Beijing taxis
All hail
Dissent in the capital’s taxi ranks
BEGGARS, it is said, cannot be chooser s. Beijing’s taxi drivers, however, appear to have achieved that rare combination. Until recently the city’s 66,000 cabs competed fiercely for passengers, darting recklessly and stopping suddenly for anyone wanting a ride. Not any longer. Now drivers are picking their passengers carefully.
The reason is simple: the supply of taxis has remained fixed and demand has risen dramatically. But although drivers’ cos ts have risen too, fares have barely budged, so they complain that the job does not pay.
“If I sit in traffic, I waste time, burn fuel and risk an accident. But the meter doesn’t move. What sense does that make for me?” asks Zhang Wei, one of hundreds of cabbies who congregate each day between shifts at Caochangdi, a suburban neighbourhood with a cluster of repair shops, car washes and cheap food stalls.
Beijing’s base fare of 10 yuan ($1.60) has not changed in a decade. Charges for travelling farther than the minimum fare were adjusted in 2006, from 1.6 to 2 yuan per kilometre. Since 2009 drivers have added a small fuel surcharge for longer rides. But whereas cabbies’ revenues have barely changed, average wages in the city have risen sharply, making the Beijing taxi a rare bargain. An analysis by Macquarie, an investment bank, found that a typical passenger has seen taxi costs fall by half since 2003, relative to average incomes.
Greater affordability has allowed many of the capital’s new middle class to switch from crowded public transport to taxis. Some car owners are also turning to taxis to avoid the rising costs of fuel and parking for their own vehicles.
The problem could be solved with a wave of the invisible hand of the market: simply raise fares. But the government, ever sensitive about inflation and about annoying the new middle class, has been reluctant to see that happen. Meanwhile, Beijing residents are left wondering whether it is their own hands—at least when held aloft hailing taxis—that have turned invisible. There is constant grumbling among Beijing’s white-collar classes about drivers who decline their custom when the weather is bad, the traffic is heavy, or the destination inconvenient.
Petrol prices are set by the government and have risen twice since early February, most recently by 6% on March 20th, to 8.3 yuan per litre ($5 per gallon). The government has accepted that some fare adjustments may be needed but has given no timetable. For the moment目前, it is offering to give drivers a monthly subsidy of 300 yuan. Mr Zhang says he will gladly take it, but he calculates that petrol increases will cost him three times that amount. Macquarie calculates that it will take a fare increase of 20-30% to sort things out. The sooner the better. In February disgruntled drivers were mumbling about a possible strike. Cabbies have gone on strike in other Chinese cities and indeed, in 2008, early in his tenure as party chief of Chongqing, Bo Xilai (recently sacked from that post) burnished his populist-socialist credentials by mediating with striking cabbies on live television.
A strike in Beijing would probably not end so well, and the cabbies know this. But some still speak of staging something less dramatic, like a work slowdown. The trick would be getting anyone to notice. （561）
The Thirsty Pigeon A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders. Zeal should not outrun discretion. 口渴的鸽子 有只鸽子口渴得很难受，看见画板上画着一个水瓶，以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过去，不料一头碰撞在画板上，折断了翅膀，摔在地上，被人轻易地捉住了。 这是说，有些人想急于得到所需的东西，一时冲动，草率从事，就会身遭不幸。 The Wind And The Sun One day the wind said to the sun, “Look at that man walking along the road. I can get his cloak off more quickly than you can.” “We will see about that,” said the sun. “I will let you try first.” So the wind tried to make the man take offhis cloak. He blew and blew, but the man only pulled his cloak more closely around himself. “I give up,” said the wind at last. “I cannot get his cloak off.” Then the sun tried. He shone as hard as he could. The man soon became hot and took off his cloak. 风和太阳 有一天风跟太阳说: “看看那个沿着路上走的人.我可以比你快让他把披风脱下来. “我们等着看吧,”太阳说, “我让你先试。 因此风尝试让那个人把披风脱下来.他用力地吹,可是那个人把披风拉得更紧。 “我放弃了,”风最后说, “我无法让他把披风脱下来.”然后由太阳试试看.他尽可能地晒他.不久,那个人很热就把披风脱下来了。
