下载文档原格式
英文文献参考文献格式参考文献是毕业论文的重要组成部分。
那么，下面是小编给大家整理的英文文献参考文献格式，希望对大家有帮助。
一、参考文献的类型参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母.如：MalcolmRichardCowley应为：Cowley，M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：FrankNorris与IrvingGordon应为：Norris，F.&I.Gordon.;②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：MasteringEnglishLiterature，EnglishWeekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码.【举例】[1]王xx.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，xxxx，21(1)：56-58. [2]夏xx.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，xxxx(1):46-52.[3]Heider，E.R.&D.C.Oliver.Thestructureofcolorspaceinnamingandmemo ryoftwolanguages[J].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch，xxxx，(3):62–67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.【举例】[4]xxxx.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，xxxx：42.[5]Gill，R.MasteringEnglishLiterature[M].London:Macmillan，1985:42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).【举例】[6]李xx.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报，xxxx-12-27(3).[7]French，W.BetweenSilences:AVoicefromChina[N].AtlanticWeekly，198715(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[8]伍xx.西方文论选[C].上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.[9]Spivak，G.“CantheSubalternSpeak?”[A].InC.Nelson&L.Grossberg(ed s.).VictoryinLimbo:Imigism[C].Urbana:UniversityofIllinoisPre ss，xxxx，pp.271-313.1.英文的参考文献格式要求2.英文参考文献期刊格式3.英文参考文献格式20174.参考文献格式5.2017英文参考文献标准格式6.英文毕业论文参考文献标准格式7.2017关于英文参考文献标准格式8.英文参考文献标准格式参考9.学术论文英文参考文献标注格式10.英文参考文献标准格式下载文档润稿写作咨询。
英文参考文献格式举例
英文参考文献格式通常会根据不同的学科和出版物而有所差异，但以下是一个常见的英文参考文献格式示例：
[序号] 作者姓氏，作者名字缩写，年份，文章标题，期刊名，卷号，期号，页码。
例如：
1. [1] Smith, , 2008, "The importance of water quality in aquaculture", Journal of Aquaculture, 92, 2, .
2. [2] Johnson, , and Lee, , 2010, "Nutritional requirements of farmed fish", Reviews in Aquaculture, 4, 1, 3-18.
3. [3] Zhang, W., 2012, "The impact of climate change on water resources", Water Resources Management, 26, 7, .
在上面的示例中，"作者姓氏"指的是作者的姓氏，"作者名字缩写"是作者的完整名字的缩写，"年份"是文章发表的年份，"文章标题"是文章的标题，"期
刊名"是期刊的名称，"卷号"是期刊的卷号，"期号"是期刊的期号，"页码"是文章的起始页码。
请注意，这只是一个示例，具体的格式可能会因学科、出版物或学术机构的要求而有所不同。
因此，在撰写英文参考文献时，最好查阅所投期刊或出版物的具体格式要求，以确保正确引用文献。
英⽂论⽂参考⽂献⽰例英⽂论⽂参考⽂献⽰例 ⽆论在学习或是⼯作中，⼤家肯定对论⽂都不陌⽣吧，通过论⽂写作可以提⾼我们综合运⽤所学知识的能⼒。
你写论⽂时总是⽆从下笔？以下是⼩编收集整理的英⽂论⽂参考⽂献⽰例，供⼤家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
英语论⽂参考⽂献格式范本 ⽤Times New Roman。
每⼀条⽬顶格,如某⼀条⽬超过⼀⾏，从第⼆⾏起“悬挂缩进”2字符。
参考⽂献中所有标点与符号均在英⽂状态下输⼊，标点符号后空⼀格。
参考⽂献条⽬排列顺序：英⽂⽂献、中⽂⽂献、⽹络⽂献。
分别按作者姓⽒字母顺序排列。
⽂献前不⽤序号。
1)英⽂参考⽂献 (1)专著与编著 排列顺序为：作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。
例如： Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993. 专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名，后者⽤斜体。
例如： Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971. A.两个⾄三个作者 第⼀作者的姓在前，名在后，中间⽤逗号隔开;其余作者名在前，姓在后，中间⽆逗号;每个作者之间⽤逗号隔开，最后⼀个作者的姓名前⽤“and”，后⽤句号。
例如： Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000. B. 三个以上作者 第⼀作者姓名(姓在前，名在后，中间加逗号)后接“et al.”，其他作者姓名省略。
例如： Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997. C. 同⼀作者同⼀年出版的不同⽂献，参照下例： Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a. Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b. (2)论⽂集 参照下例： Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323. (3)百科全书等参考⽂献 参照下例： Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001. (4)学术期刊论⽂ 参照下例： Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18. (5)⽹络⽂献 参照下例：/yingyulunwengeshi/2012/0322/1110279616.html ----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” . 2)中⽂参考⽂献 (1)专著 参照下例： ⽪亚杰.结构主义[M].北京：商务印书馆，1984. (2)期刊⽂章 参照下例： 杨忠，张韶杰.认知语⾳学中的类典型论[J].外语教学与研究，1999，(2)：1-3. (3)学位论⽂ 参照下例： 梁佳.⼤学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D].湖南⼤学，2002. (4)论⽂集 参照下例： 许⼩纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语⾔与⽂学研究[C].哈尔滨：⿊龙江⼈民出版社，1999：5-7. (5)附录本 翻译学论⽂参考⽂献范例 参考⽂献： 奥马利第⼆语⾔习得的学习策略上海：上海外语出版社，2001 陈保亚 20 世纪中国语⾔学⽅法论济南：⼭东教育出版社，1999 丁⾔仁英语语⾔学纲要上海：上海外语出版社，2001 费尔迪南德索绪尔普通语⾔学教程长沙：湖南教育出版社，2001 冯翠华英语修辞⼤全北京：商务印书馆，1996 桂诗春，宁春⾔主编语⾔学⽅法论北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998 桂诗春应⽤语⾔学长沙：湖南教育出版社，1998 何兆熊新编语⽤学概要上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000 何⾃然语⽤学与英语学习上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997 侯维瑞英语语体上海：上海外语教育出版社，1988 胡壮麟语⾔学教程(修订版)北京：北京⼤学出版社，2001 黄国⽂语篇与语⾔的功能北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002 黄国⽂语篇分析概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988 李延富主编英语语⾔学基本读本济南：⼭东⼤学出版社，1999 李运兴语篇翻译引论北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2000 刘润清西⽅语⾔学流派北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999 刘润清等现代语⾔学名著选读(上下册)北京：测绘出版社，1988 刘润清等语⾔学⼊门北京：⼈民教育出版社，1990 陆国强现代英语词汇学(新版)上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999 拓展内容： 书写格式 1.参考⽂献标注的位置 2. 参考⽂献标标注⽅法和规则 3. 参考⽂献标标注的格式 2007年8⽉20⽇在清华⼤学召开的“综合性⼈⽂社会科学学术期刊编排规范研讨会”决定，2008年起开始部分刊物开始执⾏新的规范“综合性期刊⽂献引证技术规范”。
