标准听力（一）听力原文及答案解析
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. W: Since it?s the rush hour, let?s take the subway.
M: OK. It?s not as direct as the bus, but it?s f aster and there will be less chance of a traff i c jam. I think it is the best choice f or us right now.
Q: Why do the man and the woman make such a decision?
【听前预测】选项中的bus，direct though expensive，subway，fast and less expensive等表明，对话涉及公共汽车和地铁的优缺点。
【解析】选[C]。对话中女士提到take the subway，男士回答OK. It?s not as direc t as the bus, but it?s f aster…。由此可知，二人选择地铁是因为它比较快，虽然不是直达，故答案为[C]。
12. W: It seems that Mary is used to keeping us waiting f or her all the time. Maybe one of us should give her a ring bef ore each meeting.
M: That?s true. And I think I will be the volunt eer.
Q: What will the man probably do?
【听前预测】选项均以原形动词开头以及其中的Tell Mary表明，本题可能考查与Mary有关的将来的行为动作。
【解析】选[B]。对话中女士提到Maybe one of us should give her a ring bef ore each meeting（或许我们中的一个人应该在每次开会前给她打个电话），男士回答道I will be the volunteer。由此可知，男士将会在每次开会前给Mary打电话，故答案为[B]。
13. M: It?s really too bad this had to happen. Jennie was supposed to start her new job in the morning. But that?s out of the question now.
W: Why are you worried about the job at a time like this? Her health is more important.
Q: What do we learn f rom the conversation about Jennie?
【听前预测】选项中的She，f irst job，very healthy，poor health等表明，对话与She的工作和健康状况有关。
【解析】选[D]。对话中男士提到“Jennie本应该在今天上午开始她的新工作。但现在这不可能了。”女士听后说“她的健康更重要”。由此可推断出，Jennie不能去工作是因为她现在身体状况不好，故答案为[D]。out of the question表示“不可能的”。
14. W: Mr. Williams, how can I help you?
M: It never used to trouble me, but now af ter only a couple of glasses, I start to f eel really terrible. Could you give me some advice?
Q: What do we learn about the man f rom the conversation?
【听前预测】选项中的He，alcoholic，got a headache/stomachache等表明，对话可能与男士喝酒引起身体不适有关。
【解析】选[A]。由男士提到的“以前我喝酒一点事都没有，但现在仅仅喝几杯之后，我就开始感觉很难受”可推断出，男士是个酒鬼，故答案为[A]。
15. W: What are you scratching your head f or?
M: I?ve been racking my brains all morning trying to recall the name of the company that produces the portable computers, but in vain.
Q: What do we learn about the man?
【听前预测】选项均以He开头，由其中的can?t recall，f orgets，doesn?t remember，computer等可知，对话可能与男士忘记某件跟电脑有关的事情。
【解析】选[D]。对话中男士提到…racking my brains…to recall the name of the company that produces the portable computers, but in vain（……我绞尽脑汁在想那家生产手提电脑的公司的名字，但没想起来），[D]的表述与此一致，故为答案。rack one?s brain意为“绞尽脑汁想某事”；in vain意为“徒劳”。
16. M: If I remember right, this is the third time I wrote you this month, isn?t it, Mrs. Smith?
W: Y es. Tom?s really a headache. Prof. Benson, I wonder if you could give me some advice about my boy.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
【听前预测】选项表明，本题考查地点场所，快速浏览四个选项中的地点场所，并在听音时捕捉关键信息词对号入座即可选出答案。
【解析】选[B]。由对话中女士提到的Prof. Benson, I wonder if you could give me some advice about my boy（Benson教授，关于我的孩子，我想知道
您是否能够给我一些建议）可推知，对话应该发生在学校办公室里面，故答案为[B]。[C]是针对女士的话Tom?s really a headache所设的干扰项，a headache 在此意为“令人头痛的人”。
17. M: This TV set is getting worse and worse. Now it doesn?t work at all.
W: Here?s an advertisem ent in the newspaper about a big TV sale. Usually a big sale like this would have some good bargains. What would you say?
Q: What does the woman suggest?
【听前预测】选项中的TV set，on sale，bargain，sell，buy等表明，对话可能与电视机的买或卖有关。
【解析】选[D]。对话开头男士抱怨说This TV set … doesn?t work at all（电视机……彻底坏了），接着女士提到Here?s… a big TV sale … would have some good bargains（有……一个大型电视促销活动…会有便宜货），即女士建议他们去参加促销活动，廉价买一台电视机，故答案为[D]。
18. M: I must be going now — I promised to pick up Nancy.
W: Since you?re going to pick up Nancy f rom the f itness class, why don?t you kill two birds with one stone and pick up Peter af ter his ballet class?
Q: What does the woman mean?
【听前预测】由选项中重复出现的The man should，pick up，Nancy and Peter等可知，本题与男士接Nancy和Peter有关，女士的话为听音重点。
【解析】选[A]。对话中女士提到…pick up Nancy… kil l two birds with one stone and pick up Peter…（……接Nancy……一举两得接Peter），[A]是对此的同义转述，故为答案。why don?t...表建议。kill two birds with one stone意为“一箭双雕”。
Now you will hear the two long conversations.
Conversation One
W: I know that you believe central bank should normally be independent f rom the government, rather than a government department. Why is this?
M: Well, the main reason is what we call, in economics, the political business cycle. If the central bank mainly acts as a branch of government, then this government is inclined to increase abruptly, f or instance, money supply just bef ore elections in order to f avour employment, but, of course, this has a negative eff ect on inf lation.
W: And this happens in America, in Germany?
M: Mainly in Germany. The two most independent central banks we can think of are really Switzerland and Germ any.
W: Not the Fed, the Federal Reserve?
M: The Fed, yes, but the Fed is sligh tly less independent, in the sense that, f or instance, it doesn?t have a goal of price stability as clearly stated as the Ger man or the Swiss central banks, f or instance.
W: And examples of central banks which are inf luenced by the government?
M: Well, t here?s Britain, f or instance. France is being slowly privatized — well, made independent. Italy, contrary to what most people think, is a quite independent central bank. It?s one of the most eff icient public bodies, I would say.
W: But you think the independent bank is a model f or the f uture?
M: Y es, I would argue it is. Actually I?m working presently on something that tends to show that the independence should actu ally be adapted to the economic conditions in the country and outside the country, but yes, generally a more independent central bank is certainly more, well, certainly more desirable than a non-independent central bank.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. Why should central banks be independent from the government, according to the man?
【解析】选[C]。选项均以“To+原形动词”开头表明，本题可能考查做某事的目的或原因。对话开头女士问男士为什么认为中央银行应该独立于政府，男士回答说主要原因就是the political business cycle（政治性经济周期），接着解释说如果中央银行成为政府机构，那么政府很可能会为了在大选前提高就业率而突然增加货币供应，从而导致通货膨胀，由此可推断出，男士之所以认为中央银行应该独立于政府就是为了避免经济受政治的影响，故答案为[C]。
20. Which of t he following central banks is the most independent, according to the man?
【解析】选[A]。选项中重复出现的Bank表明，本题与银行有关。对话中男士提到，The two most independent central banks...are really Switzerland and Germany，由此可知，他认为最独立的两个中央银行就是瑞士中央银行和德国中央银行，[A]为其中之一，故为答案。
【点睛】最高级处为常考点，听音时应留意。
21. What does the man say about the central bank of Britain?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的It，privatized slowly，independent bank，most eff icient等表明，It应该是指某家银行，本题考查它的特点。女士让男士举一个受政府左右的中央银行的例子，男士回答说there?s Britain, f or instance，由此可知，英国中央银行受政府控制，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】f or instance举例处常设为考点，是听音的重点。
Conversation Two
W: So this is the Internet?
M: Well, it?s the World Wide Web, which is part of the Internet.
W: Wow… and, uh, what do you use it f or?
M: Oh, well, I can sit here in my off ice and do almost anything.
W: Like what?
M: Well, this morning, the f irst thing I did when I got up was to turn on the computer. In a couple of minutes, I was reading the newspaper from Chicago.
W: Wow.
M: Y eah, you can read hundreds of newspapers f rom around the world.
W: That?s amazing.
M: That?s just the start. Then I checked my e-mail. There was a message f rom my dad in Chicago, one f rom my sister in San Francisco, and a message f rom my brother in Hong Kong. My dad?s message was to tell me not to f orget my mom?s birthday. So then I sent her an electronic birthday card.
W: An electronic birthday card?
M: Uh-huh.
W: Fantastic.
M: My sister wanted to know if I was planning to visit her in San Francisco during my vacation.
W: So…, are you?
M: Well, I checked an airline reservation service. I looked at the schedule and picked a f light, booked it, and sent the inf ormation to my sister. Af ter about an hour she sent me a reply saying she?d pick me up at the airport.
W: Oh, my gosh! And how about your brother?s message?
M: Well, he told me about a big f ire in Hong Kong yesterday, and I wanted to f ind out more about it. So I checked an Internet news service and I saw video f ootage of it.
W: No way! Y ou can see video images through your computer?
M: Absolutely sure. Amazing, isn?t it?
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. Where does the conversation take place?
【解析】选[D]。选项表明，本题考查地点场所，需要快速浏览各个选项，听音时应注意与地点场所有关的信息，对号入座即可选出答案。由男士提到的I can sit here in my of f i ce and do almost anything可推断出，对话应该是发生在男士的办公室里，故答案为[D]。
23. What was the first thing the man did when he got up this morning?
【解析】选[B]。选项均为与He有关的完整句子且谓语动词均使用了一般过去式表明，本题与男士过去的行为活动有关。对话中男士提到今天早上他起床后做的第一件事就是打开电脑（turn on the computer），故答案为[B]。
【点睛】f irst，then等表顺序处为常考点，听音时应留意。
24. Where does the man?s sister live?
【解析】选[B]。选项表明，本题考查地点场所，听音时应留意地点信息，并听清问题问的是问什么。对话中男士说他查看电子邮件的时候，有一条是sister从旧金山（San Francisco）发来的消息，由此可推断出，男士的sister应该是住在旧金山，故答案为[B]。
25. What is the message from the man?s brother mainly about?
【解析】选[C]。女士问男士他brother发来的消息说了些什么，男士回答说brother告诉他香港昨天发生了一起大火（a big f ire in Hong Kong yesterday），故答案为[C]。
【点睛】问题中的the message f rom the man?s brother为听音的关键。
Section B
Passage One
Coffee is one of the world?s most widely-enjoyed beverages. Flavor aside, scientists have recognized it as a complex blend of chemical compounds with potential health effects, both good and bad. Now, new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer.
Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University Of Utah School Of Medicine was interested in the link between coffee drinking and cert ain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this bef ore, but without reaching any f irm conclusions.
“There were a f ew studies, but the f indings were not consistent across the studies,” she said, “so this f in ding f rom our current study was quite a surprise. We didn?t really have any expect ation of which direction it could go into. “To sort out the conf usion, Hashibe and her colleague s used statistical techniques to, in eff ect, make one big study out of the previous smaller studies.
We combined data across nine individual studies, so we have a lot more power than previous studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx throat. And then 9,000 controls, so controls are people who do not have cancer.
Those studies — in Europe and the United States — f ound that people who drank a lot of coff ee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat.