英语新闻报道写作的主要技巧 新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：（一）标题、（二）导语、（三）主体、（四）结语。 标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的读者大多是标题浏览者。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。 一般来说，标题、导语和主体是构成新闻报道的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报道的内容而确定是否要结语或其它内容（如事件和历史背景等），有时，还可将它们暗含在主体中。 在写新闻报道时，首先要注意新闻的标题具有语言幽默风趣的特点，有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报道中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。 请阅读下面一则关于刘翔获得奥运金牌的体育报道,并试着找出这则新闻报道的标题、导语和主体：
Liu Xiang：Dark Horse in the Athens Olympics Liu Xiang , born on July 13, 1983 in Shanghai, China, is a Chinese hurdling athlete. In 2002, Liu launched his career in fine style by winning the first IAAF (国际业余田径联合会) Grand Prix in Lausanne with a world youth and Asian record time of 13.12 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles. He has since made the finals at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics and IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. Two of the three cases has seen American hurdling great Allen Johnson take the major prize, but in the last in May at Osaka, Liu managed to beat Johnson with an Asian-record time of 13.2014 seconds. Still young, Liu has improved steadily, and won a gold medal at the 2014 Summer Olympics in the 110 meters hurdles event. In the final, he equaled the world record of 12.91 seconds held since 1993 by Colin Jackson of Wales. This is the first time an athlete of non-African descent (后裔) has dipped under 13 seconds for the 110 meter hurdles.
The 14th "Chinese bridge" Chinese proficiency competition for Turkish university students opened in Middle East Technology University here on Saturday. "My Chinese dream," which is the topic of the contest, attracted 25 students, who have past the writing test in the morning, to give their own story about their connection with Chinese language and culture. "The world is so big, I want to go to china and have a look," the sentence which is quite popular on Chinese web, was used in Arad's speech about why he chose to learn Chinese. Dance of Little Apple, the most popular song in China in 2014, and the drunken beauty of leading Chinese opera performer Li Yugang, among other famous Chinese songs and dances, were included in the performance list of the competitors. The show of famous poetry "To the Oak Tree" written by Chinese poet Shu Ting helped Gullu from sinology department of Ankara University to win the first runner-up and gain a chance to go to China, a dream she has been trying to fulfill for a long time. "I love Chinese poem and songs and I wish to go to China to get my master degree," Gullu said. Zeynep, the girl who won the ticket to the world "Chinese Bridge" competition host annually by Hanban in Beijing, was very excited after the contest. "I am fascinated by Chinese culture and I could even touch the pulse of this dragon. Now I have a chance to improve my Chinese by communicate and compete with the students from other countries in China. What a dream come true!" she said. Wu Changqing, the headmaster of Confucius institute in Middle East Technology University which held this year's "Chinese bridge" competition together with the Chinese embassy to Turkey, said that "The quality of the competition is higher than last year because it is harder to choose better students through writing test and speech competition. The number of Turkish students interested in studying Chinese is increasing these years which force the competitors to learn harder to win the champion." "'Chinese bridge' is not only a contest among Turkish students but also an important pillar of the bridge of social, cultural and economical relationship between Turkey and China, which will definitely benefit Chinese and Turkish people," said Yu Hongyang, the Chinese ambassador to Turkey.
