• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory– Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz• Three-level Program Memory Lock• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM• 32 Programmable I/O Lines• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters• Eight Interrupt Sources• Full Duplex UART Serial Channel• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes• Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode• Watchdog Timer• Dual Data Pointer• Power-off FlagPin DescriptionVCCSupply voltage.GNDGround.Port 0Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs.Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pullups.Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program verification.Port 1Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively.Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register.Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.Port 3Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups.Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52, as shown in the following table.Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives High for 96 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.ALE/PROGAddress Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming.In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory.If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSENProgram Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSENis activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPPExternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming.XTAL1Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.XTAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.Special Function RegistersNote that not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses may not be implemented on the chip. Read accesses to these addresses will in general return random data, and write accesses will have an indeterminate effect.User software should not write 1s to these unlisted locations, since they may be used in future products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive values of the new bits will always be 0.Timer 2 Registers:Control and status bits are contained in registers T2CON and T2MOD for Timer 2. The register pair (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) are the Capture/Reload registers for Timer 2 in 16-bit capture mode or 16-bit auto-reload mode.Interrupt Registers:The individual interrupt enable bits are in the IE register. Two priorities can be set for each of the six interrupt sources in the IP register.Dual Data Pointer Registers: To facilitate accessing both internal and external data memory, two banks of 16-bit Data Pointer Registers areprovided: DP0 at SFR address locations 82H-83H and DP1 at 84H-85H. Bit DPS = 0 in SFR AUXR1 selects DP0 and DPS = 1 selects DP1. The user should always initialize the DPS bit to the appropriate value before accessing the respective Data Pointer Register.Power Off Flag:The Power Off Flag (POF) is located at bit 4 (PCON.4) in the PCON SFR. POF is set to “1” during power up. It can be set and rest under software control and is not affected by reset.Memory OrganizationMCS-51 devices have a separate address space for Program and Data Memory. Up to 64K bytes each of external Program and Data Memory can be addressed.Program MemoryIf the EA pin is connected to GND, all program fetches are directed to external memory. On the AT89S52, if EA is connected to VCC, program fetches to addresses 0000H through 1FFFH are directed to internal memory and fetches to addresses 2000H through FFFFH are to external memory.Data MemoryThe AT89S52 implements 256 bytes of on-chip RAM. The upper 128 bytes occupy a parallel address space to the Special Function Registers. This means that the upper 128 bytes have the same addresses as the SFR space but are physically separate from SFR space.When an instruction accesses an internal location above address 7FH, the address mode used in the instruction specifies whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes of RAM or the SFR space. Instructions which use direct addressing access of the SFR space. For example, the following direct addressing instruction accesses the SFR at location 0A0H (which is P2).MOV 0A0H, #dataInstructions that use indirect addressing access the upper 128 bytes of RAM. For example, the following indirect addressing instruction, where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the data byte at address 0A0H, rather than P2 (whose address is 0A0H).MOV @R0, #dataNote that stack operations are examples of indirect addressing, so the upper 128 bytes of data RAM are available as stack space.Timer 0 and 1Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the AT89S52 operate the same way as Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the AT89C51 and AT89C52.Timer 2Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter that can operate as either a timer or an event counter. The type of operation is selected by bit C/T2 in the SFR T2CON (shown in Table 2). Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto-reload (up or down counting), and baud rate generator. The modes are selected by bits in T2CON.Timer 2 consists of two 8-bit registers, TH2 and TL2. In the Timer function, the TL2 register is incremented every machine cycle. Since a machine cycle consists of 12 oscillator periods, the count rate is 1/12 of the oscillator frequency.In the Counter function, the register is incremented in response to a1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external input pin, T2. In this function, the external input is sampled during S5P2 of every machine cycle. When the samples show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. The new count value appears in the register during S3P1 of the cycle following the one in which the transition was detected. Since two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) are required to recognize a 1-to-0 transition, the maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency. To ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, the level should be held for at least one full machine cycle.InterruptsThe AT89S52 has a total of six interrupt vectors: two external interrupts (INT0 and INT1), three timer interrupts (Timers 0, 1, and 2), and the serial port interrupt. These interrupts are all shown in Figure 10.Each of these interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabledby setting or clearing a bit in Special Function Register IE. IE also contains a global disable bit, EA, which disables all interrupts at once.Note that Table 5 shows that bit position IE.6 is unimplemented. In the AT89S52, bit position IE.5 is also unimplemented. User software should not write 1s to these bit positions, since they may be used in future AT89 products. Timer 2 interrupt is generated by the logical OR of bits TF2 and EXF2 in register T2CON. Neither of these flags is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. In fact, the service routine may have to determine whether it was TF2 or EXF2 that generated the interrupt, and that bit will have to be cleared in software.The Timer 0 and Timer 1 flags, TF0 and TF1, are set at S5P2 of the cycle in which the timers overflow. The values are then polled by the circuitry in the next cycle. However, the Timer 2 flag, TF2, is set at S2P2 and is polled in the same cycle in which the timer overflows.二、译文单片机单片机即微型计算机，是把中央处理器、存储器、定时/计数器、输入输出接口都集成在一块集成电路芯片上的微型计算机。
（Sheaｒ waｌl ｓt ｒuctural desigｎ ofh ｉgh-ｌev ｅl fr ａmeworkＷｕ Jiche ｎgＡbstract ： In t ｈis pape ｒ the basic c ｏｎcepts of ｍａn ｐow ｅr ｆｒom th ｅ ｆra ｍｅ sh ｅａr w ａｌl str ｕc ｔｕｒｅ, analy ｓis of the ｓtruct ｕr ａｌ des ｉgn ｏf th ｅ c ｏnt ｅnt ｏｆ t ｈe fr ａme she ａr wall, in ｃｌudi ｎg the ｓeism ｉc wa ｌl she ａr spa本科毕业设计外文文献翻译学校代码： 10128学 号：题 目：Shear wall structural design of high-level framework 学生姓名： 学 院：土木工程学院 系 别：建筑工程系 专 业：土木工程专业（建筑工程方向） 班 级：土木08-（5）班 指导教师： (副教授)ｎratiｏdesign, ａnd a concrｅtｅｓtruｃtuｒe in thｅmｏst co ｍmonｌy useｄframe shear walｌstｒｕcturｅtｈｅdesign of p ｏiｎｔs to note.Keyworｄs: cｏncrｅｔｅ; fｒaｍｅshｅａｒwall sｔｒucｔｕre；hiｇh－risｅbuildｉｎｇsThe wall is aｍoｄern high－rｉｓe buiｌdiｎgs is an iｍpo ｒｔant buiｌdinｇconｔｅnt, the ｓize of thｅfraｍe sheａr wall must comｐly with buildｉng reguｌａtｉons. The pｒｉnｃipｌe is ｔhat the largeｒsｉzｅbｕt the thｉｃknessｍuｓt ｂｅsmaller gｅoｍetric featｕrｅｓshoｕlｄｂe ｐｒeｓented ｔo the pｌatｅ,ｔｈe forｃe is close to cylｉndrｉcal.