stand：口语用词，常可与bear换用，但前者侧重指经受得起，后者强调容忍，是普通用语。
endure：书面用词，指长时间忍受痛苦和不幸，着重体力或意志力的坚强不屈服。tolerate：指以自我克制的态度，对待令人反感或厌恶的东西，含默认宽容意味。Lying is something that I will not tolerate.
suffer: 通常指非自愿或被迫忍受各种痛苦、困难或不快，强调受到苦难。abide：指忍受长期的痛苦或折磨，强调耐心和屈从。多用于否定句和疑问句中。
She couldn't abide his success.
withstand：指因具有一定实力、权力或能力而能忍受某种情况。
Put up with
Condone v容忍（不道德的行为），宽恕
Abode :He's of no fixed abode and we found him on the streets.
Absurd =ridiculous
With accelerating of the economic growth ,our standers of living is rising a lot. Get used to =be used to =acclimatize=accustom=adapt to
In order to acclimatize a new city,you might as well understand the culture and history before going there.
I have to accustom myself to getting up early.
On account of = due to
Any accredit users can get relevant video information through the network. How can i accumulate enough money to pay my loan?
You have to acknowledge that no pains,no gains.
Please acquaint your new responsibility as soon as possible.
Business acumen
Be addicted to sth./doing sth. I used to be addicted to reality show. People accused the ministry of failing to take adequate preventive measures. Without adequate practice,you cannot apply formula to the questions properly. Administer to=help to =be conducive to =contribute to =conduce to
Money,fame and wealth do not always conduce to happiness.
Adhere to
All members of the association adhere to a strict code of practice.
I adhere to do what i believe.
With the advent of internet ,our lifestyle has changed a lot.
Despite the electric device is convenient for children to have access to the resource of study, it is adverse for children in terms of hunting eyes.
It is advisable to review before you learn something new.
Advocate=support
My aesthetic standers is quite different from my roommates.
It is afflicting for investor that the stock market has been plummeted for two weeks.
American is one of affluent country in the world.
Exacerbate=aggravate
The emission of carbon dioxide aggravated air pollution.
An agile mind/body
Albeit = despite
Alleviate=abate=mitigate
Altruistic=benevolent
Be analogous to =be similar with
The task is analogous to the one that we finished before.4
Word list 3
Anchor Family is a harbour where we anchor our soul
Antiquated=obsolete
Appeal to =attract
Apply for= ask for
Apply oneself to =be dedicated to
Apply to = 涂
Appreciate=增值
Be appropriate to 适于
It is not easy to choose clothes which is appropriate to your figure.
Aptitude=talent
Aridity=drought
Ascribe to=attribute to
Word list 4
Pursue=aspire
Strong willing=aspiration
Attain=accomplish
Avail=utilize
Avail yourself of every opportunity
Badge=symbol=attribute=emblem=token=sign=mark
Baffle=confused=bewilder=puzzle
Barely=scarcely=hardly
Begrudge=envy 羡慕；嫉妒；对....感到不满
Bereave vt.剥夺derive v.获取，得自
Besides=in addition to =except for
Word list 6
Beijing ,the capital city of China, has a remarkable combination of “old and new”where historical sites blend with the contemporary design of modern building.
Bolster =support=improve=strengthen
Bolster up economy
He tried to bolster up their morale
Boost sb’s confidence
Be bound to happen=it will be happen
Bring around=persuade=make sb become conscious again.
Bring out=publish
Brood=meditate
Burgeon=growth rapidly
World list 7
Caliber n.口径人或事的品质才能
His works is of the highest caliber.
Be calculate to do sth=in tend to do
Camouflage=disguise=mask 伪装，掩饰
Her size is properly camouflaged by the long loose dress she wore in the evening party.
Cancel out 抵消
His good qualities and his faults cancel out.
Captive market=垄断市场
Carry all before =迅速获胜
Carry on =继续坚持下去
Carry ......through=finish=accomplish
Censor v/n.=检查，审查=check=inspect
Censure n/v=harsh criticism
Certify=guarantee=attest
World list 8
Characteristic n/adj=特点特色，典型的=customary=feature=trait=typical
The leader spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
It’s characteristic of her that she never complained.
Chase=pursue=chase after
Charter=rent=lease
Chart=v记录=record
Be responsible for= be in charge of
Chew sth. over =ponder=反复思考，深思熟虑
Weather i pursue my master degree is a significant problem.And after chewing it over,i decided to dedicated myself in pursuing it.
Circulation=血液循环，（货币）流通领域，发行量
Circumscribe=limit=strict=用于限制自由或者权利
Clarify=elucidate=enlighten=阐明，澄清
Climate 风气
World list 9
Collateral=并行的，附带的
Environmental pollution is always a collateral phenomenon of economic growth in developing countries.
Collision=冲突=conflict his ideas is in collision of mine.
It is the collision of disparate ideas that create philosophy.
Commence=begin
Commiserate=empathetic=sympathetic=compassionate
Commission=调查委员会(committee)，委托
Commit=promise
Commit oneself to =dedicated oneself to
Commit=expense
Compensate sb. for sth
Make a complaint =投诉
Complex=complicated=intricate
Inferiority complex =a sense of inferiority
Be compose of =be consist of=comprise=constitute
Comprehensive=全面的，综合的
compulsory=义务的，强制的（mandatory），
Compulsory education 义务教育
Conceive=think,imagine
World list 10
Concentration n.集中，浓缩，浓度
The concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breath , which jeopardizes the health of human being.