论文参考文献和附录格式Workscited(另起一页)[1]Hymes,D.1971a.Pidginization and Creolization of Language.Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.[2]Hymes,petence and Performance in Linguistic Theory.In R.Huxley and E.Ingram(eds.).Language Acquisition：Models and Methods.London：Academic Press.3-28.[3]Judge,A.1995.Social Exclusion：A Metaphoric Trap?.Available at：(accessed at 15：30,28 June 2007).[4]Labov,W.and Fanshel,D.1977.Therapeutic Discourse：Psychotherapy as Conversation.New York：Academic Press.[5]Schegloff,E.A.1979.The Relevance of Repair to Syntax-for- conversation.In T.Givón(ed.).Syntax and Semantics 12：Discourse and Syntax.New York：Academic Press.261- 286.[6]Schegloff,E.A.1996.Confirming Allusions：Toward an Empirical Account of Action,American Journal of Sociology 102(1)：161- 216.[7]Schegloff,E.A.,Jefferson,G.and Sacks,H.1977.The Preference for Self-correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation,Language 53：361-382.[8]蔡基刚，2001a，《英汉汉英段落翻译与实践》，上海：复旦大学出版社。
英语论文参考文献精选3篇英语论文参考文献精选1篇英文及其它语种的文献在前，中文文献在后，参照以下标准执行。
期刊论文Bolinger, D. 1965. The atomization of word meaning [J]. Language 41 (4): 555-573.朱永生，2006，名词化、动词化与语法隐喻[J]，《外语教学与研究》(2)：83-90。
论文集论文Bybee, J. 1994. The grammaticization of zero: Asymmetries in tense and aspect systems [A]. In W. Pagliuca (ed.). Perspectives on Grammaticalization [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 235-254.文秋芳，2003a，英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点 [A]。
载文秋芳、王立非(编)，《英语学习策略实证研究》[C]。
西安：陕西师范大学出版社。
255-259。
网上文献Jiang, Yan. 2000. The Tao of verbal communication: An Elementary textbook on pragmatics and discourse analysis [OL]. (accessed 30/04/2006).王岳川，2004，当代传媒中的网络文化与电视批评[OL]， (2005年11月18日读取)。
专著Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language [M]. New York: Holt.吕叔湘、朱德熙，1952，《语法修辞讲话》[M]。
北京：中国青年出版社。
译著Nedjalkov, V. P. (ed.). 1983/1988. Typology of Resultative Constructions, trans. Bernard Comrie [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.赵元任，1968/1980，《中国话的文法》(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)[M]，丁邦新译。
英文文献附录The importance of English literature references cannot be overstated in the academic and research world. These references serve as the foundation upon which new knowledge is built, providing a comprehensive understanding of the existing body of work and enabling researchers to situate their own contributions within the broader scholarly landscape. In this essay, we will explore the crucial role of English literature references, their components, and the best practices for effectively incorporating them into academic writing.At the heart of any robust academic paper or dissertation lies a well-curated set of English literature references. These references serve as signposts, guiding the reader through the existing knowledge and highlighting the key ideas, theories, and findings that have shaped the field of study. By carefully selecting and citing relevant English literature, researchers demonstrate their familiarity with the subject matter, their critical engagement with the work of others, and their ability to situate their own research within the broader context of the discipline.The components of an English literature reference typically include the author's name, the title of the work, the publication date, the publisher, and the page numbers (if applicable). In the case of journal articles, the journal name, volume, and issue number are also included. These elements provide the reader with the necessary information to locate the original source and delve deeper into the referenced material.Proper citation of English literature references is not merely a formality; it is a crucial aspect of academic integrity. By accurately acknowledging the work of others, researchers uphold the principles of intellectual property and avoid the pitfalls of plagiarism. Furthermore, consistent and standardized citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, facilitate the organization and readability of the reference list, making it easier for readers to navigate and cross-reference the cited sources.In addition to their role in maintaining academic integrity, English literature references serve several other important functions. They provide context and support for the researcher's arguments, lending credibility and depth to the overall narrative. By drawing