In an interview via Skype, Mia Hashibe said th ere was a weak link between cancer risk and drinking decaff einated coff ee, but it wasn?t statistically signif icant.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
26. What does the new research show?
【解析】选[A]。选项中重复出现的Drinking coffee以及protect，help relieve，lead to等表明，本题考查喝咖啡的作用。短文开头提到，新的研究显示，喝足够的咖啡可能有助于避免某些癌症，故答案为[A]。
【点睛】[A]中的may protect you against some cancers是对短文中提到的might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer的同义转述。
27. How many cancer patients parti cipated in Hashibe?s study?
【解析】选[B]。选项表明，本题与数字有关，故听音时应留意与数字相关的信息。Hashibe和她的同事用统计学的方法在之前的一些小型研究的基础上进行了一次大规模的研究，她们找来了4,000名有口腔癌和咽喉癌的病人，由此可知，共有4,000名癌症患者参与这项研究，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】数字处为常考点，是听音重点。
28. What did the studies carried out in Europe and the United States f ind?
【解析】选[D]。选项中的link between cancer risk and drinking...coff ee，drank a lot...were less likely to develop cancers等表明，本题可能考查喝咖啡与人体健康之间的关系。短文中提到在欧洲和美国进行的一些研究发现，喝很多咖啡的人不太容易得口腔癌和喉癌（…drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat），故答案为[D]。
Passage Two
States with a highly educated populace and higher taxes on cigarettes have fewer smokers, according to a new Gallup study of poll data.
The study f ound that one out of f ive American adults smoke, a number that has held relatively steady in recent years. Utah had the fewest smokers, at just 13 percent, while Kentucky and West V irginia tied f or f i rst place at 31 percent.
The South and Midwest dominated in smoker-heavy states. Besides Kentucky and West V irginia, Tennessee, Indiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Ohio, Louisiana, South Carolina and Alabama all had populations in which 25 percent or more people smoked. States that were under the national smoking average of21 percent included: Calif ornia, Idaho, Montana, the District of Columbia, New Jersey, Minnesota, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Arizona and Maryland.
Higher rat es of smoking correlated with lower rates of formal education, according to the Gallup organization. West V irginia, Kentucky, Arkansas, Indiana, Tennessee and Oklahoma, f or example, are all states where f ewer than 25 percent of residents have college degrees. Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey and the District of Columbia, all areas with high rates of education, had some of the lowest rates of smoking.
Cigarette taxes are also associat ed with low smoking rates, though it?s not clear whether taxes discourage smoking or whether states with fewer smokers are more likely to pass high cigarette taxes. In states where smoking was well above average, the average state cigarette tax was $0.66 a pack. In average states, it was $1.59, and in below-average states, it was $2.02.
States that discourage smoking with regulations against smoking in public places also had lower smoking rates.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
29. What percentage of American adults smoke, according to the study?
【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题考查百分比，听音时应留意相关的信息。短文中提到，研究发现每五个美国成年人中就有一个人吸烟，由此可推断，美国大约有20%的成年人吸烟，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】听到one out of f ive便不难选出答案。
30. Which of t he following states in America had the lowest smoking rate, according to the study?
【解析】选[A]。选项表明，本题考查地点场所，故听音时应留意与地点场所相关的信息。短文中提到，Utah（犹他州）的烟民最少，也就是说，Utah 的吸烟比率最低，故答案为[A]。
【点睛】最高级处常设为考点，听音时应注意。
31. What can be inferred from the passage?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的States with f ewer...populaces/higher taxes，f ewer smokers，lower/higher smoking rates等表明，本题可能与各州间的吸烟情况的比较有关。短文开头提到，香烟税较高的州拥有的烟民人数较少（States with...higher taxes on cigarettes have fewer smokers），后面提到的In states where smoking...above average...cigarette tax was $0.66...In average states, it was $1.59...in below-average states, it was $2.02也表明了这一点，故答案为[B]。
Passage Three
A new report f inds that West Af rica has become a major hub of cocaine smuggling to Europe, a trend that threatens to undermine Af rican countries as well as European law enforcement eff orts.
The report by the V ienna-based International Narcotics Control Board has f ound cocaine smugglers are choosing to ship drugs f rom South America to Europe, through West Af rica and the Balkans.
In the case of West Af rica, Beate Hammond, an of f icer at the Board, says the f indings are alarming. Hammond says that bef ore 2005, the total amount of cocaine seized in West Af rica was one ton. That has jumped to 33 tons the past three to f our years.
“Because the geographical location of West Af rica makes it an ideal staging point f or smuggling,” Hammond said. “Then generally the structure, and law enf orcement structures in particular, are very weak in Af ri can countries, and traff ickers of course can take advant age of tha t.”
Hammond says Liberia, where 2.5 tons of cocaine were seized in January 2008, offers just one worrisome example.
The study also says the price of cocaine has f allen drastically recently, possibly because shipping routes are cheaper and possibly because of the global economic downturn, although hard times may also lead to an increase in demand f or the drug.
Besides West Af rica, Af ghanistan rem ains a concern f or drug enforcement agents.
“Opium cultivation declined by more than 19 percent in 2008 and estimated production also declined,” Beat e Hammond said. “But this does not change the essential fact that Af ghanistan remains by f ar the largest supplier of illicit opium poppy in the world and also the largest supplier of heroin.”
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
32. What does the new report find about West Africa, according to the passage?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的It，become a major...center...to Europe，provided...opportunities f or...Europeans等表明，It可能指某一地点，本题考查该地对于欧洲的意义。短文开头提到，一项新的报告发现West Africa已经成为可卡因走私到欧洲的主要中心，故答案为[B]，其中的a major center of drug smuggling 与短文中提到的a major hub of cocaine smuggling对应。
33. What is the total amount of cocaine seiz ed in West Africa before 2005？
【解析】选[A]。选项表明，本题考查与重量相关的信息。短文中提到，2005年之前，在西非缴获的可卡因总量为1吨，故答案为[A]。
【点睛】短文中往往出现两个以上的数字，故听音时应做好笔记，并听清问题问的是什么。
34. What is a possible reason for the drastic falling of the price of cocaine, according to t he passage?
【解析】选[C]。选项中的labor/Transportation...cheaper，demand...declining等表明，本题可能与某一方面下降的原因有关。短文中提到，研究显示可卡因的价格近来严重下跌，可能是因为海上运输费用比较低，还可能是因为全球经济低迷，[C]为原因之一，故为答案。
【点睛】because和because of表原因处常设为考点，听音时应留意。
35. Which country is the largest supplier of heroin?
【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题与某一国家有关，听音时应留意与选项中的国家相关的信息，并听清问题问什么。短文结尾用But转折提到，但是……Af ghanistan（阿富汗）到目前为止仍然是最大的非法罂粟供应方，同时也是最大的海洛因供应方，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】But转折处和最高级处常设为考点，听音时应注意。
Section C
36.【解析】check-up。空前的不定冠词a和形容词medical表明，本空应填一单数名词，on-line为其后置定语。
37.【解析】lengthy。空前的不定冠词a和空后的名词process表明，本空应填一以辅音音素开头的形容词。
38.【解析】e xplaining。空前的动词begin和空后why引导的从句表明，本空应填一现在分词。begin后面也可以接动词不定式，但此处只能填一个单词，
故排除。
39.【解析】U ndoubtedly。分析句子结构可知，句子不缺少主干成分，根据空格所在位置推断，所填词应为副词。
40.【解析】heads。分析空所在的句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，再根据上下文的一般现在时态和主语Dr. Kilo可知，本空应填一第三人称单数形
式的动词。
41.【解析】ailments。空前的形容词chronic和空后的介词like表明，本空应填一名词。根据like后举例提到的hypertension or diabetes（高血压或者糖
尿病）可推知，所填词很可能含有“疾病”的含义。
42.【解析】reviewed。空前的动词have和名词短语their charts表明，本空应填一过去分词，构成have sth. done这一结构。
43.【解析】monitor。空前的不定式符号to表明，本空应填一原形动词。
44.【答案】He says that a lot of what we do in primary care can be done elect ronically or over the phone
【Main Points】He says lots of what we do in primary care can be done electroni cally or on the phone
45.【答案】Patients can receive medical advice quickly, securely and conf identially on-line, directly from their primary care physician
【Main Points】Patients can get medical advice quickly, securely and conf identially on-line, directly f rom their primary care doctor
46.【答案】waiting 35 to 40 minutes to visit your primary care doctor f or a 7-or-8-minute visit isn?t always the most productive way to get your primary care needs
met
【Main Points】waiting 35 to 40 minutes to see your primary care doctor f or 7 or8 minutes isn?t always the most productive way to meet your primary care needs
标准听力（二）听力原文及答案解析
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. W: Can I talk to you f or a minute about the history assignment, Prof essor Smith? I am so conf used about the requi rement s you said in class, and 1 don?t want to
get it wrong anyway.
M: Look, I am in the middle of something right now. Can you give me 15 minutes?
Q: What does the man imply?
【听前预测】选项中的He，is in a meeting/on the telephone等表明，本题考查男士现在的状态。
【解析】选[C]。由男士提到的I am in the middle of something right now可知，男士现在很忙，故答案为[C]。be in the middle of (doing) sth.意为“正在忙着（做）某事”。
12. M: I need to use more than just my math skills f or these questions, but I don?t have a calculator at hand. Shall I go and buy one?
W: Actual ly, I?ve got two. And I?ll let you have one f or the cost of a coff ee.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【听前预测】选项中重复出现的calculator和coff ee表明，对话与计算器和咖啡有关。根据结构复杂、信息含量大的选项往往为答案的命题规律，[D]为答案的可能性大。
【解析】选[D]。由女士提到的I?ve got two. I?ll let you have one f or the cost o f a coffee可知，如果男士给她买一杯咖啡，她就把一个计算器送给男士了，故答案为[D]。
13. M: I think you?d better f ind another person to be your badminton partner. I love the game, but I just don?t think I am improving.
W: Look, Jack, it?s still too early to give up. I don?t expect you to be a superstar. Just keep practicing and you surely can see the result.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
【听前预测】选项均以原形动词开头表明，本题考查观点建议。
【解析】选[B]。由女士提到的…too early to give up…keep practicing…can see the result可知，女士建议男士不要放弃，应坚持练习，故答案为[B]。
14. M: Weren?t you going to conf irm your booking at the hotel?
W: Y ou?re right. I?d better call them right now, as they always get quite busy at this time of the year. Linda had a big problem last time just because she hadn?t conf irmed the booking.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
【听前预测】选项中重复出现的the hotel，conf irm the booking以及Call the hotel，Ask Linda/the man to等表明，对话与跟饭店确认房间的预订有关，听音时留意谁去确认。
【解析】选[B]。对话中男士问Weren?t you going to conf irm your booking…，女士回答Y ou?re right. I?d better call them right now，由此可知，女士将给饭店打电话确认预订，故答案为[B]。
15. M: Hey, why not take one of my name cards? It?ll be more convenient f or you if you want to contact me later on.
W: Thank you. I wish I?d had some name cards like yours. Then I wouldn?t have to write my name and tel ephone number down every time when I meet with some new f ri ends.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【听前预测】选项中的She used to have，gives，should have以及重复出现的name cards表明，本题可能考查女士是否拥有和使用名片。
【解析】选[D]。由女士提到的I wish I?d had some name cards like yours可知，女士认为她也应该准备一些名片，故答案为[D]。
16. M: There will be lots of group projects f or this semester. Have you chosen the gr oup that you?ll be working with?
I?m in Group C. How about you?
W: Lucky you. Well, I?m in Group B, and I can see already that trouble is on its way.
Q: What can be inf erred about the woman?