新闻写作习题练习库（夏玲） 新闻知识写作练习题一 一、名词解释 1、新闻真实性 真实性，最简单的定义是：新闻必须反映客观事物的原貌。真实性是新闻存在的基本条件，也是新闻传媒必须遵守的原则。 2、故意失实 指媒体或者新闻报道者事先明知报道内容不符合客观事实,具有虚假成分,但却出于种种主客观因素的制约和影响,而有意为之所导致的新闻报道失实。 3、非故意失实 指新闻报道者并无故意造成失实报道的动机，而是由于种种主客观条件的限制或影响，未能按照客观事实的本来面目如实做出报道所导致的新闻失实。 4、用事实说话 指通过客观地叙述新闻事实及其背景来体现观点、发表意见；或者说是把思想观点藏在精心选择的某些事实里，让受众通过事实自己领悟其中的道理。总之，是“事实”和“观点”的结合。 5、新闻的时效性、可读性、针对性 时效性——指新闻事件的发生与报道之间的时间差,时间差越短,则时效性越强。 可读性——指新闻便于阅读、吸引读者的特性，把新闻报道写得让读者愿意读、喜欢读、读的下去。 针对性——两层意思：一是指在写新闻时，你的心中要有对象感，二是要明确你为什么而写，你的报道针对的是什么问题而发。 6、新闻角度 指记者发现事实、挖掘事实、表现事实的着眼点或入手处。 7、“倒金字塔”结构 消息的倒叙结构，按照事件发生、发展的时间顺序来组织材料，把先发生的放在前面叙述，后发生的放在后面叙述。倒金字塔式的结构，其特点是头重脚轻地组织、安排材料，把新闻的高潮或结论放在最前面，然后按事实重要性递减的顺序来安排，借以突出最重要、最新鲜的事实。 8、“蒙太奇”结构 把新闻事件的情节、场面、细节写成镜头感很强的段落，利用跳笔省略过程的叙述，突出事物的主要特征，再组合和连接而成写作表现方式。 9、新闻语言 通过新闻媒介，向受众报道新近发生的事实，传播具有新闻价值的信息时所用的文字语言叫做新闻语言。 10、新闻白描 新闻白描，是指文字描写的具体方法，即不尚修饰，不用或少用形容渲染，以质朴的文笔，力避浮华、做作，简练而直接地勾勒出事物的特征 11、新闻背景 宏观意义上的新闻背景，是指对人物和事件起作用的历史情况或现实环境。狭义的新闻背景，是指新闻事实之外，对新闻事实或新闻事实的某一部分进行解释、补充、烘托的材
新闻英语标题翻译:欣赏及汉译 我们在阅读英语报刊时，不仅要学会看借新闻标题，而且最好还能善于欣赏并翻 译新闻标题，惟有如此，我们才能较正确地理解英语新闻标题的词汇、语法及修辞等 特点，判断出标题的寓意。 欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题时应该兼顾三个方面：准确理解标题，领悟其妙处；适 当照顾译文特点，增强可读性；重视读者的接受能力。欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题，对 于不太熟悉英语国家历史、文化背景的读者来说，有时并不是很容易的。许多妙不可 言的精彩之处，一疏忽就可能从眼皮底下滑过去。因此，这就要求我们平时注意积累，不断熟悉英语国家的历史掌故、文艺作品以及英语的修辞手段等等。一旦真的领会并 译出了英语标题中作者苦心营造的深奥内涵，那份喜悦不亚于数学家攻克一道难题。 一、直译或基本直译 如果英语标题的含义明白、直接，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，则可直译或基本直译。如： Looking Back To Look Ahead. 回首往昔展望未来。 America's Careening Foreign Policy. 摇摆不定的美国对外政策。 Bill Clinton Assumes Office In White House As Us President. 比尔，克林顿入主白宫，就任美国总统。（或译：克林顿入主白宫，新总统始掌 大权。） Olympics Begin In Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold. 奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌。
二、添加注释性词语 即使是明白易懂的新闻标题，我们在汉译时也常需酌情加上逻辑主语，或新闻人物的国籍、消息的事发地点等等。总之，应兼顾中英语新闻标题之异同，适当增补有关介绍性、注释性词语以利读者理解，避免产生误会。例如： Li Elected Cppcc Head. 李（瑞环）当选为全国政协主席。 Lewis, Xie Voted World's Top Two. 路（易斯）谢（军）当选世界最佳男女（运动员）。 Emperor's Visit A Milestone In Bilateral Ties. 天皇访华：（中日）双边关系的里程碑。 Quake Death Toll Tops 5000. （日本限神地区）地震死亡人数己逾五千。 Young Wheelers, Big Dealers. 青年摩托车手成了（保险公司）大主顾。 三、体现原文修辞特点 如果英语标题寓意于某种修辞手段，如双关、比喻、押韵等，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，则应尽可能体现原标题的修辞特色。如： 押韵：After The Boom Everything Is Gloom.