upon the work of established scholars, researchers can build upon existing knowledge, challenge prevailing assumptions, and offer new perspectives that advance the field.Moreover, a comprehensive and well-curated set of English literature references demonstrates the researcher's thorough understanding of the subject matter. It showcases their ability to engage with the broader scholarly conversation, identify gaps in the existing knowledge, and situate their own research within the larger discourse. This, in turn, can enhance the researcher's credibility and the perceived significance of their work.The process of compiling and incorporating English literature references into academic writing is a multifaceted endeavor. It requires meticulous attention to detail, a keen understanding of citation styles, and a comprehensive grasp of the existing body of work in the field. Researchers must carefully sift through the vast array of available resources, selecting the most relevant and authoritative sources to support their arguments and findings.In the digital age, the landscape of English literature references has expanded exponentially, with a wealth of online resources and databases at the researcher's disposal. From academic journals and e-books to institutional repositories and preprint servers, the sheer volume of information can be both a boon and a challenge. Effective research strategies, such as systematic literature reviews and the use of advanced search tools, become increasingly important in navigating this vast digital landscape and identifying the most pertinent English literature references.Furthermore, the rise of interdisciplinary research has underscored the importance of drawing upon diverse sources of English literature. Researchers must often venture beyond the confines of their own discipline, exploring relevant works from adjacent fields and synthesizing insights from multiple perspectives. This cross-pollination of ideas not only enriches the research process but also fosters innovative approaches and breakthroughs.In conclusion, English literature references are the cornerstone of academic writing and research. They provide the foundation for new knowledge, lend credibility to scholarly arguments, and facilitate the ongoing dialogue within the academic community. By carefully selecting, citing, and incorporating these references, researchers demonstrate their mastery of the subject matter, their commitment to intellectual integrity, and their ability to contribute meaningfully to the advancement of their field. As the landscape of English literature continues to evolve, the importance of these references will only grow, underscoring the vital role they play in shaping the future of academic discourse.。
英文科技论文中介词使用的常见语法错误及分析【论文题名】英文科技论文中介词使用的常见语法错误及分析【英文题名】Common Grammatical Errors in Usage of Prepositions in Writing English Scientific Papers【作者】王久丽WANG JiuLi【作者单位】国家自然科学基金委员会科学基金杂志社,100085,北京双清路83号【刊名】中国科技期刊研究【英文刊名】CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERIODICALS【年卷期】2006 V ol.17 No.3【关键词】英文科技论文；介词；语法【摘要】从误用介词、多用介词和漏用介词三个方面,总结了英文科技论文中介词使用的一些常见语法错误,并分别结合实例进行了分析讨论.查看文摘查看全文科技论文英文摘要中常见的介词问题【论文题名】科技论文英文摘要中常见的介词问题【英文题名】Some preposition errors in English abstracts of sci-tech papers【作者】李学军王小龙白兰云马丽【作者单位】地学前缘编辑部,100083,北京,中国地质大学;地学前缘编辑部,100083,北京,中国地质大学;地学前缘编辑部,100083,北京,中国地质大学;地学前缘编辑部,100083,北京,中国地质大学【刊名】编辑学报【英文刊名】ACTA EDITOLOGICA【年卷期】2004 V ol.16 No.6【关键词】科技论文；英文摘要；介词错误【摘要】对科技论文英文摘要中介词搭配错误、介词误用、介词省略出错、短语介词出错等问题进行了分析和讨论.指出介词搭配错误是其中最常见、最主要的一类错误,认为熟悉各种介词的含义及功用并掌握一定量的介词习惯用法,是减少介词使用错误的有效办法.查看文摘查看全文英文科技论文撰写中的几个用词问题【论文题名】英文科技论文撰写中的几个用词问题【英文题名】Common Problems in Using Some Words in Writing English Scientific Papers【作者】贺萍HE Ping【作者单位】Joumal of Integrative Plant Biology(原《植物学报》)编辑部,100093,北京香山南辛村20号【刊名】中国科技期刊研究【英文刊名】CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERIODICALS【年卷期】2006 V ol.17 No.2【关键词】论文写作；词义辨析【摘要】通过大量阅读经由澳大利亚文字编辑修改的科技论文,分析总结了科技论文写作中存在的近义词误用、数字的错误表达等用词问题,讨论并解释了错误出现的原因,以期提高论文写作水平.查看文摘查看全文英文科技论文编辑中的几种常见错误分析【论文题名】英文科技论文编辑中的几种常见错误分析【英文题名】On Some Recurrent Errors in Editing Sci-tech Papers Written in English【作者】冯赤樱【作者单位】暨南大学出版社,510632,广州市黄埔大道西601号【刊名】中国科技期刊研究【英文刊名】CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERIODICALS【年卷期】2004 V ol.15 No.5【关键词】科技论文编辑错误提示分析【摘要】针对英文科技论文编辑中有关冠词使用、数字表达及字母大写规则等几方面的常见错误,进行了总结讨论,并对出现较频繁的相关问题作了提示,给予了例析.查看文摘查看全文科技论文英文摘要中常见问题分析【论文题名】科技论文英文摘要中常见问题分析【英文题名】Problem analysis of English abstracts in scientific papers【作者】何莉【作者单位】安徽工业大学学报编辑部,安徽马鞍山,243002;【刊名】安徽工业大学学报（自然科学版）【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF ANHUI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY(NATURAL SCIENCE)【年卷期】2002 V ol.19 No.3【关键词】科技论文；英文摘要；编辑【摘要】列举了科技论文英文摘要中的一些常见错误,如冠词用法错误,动词用法错误,主谓关系不一致,句子累赘,标点符号使用不正确等.