【听前预测】根据意思相反的两个选项中有一个可能是答案的命题规律，将答案锁定在[C]和[D]之间。
【解析】选[D]。由女士提到的I?m in Group B, and I can see already that trouble is on its way（我在B组，我已经预见到要有麻烦了）可知，女士对与B组成员一起工作感到悲观，故答案为[D]。
17. M: Excuse me. About the computers, do I have to book in advance f or them?
W: Y es, it?s advisable. Most people tend to book 24 hours in advance, although sometimes you can get one with only 6 hours? notice. However, the earliest you can book a computer is 48 hours bef ore you need it.
Q: What can we learn f rom the conversation?
【听前预测】选项中重复出现的reserve a computer以及48 hours in advance，Six hours ahead of time等表明，对话涉及预订电脑的时间。
【解析】选[C]。对话中女士提到the earliest you can book a computer is 48 hours bef ore you need it，[C]正是对此的同义转述，故为答案。由女士提到
的“有时提前六个小时也能预订到电脑”可推知，提前六个小时预订不一定能预订到电脑，故排除[D]。
18. W: So do you run these tours of ten?
M: Well, it depends on the time of the year. Of course, in peak times like the summer holidays we do them every weekend, but at the moment it?s usually once
a month at most.
Q: What can we learn f rom the conversation?
【听前预测】选项中重复出现的travel以及of f-season，best time，busy等表明，对话可能与旅游的时间有关。
【解析】选[B]。由男士提到的in peak times…we do them every weekend, but at the moment it?s usually once a month at most（……高峰期……每个周末都会组织，但现在通常是每月最多一次）可知，现在是旅游市场的淡季，故答案为[B]。off-season意为“淡季”。
Now you will hear the two long conversations.
Conversation One
M: I?ve just brought your ladder back, Mrs. Fielding. Thanks f or lending it to me. Where shall I leave it?
W: Just lean it against the wall there. How are you settling down in the new house?
M: Oh, f ine, thanks. All the neighbours have been very kind. We think we?ll be very happy here.
W: I?m sure you?ll soon f eel at home. Use the ladder again any time.
M: Thanks… Er… Do you mind if I borrow one of your drills?
W: There are all my drills. Which one do you want?
M: Any one will do. I only want to drill some holes in the wall to put up some shelves.
W: Well, take the electric one. It bores holes through anything.
M: How does it work? I don?t want to ruin it.
W: It?s child?s play. Anyone can use it. Y ou just plug it in and press this switch; release the switch and it stops again.
M: I?ll need some long screws as well. They?re out of stock at Smith?s hardware stores. Do you know where I can buy some?
W: Try Thorn e?s in Paul Street; Y ou can usually f ind anything you want there… Hang on a minute though; I?ve got lots of screws in that tin there. Help yoursel f i f there is any the right size.
M: That?s very generous of you, Mrs. Fielding. Thank you very much.
W: Y ou?re welcome, Mr. Williams. Always glad to oblige a neighbour.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What can we learn about t he man from the conversation?
【解析】选[C]。选项均为与He有关的完整句子表明，本题考查与He有关的事实状况。对话中女士问男士How are you settling down in the new house? 男士回答说很好，所有的邻居都十分友善，由此可知，男士刚搬来不久，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】settle dow n在此处表示“安顿”。
20. Why does the man borrow the drill?
【解析】选[B]。选项均以To drill some holes开头以及其中的put up the shelves/hang the cupboard等表明，本题考查钻孔的目的。对话中男士向女士借钻孔机，说他想在墙上钻一些孔，装一些架子，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】男士提到的put up在此表示“搭建，建造”。
21. Where could the man buy the long screws according to the woman?
【解析】选[B]。选项表明，本题考查地点场所，听音时应留意与地点有关的信息。对话中男士提到他还需要一些长的螺丝，但是Smith?s hardware stores 没货了，问女士是否知道他在那里能买到一些，女士建议他去Thorne?s in Paul Street看看，由此可知，答案为[C]。
【点睛】男士提到的out of stock表示“售完，缺货，无存货”。
Conversation Two
W: Dr. Anderson, could you please clari f y the requirements f or this course? Some of us are a little bit conf used about the f inal examination.
M: Oh? Well, you have two options in this course. Y ou can either take a f inal examination or you can write a research paper i nstead.
W: Excuse me, Dr. Anderson. That?s the point I need you to clari f y. What kind of r esearch paper do you have in mind? A study? A report? A book review, perhaps? M: A report. A summary really based upon current research in the f ield.
W: How long should the report be?
M: Length is really not important. I should think that it would take at least ten pages in order to develop the topic, however.
W: And should we check the topic with you bef ore we begin writing?
M: Y ou may, if you wish. But the only requirement is that it relates to current trends in the United States? f oreign policy. Are you considering writing a paper, Jane? W: I?m not sure. I think that I?d like to know a little bit more about the examination.
M: All right. One hundred multiple-choice questions covering both the lectures and the outside readings.
W: Didn?t you say you w ould give us one hour f or the examination?
M: Y es, I did.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What are the requirements for Dr. Anderson?s course?
【解析】选[B]。选项中重复出现的Both，f inal examination，term paper，either等表明，本题可能与课程结业的条件有关。对话中男士（即Dr. Anderson）说他的这门课有两个选择，参加期末考试（take a f inal examination）或是写一篇研究论文（write a research paper），故答案为[B]。
【点睛】either...or并列处为常考点，是听音的重点。
23. What kind of research paper has Dr. Anderson assigned?
【解析】选[A]。选项中的report，review，ten-page composition等表明，本题可能与课程作业或考试内容有关。对话中女士问Dr. Anderson需要写什么类型的论文，Dr. Anderson回答说A report，故答案为[A]。
24. Which course does Dr. Anderson most probably teach?
【解析】选[B]。选项表明，本题考查课程名称。对话中男士用But转折提到，唯一的要求就是报告与美国外交政策的当前趋势有关，由此可推知，Dr. Anderson很可能是教国际关系课程的，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】But转折处为常考点，听音时应留意。
25. What kind of e xamination has Dr. Anderson prepared?
【解析】选[B]。选项均为某种类型的考试表明，本题考查考试类型。对话中女士问Dr. Anderson有关考试的情况，Dr. Anderson回答说有一百道涉及课本知识和课外读物的多项选择题，由此可知，这是一次客观题考试，故答案为[B]。
Section B
Passage One
Port Glasgow, situated on a deep river near the sea, is a place where ships have been built f or many years. One of the earliest steam ships ever made was built in Port Glasgow in 1812. James Watt, who invented the steam engine, was born in Greenock —a town next to Port Glasgow on the river Clyde. One of the steam engines built by Watt was used to pump water out of the river. This steam engine gave Henry Bell, a local engineer, the idea of using steam to drive a ship. The ship that he built was called the …Comet?. Although it was only a small ship, it was the f irst step towards the huge ship s constructed in Port Glasgow today. In 1962, the citizens of Port Glasgow decided they would celebra te the one hundred and f i f tieth anniversary of the building of the …Comet?. Every one interested was given an opportunity to join in the celebration. The schools, youth organizations and churches agreed they would organize a grand parade to commemorate the day. It was decided that a new ship, looking exactly like the f irst …Comet?, would be built. On the day of the cel ebrations, Satur day the 1st of September, 1962, the new …Comets? would be launched and would make a voyage repeating the original voyage made by the f irst …Comets? in 1812. The town councilors and some other important people invited to sail on this voyage were asked to wear clothes to look like people living at the beginning of the last century.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
26. What did the ship “Comet” use to propel itself?
【解析】选[C]。选项中的Coals，Steam，Electricity等表明，本题可能与能源有关。短文中提到，瓦特发明的蒸汽机使得当地的工程师Henry Bell萌生利用蒸汽驱动船只的想法（gave…the idea of using steam to drive a ship），这艘由他建造的船取名为Comet，由此可知，Comet是利用蒸汽来驱动的，故答案为[C]。
27. When was t he ship “Comet” built?
【解析】选[A]。选项表明，本题考查时间，听音时应留意与选项中年份相关的信息。短文中提到，1962年格拉斯哥港的市民决定要庆祝建造Comet一百五十周年的纪念日，由此可推断出，Comet是在1812年建造的。
【点睛】本题需要经过简单计算得出答案。
28. What can we learn about t he anniversary of the building of the …Comet??
【解析】选[C]。选项中的celebrate/commemorate the day，wear，make，join等表明，本题可能与庆祝当天发生的事情有关。短文结尾处提到，在庆祝当天，一艘新建的Comet会下水出海并且会重走Come t在1812年航行的路线，[C]正是对此的同义转述，故为答案。
Passage Two
Speaking at the Sustainable Development conf erence in London, Britain?s chief scientif i c advisor warns that under the backdrop of a growing global population, the world will f ace a “perf ect storm” of threats as f ood, water and energy shortages combine to impact society by the year 2030. Dr. John Beddington says in just more than 20 years, the world?s population will reach 8.3 billion. In and of itself, that means needs will be greater in the f uture. As th is happens, Britain?s chief scienti f ic advisor warns that resources will be under increased pressure and climate change will also come into play, exacerbating problems. “There is an increase in the demand f or f ood. That is going to be up by about 50 percent by 2030,” Dr. Beddington said. “The increas e in demand f or energy is going to be up by a similar amount and the demand f or f resh water, which is really very important, is going to be up by something like 30 or 40 percent.”
Professor Beddington says now that oil prices have dropped again, domestic and international pressure to deal with energy iss ues that we will have to conf ront in the f uture may well decline. But he underlines it is absolutely necessary to develop green solutions to lessen the impact that climate change will inevitably bring. The U.N. Environment Program predicts the amount of f resh water available will drop off sha rply in parts of Africa, Asia and Europe by the year 2025. If little is done in the coming years, Beddington says the “perfect storm” of threats will increase the likelihood of u nrest, conf lict and mass migration in various parts of the world.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
29. What is the passage mainly about?
【解析】选[B]。选项均为名词性短语且概括性强表明，本题可能考查短文主题。短文开头提到，英国的首席科学顾问指出，在世界人口增长的大背景下，世界将会面临来自食品、水源和能源危机综合影响下的全面威胁，接下来文章便围绕这几项资源危机而展开，由此可知，短文主要讲述了将在2030年到来的资源危机，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】短文的主旨一般在短文的开始或结尾有所提及，听音时应注意。
30. What will the world?s population be in about 20 years, according to Dr. John Beddington?
【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题与数字有关，听音时应留意与选项中数字相关的信息。短文中提到，John Beddington博士说20多年之后，世界人口将会达到8.3 billion，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】数字处为常考点，是听音的重点。