Concept=conception=观念=constructw
On condition that 以...为条件，只要
Condition=使适应，使习惯于
People are conditioned to believe what they read from newspaper.
Conform to = in comply with=be consistent with =in accordance
with=correspondent with
In connection with =related
He asks many questions in connection with life in British.
Consecutive months/years 连续几个月、连年
Consequently=so
There has been raining consecutive days. Consequently, the condition of drought relieves a lot.
Concur v.=consensus n.=意见相同
In consideration of 考虑到，由于
Many students go abroad to have further study in consideration of competitive job market.
Conserve=保护，储存，节约=reserve
Consolidate=strengthen
Console=安慰I can console myself with the fact that I'm not alone Constrain=compel=force=oblige
Contain (控制，抑制感情)=refrain=restrain
Constantly 经常的I go to WSE constantly.
Outflows from emerging market funds have accelerated over the past week, as fresh volatility in Chinese stocks, a rising US dollar and falling commodity prices further damp sentiment.
Investors pulled a net $4.5bn from EM funds in the week through July 30, according to data from EPFR, compared with $3.3bn a week earlier. A total of $14.5bn has now been redeemed from EM funds over the past three weeks alone.
Emerging Asian equities have borne the brunt of withdrawals, with the cumulative $12.1bn taken out over the past three weeks marking the swiftest exit from stocks in the region since the data set began in 2004, according to ANZ.
“It’s almost like a perfect storm at the moment in emerging markets,” said Adrian Mowat, head of EM equity strategy at JPMorgan.
Emerging market assets have been rocked by renewed price declines in commodities such as oil and copper, key exports for many developing nations including Brazil and Russia. Oil prices sank to a six-month low earlier this week, in part due to a stronger US dollar.
“The macro environment remains challenging for EM assets,” wrote credit analysts at Barclays. “Many commodities reached new multiyear lows this week, concerns about China are elevated and the looming Fed tightening cycle dampens prospects of EM bond fund flows turning more positive.”
Some EM currencies— notably the Malaysian ringgit and the Turkish lira —have also been hit by political uncertainty. Many currencies are now trading at or near 15-year lows against the dollar.
Fresh volatility in China’s domestic equity markets has dented confidence in the world’s second-largest economy. On Monday, the Shanghai Composite suffered its second-biggest one-day points decline in history, wiping more than $600bn off the value of listed companies.
Erratic trading in China has continued throughout the week despite Beijing’s efforts to stabilise the market by banning sales by major shareholders and encouraging companies to buy back stock.
Of the $2.7bn in weekly fund withdrawals from Asia, $1bn came from domestic Chinese investors pulling cash from onshore exchange traded funds, which Mr Mowat said had the effect of exaggerating the global nature of the redemptions.
Meanwhile China’s economic slowdown has continued to ripple across the world, crimping growth in many of its key trading partners and hitting corporate profits at big multinationals.
On Friday, Taiwan reported far weaker economic growth than had been
expected, on the back of a sharp drop in export activity.
Investors have also been positioning themselves ahead of the next policy meeting by the US Federal Reserve in September. Opinion is divided on whether the Fed will finally increase interest rates at that meeting, something many expect to spell further trouble for EM currencies as funds flock to the US dollar.
On Thursday, official figures showed the US economy grew 2.3 per cent in the second quarter, narrowly missing forecasts. However, first-quarter figures were revised upwards from a 0.2 per cent contraction to a 0.6 per cent expansion.
Analysts say the prospect of a rate rise by the Fed is likely to grow if data continue to show strength in the US economy, which in turn could prompt more selling of EM assets.
“A September hike is still in play and if backed up with decent payrolls the next (and possibly the final) leg of EM FX weakness will be upon us,” said Jason Daw, of Société Générale, in a note.
World list 11
Contaminant=pollutant
Contaminate=pollutant
Contemplate=ponder=meditate=consider=考虑，沉思
Discharging contaminated water continuously ,the factory has never contemplated the environmental protection and citizen life security
Contrive=①invent,②plan,③设法做到
I contrive to achieve my dream.
At sb’s convenience 在方便时，在适宜的地点
Convention 大会，协议，传统
Convey=transport=deliver=express 传送；表达
Conviction=定罪；坚定的信仰
Be convince of/that 确认，承认
Keep correspondence with=keep in touch =keep contact
Cloud our vision 蒙蔽了我们的时限corrode our judgement 侵蚀我们的判断力
Cosy 舒适的，安逸的we have been brought in a cosy environment.
Counsel=solicitor=lawyer
CC=course counsellor
Counterproductive adj.起反作用的。
Your effort will be counterproductive if the direction is wrong.
Courageous=brave
In the course of 在...期间，在...过程中
You’ve gotta be focus in the course of driving.
Contingency=意外事件，应急,偶然性
Contempt=despise=scorn
Contagious=infectious adj.(疾病)感染的
Contagious adj.有感染力的，Her enthusiasm was contagious.
Continually adv. continuous adj.
Contract (市场)紧缩；（血管）收缩
Contradict=retort=refute=反驳
Contradict 与..矛盾
What he said contradict t what he does.
Contrary adj.截然相反的
Contrary to what you might imagine,the size of the cycle is not determined by the size of wheels,but by the size of the frame.
In contrast with = in comparison with 对比
By contrast / contrast A with B
Be content with =be satisfied with
Word list12
Craft=工艺，手艺
Credit=荣耀，光荣
Critical 临界的；挑剔的；批评的；危急的
Be critical of 对...吹毛求疵
Crude=粗俗的；粗糙的；天然的
Cruel=brutal
Cue=暗示，提示
Culminate vi.=terminate
Cumulative adj.积累的；渐增的
Rome is not build one day ,it is a cumulative process.