并给出正确表达的形式,为英文摘要的撰写和编辑加工提供参考.查看文摘查看全文非谓语动词在科技论文英文摘要中的正确使用【论文题名】非谓语动词在科技论文英文摘要中的正确使用【英文题名】On Correct Use of Non-predicate Verb in Writing English Abstract for Papers in Chinese Sci-tech Journals【作者】叶济蓉【作者单位】<福建农林大学学报>编辑部,350002,福建福州金山【刊名】中国科技期刊研究【英文刊名】CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERIODICALS【年卷期】2004 V ol.15 No.6【关键词】科技论文英文摘要非谓语动词常见错误【摘要】阐述了非谓语动词在科技论文英文摘要撰写中的主要作用,指出使用非谓语动词可紧缩某些冗长的主从复合句,使英文摘要更紧凑、精练.同时指出科技论文英文摘要中出现的非谓语动词使用的常见错误,并对其进行深入剖析.查看文摘查看全文科技期刊英文摘要编校应注意的一些语法问题【论文题名】科技期刊英文摘要编校应注意的一些语法问题【英文题名】Common Grammatical Errors in Editing English Abstracts of Papers in Sci-tech Journals【作者】曾晓梅【作者单位】中国气象科学研究院《气象科技》编辑部,100081,北京中关村南大街46号【刊名】中国科技期刊研究【英文刊名】CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERIODICALS【年卷期】2005 V ol.16 No.1【关键词】科技期刊英文语法【摘要】从语句的一致性、连贯性、完整性、单义性等方面,讨论了编、校科技期英文摘要的过程中应该注意的一些语法问题.查看文摘查看全文英文写作中常见语法错误【论文题名】英文写作中常见语法错误【英文题名】 A TALK ABOUT THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS FREQUENTLY FOUND IN ENGLISH WRITING【作者】周梦瑜ZHOU Meng-yu【作者单位】西南大学,外国语学院,重庆,北碚,400716【刊名】西南农业大学学报（社会科学版）【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION)【年卷期】2005 V ol.3 No.4【关键词】主谓不一致；残缺句；悬挂式错误；平行结构【摘要】英语写作一直是学生们比较头疼的问题,本文就英语写作中学生容易犯错的语法、句子结构错误作了归纳.有针对性的给出一些例子,从语法上主谓不一致,结构上的残缺句等做一些分析讲解.查看文摘查看全文科技论文英文标题的编写【论文题名】科技论文英文标题的编写【英文题名】Editing and Writing English Titles for Scientific Papers【作者】张震林李大庆ZHANG ZhenLin LI DaQing【作者单位】<江苏农业学报>编辑部,210014,南京市钟灵街50号;<江苏农业学报>编辑部,210014,南京市钟灵街50号【刊名】中国科技期刊研究【英文刊名】CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERIODICALS【年卷期】2006 V ol.17 No.1【关键词】科技论文；英文标题；编写【摘要】较详细地阐述了科技论文英文标题的编写方法,即首先要确定一个名词性的词或词组作为中心词,再以介词短语、形容词、分词短语、不定式短语、复合词、名词或动名词等限定性词或词组进一步修饰中心词、阐明论文主题.对英文标题写作中主要语法现象进行了比较系统的归纳.对英文标题编排过程中的常见问题,如标题大小写、长度、冠词的省略、中英文一致及结构形式等,进行了分析并提出了处理办法.查看文摘查看全文科技学术论文英文题名与关键词等的译写【论文题名】科技学术论文英文题名与关键词等的译写【英文题名】Translation and writing of English title and key words of scientific and technological thesis【作者】常廷文张志成【作者单位】洛阳农业高等专科学校学报编辑部,河南,洛阳,471003;洛阳农业高等专科学校学报编辑部,河南,洛阳,471003;【刊名】洛阳农业高等专科学校学报【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF LUOYANG AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE【年卷期】2002 V ol.22 No.1【关键词】科技学术论文；英文题名；写作【摘要】针对科技论文英文题名、关键词和作者姓名及工作单位译写中的常见错误,以国标为依据,参阅大量英文期刊,分别论述了英文题名、作者姓名及其工作单位英译和英文关键词的译写规范.查看文摘查看全文科技论文英文摘要常见错误分析【论文题名】科技论文英文摘要常见错误分析【英文题名】Brief Classification and Analysis of Mistakes in English Abstracts of Scientific and Technological Papers【作者】郦国兴LI Guo-xing【作者单位】江西农业大学,外语系,江西,南昌,330045【刊名】江西农业大学学报（社会科学版）【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF JIANGXI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION)【年卷期】2002 V ol.1 No.3【关键词】英文摘要；错误；分析【摘要】对科技论文英文摘要中出现的各种常见错误作了粗略的归类和分析,并提出修正意见,供英文摘要撰写者或翻译者参考,以期消除或减少错误.查看文摘查看全文科技论文英文摘要常见问题分析与处理【论文题名】科技论文英文摘要常见问题分析与处理【英文题名】Problem Analysis and Solutions of English Abstracts of Scientific and Technical Papers【作者】张晓丽【作者单位】东南大学,学报编辑部,江苏,南京,210096【刊名】洛阳师范学院学报【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF LUOYANG TEACHERS COLLEGE【年卷期】2004 V ol.23 No.6【关键词】科技论文；英文摘要；问题分析【摘要】科技论文英文摘要中存在诸如词的搭配不当、选词不当以及惯用法使用错误等问题. 解决这些问题应利用专业的语料库、搜索引擎、聘请外籍专家和期刊编辑同仁协同审读, 以提升英文摘要的质量.查看文摘查看全文英语语料库在英文摘要编辑工作中的应用【论文题名】英语语料库在英文摘要编辑工作中的应用【英文题名】Application of corpus to editing of English abstracts【作者】张晓丽【作者单位】东南大学学报编辑部,210096,南京【刊名】编辑学报【英文刊名】ACTA EDITOLOGICA【年卷期】2004 V ol.16 No.6【关键词】科技论文；英文摘要；编辑加工；英国国家语料库【摘要】利用语料库提高英文摘要质量是一项新的尝试.回顾语料库的发展史;介绍对编辑工作有较大实用价值的2个语料库:英国国家语料库(BNC)和Cobuild语料库;探讨语料库在编辑工作中的具体应用,如在语言形式辨析、同义词区分、词语搭配、词序确定等方面都可以借助语料库来实现.查看文摘查看全文科技期刊英文摘要常见写作错误分析【论文题名】科技期刊英文摘要常见写作错误分析【英文题名】Analysis of common errors in abstract writing【作者】孙力胡广振【作者单位】鞍山科技大学,辽宁,鞍山,114002;鞍山科技大学,辽宁,鞍山,114002【刊名】辽宁工程技术大学学报（社会科学版）【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF LIAONING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION）【年卷期】2002 V ol.4 No.4【关键词】科技期刊；英文摘要；写作；错误【摘要】要中常见的写作错误,如时态的误用、主动语态与被动语态的混淆及常用介词和名词使用等方面存在的问题,同时讨论了摘要写作的结构问题.通过分析科技期刊英文摘要中常见的写作错误,介绍了在英文摘要写作上的技巧.查看文摘查看全文科技论文英文摘要常见错误探析【论文题名】科技论文英文摘要常见错误探析【英文题名】An analysis of some common errors in the abstracts of scientific essays【作者】史钰军方岩【作者单位】杭州商学院,外国语学院,浙江,杭州,310012;杭州师范学院,学报编辑部,浙江,杭州,310012【刊名】杭州师范学院学报（自然科学版）【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF HANGZHOU TEACHERS COLLEGE【年卷期】2003 V ol.2 No.2【关键词】科技论文；英文摘要；常见错误【摘要】国内科技论文英文摘要常出现人称时态语态使用不当、数字表达及介词搭配等错误和不妥之处.在此举例分析了这些问题,并提出了正确的表达方法.