31. Why does Professor Beddington suggest developing green solutions?
【解析】选[D]。选项均以“To+原形动词”开头表明，本题考查原因或目的。短文中用But转折提到，Beddington教授强调说现在十分有必要develop green solutions，以减轻气候变化带来的不可避免的影响，故答案为[D]。
【点睛】But转折处为常考点，听音时应留意。
Passage Three
Astronomers have discovered a potentially habitable planet of similar size to Earth in orbit around a nearby star. A team of planet hunters spotted the alien world circling a red dwarf star called Gliese 581, 20 light years away. The planet is in the “Goldilocks zone” of space around a star where surface temperatures are neither too hot nor too cold f or liquid water to f orm. If conf i rmed, the planet would be the most Earth-like that has ever been discovered in another solar system and
the f irst strong contender f or a habitable one. More than 400 exoplanets have been discovered by astronomers, but most are gas giants, like Jupiter, that would be inhospitable to lif e as we know it. Astronomers used the Keck telescope in Hawaii to study the movement of Gliese 581 in exquisite detail and f rom their observations inferred the presence of a number of orbiting planets. The team report two new planets in the Astrophysical Journal, bringing the total number known to be circling the star to six. One of the planets, named Gliese 581g, has a mass of three to f our times that of Earth and takes 37 days to orbit the star. Astronomers believe it is a rocky planet with enough gravity to retain an atmosphere. Unlike the previously discovered planets, Gliese 581g lies squarely in the region of space where li f e can thrive. One side of the planet is always f acing the star, much as one side of the moon constantly f aces Earth. The average temperature on the planet is estimated to be between -31 to -12℃, but the ground temperature would vary f rom blazing hot on the bright side and f reezing on the dark side.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
32. What can we learn about Gliese 581?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的It，bigger than Earth，20 light years away等表明，It可能指代某一星球，本题考查该星球的相关情况。短文中提到，一个探索星球的团队发现了一个围绕红矮星运动的行星，起名为Gliese 581，距离地球20光年，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】light year意为“光年”。
33. How many planets are circling Gliese 581 so far as we know?
【解析】选[D]。选项表明，本题与数字有关，听音时应留意与数字相关的信息。短文中提到，这个团队最近在《天体物理学杂志》公布了两个新的天体，这就将围绕Gliese 581运动的行星增加至6个，由此可知，答案为[D]。
【点睛】数字处为常考点，听音时应留意。
34. What do astronomers think of the planet Gliese 581g?
【解析】选[D]。选项中的It，identical...to Earth，orbit the star，has...gravity等表明，It指代某个星球，本题考查该星球的情况。短文中提到，天文学家相信Gliese 581g行星是一颗岩态行星，其重力足以形成大气层，[D]是该行星的特点之一，故为答案。
【点睛】根据短文中提到的...Gliese 581g, has a mass of three to f our times that of Earth and takes 37 days to orbit the star可排除[B]和[C]。
35. In what aspect does Gliese 581g resemble the moon?
【解析】选[C]。[C]项内容表明，It指代Gliese 581g，再根据选项中的couldn?t give out light，similar size to the moon等可推断出，本题考查该星球的情况。短文结尾处提到，行星Gliese 581g的一面总是面对着红矮星Gliese 581，就像月亮总是有一面对着地球一样，由此可知，答案为[C]。
Section C
36.【解析】function。空前的形容词cognitive表明，本空应填一名词。
37.【解析】experience。空前的不定式符号to表明，本空应填一原形动词。下一段末句提到的...more men experiencing...cognitive decline对本题有很强的
提示作用。
38.【解析】counterparts。空前的形容词female表明，本空应填一名词。
39.【解析】elderly。空后的名词men and women表明，本空应填一名词或形容词作定语。
40.【解析】signs。空前的介词f or及空后的介词of表明，本空应填一名词。
41.【解析】memory。空后的并列连词or表明，本空应填一与thinking并列的名词。
42.【解析】aging。空前的形容词normal表明，本空应填一名词。
43.【解析】forms。空前的形容词other和空后的介词of表明，本空应填一名词。
44.【答案】understanding how MCI develops and how it aff ects the population is integral to early detection of dementia and Alzheimer?s
【Main Points】knowing how MCI develops and how it inf luences the population is integral to early det ection of dementia and Alzheimer?s
45.【答案】Although past research shows that women are more likely to suf f er f rom Alzheimer?s in their lif etime
【Main Points】Though previous research shows that women are more likely to suf fer f rom Alzheimer?s during their li f e
46.【答案】19 percent of men had MCI whereas only 14 percent of women did
【Main Points】19% of men had MCI while only 14% of women did
标准听力（三）听力原文及答案解析
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. M: I guess we?ll have a hot summer again.
W: I know. Last summer was mild. Do you remember our f irst summer here? The temperature stayed about 100 degrees Fahrenheit f or ten straight days. There wasn?t a breeze anywhere.
Q: What does the woman say about their f irst summer?
【听前预测】选项均以It was开头，由其中的mild，humid，hot，cool可知，本题考查天气情况。
【解析】选[C]。对话中女士提到…our f irst summer here…100 degrees Fahrenheit f or ten straight days. There wasn?t a breeze anywhere（……我们在这里度过的第一个夏天……连续十天温度保持在华氏100度。哪儿都没有一丝风），即他们在这里度过的第一个夏天的天气很热，故答案为[C]。ten straight days意为“连续10天”；[A]是Last summer的天气情况，听清问题即可排除。
12. M: Generally speaking, the program went very well. We can?t go into much detail in half an hour.
W: It would have been better i f George hadn?t talked so much! But the audience came up with some great comments.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【听前预测】选项中的program...too short，audience...too noisy，host...inexperienced等表明，对话与对某个节目的评价有关。
【解析】选[A]。由女士用虚拟语气提到的It would have been better i f George hadn?t talked so much（如果George不说那么多就更好了）可知，女士认为George这位嘉宾讲话的时间太长了，故答案为[A]。
13. W: Oh, Jack. Y ou?re so f ormally dressed today, a black jacket, a white shirt and a red tie. Are you going to take a picture?
M: No, this is my f irst day in the new section of the company and I have to see my new boss today.
Q: What is Jack going to do today?
【听前预测】选项均“To + do”开头以及其中的see his…等表明，本题考查男士将来的行为动作，男士的话为听音重点。
【解析】选[C]。由男士提到的…my f irst day in the new section…have to see my new boss today可知，Jack今天要去见这个新部门的上司，故答案为[C]。
14. W: Did your pictures of the night view come out like what you expected?
M: Actually, I ran out of f ilm bef ore I could even begin. I didn?t realize I?d f inished the whole roll.
Q: What can we learn f rom the conversation?
【听前预测】选项中的The man，camera，The woman，good pictures，ran out of f ilm表明，本题考查男士或女士的拍照情况。
【解析】选[C]。对话中男士提到，I ran out of f ilm bef ore I could even begin（开始拍之前胶卷就已经用完了），即男士没有拍到一张夜景照片，故答案为[C]。roll在此为名词，意为“胶卷”。
15. M: There is a change in the f light schedule, so we will get to the airport at 8 o?clock in the morning instead of 2 o?clock in the af te rnoon. Does John know about
this?
W: He was here just now and got a new schedule.
Q: What can we learn about John f rom the conversation?
【听前预测】选项中的He didn?t know/probably knows，change of the schedul e，to the airport等表明，对话可能涉及He知不知道去机场的时间变更。【解析】选[D]。由女士提到的He was here just now and got a new schedule可知，John可能知道时间变更了，故答案为[D]。
16. M: I?m going to the museum Sunday af ternoon. There is a new exhibition of art f rom France and England. Do you want to go with me?
W: I?d like to. But my best f riend is g etting married in the Pacif ic Hotel and I wouldn?t miss it f or anything.
Q: What is the woman going to do this Sunday af ternoon?
【听前预测】选项均以原形动词开头且表示不同的动作表明，本题可能考查将来的行为动作。
【解析】选[C]。对话中女士提到…my best f riend is getting married…and I wouldn?t miss it f o r anything（……我最好的朋友要结婚……我是绝对不会错过的），即女士将去参加结婚典礼，故答案为[C]。
17. M: Congratulations! I heard that your debating team has reached the f inal. What an achievement! Y ou must have spent a lot of eff orts on it. I am so proud of you
guys!
W: Thank you! And now we are all working still harder to prepare f or the f inal.
Q: What can we learn about the debating team from the conversation?
【听前预测】选项中的It，f ailed，couldn?t reach，won及重复出现的the f inal表明，本题考查It在决赛中的表现情况，It可能指的是某个参赛队伍。【解析】选[D]。由女士提到的we are all working still harder to prepare f or the f inal可知，女士的辩论队正在努力准备决赛，故答案为[D]。
18. W: Come to my house if you can be there bef ore 11 o?clock, Mike. Otherwise, I won?t be able to see you until tomorrow.
M: The library closes at 10 tonight, Susan, so you can expect me to come by right af ter that.
Q: What do we learn about the speakers?
【听前预测】选项均为与They有关的完整句子表明，本题考查与They有关的事实状况。
【解析】选[C]。由对话中女士提到Come to my house…bef ore 11 o?clock以及男士提到的The library closes at 10 tonight…you can expect me to come by right af ter that可知，男士将在图书馆10点关门后去女士家，11点前能见到女士，故答案为[C]。
Now you will hear the two long conversations.
Conversation One
W: How have your two sons been doing at school lately, Andy?
M: Terrible! James never starts working, and Malcolm never stops working.
W: I hear that Malcolm is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year.
M: Y es, so his teachers say. But he deserves to do well. He?s always been so conscientious and, he?s been slaving at his books every evening f or months on end recently. He wants to go to Oxf ord University next year.
W: Maybe he?ll become a university lecturer himsel f eventually.
M: Maybe. But I think he studies too hard; I sometimes wish he?d go out and enjoy himself f or a change.
W: Y es… What about the younger one?
M: Well, James? teachers say that he has ability, but that he?s too inconsistent and that he rarely does his best. In other words, he?s not bad when he makes an eff ort,
b ut he?s too idle. He couldn?t care less about exams. He does his homework in ten minutes every evening and then rushes out to play tennis.
W: He?s crazy about tennis, isn?t he? Perhaps he can make his f ortune at it. Y ou can make more money f rom sport than from an old-fashioned prof ession these days. M: So I believe. But my wif e always worries about the children?s f uture. She wants James to give up tennis and study law, but I don?t believe in f orcing boys to take up careers they?re not cut out f or. I wonder how James will develop in a couple of years? time!
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. Why does Malcolm study so hard?
【解析】选[C]。选项均以He wants to开头表明，本题考查He的计划或打算。男士说Malcolm总是很勤奋，最近几个月每天晚上都与书本为伴，他想明年去牛津大学读书，由此可知，答案为[C]。
20. What is James? problem in his study?
【解析】选[C]。选项中的He，too young to catch up，not intelligent，pays…little attention等表明，本题可能与He成绩不理想的原因有关。男士说老师认为James有能力，但总是不能坚持，换句话说就是，他如果努力学习，成绩不会这么糟，但他就是很懒惰。而对于考试，James也很无所谓，每天用十分钟写完作业后就跑去打网球了，由此可知，James在学习上投入的精力太少，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】本题需要根据对话中男士对James的描述进行推断。
21. What is the man?s attitude towards James? future?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的He wants，James，f ollow his f ootsteps，stop...playing tennis等表明，本题可能考查男士对James的将来的打算。男士说他的妻子想让James放弃网球，学习法律，但他不认同强行让孩子尝试他本不擅长的行业，由此可推断出，男士不会强迫Jam es去学习他不擅长的东西，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】but转折处为常考点，听音时应留意。be cut out f or sth.表示“有（做）某事所需要的素质和才能”。
Conversation Two
M: Excuse me. I wonder if you could help me.
W: What can I do f or you?
M: Well, I?m working on a term paper about the inf luence of television on American presidential elections.
W: Have you ever been to the main library?
M: Y es, I?ve f ound a few useful books there, but the librarian at the main library suggested that the library here at the graduate school has more specialized materials.
W: Okay. It depends on what you want. We do subscribe to a large number of journals. Since you?re working on such a broad topic you?ll probably have to do a lot of digging.
M: Do you think I can get something relevant here?
W: It may take some time, but you?ll be able to f ind many articles relevant to your topic. We also have quite a f ew newspaper s on microf ilm.
