高考英语阅读推断题
英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是需要阅读者通过阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生需要具备对事物进行归纳分类的能力，在获取信息事实后才能将已知细节加以分析，从而得出合理的判断。
培养考生的判断推理能力可以从以下四方面着手：一是对理解词汇和结构本身的意义进行判断推理；二是对文章中的事实、现象进行归纳、推断可能得出的结论；三是通过文章的用词和修辞手段理解作者的立场、观点和写作目的；四是通过对话，推断对话双方的语气和对问题的不同看法。
推断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、态度及观点判断题、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。
一、细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等.一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
典例：2006 年卷 A 篇
· · · · · Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole。and he ‘s skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other Briton．H is old playmates would not believe the transformation ．
60 ． It can be inferred that Saunders’journey to the North Pole _______ ．
A ． was accompanied by his old playmates
B ． set a record in the North Pole expedition
C ． was supported by other Arctic explorers
D ． made him well-known in the 1960 s
[解析] 答案是B 。本小题是问从文章中推断出 Saunder的北极之旅怎么样?根据上面文章所提供的信息：Saunder是到目前为止独自滑雪去北极的人中最年轻的一位，而且 Saunder独自滑雪去北冰洋的地方比其他任何一个英国人都要多。由此细节，我们可以推断出 Saunder 的北极之旅在北极探险中是创造了一个记录。
二、因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的涵，理解文章的真正含义。
典例：2009 年卷 B 篇
· · · · Although our situation was very bad，it’s difficult to feel too sorry for your self when you look at what’s happening else where．I watched a newsreport about floods in Northern India and thought. “We didn’t have a straw hut(茅草房) that was swept away, and our house is still standing．W e ’re lucky．”
4 7 ． Why does the author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph ?
A . Because her situation was not serious．
B ． Because many other paces were flooded．
C ．Because she had been to Northem India．
D ． Because some others suffered even more．
[ 解析】答案是D。作者提到 I watched a newsreport about floods in Northern
India and thought．“ We didn ‘t have a straw hut (茅草房 ) that was swept away，and our house is still standing ．We ‘re lucky ．”从这两句话可以推断出作者说他们是幸运的原因了。
三、人物性格、态度及观点判断题
高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意：由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点；特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词；能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
典例：2006 年全国卷 D 篇
Art is now together with my piano playing and reading．There is a time for everything in my world，and it is wonderful to have some time doing what
1 want to do ．
A s Confucius once said ，”At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire ．”
72．How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?
A ． Very enjoyable．
B ． A bit regretfu1．
C ． Rather busy．
D ． Fairly dul1．
[ 解析】答案是 A 。根据文章的最后一段可知绘画、读书、弹钢琴成了作者退休生活中不可或缺的一部分。由此可以推断选项 A 才是作者的感觉。
说明文中作者的态度有：
(1)positive (积极的) (2)negative （消极的）
(3)neutral (中立的) (4) objective （客观的）
(5) approval （赞成的） (6) disapproval
(7) indifferent （漠不关心的） (8) sarcastic （讽刺的）
(9) critical (批评的) (10) optimistic （乐观的）
（11）pessimistic（悲观的）
高考连接----2010卷
There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.
No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.
What is the author’s attitude towards the modern technology?
A. Critical
B. Objective.
C. Optimistic.
D. Negative.
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反应). （2分钟）
●According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.
B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.
C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.
D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.
Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure--- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.
I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.
Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists （心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）.
Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.
●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude（态度）towards dangerous sports.
A. positive（肯定的）
B. negative（否定的）
C. neutral （中立的）
D. nervous
四、预测想象推理题
有些容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路 (如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述 )，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。
典例：2007 年卷 A 篇
The city of Rome has passed a new to prevent cruelty to animals． All gold fish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs．
36 ． The new law passed in Rome will______.