Curb=constrain=refrain=damp
Curtail=abridge=shorten
Dearth=shortage=scarcity
Daunt=If something daunts you, it makes you feel slightly afraid or worried about dealing with it.
the difficulty didn’t daunt him
World list 13
Dean n.(大学的)学院院长，系主任，训导主任
Debut n.(演员或运动员)首次公开露面，首次登台
Deceive vt.
We were deceived into believing that he could help.(被动)
She deceived him into handing over all his savings.(主动)
Deceit=fraud
Conspiracy=n密谋，共谋=intrigue vt/n
On the decline 在衰退中
The number of enrollment in this area is on the decline.
Decorate sb for 因...授予某人奖章
Dedicate oneself to =commit oneself to =resolve oneself to =devote sth. to sth, Housewives devoted all her time and energy to her family.
Defect n.缺点vi defect to 叛变
Defect=drawback=flaw=shortcoming=demerit
Delinquency n失职，行为不良
Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
Deplete vt.耗尽，用尽，是枯竭
Surely it is an economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources.
Deploy=utilize=make use of
Deprive vt 剥夺，使丧失
The tremendous explosion in Tianjing deprived the more than one hundred life. Derive from 来自，起源于
His reputation derives mainly from his achievement.
World list 14
Desert vt.遗弃，抛弃He desert his wife and went abroad
放弃，离开a deserted street
Design vt/n. 计划，筹划
He has designed to go to Australia in the fall.
Despair of 绝望
Deter V.威慑，吓住，使断念
Deteriorate=exacerbate
Detrimental=adverse
Detrimental effect 不良影响be detrimental to 对....有害
The parents of firemen who are deprived of life had been devastated by the bed news. Be devastated by 被...破坏
Diffuse=disseminate=dispersal
Dimension 面积
Discharge v/n 释放；完成任务；排放
Discharge of raw sewage into the sea is unsanitary and unsafe。
Discrepancy n.不同，矛盾以
Contempt =despise=scorn=disdain
World list 15
Dismantle=demolish=拆除
Dispense=distribute
Dispersal n 散布，疏散disperse v
Dissolve v 溶解，解散
Disseminate v 传播，散布
Distinct =clear different
Be distinct from =be different from
Distinctive=出众的，有特色的
Distinguish v 区别，辨认，使杰出
Distinguish between distinguish ....from
Diversion=recreation=entertainment=pastime=amusement
World list 16
Aridity=drought
Dredge=excavate vt.挖
Dredge up 挖掘，旧事重提
Dubious=suspicious=doubtful=skeptical
Dynamic=energetic=vigorous
Dwindle=decrease=lessen=diminish
Edify=enlighten=illuminate
Eject=v 弹出，驱逐出
Elaborate= vt 精心制作，详述，详细制定
Elaboration=n 精心之作
Be eligible to 有资格做...
Elusive=difficult to understand
Be deeply embedded in 深深植根于
The patriotism is deeply embedded in every solider.
Embody vt 是具体化，体现；包括包含
World list 17
Eminent=distinguish=outstanding
Emulate vt.①模仿=imitate ②赶上=catch up with ③竞争=compete
Enact v通过法律，扮演角色
Under the new law,Internet must enact relevant policies to prevent young people’s admission.
Encapsulate=generalize =总结，概述，压缩
The movie encapsulated tens of romantic stories and recomposed them, with grasped many youth’s eyes.
Encompass vt=①include surround
Encroach=invade
Endeavour to do sth=try to do sth.=strive to
Endorse=support=agree
Take effect=生效
Enforce=go into effect 执行
Engrave=vt. 铭记，在...上雕刻
We should engrave the name of fireman who sacrificed in the explosion in Tianjin.
Enhance=improve
Endanger=v 危及=imperil
It will endanger your health if you smoke.
enquire v 打听，询问enquire into 调查
Enquiry n 询问，调查
Entail vt =involve
Entice=elicit=attractive v 引诱entice to do sth
With the festivals coming,supermarkets begin to push out all sorts of tricks to entice customers to consumption.
Enterprise n企业，事业，公司
Entrepreneur n 企业家
Envisage=conceive=imagine 展望，想象，面对
Envisage an bright future
It is envisaged that ...预计
Nobody can envisage the consequences of total nuclear war
Envisage difficulty =face difficulty
Envisage economic situation
World list 18
Erode=corrupt=v. 侵蚀，腐蚀；削弱，损害
the sharp increase in food price over the last few months has eroded the public’s confidence in the government policy.
Esteem n/vt. 尊重，尊敬
Have greet esteem for 对...大为敬佩
Be held in high esteem by sb. 深受某人敬佩
Ethical standers 道德标准
Please evacuate as soon as possible if a fire breaks out.
Evaluate=assess
Evaporate=vanish
Evolve v使逐渐形成，使进化evolution n
Exaggerate v 夸张
Dredge=excavate
In exchange for 交换
Exclusive=extravagant=luxury
Exhaust emission 尾气排放
Exhaustive adj.彻底的，详尽的
Exorbitant=unreasonable adj.过分的，不合理的
Exodus n 大批离去，成群外出
There are a mass exodus of workers from the villages to the towns in China. Expel=eject 驱逐expel v.开除
At the expense of 以..为代价
World list 19
Exploit n 业绩，功绩
There heroic exploit will go down in history.