Ｔhe waｌl sｈｅar wa ｌl strｕｃｔure ｉs a flaｔcomｐonent. Itｓeｘposure to tｈe force aｌoｎg ｔhe ｐlane leｖｅl of theｒole ofｓｈear and momｅｎt, must also take ｉｎtｏａccounｔthe veｒｔical preｓsure.Opeｒate unｄer thｅcomｂiｎed actｉｏn oｆbenｄing momeｎts and axial force aｎｄsheａr forcｅbｙthe caｎtilｅｖｅr deep beａm uｎder ｔｈe acｔion of the force leveｌｔo lｏo ｋinto ｔｈe bottom mouｎted on ｔhe basｉs of. Sheaｒｗaｌl ｉｓdiｖidｅｄinｔo a whole walｌand ｔheａssoｃiated ｓｈeａr wall in thｅactual project,a wholｅwａlｌfor ｅxａmpl ｅ, suｃh as ｇenｅraｌhｏusiｎｇｃonstｒuction in tｈe gablｅｏr fish bｏne strｕcture ｆｉlｍwａｌls ａnd small opｅningｓwall.Cｏupled Sｈeａr ｗalls are ｃonnｅcted bｙｔhｅcｏupｌing ｂeam shｅａr wall.Buｔｂecause tｈeｇｅnerａlｃｏupling beaｍstｉｆfness is less thaｎｔhe wall stiｆfnｅsｓof the lｉmbs，ｓｏ. Wａlｌliｍb aｌonｅis obviｏus.The ｃｅntral beam of tｈeｉnflｅｃtion pｏｉnｔtｏpay aｔtenｔiｏｎto tｈeｗaｌl pressｕre thａn the limiｔs of the lｉmb axis. Will forｍa shortｗiｄe beａms，widｅcolｕmn wａll liｍｂｓhear wａll ｏpｅnings toｏlarge ｃomｐonｅnt aｔbothｅn ｄs ｗith jｕst the domain of vａｒiabｌe crosｓ－ｓecｔｉon ro ｄin ｔhe intｅrｎａｌforcｅｓｕnder tｈｅaｃtioｎof maｎy Ｗalｌlｉmb iｎflｅcｔion point Ｔhｅｒeｆoｒe, ｔhe cａｌcula ｔions ａｎd consｔruction sｈouldAccordinｇtｏappｒoxiｍａｔe tｈe framｅstｒucｔure to ｃonsideｒ.Tｈe desｉｇｎof ｓhｅａr walls ｓhoulｄbe based on the cｈａractｅrisｔics ｏf ａvａｒｉｅty oｆwall itseｌｆ,ａnd dｉfferｅnｔmeｃhanical ch ａrａcteｒisｔｉcｓand requireｍents,wall oｆthｅinternａｌforceｄistrｉbutｉon and failurｅmoｄｅs ｏf sｐecific and cｏmprehensive ｃonｓideration of the design rｅinｆorcemｅnt aｎd stｒuctural measｕres. Ｆrame sｈear wall ｓｔrｕctuｒe deｓiｇn is to cｏｎsider the ｓtructｕre of the oｖerall ａnａｌysis for ｂoｔh dｉrecｔｉｏｎsｏｆthｅhｏrｉzontal and vｅrtiｃalｅfｆects. Oｂtain thｅinternal force ｉs reｑuirｅd in ａccｏrdancｅｗｉｔｈtｈe bias or paｒtｉal ｐull normal sｅcｔｉon forｃｅｃaｌculatiｏn.The waｌl strｕcture oｆtheｆｒame sｈear ｗall ｓｔructural dｅsign of ｔhe coｎtent frame hｉgh-rise buildings, in ｔhe actual ｐrｏjeｃｔiｎｔhｅuse of thｅｍoｓt seisｍic ｗａlls have suffiｃient quantitｉeｓto meｅt ｔheｌｉmitsｏf the lａyer displacement, the loｃation iｓｒelａtiｖely flexiblｅ. Seiｓmic wａll for cｏntinuous layout，ｆulｌ-length ｔhroｕgh．Should bｅdesigned to avoid the waｌl mutaｔioｎs ｉn limb ｌｅｎgth and alignment is noｔuｐａnd down the ｈolｅ. The samｅtｉme．Tｈe inｓide of ｔhe hole marginｓcｏlｕｍｎshｏｕld not ｂｅｌｅssｔhan３00mm ｉｎordｅｒtｏguaraｎteｅtheｌengtｈof the colｕｍn ａs the edgｅof tｈe coｍponent and constｒａiｎt eｄgｅcｏｍponeｎts．Thｅbi-direc ｔiｏnal laｔerａl forｃe ｒesiｓting strucｔurａl fｏrm of verticａl aｎｄhorｉzontaｌwalｌcoｎnected.Eａｃh ｏｔhｅr as ｔhe ａffiｎiｔｙof the shｅar wall. Ｆor ｏnｅ, two seismic frａme sｈe ａr ｗalｌｓ,ｅｖen beam highｒatio ｓhould noｔgreateｒthan 5 aｎd a height of nｏt less thaｎ400mm.Midline colｕmnａnd beａmｓ,wall ｍｉdline shouｌdｎoｔbe greaｔer tha ｎthe ｃoｌｕmｎwidｔｈof1/4，ｉn ordｅr ｔｏreｄuce thｅtoｒsional eｆfect of the sｅiｓmｉｃacｔion ｏnｔｈｅｃolｕmn．Oｔhｅrwｉsｅcan be taken tｏstrengthｅn theｓtirruprａｔｉo iｎｔhe cｏlｕmn tｏmake ｕp.If thｅshear wａｌl sheａｒsｐａn ｔhａnｔhe ｂig twｏ. Ｅveｎthe beａｍcro ｓs-heｉｇht ratiｏgreateｒthan 2.5, ｔhen tｈe design presｓｕｒe ｏf thｅｃｕt shoulｄnoｔmａkｅａｂig 0.2. Howevｅｒ, ｉf the sheａｒwallｓheａr sｐａｎｒatiｏof ｌess than two couｐlinｇｂeａms sｐan of ｌeｓs than ２．5, then the shear coｍｐres ｓiｏn rａｔiｏis noｔgreaｔer thａn 0.15. Thｅｏther haｎｄ，ｔhe bｏttom oｆthe fraｍe ｓhｅar walｌstructure ｔo enhａnce tｈｅdｅsign sｈould ｎoｔbe leｓs thaｎ２０0mmａnd noｔlesｓthaｎstorey 1/１6，othｅｒｐaｒtｓｓhｏulｄnot be lｅss than 160mm ａnd ｎｏt ｌｅss thaｎｓtoｒey １/20. Arounｄthe wall of the frame ｓhｅar ｗall strucｔure sｈｏulｄbe set ｔo the beａm or dark bｅamａnd the sｉｄe columｎｔｏform a borｄｅr. Ｈoｒizｏntａl ｄｉｓtrｉbuｔioｎoｆsｈear waｌls cａn from the sheａr effect，tｈｉs design wｈen ｂuilｄｉng higｈｅr longeｒor fｒaｍｅｓtructｕre reinfoｒcｅment shｏuld be aｐprｏpｒiatelｙincｒeａｓed, ｅspｅcｉａlｌy in the sｅnｓitivｅｐarts of the beam pｏsition ｏr teｍperaｔuｒe, stiffnｅsｓchａnge is besｔappｒopriatｅly increased, ｔｈeｎcｏnsidｅration sｈoulｄbe ｇｉveｎｔo the wａlｌvertｉcaｌreiｎforｃemeｎt,becaｕse ｉt is mａinly fｒom the bｅnding efｆecｔ, aｎｄtake in ｓome ｍｕlti-ｓtorｅｙshｅａｒｗａll structuｒereinforcｅｄreｉnｆorceｍent rate -likｅlｅsｓconｓtｒained edgｅｏｆｔhｅcomｐonent or components reinforｃemeｎt of thｅedge ｃomｐｏnent.Referｅnces: [1 sad Hａyaｓhi,He Yaming. Ｏn the shorｔshｅar ｗall ｈigh-riｓe bｕilｄinｇｄesign ［J]．Kｅｙｕaｎ, 2008, (O2).高层框架剪力墙结构设计吴继成摘要: 本文从框架剪力墙结构设计的基本概念人手, 分析了框架剪力墙的构造设计内容, 包括抗震墙、剪跨比等的设计, 并出混凝土结构中最常用的框架剪力墙结构设计的注意要点。
河北工业大学城市学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系：人文与法律系专业：劳动与社会保障姓名：袁文桓学号： 088064外文出处： Social Security and Living(用外文写)Arrangements of the Elderly inBrazil (6～22)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文巴西老年人社会保障和生活安置第二章背景这一章为论文中进行的调查研究提供了背景情况。
这章讨论了在主流理论影响下发达国家和发展中国家的老年人生活安置的经验主义趋势，这将有利于解释老年人生活安置的发展趋势。
2.1老年人生活安置的趋势2.11发达国家的迹象在20世纪西方和北欧的老年人生活安置和美国一样发生了实质性的转化。
在二十世纪开端，大多数老年人同他们的子女生活在一起。
今天老年人更倾向独居或干脆同他们的配偶生活在一起。
(Costa 1997; Ruggles,1996; Schoeni 1998)。
Gierveld以及其他人（2000）依据1990年欧洲国家人口和住房调查显示出一个相对高比例的老年人独居数据和低比例的老年人至少同一个孩子生活的数据。
总的来说，调查研究到的四个国家基于他们之间不同的生活水平，集体居住的人数都下降的非常快——芬兰、英国、意大利和匈牙利。
更确切的说, 生活安置有一个稍微不同的趋势是由于年龄和婚姻状况所影响的。
一般而言，在这四个国家中结了婚的人仅同他们的配偶生活在一起。
这种类型的生活安置为老年人提供了隐私、情感、帮助性的支持。
研究表明,即使在最古老的时代,只要年长的人都结婚了,他们很有可能要独立生活不和孩子们住在一起打交道。
在远古时代，一般男人更有可能结婚，女人由于死亡率低于男性多处于丧偶状态。
多数单身老人是由于丧偶。
老年离婚和终身未婚的比例是很低的。
对于丧偶的老人而言，独立生活是再正常不过的生活安置，并且这种生活安置在芬兰、英国比在意大利、匈牙利更正常。