查看文摘查看全文科技论文英文摘要常见问题分析与撰写原则【论文题名】科技论文英文摘要常见问题分析与撰写原则【英文题名】The common mistakes and writing principles of English abstracts in scientific papers【作者】李川石文川【作者单位】河北农业大学,学报编辑部,河北,保定,071001;河北农业大学,学报编辑部,河北,保定,071001;【刊名】河北农业大学学报（农林教育版）【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY OF HEBEI(AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY EDUCATION EDITION)【年卷期】2001 V ol.3 No.2【关键词】英文摘要；科技论文；问题；写作要求【摘要】英文摘要是科技论文的重要组成部分,它直接影响论文被国际权威数据库的收载和被重要文摘刊物的摘引情况.为了提高科技论文作者对英文摘要的写作水平,结合多年的编辑工作经验,对英文摘要中常见问题进行了剖析,提出了撰写英文摘要的原则.查看文摘查看全文浅议科技论文写作的逻辑构成【论文题名】浅议科技论文写作的逻辑构成【英文题名】About the Logical Structure of Scientific Paper-writing【作者】王克黎Wang Keli【作者单位】北京建筑工程学院,学报编辑部,北京,100044【刊名】北京建筑工程学院学报【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF BEIJING INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE【年卷期】2006 V ol.22 No.1【关键词】科技写作；科技语言；逻辑结构；逻辑表达【摘要】科技论文写作要严格符合逻辑思维的基本规律和基本形式,违背或忽视了逻辑关系就会出现一些与主题无紧密联系、思路不清、语言模糊的内容,且不能准确高效地记录、传播和交流科技信息.通过对科技论文写作的内在逻辑表达、核心要素的逻辑关系、论文逻辑联系与撰写要求等方面的探讨,得出一篇优秀的科技论文有着严密的逻辑构成尤为重要的结论.查看文摘查看全文科技论文层次安排应具有严密的逻辑联系【论文题名】科技论文层次安排应具有严密的逻辑联系【作者】王银平【作者单位】武汉中心气象台【刊名】湖北气象【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF HUBEI METEOROLOGY【年卷期】2005 V ol.24 No.3查看文摘查看全文科技英语英汉互译中的逻辑判断错误【论文题名】科技英语英汉互译中的逻辑判断错误【作者】张慧泉【作者单位】洛阳工业高等专科学校,材料工程系,河南,洛阳,471003【刊名】淮北煤炭师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF HUAIBEI COAL INDUSTRY TEACHERS COLLEGE(PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES)【年卷期】2006 V ol.27 No.5【栏目】语言学【分类号】H315.9【关键词】逻辑判断；科技英语；翻译【摘要】逻辑判断在科技英语翻译中占有非常重要的地位,英汉科技翻译中常见的逻辑判断错误主要有:相关概念搭配不当、反映的思想自相矛盾、不严密和缺乏逻辑关系等.查看文摘查看全文形式逻辑与科技英语翻译【论文题名】形式逻辑与科技英语翻译【英文题名】Formal Logic and the Translation of Scientific English【作者】胡开宝【作者单位】上海交通大学外国语学院,上海,200030【刊名】上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (SOCIAL SCIENCE)【年卷期】2001 V ol.9 No.1【关键词】形式逻辑；科技英语；翻译【摘要】思维离不开逻辑,作为特殊思维活动的翻译更离不开逻辑.本文结合具体实例,从结构歧义句的翻译处理,概念等值以及语句逻辑关系等值等角度探讨了形式逻辑规律在科技英语翻译中的应用.查看文摘查看全文科技英语中隐性逻辑关系对汉译主语选择的制约性【论文题名】科技英语中隐性逻辑关系对汉译主语选择的制约性【英文题名】Restrictive Influence of an Analysis of Implicit Logical Relation on Subjects Choice in Science and Technology Translation【作者】孙永强【作者单位】黑龙江科技学院基础部，黑龙江鸡西158105;Elementary Dept., Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology, Jixi 158105, China;【刊名】黑龙江科技学院学报【英文刊名】JOURNAL OF HEILONGJIANG INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY【年卷期】2001 V ol.11 No.01【关键词】科技翻译；隐性逻辑关系；逻辑分析；表层结构【摘要】针对隐性逻辑关系分析对汉译主语选择所产生的制约性，分析在实际教学工作及多年矿业科技英语研究实践中收集到的典型例句，介绍了实用性较强的转换处理方法，强调了摆脱语言表层结构束缚、加强逻辑分析能力、提高译文质量的重要性。
英语论文参考文献（全英文版）英语论文参考文献（全英文版）关键词：英文版，参考文献，英语论文英语论文参考文献（全英文版）简介：参考文献是英文类学术论文、研究报告中不可缺少的一部分，不可随意“从略”，更不可马虎了事或错误百出，很多作者在引用英文参考文献时，会出现引用不当、格式错误等问题，为大家分享正确的英语论文参考文献格式及范例。
一、英文论文参考文献格式要求英文参考文献与中文参考文献的格式英语论文参考文献（全英文版）内容：参考文献是英文类学术论文、研究报告中不可缺少的一部分，不可随意“从略”，更不可马虎了事或错误百出，很多作者在引用英文参考文献时，会出现引用不当、格式错误等问题，为大家分享正确的英语论文参考文献格式及范例。
一、英文论文参考文献格式要求英文参考文献与中文参考文献的格式要求基本相同，但写英文参考文献要注意一点，外文作者姓名的着录格式采用姓在前（全拼，首字母大写），名在后（缩写为首字母），中间用空格；着作类文献题名的实词首字母大写，期刊文献题名的首词首字母大写，期刊名称请用全称，勿用缩写。
具体如下：1、单一作者着作的书籍姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.如：Sheril, R. D.(1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego:Halstead.2、两位作者以上合着的书籍姓，名字首字母., 姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.如：Smith, J., Peter, Q. (1992).Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON:McMaster University Press.3、文集中的如：Mcdonalds, A.(1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment ofsupernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies:Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.4、期刊中的(非连续页码)如：Crackton, P.(1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change?Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.5、期刊中的(连续页码)：姓，名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期，页码.如：Rottweiler, F. T., Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink ofdestruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.6、月刊杂志中的如：Henry, W. A., III.(1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.二、英文论文参考文献范例。
本论文注释及参考文献系参考芝加哥大学论文格式要求。
鉴于我校具体情况，为了避免学生混淆，只采取以下一种样式。
报纸文章
如果在论文中出现中文引语内容，应该比照英文引语的方式进行。
其参考文献应另列在英文的参考文献之后，不要编号。
单一作者的书
电子版期刊文章
报纸文章
网址
论文摘要
摘要是论文内容的简介，其要素有4个（目的、方法、结果和结论），必要时也可有其他重要的信息。
要以提供论文内容梗概为目的，在编写时四要素中的方法、结果和结论宜详细，重点是结论，目的可简单。
要在有限的字数内（100-150字左右）提供尽可能多的信息。
编写摘要的注意事项：
1) 要反映论文的新内容和特别强调的观点；
2) 不应对论文内容作解释和评论，尤其不应作自我评价；
3) 不要用第一人称，而应采用第三人称；
4) 不得简单地重复题名中已有的信息；
5) 一般不用引文（除非论文证实或否定了他人已出版的著作）；
6) 一般不分段落；
7) 缩略语、略称、代号等，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，首次出现处必须加以说明。
附录Brief Introduction Of ASP1.ASP Language BasicsActive Server Pages (ASP) is a proven, well-established technology for building dynamic Web applications, which provides the power and flexibility you need to create anything from a personal, Web based photo gallery to a complete catalogue and shopping cart system for your next eCommerce project。