A ． help improve fishing environment
B ． guarantee better conditions for goldfish
C ． stop people from catching goldfish
D ． discourage keeping goldfish at home
[ 解析】答案是 B 。文章第一段指出罗马通过了一项新的法律，禁止对动物的残忍行为，不允许再用鱼缸饲养金鱼。由此可推断，这项新的法律会确保金鱼有更好的生存条件。
When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟）
●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________.
A. fire
B. hunting
C. farming
D.urbanization （城市化）
五、写作意图推测题
此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
典例：2011年某省考卷 A 篇
· · · · Now the pleasure of learning Jane Austen " knew it, keeping
in its streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described
so well in her novels．
一After your visit to the Centre，you can’’ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ You Call also
have walking to ours of Jane Aust en ’ s Bath ，??
5 8．The author writes this passage in order to ______ ．
A ． attract readers to visit the city of Bath
B ． ask readers to buy Austen’s books
C ． tell readers about Jane Austen’s experience
D ． give a brief introduction to the Jane Austen Society
【解析】答案是 A 。从这篇义章上面所节选出来的信息，可以推断出 The
author is suggesting the readers visit to Bath ．判断推理是一种创造性的思
维活动，但它并非无章可循，可以在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，吃透文章的字面意
思，对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，把握句、段
之间的逻辑关系。然后通过分析、综合、判断等方法进行深层处理，这样就可以做
出符合逻辑的推理判断。
“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or
have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over
you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.
●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to
______.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves
B.draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
高考连接-----2010卷
The Cost of Higher Education
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is
专题07 阅读理解推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替
高考英语阅读推断题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是需要阅读者通过阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生需要具备对事物进行归纳分类的能力，在获取信息事实后才能将已知细节加以分析，从而得出合理的判断。 培养考生的判断推理能力可以从以下四方面着手：一是对理解词汇和结构本身的意义进行判断推理；二是对文章中的事实、现象进行归纳、推断可能得出的结论；三是通过文章的用词和修辞手段理解作者的立场、观点和写作目的；四是通过对话，推断对话双方的语气和对问题的不同看法。 推断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、态度及观点判断题、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。 一、细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等.一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。 典例：2006 年山东卷A 篇 · · · · · Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole。and he ‘s skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other Briton．H is old playmates would not believe the transformation ． 60 ．It can be inferred that Saunders’journey to the North Pole _______ ． A ．was accompanied by his old playmates B ．set a record in the North Pole expedition C ．was supported by other Arctic explorers D ．made him well-known in the 1960 s [解析] 答案是B 。本小题是问从文章中推断出Saunder的北极之旅怎么样根据上面文章所提供的信息：Saunder是到目前为止独自滑雪去北极的人中最年轻的一位，而且Saunder独自滑雪去北冰洋的地方比其他任何一个英国人都要多。由此细节，我们可以推断出Saunder 的北极之旅在北极探险中是创造了一个记录。 二、因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。 典例：2009 年四川卷B 篇 · · · · Although our situation was very bad，it’s difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at what’s happening else where．I watched a newsreport about floods in Northern India and thought. “We didn’t have a straw hut(茅草房) that was swept away, and our house is still standing．W e ’re lucky．” 4 7 ．Why does the author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph A . Because her situation was not serious． B ．Because many other paces were flooded． C ．Because she had been to Northem India． D ．Because some others suffered even more． [ 解析】答案是D。作者提到I watched a newsreport about floods in Northern India and thought．“We didn ‘t have a straw hut (茅草房) that was swept away，and our house is still
英语阅读理解推理判断之文章出处或读者对象题 真题感悟： (2018·全国Ⅱ，B) Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries，strawberries are highest in vitamin C，although，because of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质)，iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein)．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质)．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱桃)，they are so delicious who cares？However，they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits，frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick，cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”．For this purpose，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer，you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert，to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a children’s party；they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. 27．From which is the text probably taken? A．A biology textbook. B．A health magazine.