南京理工大学毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译教学点: 南京信息职业技术学院专业：电子信息工程姓名：陈洁学号:014910253034外文出处：《Pci System Architecture 》(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2。
外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文64位PCI扩展1.64位数据传送和64位寻址：独立的能力PCI规范给出了允许64位总线主设备与64位目标实现64位数据传送的机理。
在传送的开始，如果回应目标是一个64位或32位设备，64位总线设备会自动识别.如果它是64位设备,达到8个字节(一个4字）可以在每个数据段中传送。
假定是一串0等待状态数据段。
在33MHz总线速率上可以每秒264兆字节获取(8字节／传送＊33百万传送字／秒），在66MHz总线上可以528M字节／秒获取.如果回应目标是32位设备,总线主设备会自动识别并且在下部4位数据通道上（AD［31:：00］)引导，所以数据指向或来自目标。
规范也定义了64位存储器寻址功能。
此功能只用于寻址驻留在4GB地址边界以上的存储器目标。
32位和64位总线主设备都可以实现64位寻址。
此外，对64位寻址反映的存储器目标（驻留在4GB地址边界上）可以看作32位或64位目标来实现。
注意64位寻址和64位数据传送功能是两种特性,各自独立并且严格区分开来是非常重要的。
一个设备可以支持一种、另一种、都支持或都不支持。
2.64位扩展信号为了支持64位数据传送功能，PCI总线另有39个引脚。
●REQ64＃被64位总线主设备有效表明它想执行64位数据传送操作.REQ64＃与FRAME＃信号具有相同的时序和间隔。
REQ64#信号必须由系统主板上的上拉电阻来支持.当32位总线主设备进行传送时，REQ64#不能又漂移。
●ACK64#被目标有效以回应被主设备有效的REQ64＃(如果目标支持64位数据传送）,ACK64#与DEVSEL＃具有相同的时序和间隔（但是直到REQ64＃被主设备有效，ACK64#才可被有效）.像REQ64＃一样，ACK64#信号线也必须由系统主板上的上拉电阻来支持。
毕业设计外文资料翻译学院：信息科学与工程学院专业：软件工程姓名： XXXXX学号： XXXXXXXXX外文出处： Think In Java (用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文网络编程历史上的网络编程都倾向于困难、复杂，而且极易出错。
程序员必须掌握与网络有关的大量细节，有时甚至要对硬件有深刻的认识。
一般地，我们需要理解连网协议中不同的“层”（Layer）。
而且对于每个连网库，一般都包含了数量众多的函数，分别涉及信息块的连接、打包和拆包；这些块的来回运输；以及握手等等。
这是一项令人痛苦的工作。
但是，连网本身的概念并不是很难。
我们想获得位于其他地方某台机器上的信息，并把它们移到这儿；或者相反。
这与读写文件非常相似，只是文件存在于远程机器上，而且远程机器有权决定如何处理我们请求或者发送的数据。
Java最出色的一个地方就是它的“无痛苦连网”概念。
有关连网的基层细节已被尽可能地提取出去，并隐藏在JVM以及Java的本机安装系统里进行控制。
我们使用的编程模型是一个文件的模型；事实上，网络连接（一个“套接字”）已被封装到系统对象里，所以可象对其他数据流那样采用同样的方法调用。
除此以外，在我们处理另一个连网问题——同时控制多个网络连接——的时候，Java内建的多线程机制也是十分方便的。
本章将用一系列易懂的例子解释Java的连网支持。
15.1 机器的标识当然，为了分辨来自别处的一台机器，以及为了保证自己连接的是希望的那台机器，必须有一种机制能独一无二地标识出网络内的每台机器。
早期网络只解决了如何在本地网络环境中为机器提供唯一的名字。
但Java面向的是整个因特网，这要求用一种机制对来自世界各地的机器进行标识。
为达到这个目的，我们采用了IP（互联网地址）的概念。
IP以两种形式存在着：(1) 大家最熟悉的DNS（域名服务）形式。
我自己的域名是。
所以假定我在自己的域内有一台名为Opus的计算机，它的域名就可以是。
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译题目:On-the-job Training院系名称：管理学院专业班级：工商管理0702班学生姓名：刘月停学号： 20074900818指导教师：张可军教师职称：讲师附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文在职培训在职培训一般是在正常工作条件下对工作技能的培训。
通过在职培训，工人可以掌握一般技能，是可以从一个工作转移到另一个工作的技能。
关于在职训练，通常包括口头和书面指示，示范和观察，动手实践和模仿。
此外，对在职员工的培训过程涉及一个通常是主管或有经验的员工传递知识和技能到一个新手。
在职培训是最古老的培训形式之一。
此前，异地培训教室的出现，唯一的任务是一起学习某一行业或专业，是学徒的做法，在中世纪时，有经验的工匠和新手一起工作教授新员工实用的方法和知识。
在职培训是一种职业培训，在美国它是一种对非管理雇员培训的主要形式。
许多研究表明，它是最有效的职业培训形式。
在职培训大部分是由私营部门提供，但最广泛的研究培训计划由联邦立法的赞助。
在职培训程序从公司监事正规培训到观察学习。
从这个意义上说，在职培训最正式的类型是课堂培训，他们主要在企业内部不同的部门进行。
在国际竞争更广泛的电脑生产过程中使用，更正式更复杂的在职培训的落实已成为在美国公司的关键问题。
在职培训的类型两个不同类型的关于在职培训的频繁杰出的专业文献：结构（计划）和非结构化（计划外）。
非结构是最常见的一种，泛指在职培训主要涉及一个新手与经验丰富的员工的工作，新手在导师的观察下模仿训练的过程。
新工人主要通过试验和学习的方法向经验丰富的工人或者监事学习。
非结构化培训的工作（如产品制造）的要求很低，并不像传授工作技能（如生产产品所需的特定技能）的新工人培训。
因此，非结构化的在职培训往往不能完全按需要的技能传授或持续，因为有经验的员工，有时无法清楚表达执行工作的正确方法，他们每次训练新工人时会使用不同的训练方法。
南京理工大学紫金学院毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译系：机械系专业：车辆工程专业姓名:宋磊春学号:070102234外文出处：EDU_E_CAT_VBA_FF_V5R9(用外文写)附件：1。
外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文.附件1：外文资料翻译译文CATIA V5 的自动化CATIA V5的自动化和脚本：在NT 和Unix上：脚本允许你用宏指令以非常简单的方式计划CATIA。
CATIA 使用在MS –VBScript中(V5.x中在NT和UNIX3。
0 )的共用部分来使得在两个平台上运行相同的宏。
在NT 平台上：自动化允许CATIA像Word/Excel或者Visual Basic程序那样与其他外用分享目标。
ATIA 能使用Word/Excel对象就像Word/Excel能使用CATIA 对象。
在Unix 平台上:CATIA将来的版本将允许从Java分享它的对象。
这将提供在Unix 和NT 之间的一个完美兼容。
CATIA V5 自动化：介绍（仅限NT）自动化允许在几个进程之间的联系:CATIA V5 在NT 上：接口COM：Visual Basic 脚本(对宏来说)，Visual Basic 为应用（适合前:Word/Excel )，Visual Basic。
COM（零部件目标模型)是“微软“标准于几个应用程序之间的共享对象。
Automation 是一种“微软“技术,它使用一种解释环境中的COM对象。
ActiveX 组成部分是“微软“标准于几个应用程序之间的共享对象,即使在解释环境里。
OLE（对象的链接与嵌入）意思是资料可以在一个其他应用OLE的资料里连结并且可以被编辑的方法(在适当的位置编辑）.在VBScript,VBA和Visual Basic之间的差别：Visual Basic(VB）是全部的版本。
它能产生独立的计划,它也能建立ActiveX 和服务器。
它可以被编辑。
VB中提供了一个补充文件名为“在线丛书“(VB的5。
河北工业大学城市学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系：管理专业：市场营销姓名：徐香惠学号： 074910外文出处：separately ascending home buyersConsultant practitioners quality analyseCountermeasures 【journal of higherV ocational jounals】.2008-02-20 in liaoning 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
指导教师评语：签名：年月日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文提升置业顾问的从业者素质的对策分析摘要: 阐述了随着分工的细化,许多房地产行业方面的管理咨询顾问公司相继诞生,这些公司为开发商提供专业的资讯管理、物业管理、销售推广等服务,并主要从薪酬水平、从业者基本特征、从业者的培训、职业发展、及激励机制方面对置业顾问作以分析,提出提升置业顾问的从业者素质的对策。
关键词: 房地产;置业顾问;激励机制;从业者一、人力资源与置业顾问的概念1、人力资源的含义人力资源是一种以人为载体的资源, 存在于人体中,并以体能、知识、技能、能力、个性行为特征倾向等表现的经济资源。
它具有双重性、能动性、持续性和时效性的特点。
人力资源开发具有很强的正外部性, 作为一种投资, 又具有高收益、低风险的特征。
2、置业顾问的职业界定置业顾问是从传统售楼员衍生和发展而来的。
与传统的售楼员相比, 置业顾问不再是单方面从房地产开发商角度出发的楼盘销售人员, 而更加注重“人文关怀”, 强调以“实现客户价值“为目标的服务理念。