One unique feature of ASP is that it lets you choose your favourite scripting language, be it JavaScript or VBScript; however, VBScript is by far the most popular choice. In this article, I'll bring you up to speed on the basic syntax of the VBScript language, including variables, operators, and control structures.Server-Side ScriptingTo understand where ASP fits into the big picture of Web development, you need to understand the concept of a server-side scripting language. If you've programmed Web pages in Perl, PHP, JSP, or Cold Fusion before, you can safely skip this section – all of those are server-side scripting languages, and ASP works in much the same way. If you're coming to ASP armed only with knowledge of HTML (and perhaps with some CSS and/or JavaScript experience) then you'll find that server-side scripting is quite a bit different.Let me begin by giving you a quick review of how standard, non-ASP Web pages work. As shown in Figure 1, the Web browser on the client computer (the computer belonging to the user) makes a request for a page, say file.html (1). Assuming the requested file exists on the Web host computer where the Web Server software can find it, that software replies to the request by sending the file back to the browser (2). Any additional files (images, for example) required to display the page are requested and received in the same way. The protocol used for this exchange, and indeed for all communication between Web browsers and Web servers is called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).If you've ever used any JavaScript in your pages, you know that the requested Web page (file.html) can contain, in addition to plain HTML code, small programs written in JavaScript. These programs, or scripts, are read and executed by the Web browser while the page isdisplayed in the browser. So the Web browser must understand not only how to read HTML and display textand images, but it must also be able to run JavaScript programs appearing inside Web pages. This arrangement, where the Web browser runs the script after receiving it from the Web server, is called client-side scripting. The name makes sense – all of the script runs on the client-side – the right-hand side of Figure 1. The Web server is completely oblivious to whether the file it is sending contains a script or not; it’s all up to the browser (the client) to handle execution of the script.ASP fits into a different category of technologies, called server-side scripting, where it is no longer the browser running on the client that is responsible for running the script; instead, it is the Web server that runs the script. This process is illustrated in Figure 2. As before, the Web browser requests a file (1). In this case, however, the filename ends with .asp (file.asp, for example), branding it as a file containing an ASP script that needs to be processed by the server. The server recognizes this, and instead of directly sending the requested file back to the browser, it sends the file to the ASP scripting engine (2). The engine is a component of the Web server software that can interpret ASP scripts and output the results as HTML. The trick here is that any given script can output different HTML each time it is run, so what comes out of the ASP engine can be different for each client (browser) request. That dynamically generated page is then sent to the browser in response to its request (3), in exactly the same way as the static page was sent in the previous example.Just as when the page contained client-side JavaScript and the server was completely unaware of this fact, when the page contains server-side ASP script, the browser does not know this at all. The ASP code contained in the page is interpreted and converted to plain HTML by the ASP engine before the browser gets to see it; so as far as the browser is concerned an ASP page looks just like any normal Web page. All the work is done on the server-side; thus the name, server-side scripting.2．