M: I think I?ve come to the right place. How can I f ind out which journals you have?
W: There?s a list of all of them. But if you want to search by author or by subject you can use one of the computers over the re. Everything we have is in there.
M: What if I run across a ref erence to a research study that isn?t available here?
W: Y ou can request any outside materials just by typing your request into the computer.
M: Y ou mean I can get materials f rom other universities?
W: Not only f rom other universities, but f rom virtually any public or private library in the United States. The only limitation is that outside materials cannot be checked out.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What is the topic of the man?s ter m paper?
【解析】选[D]。选项中重复出现的American presidents，television表明，本题与美国总统和电视有关。对话开头男士提到自己正在写一篇关于the inf luence of television on American presidential elections的term paper，由此可知，答案为[D]，其中的effect与inf luence对应。
23. Why did the man come to the graduate school library?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的He wants to，There，more...materials，larger volume of books等表明，本题可能与男士去There的原因有关。女士问男士是否已经去过主图书馆，男士说他在那里找到了一些有用的书，但那里的图书管理员建议说，研究生院的图书馆有更专业的资料，由此可知，男士来研究生院图书馆是为了查找more specialized materi als，故答案为[B]。
24. What does the librarian say about the topic of the man?s term paper?
【解析】选[A]。选项中的It，too obscure，should make a change等表明，本题查考对It的看法。女士说她们这里的确订阅了大量的期刊，但由于男士所研究的论题很广，所以可能需要查阅很多资料，言外之意就是男士需要做很多工作，故答案为[A]。
【点睛】Since表原因处常设为考点，听音时应留意。
25. How can the man refer to materials from other libraries?
【解析】选[B]。选项均为“By+现在分词”开头表明，本题考查做某事的方式。对话最后，男士问如果他需要查阅的资料这里没有怎么办，女士说他可以在电脑上输入对资料的要求，就可以获得所有外部资料的信息，由此可知，答案为[B]。
Section B
Passage One
At lunch time, and sometimes at other times in the day, people in the UK of ten eat a …sandwich?. This consists of two pieces of bread and a f illing.
However, there are literally hundreds of diff erent types of sandwiches, and each variation has its own f lavour. Some of the m ost popular and f amous sandwiches in the UK are: B LT, Ploughman?s, Tuna, and Egg sandwiches. Sandwiches of all varieties are extremely popular, and quick and easy to eat. In f act, British people eat 2.8 billion each year—not bad f or a population of only 60 million people!
In 1762 the f i rst written record of the word …sandwich? appeared in the diary of the English author Edward Gibbons, who remembered seeing the wealthiest elite in the country eating …a bit of cold meat? between pieces of bread. Gibbons did not think this was very appropriate beh aviour f or such men!
The snack was named af ter the Fourth Earl of Sandwich. Sandwich was a f requent gambler, and was so addicted to gambling that he would of ten refuse to stop even to eat meals. To avoid having to stop gambling, the Earl of Sandwich asked the cooks at his gambling club to prepare him a meal consisting of beef between two slices of bread, so that he always had one hand f ree to play cards and gamble, and his hands wouldn?t become dirt y f rom the meat.
When other men saw what he was eating, they began t o order …the same as Sandwich!?, and so the sandwich was born — beginning as a snack f or some of the wealthiest men in England! It quickly became popular and widespread as a quick and easy f ood to eat.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
26. What is the passage mainly about?
【解析】选[C]。选项均为与sandwich(es)有关的名词短语且概括性强表明，本题考查短文主题，该主题应该与三明治有关。短文开头提到英国人非常喜欢吃三明治，接着介绍三明治有很多类型，并举例说明UK一些流行和出名的三明治，随后提到关于三明治的文字记载最早出现在1762年，最后短文详细介绍了三明治及其名字的由来，由此可知，短文主要讲了三明治的起源，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】[A]、[B]、[D]均为短文内容的一部分，不能概况短文主要内容，故排除。
27. How many sandwiches do British people eat each year?
【解析】选[B]。选项表明，本题考查数字，听音时应留意与数字相关的信息。短文中提到，British people eat 2.8 billion each year，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】数字处常设为考点，是听音重点。
28. What can we learn about t he sandwich?
【解析】选[D]。选项中的It was created，primary f orm of hamburger，em erged as a snack等表明，本题与It的起源有关，It可能指三明治。短文结尾处提到，三明治在英国最初是给一些富人当作快餐的，[D]正是对此的同义转述，故为答案。
Passage Two
Y ale University announced on Monday that it was planning to create a liberal arts college in Singapore that would be f inanced entirely by the government there and could, in time, establish a new model f or higher education in Asia. While Y ale has many international programs, it has not put its name on an overseas project the way it envisions doing at the National University of Singapore. The new institution, to be called Y ale-N.U.S. College, would seek to import Y ale?s signature residential college concept —in which students live, study and take classes in an intimate setting —as well as a curriculum that encourages critical thinking and inquiry in the humanities and sciences. But the diplomas would lack the cachet of a f ull Y ale degree; they would be issued by the National University of Singapore. By contrast, New Y ork University?s ambitious new college in Abu Dhabi, also underwritten by the government there, awards N.Y.U. diplomas. Still, Y ale would be largely responsible f or hiring 100 prof essors to teach about 1,000 students at the college, which is scheduled to open in 2013. If Y ale decides to move f orward with a f ull partnership with the Singapore University, it would control hal f of the seats on the college?s governing board and would jointly plan the curriculum and admissions strategy. The college is envisioned as a highly elite school within an already prestigious, yet huge and career-f ocused university. Y ale off i cials said it would draw top students f rom across Asia, where liberal arts programs are rare, and attract even more quali f ied Asi an applicants to the New Haven campus of Y ale by raising the university?s prof ile.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
29. Who will finance Y ale-N.U.S. College according to the passage?
【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题与某一机构有关，听音时应留意与选项中的机构相关的信息。短文开头提到，耶鲁大学周一发表声明称该大学计划在新加坡建一所文理学院，这所学院将完全由当地政府拨款建造，由下文可知，这所学院将取名为Y ale-N.U.S. College，由此可知，这所学院将由新加坡政府出资建造，故答案为[C]。
30. Which of t he following statements is true?
【解析】选[A]。选项中重复出现的Y ale-N.U.S. College表明，本题考查该大学的相关情况。短文中提到，但是（Y ale-N.U.S. College的）毕业文凭不会有耶鲁大学学位的印章，而是由新加坡国立大学颁发，由此可知，答案为[A]。
【点睛】But转折处为常考点，是听音的重点。
31. When is Y ale-N.U.S. College scheduled to open?
【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题考查时间，听音时应留意与选项中各年份相关的信息。短文中提到…the college, which is scheduled to open in 2013，结
合前面的内容可知，the college指的就是Y ale-N.U.S. College，由此可知，该大学预计将在2013年开放，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】时间处常设为考点，听音时应留意。
Passage Three
Each Facebook user has on average 130 f riends and shares 70 bits of personal inf orm ation — including home movies and f amily photos —every month. With 500 million users detailing their moods and passions online, Facebook is more than a social networking site. It?s a glob al phenomenon that?s shaping the way people communicate.
Facebook has hal f a billion users. That?s huge f or a planet of less than 7 billion people.
What grew as the pet project of Mark Zuckerberg, when he was a student at Harvard, has exploded —gaining eight new users ever second f or the past 15 months.
Facebook has changed the way many people communicate — letting its millions of users share personal thoughts and images with their network of friends.
Zuckerberg, Facebook?s CEO, said, “People have really gotten connected, not only sharing more inf ormation and dif f erent kinds but being more open and with more people, a nd that social norm is just something that?s changed over time. ”And people share a lot. Whole lives play out on Facebook. Bi rths, graduations, marriage, even divorce.
Some experts say that sharing too much inf ormation can have downsides — including aff ecting the way prospective employers may evaluat e a job candidate.
Y et, people share personal inf ormation on the site 70 times per month on average.
Inf ormation can easily go viral with the click of a mouse, says Nelson. “Now we have this technology f or th is one community to talk to another community, and all these diff erent conversations happen at the same time. Almost eff ortlessly”, he said.
He says the f uture of social media is mobile. More phones will be able to support Facebook giving even more people access to their online communities from the palm of their hand.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
32. What is Facebook?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的It is，study website，communication tool，recruiting website等表明，It可能是一种网络产品，本题考查其本质。短文开头提到Facebook不仅仅是一个社交网站（a social networking site），它还是影响人们交流方式的一种全球现象，由此可知，Facebook是一种社交工具，故答案为[B]。
33. How many Facebook users are there all over the world?
【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题考查数字，听音时应留意与数字相关的信息。短文提到Facebook has half a billion users，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】数字处常设为考点，是听音的重点。
34. What is one of the downsides of sharing too much information on Facebook, according to some experts?
【解析】选[D]。选项中的It，cause…probl ems，leak…privacy，affect... opportunity等表明，本题考查It的不良影响，听音时注意It指代什么。短文中提到，一些专家称在Facebook上分享太多的信息会产生一些不利的影响，这其中包括影响未来雇主对求职者的评估方式，言外之意就是会影响求职者的就业机会，故答案为[D]。
【点睛】列举处为常考点，听音时应留意。
35. How often do people share information on Facebook on average?
【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题考查某事每月发生的频率。短文中提到，人们平均每月在Facebook网站上分享个人信息70次，故答案为[C]。
Section C
36.【解析】deserve。分析句子结构可知，and后的并列分句中缺少谓语动词，空前all指代前一句中的institutions，结合全文的一般现在时态可知，本
空应填一原形动词。
37.【解析】obligation。空前的no表明，本空应填一名词。
38.【解析】e xistence。空前的介词in表明，本空应填一能与in搭配使用的名词。
39.【解析】financial。空前的不定冠词a以及空后的名词dif f i culty表明，本空应填一形容词。空后提到的rising costs和revenues提示此处可能是说财政
上的困难。
40.【解析】significantly。分析句子结构可知，本句不缺主干成分，故本空应填一副词。
41.【解析】enrollment。空前的定冠词the以及空后的谓语动词goes表明，本空应填一单数可数名词或不可数名词。
42.【解析】management。空前的形容词bad表明，本空应填一名词。
43.【解析】bankrupt。and前的分句说这些企业（指institutions）在每个顾客身上都赔钱，再结合空前的go可推断出，此处可能是说学生太多或太少都
会导致它们破产。
44.【答案】It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about
【Main Points】It is such thriving but threatened colleges that I worry about
45.【答案】Any person can name state universities and colleges that rank as the most excellent in the nation and the world
【Main Points】Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the best in the nation and the world
46.【答案】Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the f orms of education 【Main Points】Diversity in the way we support
schools is likely to give us a healthy diversity in the f orms of education
标准听力（四）听力原文及答案解析
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. W: My goodness! Look at the wind today. I wish I?d taken an extra coat with me.
M: Well, don?t worry. I?ll get y ou an extra one. I just realized that I f orgot to shut of f the stove at home and the soup is still cooking.
Q: What is the man probably going to do f irst?