其主要工作职责包括两方面: 一是负责为开发商进行楼盘的销售, 二是为消费者提供符合客户要求的楼盘和地产购置方面的专业知识, 并根据客户的要求( 包括的地理位置、园区自然环境和人文环境、面积、材质、采光、隔音等) 提供给客户选择的楼盘和自身从专业角度分析的置业意见。
因此, 置业顾问已不是单纯意义上的“售楼员”而是具有更深层次要求的新兴职业。
3、置业顾问的从业要求鉴于置业顾问工作的自身特点, 首先, 要求从业者除了要有丰富的房地产销售经验外, 还要具备房地产建筑方面的专业知识, 这样才能为客户提供咨询指导服务。
因此, 对置业顾问的从业要求比“售楼员”要高, 从业者要有相关的销售经验和一定的销售技巧。
其次, 要求从业者有房屋建筑方面的专业知识, 能够对建筑材料、建筑架构的优缺点进行解析。
最后, 要求从业者有独立思考的能力, 善于表达自己的见解, 这样才能在客户置业过程中为客户提供建设性的置业指导意见二、置业顾问的现状分析1、从业者的基本特征及要求学历特征: 从业者多为大专以上学历, 专业以经济管理、市场营销为主, 少数经验丰富者学历偏低, 但接受过相关的营销培训。
年龄特征: 从业者年龄结构较低, 多为20～32 岁,平均年龄26 岁, 性别结构大致均衡。
形象特征: 从业者一般形象健康、仪表大方、口齿伶俐语言表达能力强, 普通话较好, 个别从业者甚至有流利的英语表达能力, 能够自如的用外语与客户沟通。
2、从业者的工资水平置业顾问的薪酬机制与多数销售行业相似, 由三部分构成, 即基本工资+ 绩效奖金+ 福利补助, 绩效奖金即俗称的提成。
基本工资一般为500～600 元, 各项福利补助( 包括午餐补贴、交通补贴、通讯补助等) 累计约200 元。
由于置业顾问市场人才流动性较大, 因此, 多数公司不给员工办理保险。
从业者工作之初一般工资可达到1200～1500 元, 随着业绩的不断攀升工资可达2000～2500 元,业绩突出者可达5000～8000 元。
此外, 置业顾问的工资水平还受季节和楼盘的影响, 在销售旺季工资水平较高,销售淡季工资水平较低, 差距可达1000 元。
如果楼盘热销, 置业顾问的工资水平也会随之提高。
3、从业者的激励机制分析目前, 房地产行业的人才流动性很大, 特别是置业顾问的流动性更大。
由于激励机制不完善, 置业顾问的个人努力与实际收入脱节, 个人价值目标无法实现, 导致置业顾问经常跳槽, 这既不利于企业的发展, 也不利于置业顾问个人的职业生涯发展。
置业顾问流动的主要原因是薪酬体系不合理, 基本工资偏低, 绩效工资弹性过大。
三、社会发展对置业顾问素质的要求任何事物的发展规律都是适者生存, 在当今这个瞬息万变的社会更是如此。
社会经济环境和行业整体环境的变化对从业者又提出了新的要求。
首先, 信息技术的发展, 改变了人们传统的学习和工作方式, 也加快了人们的生活节奏。
置业顾问的从业者必须清楚的认识到这一点, 知识的更新, 社会观念的改变,要求从业者具有持续学习的能力, 不断的充实完善自己的知识体系, 这样才能和客户进行更好的沟通。
其次, 市场竞争的加剧, 使得从业者面临更大的工作压力, 加之职业本身的弹性薪酬机制的特点, 要求从业者除了具有更优秀的个人能力外, 还要具备良好的心态和较高的抗压和自我调节能力, 能在职业生涯陷入低谷时调整好心态, 重新投入竞争之中。
再次, 社会环保意识的提高, 使得消费者越来越重视自身所处的生存环境。
从业者在给消费者做置业咨询时应注意强调环保的重要性, 掌握一定的环保知识有助于从业者更好的分析不同楼盘的优缺点, 给客户提供更好的咨询、指导和服务。
此外, 在提倡个性化的当今社会, 为消费者提供个性化的服务, 也是从业者在竞争中脱颖而出的关键。
这就要求从业者除了具备营销和房产建筑知识外,还要注重分析消费者心理, 为消费者提供独树一帜的置业建意。
最后, 置业顾问应当承担起开发商与消费者之间的沟通桥梁, 把消费者的要求反馈给开发商, 同时把开发商的理念传送给消费者, 使两者双赢。
目前, 许多房地产开发商开始从事商业地产的开发,置业顾问的目标顾客也将有所拓宽, 要求置业顾问具有一定的商业运作常识, 才能在商业地产的购置和推广上给客户提供专业的市场分析和预测。
四、提升置业顾问从业者素质的对策1、优化企业内部的激励机制分析在市场经济条件下, 人才的流动是客观法则。
影响人才流动的因素很多, 相关统计数据表明, 物质待遇的比值为14.4%; 晋升机会公平的比值是21.2%; 领导重视的比值是20.5%; 人际关系和谐的比值为18.6%; 工作对身体健康的影响德比值是11.7%; 专业对口的比值是8.4%。
由此可见, 激励机制是影响人才流动的主要因素。
激励机制的弹性要在一个合理的范围内,超过或低于这个范围, 激励效果可能不明显, 甚至起到适得其反的效果。
为了避免过度人才流动给企业带来的损失, 应该建立一种横向和纵向相互交叉的网络状阶梯式的薪酬激励机制。
除此之外,还要在精神层面上建立一种家的归属感, 适时的给优秀员工进行职位提升, 建立起员工对企业的信任感, 使员工感受到在本企业工作更有利于自身职业目标的实现。
所谓横向激励, 就是根据行业的平均水平和员工以往的工作业绩来确定基本工资, 基础工资的水平随行业的兴衰变化而变化, 随员工的累计业绩变化而变化。
这样就使得跳槽到新公司的员工面临从头做起的局面, 使得想要跳槽的员工放弃离职的打算, 继续为企业服务。
所谓纵向激励, 就是绩效奖金的比例随着行业整体水平的变化而反响变化, 行业旺季, 绩效奖金比例较小, 行业淡季绩效奖金比例较大。
因为行业处于旺季时, 员工的努力程度对业绩的影响较小, 绩效奖金的比例基本不会影响公司总的销售业绩。
反而在淡季时, 较高的绩效奖金比例能够对员工的工作积极性起到很大的刺激作用, 员工的业绩也能够真实的表现员工的努力程度和个人能力, 这样绩效奖金才能够真正达到激励的预期效果, 也有利于企业人才的挖掘和驻留。
此外, 良好的培训深造机会和职位升迁机会, 也能够建立员工的企业忠诚度, 调动员工的工作积极性。
在激励过程中, 要实施胡萝卜加大棒的原则, 对消极怠工, 滥于充数的员工要及时地举起大棒, 以免影响整个团队的竞争力。
而对于那些工作勤恳、业绩优良的员工更要适时的给予胡萝卜, 使其感受到企业对他们的关心, 体会到激励机制的公平性。
好的激励机制, 是企业可持续发展的关键,是企业吸引优秀员工的法宝。
2、加大企业培训的力度由于大多数从业者是经济管理方面的科班出身, 只有少数从业者接受过正规的建筑房产工程方面的教育, 而这一职业又要求从业者有相关的建筑常识, 因此对从业者进行岗前培训是十分必要的。
多数企业在对置业顾问的人力资源管理方面都包括岗前培训的程序。
岗前培训的方式主要有基础知识学习和实践学习两种。
基础知识学习的内容包括营销管理、消费者心理学、营销技巧、金融投资、建筑设计、园区规划、室内装饰、美学、环保等。
基础知识学习主要通过培训师在课堂上的讲授、及案例分析来强化从业者对这方面知识的领悟和认识, 并逐渐建立起完整的知识体系和严密的逻辑思维。
培训师可以是企业内的资深从业者, 也可以是外聘的相关学科的教师。
实践学习的方式主要是参观和实习, 其目的使从业者深刻体会置业顾问这一职业所要面对的问题, 通过自己前期的知识积累设法解决问题。
通过岗前培训, 可使从业者在最短的时间里迅速掌握相关知识, 很快融入工作角色之中。
3、加强企业文化建设企业文化作为企业竞争力的一部分, 是提高企业凝聚力的有力武器。
加强企业文化建设, 使企业逐步向学习型组织转变, 在企业内部建立一种学习的氛围有助于企业和员工自身的长远发展。
在企业内部建立定期的学习交流制度, 在交流中使从业者认清社会发展形势和客户需求变化及自身的不足, 以明确进一步学习的目标。
4、政府需要制定相关的政策首先, 从政府角度出台相关的政策, 对置业顾问的从业者提出从业要求。
例如, 明确规定从业者需要获得相关的职业资格证书、学历证书等; 。
其次, 进一步完善行业规范, 制定置业顾问从业者守则, 建立健全诚信机制, 对从业者实行制度约束, 明确从业者的服务“雷区”。
再者, 政府应加强对从业者的职业道德教育, 使置业顾问真正做到从客户角度出发, 为客户提供最合理、最实惠的专业性建议。
参考文献:[1]查尔斯·沃尔多.市场或政府[M].北京:中国发展出版社,1997.[2]易开刚.基于生命周期的企业文化演化及其启示[J].科技进步与对策,2006,(12).[3]张一驰.人力资源管理教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999.[4]迈尔斯.房地产营销[M].仝晓秋,等,译.北京:中国对外翻译出版社,2002.附件2：外文原文（复印件或学校图书馆电子文件打印版）Ascension home buyers consultant's practitioners quality analyse countermeasuresAbstract: this paper describes as the division of labor, many real estate industry refinement of management consultants company successively birth, these companies for developers to provide professional information management, property management, sales promotion, and service, and mainly from salary level, practitioners basic features, practitioners training, career development, and incentive mechanism with of real adviser analysis, proposed the quality of ascension home buyers consultant countermeasures. PractitionersKeywords: real estate; Real adviser; Incentive mechanism; practitioners A, human resources and the concept of real adviser1, human resources of meaningHuman resource is a kind of human resources, exist in the carrier of human body, and with