Express adj.明确的，
It was her express wish that you should inherit this estate.
Extinguish=put off
Extol vt.赞颂，赞扬
Facilitate vt.使容易，使便利，有助于facilitate doing
The new strategies have facilitated and improved cooperation and communication between management and stuff.
Facility n.①设备，设施②灵巧熟练③天赋
He plays the piano with surprising facility.
She has great facility for language.
Faculty n才能
Be fascinated by 被.....迷住
World list 20
Feature n.特写，专题节目vt.以....为主演,以....为特色
The local newspaper will be running a special feature on education.
This art gallery features Chinese art.
Fleet adj.快速的，敏捷的v 疾驰，飞逝
Flourish=prosperous v.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺，幸福
For the sake of 为了
For the sake of future generations ,please save water.
Forgo =give up
Forfeit v.(因犯规等)丧失，失去n罚款，代价
Formidable=dreadful=可怕的，难以应付的
Formulate v构想出（计划，方法等），规划（制度等
Formality n.认真遵循规范礼节；正式手续
Feed on 以....为食feed into向....提供
Fickle 易变的，无常的
World list 21
Foster vi（直接加宾语）①培养，培育=nurture②促进③领养
Fragile=delicate=brittle=frail
Fraught v/adj ①fraught with充满的②担忧
Freight n货物v运送货物
Frock n .连衣裙
Furnish v提供，供应,装备=equip=install
the shop furnish everything that is needed for camping
Furnish sth with sth 用...布置
Gather v.①聚集，集合②收集=collect ③逐渐增加the train began gathering speed ④猜想，推断i gathered from the way she replied that she wasn’t very enthusiastic.
Generate ①引起，导致
The accident generated a lot of public interest in the nuclear power issue.
②产生generate heat
Generic adj 普通的；种类的
Fund vt 给..提供资金，拨款
Genuine a.真正的，真实=authentic
Germinate v使发芽，使生长
Gigantic=enormous
World list 22
The glacial period 冰期
Glacier n.冰川
Glamour=glamor n/v魅力，迷惑
Glitter vi/n闪闪发光，闪耀=gleam vi/n闪烁，流露
Glorious a.光荣的，辉煌的,壮丽的=spectacular壮丽的，雄伟的=grand宏伟的Glory n.光荣，荣誉，壮丽，辉煌
Gloss n①光泽，色泽②虚假的外表/v.掩饰，曲解，发光
Gorge v狼吞虎咽n.山峡，山谷
Gorgeous adj 极好的
Misery=agony n(身心的极大痛苦)=anguish n(精神肉体的极大痛苦）=distress n/v 悲伤，痛苦=torment n/v 折磨，痛苦=grief(grieve adj)悲伤
Grim ①adj严厉的，严肃的=strict=stern②可怕的，糟糕的
Grand to halt戛然而止grind n 苦差事
Grab=grip=grasp 抓牢
Grip vt 吸引注意力n控制力，理解力
Grudge①=begrudge吝惜，嫉妒②=reluctant 不愿做grudge doing sth③n 怨恨Handicap v 妨碍，使不利
中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结 (88条) ◆1 。 cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事： It takes sb some time to do sth 。= sb spend some time doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。 某人花钱买某物： sb spend some money on sth 。 = sb pay some money for sth 。 = sth cost sb 。 some money 。 ※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。 ※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ？ The sweater ________ me 90 yuan 。 = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater 。 He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone 。 It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。= He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day 。 ◆2 。 thanks for为…而感谢 ⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party 。 thanks to 多亏/于 第 1 页共 1 页 ⑵______ your help 。I got good grades 。
英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1．The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus _____ the discovery of a vaccine (疫苗)of the disease. A．stood for B．called for C．paid for D．contributed to 【答案】D 【解析】 短语辨析。A.代表 B. 呼吁 C. 为……付出代价 D.导致。句意：医生开玩笑的说，他自己被病毒的感染导致发现了这种病毒的疫苗。故选D。 2．100．----I have been watching “I am a singer” and Gloria Tang (邓紫棋) is my favorite star. ----- Me, too. Her new album is said to be ______ next month. By then, we , fans, will buy some. A．relieved B．delivered C．produced D．released 【答案】D 【解析】D考查动词。句意：--我一直在看“我是一个歌手”而且邓紫棋是我最喜欢的明星。--我也是。她的新专辑将于下月发行。到那时，我们的粉丝们会买一些。A减轻，解除；B 递送；C产生，制造；D发行，发布。故选D。 3．Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A．sponsor B．launch C．organize D．plan 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词辨析。难度中等。 【解题思路】该句意为：两位律师捐赠了5，0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动…… A项意为“赞助”，符合句意；B项意为“发射，开办”，C项意为“组织”，D项意为“计划”，都与句意不同。故A项正确。 4．It is beyond awkward when everyone around you ______________ laughing at a joke that you do not find funny, especially if it’s a joke told in a foreign language. A．run into B．bursts out C．yells out D．falls into 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词短语的词义辨析。A.run into快速进入，碰撞；B. bursts out 爆发；C. yells out 大声说出来；D. falls into落入，分成。句意：当你身边的人因一个你不觉得有趣的笑话尤其是用外语来说的笑话而突然爆笑时，你是非常尴尬的。故选B。 考点：考查动词短语的词义辨析