【听前预测】选项均以He will开头表明，本题考查男士将来的行为动作，男士的话为听音重点。
【解析】选[B]。由男士提到的I?ll get you an extra one. I ju st realized that I f orgot to shut of f the stove at home and the soup is still cooking（我给你再拿一件。我刚想起来忘记关掉家里的炉子了，汤还在熬着）可知，男士将会回家，故答案为[B]。
12. M: I heard that you got an A f or the f inal paper. That?s huge!
W: Y eah, but think about how much work I have been through. And I lay awake f or so many nights, pondering how to structure the whole thing.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【听前预测】根据意思相反的两个选项中有一个可能是答案的命题规律，将答案锁定在[B]和[C]之间。
【解析】选[C]。由女士提到的…how much work I have been through…lay awake…m any nights, pondering how to structure…（……我做了多少工作……很多晚上睡不着，思考如何布局……）可知，女士为期末论文付出了很多努力，故答案为[C]。
13. W: If the weather is this hot, I may go play tennis in the af ternoon. Will you join me?
M: Oh, I?ve got a f eeling it won?t last. I just checked the online f orecast, and it is expected to cloud over by mid-af ternoon today.
Q: What does the man mean?
【听前预测】[B]、[C]、[D]三项均与天气有关，[A]（他一点都不喜欢网球）与其他三项明显不同，故可首先排除。
【解析】选[C]。对话中男士提到，it won?t last...it is expected to cloud over by mid-af ternoon today（这样的天气不会持续……今天下午晚些时候将会多云），即男士认为天气将会变化，故答案为[C]。
14. W: What does the paper say about the hijacking incident?
M: It ended with the death of the three kidnappers. All the passengers and crewmembers landed on their f eet f inally. It was still a huge terror f or most of the passengers.
Q: What do we know about the passengers?
【听前预测】选项中的saf e and sound，survived the incident，no deaths，kidnapped，died等可知，本题可能考查一次事故，且有可能是绑架事件。
【解析】选[A]。对话中男士提到，All the passengers and crewmembers landed on their f eet f inally（所有的乘客和机组成员最终都安全着陆了），[A]
中的landed safe and sound是对男士提到的landed on their f eet的同义转述，故为答案。saf e and sound意为“安然无恙”。
15. M: What a pity it was that you couldn?t come to dinner with us at that new French restaurant yesterday. The f ood was wonderf ul, the atmosphere was warm, and
we all agreed that you should have been there too.
W: I?m sorry, but I just didn?t f eel up to it. I caught a terrible f lu and thought I would be better of f just staying at home.
Q: Why didn?t the woman go to dinner?
【听前预测】选项均为与She有关的完整句子表明，本题考查与She有关的事实状况。
【解析】选[B]。由对话中女士提到的I caught a terrible f lu…be better off just staying at home（我得了流感……最好呆在家里）可知，女士没有去吃晚饭是因为她感觉不舒服，故答案为[B]。f eel up to (doing) sth.表示“认为自己有能力做某事”；be better off doing sth.表示“做……是较为明智的”。
16. M: I?m really exhausted, but I don?t want to miss the f ilm t hat comes on at 11.
W: If I were you, I?d skip it. We both have to get up early tomorrow, and anyway, I?ve heard it isn?t that exciting.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【听前预测】选项均以The man should开头表明，本题考查女士给男士的建议，女士的话为听音重点。
【解析】选[B]。由女士提到的“如果我是你，就不看了。明天我们都得早起，再说了，我听说这部电影不是很令人兴奋。”可知，女士觉得男士应该放弃看电影，故答案为[B]。
17. W: The principal role is a Hollywood movie star. No wonder it?s so popular.
M: Hurry up! The theater won?t show you to your seats if you arrive af ter the curtain goes up.
Q: What can we learn f rom the conversation?
【听前预测】根据结构复杂、信息含量大的选项往往为答案的命题规律，[B]和[D]为答案的可能性大。
【解析】选[D]。对话中女士提到，The principal role is a Hollywood movie star. No wonder it?s so popular（主角是一位好莱坞电影明星。难怪电影这么受欢迎），故答案为[D]，the lead对应the principal role。女士只是对电影的情况进行叙述，不带有主观感情色彩，故排除强干扰项[C]。
18. W: Y ou?re not going to try to do those dishes bef ore we leave. If we don?t pick up Cathy and George in 30 minutes, we?ll never get to the movies on time.
M: I just don?t want to leave a messy kitchen. I think 5 minutes is OK.
Q: Why did the man want to do the dishes?
【听前预测】选项均以He开头，其中重复出现的want(ed)表明，本题可能考查He的想法或意图。
【解析】选[A]。对话中男士提到，I just don?t want to leave a messy kitchen（我只是不想让厨房乱七八糟的），即男士想让厨房整洁，故答案为[A]。messy意为“乱七八糟的”。
Now you will hear the two long conversations.
Conversation One
W: What did you think of the game, Bill?
M: Dreadf ul! It was neither exciting nor skilf ul.
W: I agree with you. Of course the weather didn?t help. They?d hardly kicked off when it started to pelt with rain. Our te am is useless in the mud, and they were off
f orm anyway.
M: Some of our team can?t play f ootball in either wet or dry conditions, and I?ve never seen them on f orm. I can?t help laugh ing when I watch old Ford. Every time he gets the ball he either f alls ov er or passes it to the opposition. I can?t make out why they pick him.
W: He?s too old really. He?d already been playing in the team f or about ten years when I became a supporter and that was eigh t years ago.
M: Evans isn?t much better. He?s not only too slow, but he?s scared to tackle as well.
W: Y es, he?s always afraid of getting injured. Neither Ford nor Evans is up to it. We need two new defenders and a new f orwar d too.
M: But the management is too mean to spend money either on new players or on improving the ground.
W: Y es, that?s true. The pitch is a disgrace. It isn?t f lat and the drains don?t work. Every time it rains the pitch is cover ed with great puddles of wat er.
M: What we need is not only new players but a new manager and a new pitch as well. Then perhaps we could win promotion to the Third Division.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What are the two speakers doing?
【解析】选[D]。选项均以现在分词开头以及重复出现的f ootball game表明，本题考查正在进行的与足球比赛有关的行为活动。对话一开始，女士便问男士觉得这场足球赛怎么样(What did you think of the game)，男士回答说很糟糕，既不激动人心，也无任何技术可言，接着他们讨论了比赛时的不利因素、球员及管理等问题，由此可知，他们正在讨论一场他们看过的足球赛，故答案为[D]。
20. What does the man think of Evans?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的He，too old/slow，excellent，careless等表明，本题考查对He的看法。对话中男士说Evans也好不到哪去，他不仅速度太慢（too slow），而且还不敢抢球（scared to tackle），[B]为男士对他评价的一方面，故为答案。
【点睛】not only...but also并列处为常考点，是听音重点。
21. What?s wrong with the football ground?
【解析】选[C]。选项中的It，slippery，uneven等表明，本题考查对It的看法，听音时注意It指代什么。对话中女士提到，The pitch is a disgrace. It isn?t f l at and the drains don?t work.（球场也很丢脸，地面不平而且排水系统也出故障了），由此可知，答案为[C]，其中的uneven与isn?t f lat对应。
【点睛】女士提到每次下雨，the pitch都会被great puddles of water覆盖，[D]缺少前提条件Every time it rains，故排除。
Conversation Two
W: What?s your address, sir?
M: 4627 No rth Ellis Street. That?s here in town.
W: That?s a nice neighborhood. How do you like it?
M: The neighborhood is f ine, but we don?t like the rent very much.
W: Who does! Just a f ew more questions, Mr. Crosby. How many people will be included in the coverage?
M: Just me and my wif e. What do we do when we want to renew it next year?
W: Just stop by here again next year and let us know. For details on your coverage you can look through our brochure. The pol icy includes major hospital expenses and doctors? f e es f or both you and your wif e. By the way, sir, I need your I. D. number. And the name of your department.
M: Well, I?m af raid I don?t have one yet.
W: Don?t have what?
M: A department. Y ou see, I haven?t . . . uh… decided yet what department will accept me.
W: I see. Then, what is your status? Y ou have to be a registered student to get health insurance.
M: Well, I?m almost registered. I?m sure it?s just a matter of two or three days now.
W: Mr. Crosby, I think you?d better wait a couple of days until you get registered. Then come back and complete your application.
M: But what if I get sick today?
W: I?m af raid there?s nothing we can do now. Here. Take a couple of aspirin and hope f or the best.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What are they mainly talking about?
【解析】选[C]。选项均为名词短语且概括性较强表明，本题可能考查对话主题。对话中女士首先问男士他的保险额（coverage）涵盖几个人，然后女士介绍说保险单（policy）包括男士及其妻子在大型医院的花费和付给医生的小费，对话结尾处女士又说男士必须是注册的学生才可以上健康保险（get health insurance），由此可知，他们主要谈论的是保险，故答案为[C]。
【点睛】对话的主题可以根据对话中的关键信息进行推断。
23. What?s the man discontented with about the place where he lives now?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的neighborhood，rent，decoration等表明，本题可能考查与住房相关的情况。对话中女士说男士住的地区非常不错，并问男士感觉怎么样，男士回答说周边环境很好，随后用but转折提到他们非常不喜欢the rent，由此可知，男士对租金不满意，故答案为[B]。
【点睛】but转折处为常考点，是听音重点。
24. How many people will be included in the man?s covera ge?
【解析】选[B]。选项表明，本题与数字有关，故听音时应留意与数字相关的信息，做好笔记。对话中女士问男士他的保险额（coverage）涵盖几个人，男士回答说就是他和他的妻子，也就是两个人，故答案为[B]。
25. Why couldn?t the man complete his application today?
【解析】选[C]。选项中的He doesn?t have/isn?t... registered等表明，本题可能是与男士遇到的问题有关。对话中女士说男士必须是a registered student才可以上健康保险，男士则说他马上就注册了，也就是两三天的时间，女士则建议男士最好等几天，注册完之后再来完成申请，由此可知，男士今天不能完成申请是因为他还不是a registered student，故答案为[C]。
Section B
Passage One
There is one f oreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others and its popularity has caused an uneasy f eeling among many J apanese. That product is f oreign words. Gairaigo, words that come f rom outside, have been part of the Japanese language f or centuri es. Mostly borrowed f rom English and Chinese, these terms are of t en changed into f orms no longer understood by native speakers. But in the last f ew years the trickle of f oreign words has become a f lood, and people fear the increasing use of f oreign words is making it hard f or the Japanese to understand each other and could lead to many people f orgetting the good qualities of traditional Japanese. The popularity of f oreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new. By using a f oreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easier f or the media to pick up. Experts of ten study abroad and use English terms when they speak with people in their own f i elds. Those terms are then included in government white papers. Foreign words f ind their way easily into announcements made to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese. Against the f low of new words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. Sait o?s Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many l anguage books that are now f lying off booksellers? shelves. “We were expecting to sell the books to young people,” said the writer. “But it turns out they are more popular with the older generation, who seem uneasy about the f uture of Japanese.”
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have j ust heard.
26. What has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese, according to the passage?
【解析】选[B]。选项中的overf lowing of f oreign products，abandon of traditional life，lost of Japanese spirits等表明，本题可能与日本面临的问题有关。短文开头提到，有一种外国产品，日本人购买的频率高于其他产品，这种产品的流行让很多日本人感到不安，这种产品就是外来词汇，由此可知，答案为[B]。
27. What are Japanese people worried about?
【解析】选[A]。选项中的have diff iculty，too traditional to catch up，become harder等表明，本题可能与遇到的困难或问题有关。短文中提到，日本人担心，越来越多的使用外来词语会使他们之间的交流理解变得困难，还会导致许多日本人忘记其传统的优良品质，[A]是日本人担心的一方面，故为答案。【点睛】问题中的worried about是对短文中提到的f ear的同义转述。
28. What does Saito say about his book Japanese to Be Read Aloud?
【解析】选[C]。It，popular，one of the best sellers等表明，It应该指一本书，本题可能与对它的评价有关。《大声读日语》的作者Saito说他本来期望这本书的读者是年轻人，但事实表明这本书更受年长者的欢迎，Saito话中的it turns out表明了他的意外，故答案为[C]。
Passage Two
An Internet library aimed to be accessible to surf ers around the world is now on line, with its f ormal inauguration in Paris on Tuesday. This is the latest in growing international eff orts to digitalize our cultural heritage.