fitness, skills, knowledge, ability, personality behavior characteristics trend of economic resources performance. It has the dualism, dynamic, sustainable and timeliness characteristic. Human resources development has a strong positive externality, as an investment, but also has high yield, low risk characteristics.2, real adviser career defineHome buyers consultant from traditional sales member of derivative and development. Compared with the traditional sales member, real adviser is no longer from real estate developers unilaterally Angle building sales personnel, and pay more attention to "humanistic care", emphasize "realize customer value" as the goal service concept. Its main job responsibilities include two aspects: one is responsible for developers are building dish sales, 2 it is to provide consumers meets customer requirement building and real estate purchase of professional knowledge, and according to the requirements of customers (including geographical position, park natural environment and cultural environments, area, material qualitative, lighting, sound insulation, etc.) to provide customers chooseChoose from the building and its own professional Angle analysis of opinion. Buyers Therefore, real adviser is not simple sense of "sales member" but a deeperFor emerging professional.3, home buyers consultant working requirementsIn view of the characteristics of working real adviser, first of all, request practitioners in addition to should have rich real estate sales experience, but also possess real estate construction outside expertise, such ability to provide consulting guidance services. Therefore, the requirements for real adviser employees than "sales member" to high, practitioners should have relevant sales experience and sales skills. Secondly, it requires practitioners who have housing construction of professional knowledge, can of building materials, building the merits and demerits of analytical framework. Finally, it requires practitioners who have independent thinking ability, is good at expressing their opinions, such ability in the process of customer for the customer homeownership provide constructive home buyers guidanceSecond, analyzing the status quo of the real adviser1, practitioners the basic characteristic and requirementsDegree features: practitioners more for college degree or above, major in economic management, marketing is given priority to, a few veterans degree is low, but received related marketing training. Age characteristics: practitioners age structure, low for 20 ~ 32, average age 26, gender structure roughly balanced. Image features: practitioners general image health, instrument and generous, the blarney stone language ability is strong, mandarin is better, individual practitioners are even fluent English expression ability, can freely use a foreign language to communicate with customers.2, practitioners salary levelReal adviser with the compensation mechanism by most sales industry similar, which is composed of three parts, namely basic wage + performance bonus + welfare assistance, performance bonus namely, commonly known as the commission. Basic wage generally for 500 ~ 600 yuan, the various welfare allowance (including lunch subsidies, traffic subsidy, communication allowance, etc) accumulative total about 200 yuan. Because real adviser, so bigger fluidity market talents, most companies do not give employees insurance policy. Practitioners at the beginning of the general wage work can reach 120 ~ 1500 yuan, with the performance of the rising wages can reach 2,000 to 2,500 yuan, it can reach 5000 ~ performance of 8,000 yuan. In addition, real adviser's wage levels but also by season and building dish influence in sales blitz wage level, higher, sales low level, off-season wage gap reach 1,000 yuan. If the building of sell like hot cakes, real adviser wages also is met subsequently improved.3, practitioners incentive mechanism analysisAt present, the real estate industry professionals mobility, especially real adviser liquidity is bigger. Due to imperfect incentive, home buyers consultant's personal efforts and real income disjointed, personal value the target unable to realization, causing homesAdvisers often job-hopping, this already go against the development of the enterprise, also go against real adviser personal career development. Real adviser is the main reason of the flow and compensation system is not reasonable, basic low wages, performance-based pay excessive elasticity.Third, social development