一、并列连词and所连接的分句在语义上的含义 1.表示在动作或事物的前后，一般译为“然后、随即”。 She came in and sat down. 她走了进来，随后就坐了下来。 I pulled the trigger and the gun went off. 我扣动扳机，枪随即响了。 2.表示递进关系，一般可译为“甚至、何况、还”等。 Friction is not always undesirable and can be very useful. 摩擦并不总是不好的，它甚至可能是有用的。 It was not easy to carry such a heavy load,and during the dog day. 提那样的重物已经是够困难的了，何况是在三伏天。 3.表示意义上的转折或让步，可译为“虽然、尽管、但、却”等。 He tried hard and (yet) he failed to get the job. 他努力尝试，却（仍然）没能得到那个工作。 You are not lazy,and still you are an idler. 你并不懒，但多少有点游手好闲。 4.表示对照、对比关系，可译为“而、却”。 She bought me cakes,and I helped her do her homework. 她买蛋糕给我吃，而我帮她做作业。 It can be difficult when you don’t think something is important and someone else does. 如果你并不认为某事重要而某人却认为重要，这时情况就可能不大好办。 5.表示对前面所述事项的结论或看法，and后可加分句或名词组，and一般不译出。 You gave him a piece of your mind,and a very good thing too. 你率直地批评他，这是件好事。 They disliked Joe——and that’s not surprising. 他们不喜欢乔，这并不让人惊讶。 6.表示因果关系，当前面的部分表示原因时，and=so that，译为“因此、从而、所以”；也有将表示原因的部分放在and后的，这时and=because，直接译为“因为”。 Sound is carried by air,and without air there can be no sound. 声音靠空气传播，因此没有空气也就没有声音。 Aluminum is used as the engineering material for planes and spaceships and it is both light and tough. 铝用作制造飞机和宇宙飞船的工程材料，因为铝质轻且韧性好。 7.引起一个插入句，用于中断语气，以便表示意见、看法。这时，and引起的句子中的主语多为第一人称，and引起的句子与句子其余部分用逗号隔开。
重点单词的用法 1.help v. / n. ---- adj.helpful 1)v. Help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 2)Thanks for your _________. Thanks for _________ me. Can you help me ______ my English? Here is a dictionary. It’s ________ for you to learn English. 2.want v. = would like 1)want to do sth. 2) Want sb. To do sth. 3) Want sth. 3.like v. / n. / prep.----- dislike 1)v. like sb. / sth. like to do sth. = like doing sth. 2)n. Likes and dislikes 3)prep. be like sound like, look like What’s the weather like? What do you look like? 4.enjoy v. enjoy doing sth. finish doing sth. have fun = have a good time doing sth. practice doing sth. spend time / money doing sth. 5.watch / hear / see / find / feel sb. doing sth. watch monkeys climbing around see a snake sleeping near the fire feel things moving 6.go camping / shopping / skating / swimming / boating / go to the movie = go to the cinema go to the countryside go the museum go to the supermarket go to the beach go to school go to work go to bed go to sleep go home 7.put on put up cut up cut down wake up pick up blow out 属于动词和副词构成的短语，要求宾语是_________词时，必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则位置可__________, 可__________. 1) Here are two apples. Please _______. A. cut it up B. cut them up C. cut up them 2) Every morning, my mother _____. A. wakes me up B. wakes up me C. woke me up 8.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. Teach sb. Sth. = teach sth. To sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. For sb. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 9.make 1) V. 制作，做make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. make dinner be made of 2）v. 使，让make sb. do sth. make sb. + adj. keep sb. / sth. +adj 3) make friends with sb. Make soup make the bed make a wish
Unit 4 Global warming全球变暖 一、词汇 about发生；造成 注意：（1）come about是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，常指情况不受人控制的突然发生。有时用it作形式主语，that从句作真正主语。 （2）表示“发生”的词或短语有：happen,occur,take place,break ① Many a quarrel comes about through a misunderstanding. ② The moon came out from behind the clouds. ③ I’ll let you know if anything comes up. ④ I’ll come over and see how you are coming along. ⑤ I came across an old friend yesterday. ⑥ When she came to, she couldn’t recognize the surroundings. ① I subscribe to your suggestion. ② Which magazine do you subscribe to? ③ He subscribed his name to the paper（文件）. ④ He subscribed a large sum to the poor students. n.量；数量
① It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity / in large quantities. ② A large quantity of silk is sold in Japan. ③ A large quantity of drugs are found in his home. ④ Large quantities of rain are needed in this area. ① He tends to get angry when others disagree with her. ② His views tend towards the extreme（极端）. ③ He was tending (to) his son when I saw him in the hospital. ④ Jane is nice but has a tendency to talk too much. =Jane is nice but she tends to talk too much. ① The price of the new house in our area has gone up by 1,000 yuan per square meter（平方米）。That is（也就是说）it has gone up to 5,000 yuan per square meter. ② The wind has gone down a little. ④ The country has gone through too many wars.