Known as the World Digital Library —and accessible at https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a15387153.html, — the project is the f ruit of contributions f rom libraries and institutions f rom 19 countries. It was developed by the Library of Congress in Washington — with the help of the Alexandria Library in Egypt. It was launched at the Paris headquarters of the United Nations Educational, Scientif ic and Cultural Organization. This is not the f irst international digital inf ormation project. Google launched a book project in 2004 and the European Union launched its own world digital library, last November. What will the new UNESCO library off er? A treasure trove of books, maps, manuscripts and f ilms f rom around the world, in seven different languages — with additional materi al in other languages. It aims to bridge a cultural divide not only by of fering people in poorer countries the same access to knowledge as those in richer ones —but also by making available the cultural heritage of non-Western nations. “Libraries have already been centers f or inf ormation and knowledge,” UNESCO?s assistant director general f or communication and
《人力资源管理》试卷及答案 一、填空题（每空1分，共10分） 1、人所具有的对价值创造起贡献作用，并且能够被组织所利用的体力和脑力的总和即人力 资源。 2、企业是指集中各种资源，通过有效的方式加以整合和利用，从而实现自身利益并满足利 益相关者要求的组织。 3、管理就是在特定的环境下，对组织所拥有的各种资源进行计划、组织、领导和控制，保 证以有效的方式实现组织既定目标的过程。 4、人力资源管理的目标应当从最终目标和具体目标这两个层次来理解。 5、人力资源管理的功能和目标是通过它所承担的各项职能和从事的各项活动来实现的。 6、能够对人力资源管理活动产生影响的各种因素称为人力资源管理的环境。 7、企业在发展过程中逐步形成的企业成员所共同具有的价值观念、道德准则等观念形态的 总和即企业文化。 8、职位上每项职责的工作业绩衡量要素和衡量标准称为业绩标准。 9、人力资源规划是指在企业发展战略和经营规划的指导下进行人员的供需平衡，以满足企 业在不同发展时期对人员的需求。 10、了解组织内的一种职位并以一种格式把与这种职位有关的信息描述出来，从而使起人能 了解这种职位的过程即职位规划。 二、单选题（每题2分，共20分） 1．下列不属于人力资源性质的是 ( D ) A．能动性B．时效性C．社会性D．不变性 2．下面不属于人力资源管理模式的是( B ) A．工业模式B．投资模式 C．混合模式 D．参与模式 3．人力资源管理环境的辨认主要考虑的是 ( C ) A．环境的复杂性与开放性B．环境的开放性与稳定性 C．环境的复杂性与稳定性D．环境的稳定性与结果性 4．《中华人民共和国劳动法》颁布于 ( A ) A．1994年7月5日B．1995年1月1日 C．1995年7月5日D．1994年1月1日 5．下面不属于人力资源管理的内部环境的是 ( C ) A．企业发展战略B．企业组织结构 C．企业总经理D．企业文化 6．下面不属于潜在人力资源的是 ( B ) A．病残人口B．老年人口C．失业人口D．未成年就业人口 7．劳动者的素质不包括 ( D ) A．体能素质B．智能素质C．非智力素质D．以上都不是 8．下列说法错误的是 ( A ) A．人力资源是指一个国家或地区所拥有的人口的总量 B．人口资源是指一个国家或地区所拥有的人口的总量 C．人才资源是指一个国家或地区中具有较多科学知识、较强劳动技能，在价值创造过程中起关键或重要作用的那部分人 D．人才资源是人力资源的一部分，即优质的人力资源
托业考试听力DBCDBCCCD 段落1 A: how was your English exam, Pedro? did you study for it? Pedro, 英语考试考的怎么样？考试前复习了么？ B: it was ok, I guess. I studied only the vocabulary. I thought that was what would be tested most. did you study, Alex? how do you think you did? 我想还可以吧，我只复习了词汇部分，因为我觉得这一部分出题的频率最高，你复习了么Alex？你考的怎么样呢 A: I think I did pretty well, I started studying for it last week. I studied the vocabulary, grammar, and practiced writing. 我觉得我考的相当不错，我从上周就开始为考试做准备，复习了词汇，语法，还练习了写作文。 B: really? that's great, then you'll probably get a really good score. 真的么，你真棒，这样看来你可以得到一个非常不错的分数 试卷问题 what exam are Pedro and Alex talking about? A grammar B Spanish C writing D English how did Pedro prepare for the test? A he wrote essays B he studied vocabulary C he studied the text book D he studied a lot of earlier tests how long did Alex study for the test? A one day B two days C one week D two weeks 段落2 A: Marry, you will never guess what Ms. Jennings game me at the office party, two tickets to la boheme！ Mary 你绝对想不到Jennings 女士在员工聚会上给了我什么，两张歌剧《波希米亚人》的门票！ B:i don't believe it! I have been wanting to see it since it first opened. when are the tickets for? 真是难以置信！开始公演的时候我就想去了，是哪一天的票？
UNIT 5 VI. Further Listening and Speaking Task1: Hot Business Ideas Business ideas are all around you. Many business ideas come from a careful analysis of market and consumer needs. If you are interested in starting a business, but don’t know what product or service you might sell, here are some ways that may help you find one. First of all, you should study how to value to an existing product. The difference raw wood and finished wooden products is a good example of putting a product through an additional process that increases its value. But additional processes are not the only way value can be added. You might also add services, or combine one product with other products. For instance, a local farm which sells produce can also offer a vegetable delivery service—for a free. What business ideas can you develop along these lines? Focus on what products you might buy, and what you might do to them or with them to create a profitable business. Some people have another way of making profit. They improve an existing products or service. We all know that the person who can build a better mousetrap will make a lot of money. That person could be you! A local entrepreneur has created an improved version of the hula hoop. It’s bigger and heavier, so hula-hoopers can control it more easily and do more tricks. How did she come up with this business idea? She thought hula hooping would be a fun thing to do with her daughter, but found the commercially available product too flimsy. There are very few products or services that can’t be improved. Start generating business ideas by looking at the products and services you use and brainstorming ideas as to how they could be better. 1. What is the first way the speaker mentions that helps you produce a business idea? 2. Which of the following methods does the speaker NOT mention? 3. Why does the speaker mention the mousetrap? 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? 5. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? Keys: 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D Task 2: What do you know about business? Historically, the term business referred to activities or interests. By extension, the word became, as recently as the 18th century, synonymous with “an individual commercial enterprise”. When referring to activities, the terms business and industry sometimes appear interchangeable. Thus a fisherman might say either that he is in the “fishing business”, which is a bit colloquial or that he works in the “fishing industry”, which sounds somewhat formal. The word “trade” m ay serve as an equivalent of both “business” and “industry”. People establish business in order to perform economic activities. With some exceptions, such as non-profit organizations and institutions of the government, businesses exist to product profit. In other words, the owners and operators of a business have receiving or generating a financial return for their time, effort and capital as one of their main objectives. One can classify businesses in many different ways. In recent years, service businesses have become increasingly popular. They offer intangible products and typically have different, usually smaller, capital requirements than manufacturers. Distributors need smaller funds than manufacturers. Most laws specify the forms that a business can take, and a body of commercial law has been developed for each type. Some common types include partnerships, corporations, also called limited liability companies, and sole ownerships. Task3: An office boy or a billionaire? A jobless man applied for the po sition of “office boy” at Microsoft. The human resource manger interviewed him, and gave him a test: clean the floor. “You are engaged,” he said, “give me your email address, and I’ll send you the application form to fill and tell you when you will start.”The man replied, “I don’t have a computer or an email.”
2014年5月份人力资源管理师（二级） 第一部分职业道德（第1～25题，共25道题） 一、职业道德基础理论与知识部分（第1～16题） （一）单项选择题（第1～8题） 1．关于道德的说法中，正确的是（ C ）。 A.纵观历史，人类道德几乎没有发生变化 B．道德与经济发展无关，所谓道德观念总是抽象的 C．道德是处理人与其他事物之间关系的特殊行为规范 D．道德有时威力巨大，有时则毫无功用 2．企业文化的激励功能的根本表现是（ B ）。 A.把追求经济效益作为员工的最大动力 B．通过树立正确人生观、价值观，增强企业的发展动力 C．刺激员工的冒险精神，推动企业发展 D．对员工的欲望，有求必应 3．关于协调与上司之间的关系，职工比较正确的做法是（ C ）。 A.信任上司，无条件执行上司的指令 B．维护上司的权威，绝不越级汇报工作 C．尊重上司的人格。不在背地讲上司的不是 D．把握上司的脾气秉性，以有效干预上司 4．美国IBM公司宣称，“IBM就是服务”。你对这句话的感受是（ C ）。 A. IBM公司对市场经营的理解比较深入客观 B．IBM公司的战略定位缺乏应有的高度和新意 C．IBM公司在经营上走的是“服务高于技术”的道路 D．IBM公司缺乏创新意识和创新能力 5．当企业经营遇到重大困难时，从业人员正确的做法是（ D ）。 A. 离开企业 B．索要工资 C．不给上司添乱 D．想办法解决困难 6．一般情况下，从业人员的着装要求是（ A ）。 A.朴素大方 B．注重品牌 C．突出个性 D．时髦新潮 7．从业人员对顾客有下列说法，其中属于职业“忌语”的是（ C ）。 A．“请谅解” B．“请稍候” C．“等会儿再说” D．“同志” 8．在职业活动中，关于团结互助的正确的认识是团结互助（ D ）。 A．落脚点是相互利用 B．只能够在亲戚、老乡、同学之间进行 C．会导致漠视纪律的风气 D．有助于人际和谐
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷·课标I卷) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 1.What time is it now? A.9:10. B.9:50. C.10:00. 2.What does the woman think of the weather? A.It?s nice. B.It?s warm. C.It?s cold. 3.What will the man do? A.Attend a meeting. B.Give a lecture. C.Leave his office. 4.What is the woman?s opinion about the course? A.Too hard. B.Worth taking. C.Very easy. 5. What does the woman want the man do? A.Speak louder. B.Apologize to her. C.Turn off the radio. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. How long did Michael stay in China? A.Five days. B.One week. C.Two weeks. 7.Where did Michael go last year? A.Russia. B.Norway. C.India. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8.What food does Sally like? A. Chicken. B.Fish. C.Eggs. 9.What are the speakers going to do? A.Cook dinner. B.Go shopping. C.Order dishes. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10. Where are the speakers? A. In a hospital. B.In the office. C.At home. 11. When is the report due? A.Thursday. B.Friday. C.Next Monday. 12. What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report? A.Improve it. B.Hand it in later. C.Leave it with him. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。 13.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Salesperson and customer. B.Homeowner and cleaner. C.Husband and wife. 14.What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer? A.One with two bedrooms. B.One without furniture. C.One near a market. 15.How much rent should one pay for the one-bedroom apartment? A.＄350. B.＄400. C.＄415. 16.Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see? A.On Lake Street. B.On Market. C.On South Street. 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。 17.What percentage of the world?s tea exports go to Britain? A. Almost15%. B.About30%. C.Over40%. 18.Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk?