of real adviser quality requirementsAnything law of development is the survival of the fittest, in today's rapidly changing social is even more so. The social economy environment and the industry overall environmental changes on the practitioners and puts forward new requirements. First, the development of information technology, changed people's traditional learning and work methods and also accelerate people life rhythm. Home buyers consultant's practitioners must clearly realize this, knowledge update, social changes in the concept of requires practitioners who have sustained, learning ability, constantly enrich perfect their knowledge system, so that we can better communicate with customers. Second, market competition intensifies, makes practitioners face greater pressure, plus professional itself characteristics of elastic compensation mechanism, demanding more excellent except for its practitioners of personal power outside, still have a good attitude and high compressive and self-regulation in his career, can adjust bottomed state, rejoin the competition among. Again, social environmental awareness enhancement, make consumers pay more and more attention to own locates living environment. Practitioners to consumer bricks-and-mortar consulting should be paid attention to when doing emphasized the importance of environmental protection, grasps certain environmental protection knowledge helps practitioners better analyses the advantages and disadvantages of differentbuildings, to provide customers better consultation, guidance and service. In addition, in advocate personalized in today's society, provide personalized service for consumers in the competition, but also emerge practitioner key. This requires practitioners besides having marketing and housing construction knowledge outside, notice the analysis for consumers, consumer psychology can provide unique home buyers build meaning. Finally, real adviser should undertake the communication between developer and consumer demand of consumers, the bridge for developers, but at the same time, the feedback of the developers send consumers concept both a win-win situation. At present, many real estate developers begin to engage in commercial real estate development, real adviser target customers will also have expanded and requirement home buyers consultant has certain business operation, common sense, can in commercial real estate purchase and promotion to customers with professional market analysis and forecast.Four, ascend home buyers consultant practitioners quality countermeasures1, optimizing enterprise internal incentive mechanism analysisUnder the market economy condition, the flow of the talents is the objective laws. Many factors influence the flow of talent, related statistical data show that the ratio of the material treatment for 14.4 percent; Promotion opportunity fair ratio is 21.2%; Leadership is the ratio of the 20.5% attention; The ratio of the interpersonal relation harmony for 18.6%; The influence of work to the body's health; the ratio is 11.7% Professing ratio is 8.4 percent. Thus, incentive mechanism is the main factors affect the flow of talent. The incentive mechanism of elastic to in a rational scope, exceed or under this range, incentive effect may not be obvious, and even play backfire effect. In order to avoidExcessive mobility brings to the enterprise's losses, should establish a cross-sectional and longitudinal overlapping step-wise salary incentive mechanism finely. In addition, but also in the spirit level to establish a kind of home of belonging, timely give excellent employees' job to establish staff promotion, enterprise of credit, staff feel in this enterprise work more beneficial to its own career goals. The so-called horizontal incentive, is according to the industry average level and staff past performance to determine the basic wage based wage level, with industry changes, the rise of the cumulative performance with staff changes. This make defecting to new employees face completely from scratch situation, make want change their plans to give, continue to leave for enterprise service. The so-called longitudinal incentive, is the proportion of performance bonuses as the industry overall level of change and echo change, industry busy season, performance-based bonus proportion is lesser, industry performance bonuses off-season larger proportion. Because the industry is in busy season, employees of performance effortLess affected the proportion of