and的用法及含义 And是英语中一个普通的连词，然而and并非只作并列连词用，它还具有一些不太常见的表达方式和意义，应根据上下文的特殊环境，作出判断才能准确理解其用法和意思。 1．and作并列连词，译为“和、并且”等，当连接三个以上的并列成分时，它放在最后一个成分之前，其余用逗号分开，例如： He bought a book and a pen．他买了一本书和一支笔。 Solid，liquid and gas are the three states of matter．固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。 2．名词+and+名词，若这种结构表示一个概念时，and+名词相当于介词with+名词，译为“附带、兼”的意思，例如： Noodle and egg is a kind of delicious food．（and egg=with egg）鸡蛋面是一种美味食物。 Whose is this watch and chain？（and chain＝with chain）这块带表链的手表是谁的？ 3．名词复数+and+同一名词的复数，强调连续或众多的含义。例如： There are photos and photos．照片一张接着一张。 They saw film hours and hours last week．上星期他们一小时接一小时地看电影。 4．形容词+and+形容词，这种结构形似并列，实际并非并列结构。例如： This roon is nice and warm（＝nicely warm）． The coffee is nice and hot（=thoroughly hot）． 5．用and连接动词的用法：and+动词作目的状语。动词go（come，stop等）＋and+动词，此时，and+动词相当于in order to+动词，例如： ①I'll go and bring back your boots，（go and bring back=go in order to bringback）我去把你的靴子拿来。 ②and+动词，起现在分词的作用，表示方式或伴随情况。例如： He sat and waited．（and waited=waiting）他坐着等。 ③and+同一动词表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”，例如：
冠词 一．不定冠词 1.不定冠词a,an A用于以辅音因素或半元音因素/j/,/w/开头的单词。 An用于元音因素开头的单词 注意:元音因素开头的单词，首字母不一定就是元音字母例如，hour,honest等单词，看起来是以辅音字母开头，但是发音时辅音字母h没有发音，而是以元音开头，因此前面应加不定冠词an。而有些单词如university,uniform等单词，是以元音字母u开头，但是读音时u 发半元音/j/开头，所以前面应加a。 2.不定冠词的用法。 （1）用于可数名词的单数前，表示数量“一”，如： I have a new pen. (2)表示一类人或物，如： An elephant is big and strong. (3)第一次提到的人或物，如： Look, a dog is running to us. (4)表示“每一”的意思，如： I go shopping once a week.
3.不定冠词的固定搭配 have a look 看一下have a good time 玩得愉快 take a break 休息一下take a walk 散步 in a hurry 急匆匆地half an hour 半小时 a lot of 许多，大量 a great deal of 大量+不可数名词a number of 许多+可数名词 a few 一些+可数名词 a little 一些+不可数名词 二．定冠词 1.定冠词the的用法 （1）特指某些人或物，例如： The woman in red dress is my mother. (2)特指前面提到过的人或物，例如： I have a dog. The dog is cute. (3)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 What do you think of the novel? (4)指宇宙间独一无二的东西，如： The moon is bright at night. (5)用于单数名词前表示一类人或物，如： The horse is a useful animal. (6)用于序数词前，如：、
中考必考的重点词汇总结 在初中阶段，实验探究的类型主要有以下四类： 1.对基本技能和观察水平的考查；（仪器的使用和实验基本操作）；对氧气、二氧化碳以及与它们性质类似的未知气体制备、检验、收集、除杂、干燥、性质实验。 2.C、Fe、Cu、Fe2O3、CuO等物质综合应用的还原反应及金属活 动性的探究题。 3.CaO、Ca(OH)2、CaCO3、NaOH、Na2CO3性质相关的探究题。 4.对未知物或非初中常见物质的研究，主要采用提供信息的方式，考查快速提取有效信息，使用知识解答问题的水平，这种题型难度较大。 1考点一常用的仪器 初中化学实验常用仪器（仪器名称不能写错别字） 1.试管 (1)用途： a、在常温或加热时，用作少量试剂的反应容器。 b、溶解少量固体。 c、收集少量气体的容器 d、用于装置成小型气体的发生器。 (2)注意事项： a、加热时外壁必须干燥，不能骤热骤冷，一般要先均匀受热， 然后才能集中受热，
防止试管受热不均而破裂。 b、加热时，试管要先用铁夹夹持固定在铁架台上（短时间加热 也可用试管夹夹持）。 试管夹应夹在的中上部（或铁夹应夹在离试管口的1/3处）。 c、加热固体时，试管口要略向下倾斜，且未冷前试管不能直立，避免管口冷凝水倒流 使试管炸裂。 d、加热液体时，盛液量一般不超过试管容积的1/3（防止液体受热溢出），使试管与桌面 约成45°的角度（增大受热面积，防止暴沸），管口不能对着自己或别人（防止液体喷出伤人）。反应时试管内的液体不超过试管容 积的1/2。 2.烧杯 用途：①溶解固体物质、配制溶液，以及溶液的稀释、浓缩 ②也可用做较大量的物质间的反应 注意事项：受热时外壁要干燥，并放在石棉网上使其受热均匀 （防止受热不均使烧杯炸裂）， 加液量一般不超过容积的1/3（防止加热沸腾使液体外溢）。 3.烧瓶：有圆底烧瓶，平底烧瓶 用途①常用做较大量的液体间的反应 ②也可用做装置气体发生器 4.锥形瓶 用途：①加热液体，
冠词 1．不定冠词 1.不定冠词a,an A用于以辅音因素或半元音因素/j/,/w/开头的单词。 An用于元音因素开头的单词 注意:元音因素开头的单词，首字母不一定就是元音字母例如，hour,honest等单词，看起来是以辅音字母开头，但是发音时辅音字母h没有发音，而是以元音开头，因此前面应加不定冠词an。而有些单词如university,uniform等单词，是以元音字母u开头，但是读音时u发半元音/j/开头，所以前面应加a。 2.不定冠词的用法。 （1）用于可数名词的单数前，表示数量“一”，如： I have a new pen. (2) 表示一类人或物，如： An elephant is big and strong. (3) 第一次提到的人或物，如： Look, a dog is running to us. (4) 表示“每一”的意思，如： I go shopping once a week.