2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题（含解析） 一、阅读理解 1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 Here are six steps to better studying. Pay attention in class Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention. Take good notes Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject. Plan ahead for tests and projects Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night. Ask for help You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help. Sleep tight So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning. （1）We know from the passage that a loud person is ________. A. a student who always answers questions loudly in class B. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice C. a student who likes speaking with others in class D. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places （2）If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________. A. read your notes over and over again B. turn to people around you for help C. put aside the material for later review D. ask your teacher to explain it the next day （3）By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?
解密阅读理解之推理判断题 考点详解 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有： 1. It can be inferred from the text that… 2. We can conclude that… 3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that… 4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析： 题型一细节推断题： 常见的设问方式： It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________. The author mainly suggests that ________. It can be concluded from the passage that_______. The writer implies but not directly states _______. What does the author imply about newspapers? 细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 干扰项特点：
第三节推理判断题 一、推理判断题出题方式 【设题类型】 1. 细节推理：直接推理，正确选项是由文中的某处具体信息直接推倒出来的。 2. 归纳推理：需要就文中所提供的多处信息进行归纳综合，推导出新的结论。【设问形式】 1. Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph? 2. What can we infer from the last sentence? 3. What do you think would ha ppen (to …) at the end of the story? 4. We can learn from the last paragraph that _________. 5. We can infer from the passage that __________. 6. From this passage, we can infer that __________. 7. From the passage, we know that __________. 8. The writer believes that ___________. 二、4招巧解推理判断题 第1招：根据题干中的关键词在原文中定位 某些推理判断题往往也针对文中的事实或细节而设置，因此也可以根据题干中的人物、地点、时间、陈述对象等关键词语在原文中定位，然后根据原文内容进行正确的推理和判断。 示例1 The man left with no hope at all. He didn’t know what to do with only $10 in his pocket. He thought and thought. Then he went to the supermarket and bought 10 kilos of tomatoes. He sold the tomatoes from door to door. In less than two hours, he had 20 dollars. He repeated the operation three times, and started to go early every day, and returned home late. Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles (运货车队). Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers (零售商) in the US. 49. Why could the man become one of the biggest food retailers in the US? A. Because he had many friends to help him. B. Because he was smart and worked very hard. C. Because he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles.
2015考研英语阅读推理判断题考点归纳 1、推理判断题的标志：infer，imply，suggest，All of the following/statements……NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT 2. 应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处 考生经常会在这种题型出错，其实主要就源于一个“懒”。 推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子，而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方，考生就没有耐性一一定位。这是一种错误的方法，考生一定要每个选项都返回原文，找到相对应的考点。笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。 A）正话反说： 这是考研的一个难点，即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。很多考生没有真正理解文章意思，只停留在字面意思的理解，经常会选错答案。而正话反说又可以分为以下几类： Should：应该怎样？也就意味着实际上并没有那么干，也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。 It looks/sounds like/as if：看/听上去好像，实际并不是。如大纲样题（1997年真题第5篇）的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy，such as ”steering the economy to a soft landing“ or ”a touch on the brakes“，makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”，作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。 虚拟语气：虚拟以所谓的反事实假设，即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。如1996年第五篇的末句“And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争 议的惟一评判标准，那么一切都会变得好了”，作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是惟一评判标准，而今天情况也并不好。 让步论述：让步论述就是先假设作者观点负面成立，从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局，倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。因为有假设能成立的过程，事实上并不能成立，因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。如大纲样题（1997年第5篇）首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty stee ring wheel.”如果把货币政策比成开汽车的话（前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车，这里就是假设其观点的负面成立），那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的，后视镜是碎的，方向盘是坏的车（荒谬的不合理的结局）。倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。