performance-based bonus basic will not affect the company overall sales performance. During the off-season, instead of high performance bonuses to employees proportion of enthusiasm has played a significant stimulation, the employee's performance can also true expression employee effort degree and individual ability, such performance bonuses only can achieve true motivation, but also beneficial to the expected effect of mining and resident enterprise talented people. In addition, good training opportunity and the chance to study the corporate ladder, also can set up staff enterprise loyalty, arouses staff's work enthusiasm. In the process, must implement incentive carrotand-stick principle, to slacking, overcharging inSucks staff would promptly lifted, lest affect the whole team big stick the competitiveness. And for those who work hard, good achievement employeesto timely give more carrot, make its feel enterprise to their care, and realize the incentive mechanism of fairness. Good incentive mechanism, is the key to the sustainable development of enterprise, is the enterprise attract excellent employee magic weapon.2, increase the strength of enterprise trainingSince most practitioners of is economical management background, only a few practitioners stream of any formal education building housing engineering, and this requires practitioners who have a career and related building common sense, so for practitioners to pre-job training is very necessary. Most firms to real adviser in the management of human resources include pre-job training program. The way the pre-job training mainly have basic knowledge and practice study two kinds. Basic knowledge content including marketing management, consumer psychology, marketing skills, financial investment, architecture design, park planning, interior decoration, aesthetics, environmental protection, etc. Basic knowledge Learning mainly through the trainers in classroom teaching, and case analysis to strengthen to this respect knowledge workers comprehension and understanding, and gradually establish a complete knowledge system and the strict logical thinking. Trainers can within the enterprise is a senior Practitioners, also can be the relevant subject concerning teachers. Practical way of learning is mainly visit and practice, its purpose makes practitioners deeply understand real adviser this profession to be faced with the problems, and by our own accumulation of knowledge manage To solve the problem. Through the pre-job training, can make the practitioners in the shortest time quickly to master relevant knowledge, quickly integrate into work role in.Three, to strengthen enterprise culture constructionEnterprise culture, as part of the enterprise competitiveness, is to enhance enterprise cohesive powerful weapon. Strengthen the building of enterprise culture, make enterprise gradually to the learning organization transformation, in the enterprise internal establish a learning atmosphere help enterprise and employee's long-term development. In the enterprise internal establish regular communication system, the study in exchange make practitioners recognizing social development situation and customer demand change and deficiencies, in order to make clear further learning goals.4, the government needs to establish relevant policyFirst of all, from a government perspective to publish relevant policies, the real adviser proposed requirements. Employed workers For example, a clearly defined practitioners need access to relevant professional qualification certificate, diploma, etc.; . Second, further perfect industry standards for home buyers consultant practitioners rules, establish and perfect the integrity mechanism, institution restraint, to practitioners implement the service "clearly practitioners minefield". Moreover, the government should strengthen the education of professional ethics of practitioners, make real adviser from customers truly Angle, provide customer the most reasonable and the most affordable professional adviceReferences:[1] Charles Waldo. The market or government [M].beijing: China development press,1997.[2] easy open just. Based on the lifecycle of the enterprise and the enlightenment of cultural evolution [J].journal of technologyThe progress and countermeasures, 2006, (12).[3] ZhangYiChi. Human resource management course [M]. Beijing: Peking University press,1999.[4] miers. Real estate marketing iium xiao [j], etc, translation of autumn. Beijing: China foreign translationPress, 2002.。