3.不定冠词的固定搭配 have a look 看一下have a good time 玩得愉快 take a break 休息一下take a walk 散步 in a hurry 急匆匆地half an hour 半小时 a lot of 许多，大量 a great deal of 大量+不可数名词 a number of 许多+可数名词 a few 一些+可数名词 a little 一些+不可数名词 2．定冠词 1.定冠词the的用法 （1）特指某些人或物，例如： The woman in red dress is my mother. (2) 特指前面提到过的人或物，例如： I have a dog. The dog is cute. (3) 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 What do you think of the novel? (4) 指宇宙间独一无二的东西，如： The moon is bright at night. (5) 用于单数名词前表示一类人或物，如： The horse is a useful animal.
2017中考英语必会的60组重点单词/短语/句型用法大 总结 1. cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth . 某人花钱买某物： sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth.= sth cost sb . some money .注意： ⑴cost 和pay 只指花费钱，take 只指花费时间，spend 可以指花费钱也可以指花费时间。 ⑵spend 和pay 主语都是人，cost 主语是物，take 一般用于It takes sb some time to do sth. 句型中。 2. thanks for 为…...而感谢 Thanks for inviting me to your birthday party . 谢谢你邀请我来你的生日聚会。 thanks to 多亏/由于 Thanks to your help. I got good grades . 幸亏你的帮助，我才取得好成绩。 3. 多么…... what + 名词；how + 形容词/ 副词 What bad weather ！多么糟糕的天气啊！ How hard he works ！他工作多么努力啊！
What fresh vegetables ！多么新鲜的蔬菜啊！ How cute a monkey it is ！它是一只多么可爱的猴子啊4 . 因为......；由于...... because（连词）+从句 because of（介词短语）+ 名词（短语） I didn’t go to school because I had a headache. 因为我头疼，所以我没去上学。 He was late for class because of the bad weather . 由于糟糕的天气，他上课迟到了。 注意：because和so不能同时连用。 5 . 来自 be from = come from Where are you from ？ = Where do you come from？你来自哪里？ 6 . How often 多久一次（对频率提问） How long 多久（对一段时间提问） How soon多久以后（对将来时间提问） How far 多长（询问多长距离） — How long have you been collecting the kites ？ 你收集风筝多长时间了？ —For ten years. 十年了。 — How often do you go shopping ？
【英语】英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1．It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly___my friend. A．turn out B．bring out C．call out D．pick out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：电影院里太黑了，我几乎不能认出我的朋友。pick out 意为“认出，选出”。根据所提供的情景“It was so dark in the cinema”可判断出由于电影院里很黑，很难认出朋友。turn out意为“发生，结果是”；bring out意为“使显示,出版,生产,说出”；call out意为“出动,唤起,大声叫唤”。故选D。 2．Jess was sad and her friend helped her ___ the first awful weeks after her husband Bill died. A．break through B．break down C．get through D．get rid of 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查词组：A. break through突破，B. break down崩溃，垮掉，抛锚，C. get through 接通，度过，完成，D. get rid of克服，句意：在丈夫Bill去世后，Jess很难过，她的朋友帮助她度过前几个难过的星期。选C。 考点：考查词组 3．Your own personal behavior as a teacher, outside school hours, _______ on the school itself. A．resembles B．reminds C．reflects D．remains 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名教师，你在课外的个人行为会给学校带来不良影响。 A. resembles 相似 B. reminds提醒 C. reflects反应 D. remains保持。reflect on导致，招致，根据句意可知，选C。 4．He had been struggling for many years and finally ________ his fantasies. A．lived up B．lived on C．lived through D．lived out 【答案】D 【解析】
Or和and的用法 一、连词or主要用法分述如下： 1、用在选择疑问句中连结被选择的对象，意为“或者，还是”。例如： Is he a doctor or a teacher? 他是医生还是教师？ Did you do your homework or watch TV last night?你昨晚做作业还是看电视了？Are they singing or reading English? 他们是在唱歌还是在读英语？ 下列两个疑问句中的并列成份由于使用了不同的连词，因而句式有所不同。试比较： A、Does he like milk and bread? 他喜欢牛奶或者面包吗？ B、Does he like milk or bread? 他喜欢牛奶还是面包？ 分析：A 句中使用了连词and,是一般疑问句，对其作肯定或否定回答应用：Yes,he does.No,he doesn`t.B句中使用了并列连词or,因而是选择疑问句，对其回答不用“yes”或“no”，而应根据实际情况直接选择回答：He likes milk.或：He likes bread. 2、用于否定句中连结并列成分，表示“和，与”之意。例如： There isn`t any air or water on the moon.月球上既没有空气也没有水。 The baby is too young. He can`t speak or walk.那婴儿太小，他不会说话，也不会走路。 He hasn`t got any brothers or sisters.他没有兄弟和姐妹。 肯定句中并列连词应用and，在把含有and的肯定句改为否定句时，莫忘把连词and改为or。例如： The students sang and danced in the park yesterday. →The students didn`t sing or dance in the park yesterday. 3、用于句型“祈使句+or+陈述句”中，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”。例如： Work hard,or you will fall behind.你要努力学习，否则会落后。 Get up early tomorrow,or you will miss the early train.你明天要早点起身，要不然就赶不上早班火车了。 Don`t jump the queue,or other peopoe will not be pleased.别插队，否则别人会不高兴的。 可以把这类句型中的祈使句换为一个条件句（注意改写时应去掉连词or）。例如：Hurry up,or you will be late for the meeting.→If you don`t hurry up,you will be late for the meeting. 4、用于“either…or…”结构中，意为“不是……就是……”，“要么……要么……”。连结的并列成份可在句中作主语、表语、谓语、宾语等。（注意：连结并列成份作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。）例如： Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。（连接主语） The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋对我来说不是太大就是太小 He either does his homework or watches TV on Sundays.他星期天要么做作业，要么看电视。（ We play either football or basketball in the afternoon.下午我们不是踢足球就是打篮球。 5、用于连结并列成份，表示不确切、模糊的陈述。例如： This story happened five or six years ago. 这个故事发生在四、五年前。