2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语试卷类型A 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时 间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三 个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后， 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。 例：How much is the shirt A. ￡19. 15 B. ￡9. 18 C. ￡9. 15 答案是 C。 1. What are the speakers talking about A. Having a birthday party. B. Doing some exercise. C. Getting Lydia a gift. 2. What is the woman going to do A. Help the man. B. Take a bus. C. Get a camera. 3. What does the woman suggest the man do A. Tell Kate to stop. B. Call Kate, s friends. C. Stay away from
Kate. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place A. In a wine shop. B. In a supermarket. C. In a restaurant. 5. What does the woman mean A. Keep the window closed. B. Go out for fresh air. C. Turn on the fan. 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the man going to do this summer A. Teach a course. B. Repair his house. C. Work at a hotel. 7. How will the man use the money A. To hire a gardener. B. To buy books. C. To pay for a boat trip. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers A. Schoolmates. B. Colleagues. C. Roommates. 9. What does Frank plan to do right after graduation A. Work as a programmer. B. Travel around the world. C. Start his own business. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给 的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每
听力原文及参考答案（Units 1-7） LESSON 1 Music 1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program? W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two. Q: What does the woman mean? B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two 2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising. M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service 服务announcements.通告 Q: What does the man suggest they do? c. Ask the school radio station for help 3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions. M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book. Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. the book does include the answer 4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before. W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful. Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager? B. He probably has a poor memory 5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money? W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip. Q: What's the woman going to do? D. spend some time travelling
期末测试卷二 一、选择题 1．人力资源的形成、开发、使用都具有时间方面的制约性。个体具有生命周期，能够从事劳动的自然时间被限定在其生命周期的中间一段，不同的年龄阶段，劳动能力各不相同。这是人力资源特征的（）。 A．.生产过程的时代性B．使用过程的时效性 C．开发过程的持续性D．组织过程的社会型 2．需要层次理论是由（）提出来的。 A．马斯洛 B．赫茨伯格 C．麦克利兰 D．弗鲁姆 3．（）是对现有管理人员的状况进行调查、评估后，列出未来可能的管理者人选。该方法被认为是人力资源计划和企业战略计划结合起来的一种较有效的方法。 A．管理者目录 B．技能目录 C．接班人计划 D．马尔可夫分析法 4．工作分析所要收集到信息的价值对于不同需求对象是不一样的，如果用于招聘与甄选，需要收集的信息主要有（）。 A．工作职责、职责学习难度、工作难点、关键工作行为、任职资格 B．工作目的与工作职责、职责的重要程度与执行难度、工作难点、绩效标准 C．工作目的与工作职责、职责的重要程度、任职资格 D．职责细分（或履行程序）、职责分配的合理性、工作流程、职位在流程中的角色 5．（）是指专门为企业招聘中级或高级管理人员或重要的专门人员的私人就业机构。 A．广告招聘 B．猎头公司 C．职业介绍机构 D．校园招聘 6．员工培训的内容包括（）。 A．工作知识 B．工作技能 C．工作态度 D．工作知识、工作技能和工作态度 7．下列选项中不属于高层管理人员开发选拔的原则是（）。 A．技术能力 B．方向感和变革管理能力 C．影响力 D．忠诚度 8．在实施绩效面谈时，下列做法中哪种是正确的（）。 A．沟通时肯定成绩少，指出不足及应改进处多。
Module 1 Unit 1 同步验收练习参考答案Part 1听力部分录音原文及参考答案: I. 1. These are my family and relatives. 2. This is a birthday card from Tom. 3. I have two sisters. They are twins. 4. I usually go shopping with my mother. 5. That is a photo of my brother. 6. Kitty has got a lot of presents from her parents. (1—6 BFEADC) II. 7. M: What’s this, Alice? W: It’s my family tree. M: Who are those two men? W: They are my uncles. Q: How many uncles does Alice have? 8. M: Who is the old woman? W: She’s Mary’s grandmother. M: How old is she? W: About 60. Q: How old is Mary’s grandmother? 9. W: Mike has got two birthday presents. M: Oh? Who are they from? W: They are from his mother and father. M: Has he got anything from his relatives? W: No, he hasn’t. Q: What has Mike got now? 10. M: Who are these birthday cards from? W: My grandmother and grandfather. M: Are those red cards from your grandparents, too? W: No, they are from my aunt and uncle. Q: Who are the red birthday cards from? 11. M: How many uncles do you have? W: I have two. How many uncles do you have? M: I have two, too. W: Do they usually play games with you? M: Sometimes do and sometimes don’t. Q: What are they talking about? 12. W: Do you know that girl under the tree? M: Which one? W: The one in a red skirt.
P24 Part II.Raising money for buying a car B: Well, good afternoon, Mr. Jackson. J: Good afternoon. I've come to see you to see whether it's possible to ... get an overdraft. I'm ... I want some money. [Yes] I'll tell you quite frankly what it is. I'm wanting to buy a new car. [Yes] I don't know whether it's possible to raise any money from the bank in this way. B: Er, I see no reason why not. J: I've got an old car ... B: What's your proposition? J: Well, I've got this old car which is an eight-year-old Morris 1000, and I don't think there's any point in having it repaired any more because it just isn't worth it. I feel that I could probably get about a hundred pounds for it and then that means that I would need about another four hundred-odd, three hundred and fifty ... [Mhm] er, on top of that, to buy a, a, not a new car exactly, but a newer one. [Mhm] Um, ... B: Do you use the car for your business, for your work? J: Er; yes I do, up to a point. That is to say, sometimes I take it to work and sometimes I don't, because I'm almost within walking distance of the College. [Mhm] Does this have some bearing on the, on the question of whether I can get an overdraft? B: No, I don't think so. I, er, it was just a matter of interest that I asked you, really. You think three hundred and fifty? J: I would say about three hundred and fifty to four hundred. With the other, with the other [Yes] hundred pounds then it would be about, er, five hundred pounds; well, one can get quite a decent car for five hundred pounds [Quite] — second hand, of course. B: Quite. And what sort of period of time could you repay us? J: Well, erm, this rather depends on you. Um, I would like to ... I, er, what is the normal procedure for such a sum of money? B: Well, for such a sum of money we could expect repayment within twenty-four months. J: Two years. B: Two years. J: I see. B: We are lenders in the short term, remember, not long term. J: Yes. Er, is there ... Do you, do I pay interest on this? B: You will pay interest on — well, the type of loan I have in mind is a Personal Loan, as I assume you've got no form of collateral to offer.
《人力资源管理》试卷及答案 一、 填空题(每空 1 分，共 10分) 1、人所具有的对价值创造起贡献作用，并且能够被组织所利用的体力和脑力的总和即 人力 资源。 2、企业 是指集中各种资源，通过有效的方式加以整合和利用，从而实现自身利益并满足利 益相关者 要求的组织。 3、管理 就是在特定的环境下，对组织所拥有的各种资源进行计划、组织、领导和控制，保 证以有效 的方式实现组织既定目标的过程。 4、人力资源管理的目标应当从最终目标和 具体目标 这两个层次来理解。 5、人力资源管理的功能和目标是通过 它所承担的各项职能 和从事的各项活动来实现的。 6、能够对人力资源管理活动产生影响的各种因素称为人力资源管理的环境。 7、企业在发展过程中逐步形成的企业成员所共同具有的价值观念、道德准则等观念形态的 总和即 企业文化 。 8、职位上每项职责的工作业绩衡量要素和衡量标准称为 业绩标准 。 9、人力资源规划 是指在企业发展战略和经营规划的指导下进行人员的供需平衡， 以满足企 业在不 同发展时期对人员的需求。 10、了解组织内的一种职位并以一种格式把与这种职位有关的信息描述出来， 从而使起人能 了解这 种职位的过程即 职位规划 。 二、 单选题(每题 2 分，共 20 分) 1．下列不属于人力资源性质的是 ( A 能动性 B.时效性 2．下面不属于人力资源管理模式的是 A 工业模式 B.投资模式 A 环境的复杂性与开放性 C 环境的复杂性与稳定性 4 《中华人民共和国劳动法》颁布于 A 1994 年 7 月 5 日 C 1995 年 7 月 5 日 5 下面不属于人力资源管理的内部环境的是 ( C ) A 企业发展战略 B 企业组织结构 C 企业总经理 D 企业文化 6 下面不属于潜在人力资源的是 ( B ) A 病残人口 B 老年人口 C 失业人口 D 未成年就业人口 7 劳动者的素质不包括 ( D ) A 体能素质 B 智能素质 C 非智力素质 D 以上都不是 8 下列说法错误的是 ( A ) A 人力资源是指一个国家或地区所拥有的人口的总量 B 人口资源是指一个国家或地区所拥有的人口的总量 C 人才资源是指一个国家或地区中具有较多科学知识、较强劳动技能，在价值创造过程 中起关键 或重要作用的那部分人 D 人才资源是人力资源的一部分，即优质的人力资源 D ) C 社会性 D 不变性 ( B ) C 混合模式 D 参与模式 ( C ) B 环境的开放性与稳定性 D 环境的稳定性与结果性 ( A ) B 1995 年1月 1日 D 1994 年 1 月 1 日 3 人力资源管理环境的辨认主要考虑的是
新世纪大学英语视听说教程2的listening 原文及答案 Unit One, Book 2 Listening 2 Just a few old keepsakes Boy: Hey, Grandma, what’s in this box? Grandma: Oh, nothing really… Just a few old keepsakes. B: Keepsakes? G: Young man, you know what a keepsake is! B: No, I don’t. I really don’t. G: Well, it’s something you keep. It’s something that gives you a lot of memories. B: Oh. What’s this? G: Now don’t go just digging around in there! ... Hmmm, let’s see…. that’s my first diary. B: Can I….? G: No, you can’t read it! It’s perso nal! I wrote about my first boyfriend in there. He became your grandfather! B: Oh, ok…. Well then, what’s that? It has your picture in it. G: That’s my passport. Y ou can see, I traveled to Europe by ship. B: What’s that big book? G: My yearbook. It’s my hi gh school book of memories. B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’s old! G: That’s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’s time we put this box away and… 男孩:嘿,奶奶,这个盒子里是什么? 奶奶:哦,没什么…几个旧的纪念品。 纪念品吗? 旅客:年轻人,你知道什么是纪念品! B:不,我不喜欢。我真的不喜欢。
高中英语听力训练原文及答案 第一节（共5小题） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相对应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答相关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.When will the woman discuss her class project with the man? A.During the man’s class. B.After today’s class. C.Tomorrow. 2.Where does this conversation most probably take place? A.In a garden. B.In a kitchen. C.In a market. 3.How does the woman’s sister go to university ? A.By bus. B.On foot. C.By subway. 4. What was the weather like last Saturday ? A.It was sunny. B.It was raining all day. C.It turned fine in the afternoon. 5. What does the man mean ? A.He knows what’s wrong with the watch.
B.The woman needs to buy another new battery. C. The clock shop can probably repair the woman’s watch. 第二节（共15小题） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相对应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What did the woman do last night? A.She saw a film. B.She went shopping. C.She watched a football match. 7.Why couldn’t the man keep in touch with the woman last night? A.The woman’s mobile phone was stolen. B.The woman’s mobile phone was power off. C.The man had something important to do. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8.What is the weather like these days? A.Hot. B.Cold. C.Rainy. 9.Where is the typhoon expected to come from? A.The mainland. B.The western Pacific. C.The man’s city.