Definition and characteristic of ASPASP is a abbreviation of English APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDER, usually Chinese is translated into a application service provider, it mean that disposes, leases and manages the solution of using, specialized service company providing service for commerce , individual. Say ASP whether one business lease mode , enterprise user can rent computer andsoftware system of ASP manage one's own business directly popular, so long as any user has network browser, can rent the software needed to ASP , needn't install this software on the machine here . Thus a large sum of is used in the fund that IT products technology bought and operated sparingly. Someone think ASP may INTERNET third " killer magnitudes of application " (the first E-mail, the second is WEB)Generally speaking, ASP has the characteristics of five respects:(1), ASP regards using as the business core, namely ASP offers the visit and management to using to customer;(2)ASP is it lease application service of form to offer to customer, customer enterprise needn't make extensive investment in such aspects as equipment , software , personnel for his application demand , wrap up to ASP enterprises.(3), ASP carry on centralized management, namely ASP is it carry on centralized management in one in the center position generally to serve, the customer carries on the application that the remote access needs through Internet;(4), ASP, to a lot of customer services, ASP offers a set of standardization to use the bag , offers specialized application service for a lot of different customers, borrow this application cost of customer's enterprises of reducing;(5), ASP and customer offer the corresponding service according to the contract, from the point of view of customer, ASP whether one offer relevant service according to customer agreement content, is it use service organization that service of the system may run to guarantee.3．pluses and minuses of ASP1, Realize scale merit. Have software ownership of hardwares and right to use and traditional application facilitator to offer the one-to-one service mode with traditional users differently, ASP has ownership of application systems, users have right to use, use the system to concentrate on putting in the data centre of ASP, centralized management, disperse and use, regard form of lease of more than one pair as numerous users and offer the application technological service of the quality assurance, realize scale merit.2, The foreseeable expenses to user , stinting on expenses, can make sure to spend the little money and do the large undertaking . Because save the previous expenses which are bought software and hardware ,etc., users can rent more advanced application software . Charge of ASP to is it take according to type , guest of software degree , user quantity , service time limit is it make to come to make, this sum of expenses can be predicted to customer.3, Convenient upgrading of customer's application software.4, Reducing in the customer , the qualified personnel of IT lack the influence brought. The customer of ASP staff utilize the browser to enter relevant application software, simple and easy to use, do not need professional technical support.5, Help users to realize fast various kinds of are used and served , ASP trader has ability to combine resources of various fields, can offer the necessary solution to user in a short time . For example, typical ERP installation, time when if want in customer end installation to take from half a year to two years, but some ASP traders of U.S.A. can offer ERP application scheme within 90-120 days such as USI and CORIO.6, Service of professional lines. Some ASP traders offer vertical application service , offers service of using to one specific trade.7, Strong expansibility. ASP has strong expansion nature, can realize connecting with many kinds of networks , hardware equipment one : Insert enterprises long-rangly through the special-purpose communication line; Provide service for the long-range dialing customer through the long-range dialing server; Serve customer of Internet of the cellular telephone through WAP.8, ASP most heavy shortcoming lie in security and dependability of network, enterprise deal in data set free at the open platform, the greatest worry is how to guarantee these data are not destroyed by other people .9, Because of what ASP is offered being a service for more than, so some special demands of users' are very difficult to be satisfied.10, In realize ERP advanced ASP when using , user is it offer central management materials to need, need ASP trader to have very high credit degree.11, Lacking the sector standard that can be followed together, ASP is returned the place on the initial stage of developing, everybody is different in understanding of it, for instance the products and service standard, expenses standard ,etc., are unfavorable to the sound development of the trade.3．