中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结(88条) ◆1 。cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事:It takes sb some time to do sth 。= sb spend some time (in) doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。 某人花钱买某物:sb spend some money on sth 。= sb pay some money for sth 。= sth cost sb 。some money 。 ※spend 和pay 主语都是人,cost 主语是物。 ※spent 还可以指“度过”→How did you spend your weekend ? The sweater ________ me 90 yuan 。= I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater 。 He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone 。 It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。= He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day 。 ◆2 。thanks for为…而感谢 ⑴______ inviting me to your birthday party 。 thanks to 多亏/由于 第 1 页共1 页 ⑵______ your help 。I got good grades 。 ◆3 。感叹句:多么…what + 名词
n.名词pron.代词adj.形容词adv.副词v.动词vi.不vt. 及物动词 prep.介词conj.连词interj.感叹词 A 1.able unable ability n. disable vt.使残废disabled adj.残废的 2.about be about to do sth.即将做...... 3.above---below over---under 4.accept~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳cf. receive 5.accident accidental adj.偶然的；偶发的by ~/chance偶然地 6.ache n./ vi. toothache backache headache 7.across---through across the world=all over the world 8.act v./n. action n. active adj. actively adv. activity n.活动 act as...扮演；充当be active in...=take an active part in...积极参加act...out表演出 9.actual adj. actually adv.事实上 10.add v. addition n. additional adj.附加的；额外的 add to sth.增强add A to B把A加到B上去add...up把......加起来 add up to sth.合计为；意思是in addition=what’s more=besides而且 11.admire vt. admiration n. admirer n. ~ sb. for sth因......钦佩某人in admiration钦佩地 12.admit vt.承认；录取admission n. admitted admitting admit doing sth. be admitted into a college被......录取 13.advance v. advanced adj.先进的；高级的in ~ = ahead of time提前 14.advice u.n. advise vt. give sb. advice on sth. advise sb. to do sth./ advise doing sth. cf. advise与persuade 15.affair n.事物family/foreign/love ~s 16.afford vt. can ~ (to do) sth. 17.afraid adj. I’m ~ so/not.恐怕是这样/不是这样。 18.Africa n. African n./adj. Asia---Asian America---American Europe---European Australia---Australian Austria---Austrian奥地利人（的）Canada---Canadian 19.again~ and ~=over and over=time and again反复地once ~=once more=~又一次 20.three years ago（一般过去时）three years before（过去完成时） 21.agree vt. agreement n.协议agreeable adj.可爱的 ~ to sth.同意某事~ on sth（经讨论）达成共识~ with sb.同意某人 come to/arrive at/reach an agreement达成协议 22.agriculture n. agricultural adj. industry---industrial 23.aim n./v. ~ at...瞄准；意思是 24.alive adj.(表语形容词) eat sth ~ bury sb. ~ catch sb. ~ Cf. living活着的live现场直播的lively活泼的 25.air n. in the ~在空中on the ~在播出by ~乘飞机 26.allow vt. allowance n.补助金；补贴 ~ sb. to do sth. ~ doing sth. ~ for...考虑到；酌量Smoking is not ~ed here. 27.almost adv.几乎(可接否定词) nearly adv.（不接否定词）I have seen almost no such book before. 28.alone adj./adv.独自的；单独的lonely adj.寂寞的；孤独的 29.along adv./ prep. all ~=all the time一直 30.although conj.虽然；尽管though conj. 虽然；尽管though adv.尽管如此（句末） 31.anger n. angry adj. hunger n. hungry adj. 32.announce vt. announcement n. make an announcement
高考英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1．The shopkeeper wanted to sell me the dress for 30 dollars, and I wanted to pay 20 dollars for it, so we ________ on 25 dollars. A．communicated B．compromised C．bargained D．concentrated 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：店主想以30美元的价格把那件衣服卖给我，而我想付20美元，所以我们折中了25美元。A. communicated交流；B. compromised妥协，折中；C. bargained讨价还价；D. concentrated集中。结合句意故选B。 2．If the service is awful, a customer has the right to to the manager. A．react B．apply C．complain D．suggest 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果服务很糟糕，顾客有权向经理申诉。React反应 apply应用 complain 申诉suggest建议，选C。 考点：考查词义辨析 3．You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, _______ the situation they are in. A．bringing about B．depending on C．getting into D．leading to 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词短语。句意：你可能会发现人们会用不同的方式表达相同的观点，这主要取决于他们所处的情景。A. bringing about带来；B. depending on取决；C. getting into 进入；D. leading to导致；根据情景和词义，故选B项。 考点：考查动词短语 4．To get promoted, I must _____ my colleagues, who are committed to their jobs. A．take after B．take to C．take in D．take on 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。短语take after长得像，性格类似于，效仿；take to喜欢上，沉溺于；take in吸收，理解，欺骗，收养；take on雇佣，呈现；句意：为了被提拔，我要消防我的同事们，他们工作非常努力。根据句意可知take after意为“效仿”，符合上下