推理判断题专练(一)——细节推断类 `A [2019·安徽省百所重点中学模拟]I've been a volunteer in the Macmillan@ Glasgow Libraries programme for just over a year. I got involved because I was looking for something to volunteer for after I retired from work. I thought being a Macmillan Cancer Information and Support Volunteer might be a good way to do that by using some of the skills I learned at work. At one time, I felt I made a real difference when a lady came in to use the service. She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner. She had lots of things on her mind. We, together with a counselor, had a chat about her to help deal with all the emotions (情感) she felt. We knew we could arrange something, so we discussed with her what could be done for her family. She was relieved that we could get something arranged for her and liked the fact that we managed to get the ball rolling during her visit. The good thing about having the services in the library is that the environment is non-clini cal and therefore more relaxing than the hospital or doctor's surgery. The team in the library are not medically trained. That means we do not use big words or medical terms very often. It's great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution (解决) for people who come in. It's good to have the team at the other end of the phone whenever we get something unusual. It is a pleasure to be able to help as a volunteer. 体裁：夹叙夹议文题材：个人经历主题：志愿者工作 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中记叙了自己作为一名志愿者的经历。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去帮助那些需要帮助的人，并从中得到了快乐。 【短语积累】get the ball rolling 开始某事；继续某事 He will go to Europe next week to get the ball rolling again on peace talks.他下周将前往欧洲，开始重启和谈。 1．What can we infer about the author? A．He is a retired doctor. B．He is volunteering in a hospital. C．He is a counselor in cancer.
高考英语阅读理解：5种判断推理题详尽解法 【命题特点】 这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。 【常见考法】 在解答推理判断题时应注意： 提问中的常见单词： infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose 提问中常含有表示推测的情态动词： can, could, might, would 提问中常含有表示可能性的副词或词组: probably, most likely 推理题经常使用的提问方式： 推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式： 1) The purpose in writing this text is to __________. 2) The author writes this passage to __________. 3) The author in this passage intends to __________. 推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式： 1) It can be inferred from the passage that __________. 2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? 3) From the passage we can conclude that __________. 推断文章出处的设题形式： 1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_________. 2)Where would this passage most probably appear? 3)The passage is most likely a part of_________. 解题思路 判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。 推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正涵。 ①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础; ②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 ③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点; ④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
如何做高考英语阅读理解推断题 高考英语阅读理解中的推断题，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。根据近几年高考英语推断题的考查情况，本文拟就对隐含意义的推断、作者观点的推断、写作目的推断以及材料出处的推断等四种典型的推断题类型进行分析，以帮助同学们熟练应对。 一、如何推断隐含意义 1．推断隐含意义的提问方式 It can be inferred from the text that______. According to…, we can infer that______. From the text we know that …is most likely_______. When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is_______ . The writer suggests that______. The story implies that___________. We can infer [conclude] from the passage that______________. 这类题干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to…等标志性词语。2. 干扰项的设置特点在通常情况下，这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点：或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，或是与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。3. 答题误区同学们在做类题目时，很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。4. 技巧点拨一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。 实例分析（江西卷） A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up
英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题 真题感悟： (2018·浙江，C) As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 30．What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.
Reading Comprehension —how to make inferences By Sun Yunping Gaoyou City No.1 Middle School Teaching aim: To i mprove the students’ ability of make inferences Teaching difficult point: How to improve the students’ ability of doing task-based reading Teaching aid: Multimedia Teaching procedures: Step One: Lead-in Have a free talk with students and find out the difficulty that they have in doing reading Comprehension. 1.How much time do you usually spend on this exam item? 2. 解读20XX年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： １、理解语篇主旨要义； ２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； ４、作出简单判断和理解； ５、理解文章的基本结构； ６、理解作者的意图和态度; 7 、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词词语转换。3．How many question types are there in this exam item? 事实细节型；词义猜测型；主旨大意型；推理判断型 Step Two: Finding out ways Give students a sample and then help them get the relative ways to solve each question type. Then let them do some practice. 1).How to infer the implied meanings(推断隐含意义) 【Sample】 It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you don’t turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. You can tell that rocks ________.(B) A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animals C. won’t be found on beaches D. can’t be found on beaches
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________