ASP prospect1, Market predictionHow big during the following two or three years ASP , this market , is, there is different prediction in different organizations!, wrap up IDC , GartnerGroup, Forrester ,etc.. However, they all have a basic view: In the following three to five years, IT manufacturer will transfer quite a few of business to ASP market.U.S.A. Gartner Group Dataquest has issued to use the investigation result of the market of facilitator (ASP ) in the whole world. The investigation result shows , the market scale of ASP will rise to 3,600 million dollars in 2000 from 1 billion U.S. dollars in 1999, will exceed 25,300 million dollars in 2004 ."Whether not for big enterprise or in small-scale one enterprise, it hope not it is throw in by fund not huge from infrastructure , software and staff member to needing, can guarantee the supreme application level . Though and service content is different and different to some extent according to using, when utilizing ASP, estimate that can reduce by 30%-70% of the total cost of ownership (TCO) " (Dataquest Company President Application Services Worldwide Program's analyst Ben Pring).1999, North America account for whole ASP 65%, market of sales amount, expect this rate to lessen to 45% in 2004. The sales amount of Europe takes the rate of the whole ASP market, will rise to 32% in 2004 from 20% of 1999. "By 2004, Europe and the Asian-Pacific area will turn into with the maturity market of equal scale of U.S.A.. To U.S.A., European and Asian market face wireless ASP and use easier to be accepted, promote the development of market " (Ben Pring ).In addition according to Gartner analysis, U.S.A. at present have 480 ASP enterprise, have new enterprises enter the market also every day. But have 60% ASP enterprise disappear by the end of 2001, and enterprise that can survive still by 2004 it it is saids to be only 20%.2, ASP impact on traditional IT industryASP impact on software industryThe appearance of ASP , this commercial mode , will bring the revolutionary change to the software industry . ASP trader will be the main customers of software enterprises , some software enterprises turn to ASP management mode directly, some software enterprises will make up strategic alliance with ASP trader.ASP impact on hardware industryASP impact on hardware manufacturer very enormous, ASP management mode dependability , usability in hardware,, can elasticity put forward high demand, in addition, the hardware manufacturer will be forced in terms of the solution or the service more, but not conceive their value proposition in terms of independent products. The hardware will be considered as a part among them of the application platform of ASP more and more.3)ASP is influenced big to using the service tradeWhat ASP is offered is standardized service of more than one pair, so for application service provider, and quite a lot of customers need some special customization services. However, the fast reaction of ASP, reasonable price model will impel the traditional service trade to provide ASP service in one's own products .ASP impact on communication industryTo network service provider, ASP management mode will bring oneself within with the software provider , hardware Shang and use the shared risks together of facilitator, mechanism that the income shares .3, Influence several factors of ASP developmentRestriction with frequently wide communicationASP commercial mode need sufficient bandwidth resource support, communication infrastructure of our country at present got very great development, but bandwidth resource does not arrive redundant degree yet, so wide resource frequently may is it restrict an important factor , ASP of development to become.Security of the networkThe security of the network includes meaning of two layers: First, technology can resist forcible entry of hacker, another important meaning whether ASP job personal integrity, trader of itself reach certain level, the customer's business secret will not be revealed because of reason of ASP oneself.3)Social credit systemWe see the ASP industry of U.S.A. develop rapidly , should see the credit system that they have accumulated for many years has actually been the key motive force of ASP development . However, review domestic enterprises and generally lack the credit idea, this has increased transaction cost and investment risk of ASP users greatly.4)Factor of the brandNeed high specification requirement very , require because of ASP commercial mode itself this and credit require safely, ASP brand factor of Shang is very important too.译文ASP简介1.ASP基础语言ASP是构建动态网页应用的被实践证明了的技术，为你需要创建任何的东西从一个基于图片库个人网页到一个完整的目录，为你的下一个商业项目提供全面的系统提供了强大的功能和灵活性。