高考英语应用文写作之新闻报道
应用文写作之新闻报道(金版学案52页) ?技巧点拨 1.新闻通讯的第一句往往为全文的中心句(topic sentence),因此这个句子中主要讲清what (事件), when (时间), where (地点) 和who (人物),而在下文则要补充事件的过程和细节,往往包括why(目的或原因)和how(具体过程)等。 2.注意新闻类型题材的一些常用语,如It is reported that..., As is reported..., According to the report...; It is estimated that...等。 3.新闻通讯亦为记叙文，时态一般要用过去时，注意句子结构；主句，从句结构要清晰，语言要客观平时，不必追求过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。 4. 阅读范文时, 重在掌握时间的表达, 背诵范文的第一句和斜体字的句型。 ●假设你是一名新闻记者，请根据以下表格信息给英语报社写一篇新闻报道。 【写作内容】 国际背景今年4月，墨西哥爆发了H1N1流感（flu）,疾病迅速蔓延到全球多个国家。国内影响截至8月30日下午，有报道称河南省某中学共发现确诊病例 (confirmed case) 80 例，那儿的中小学全部推迟开学。 专家估计该疾病的死亡率低于1%，低于SARS 和禽流感（bird flu）。 预防方法勤洗手，多喝水，充足睡眠。 个人信念在政府的帮助下，我们一定能够打赢这战争。 【参考范文】 The H1N1 flu broke out in Mexico in April this year and it has spread quickly to many countries in the world. To our disappointment, by the afternoon on August 30, 80 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu had been reported in a school in He’nan province, resulting in the
怎样听懂英语新闻的技巧 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《怎样听懂英语新闻的技巧》的内容，具体内容：怎样提升自己的英语听力水平呢?下面是我收集整理的听懂英语新闻的技巧以供大家学习。了解内容刚到ICRT 国内新闻中心上班的外籍记者，虽然多半中文程度并不差，... 怎样提升自己的英语听力水平呢?下面是我收集整理的听懂英语新闻的技巧以供大家学习。 了解内容 刚到ICRT 国内新闻中心上班的外籍记者，虽然多半中文程度并不差，但是有时候"新闻中文"并不强，在翻译或阅读一些中文的新闻稿时，虽然可以查单字，但要完全了解整体的意思，往往有些困难。 发生这样的状况，我会建议他们先去看英文报纸的同样一则新闻，透过自己的母语，了解其中的来龙去脉，再回来看中文稿时，本来以为很复杂的内容，就变得简单多了。 同样的，在进行当天的英文新闻学习前，先从中文的媒体了解当天主要的国际或国内新闻内容，在听英文新闻时，就容易多了。当然，这是在学习期间，过了入门的阶段，就不需要了。 掌握英语的有限单字 世界之广，事件之多，大部分的人一定认为，要掌握新闻英语的相关单字，恐怕好几千个，要背完一整本的新闻字库，才有办法听懂。这个想法似乎很合逻辑，但是其实有个极大的错误，从政治新闻到娱乐新闻，当然
很可能有几千个单字，但是相关的单字每几个月，甚至每几年才出现一次，就是所谓的rarely used vocabulary(罕见单字)，例如：multilateral currency realignment(跨国货币调整)或planned obsolescence(计画的陈废)，如果连这些也要背，那可真是不得了。 幸好，每天新闻会遇到的单字，八成五以上，都是我们称为的commonly used vocabulary (常用单字)。换言之，只要你能掌握这五、六百个重复出现的单字(也就是本书所介绍的字汇)，就可以听懂八成五以上的新闻。其它一些较专门的财经或科学等新闻字汇，等主要的单字会了之后，再慢慢的增加难度。 继续听下去 你一定有个经验，在听英语新闻或英语节目时，遇到一个你不会的字或没听清楚的段落，就开始想它的意思，往往造成接下来的内容全都没听清楚。所谓"一心不能二用"，绝不可以在听的同时，边想前一句的意思，要养成一个习惯，那就是遇到不太懂的地方不要停下来思考，专心听下去。某个段落没听懂，可能的原因有几个，也许有个没学过的单字，或有较特殊的句型，也许主播播报的速度一时加快，甚至自己分心没听好。无论原因是什幺，不管它就继续听下去，还是有可能将主要内容听懂，因为九成的时候，漏掉一点，不会是关键到让你无法连接下面的意思，但是如果思惟卡在前一句，肯定全军覆没。 但如果另外那一成确实是关键呢?要是有空，可以上网找相关内容的新闻，了解一下是否有关键单字或内容较不熟悉，如果是重要新闻，一般来
词汇(Vocabulary) sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热 counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人 silver-tongued ( adj.) :eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的 orator ( n.) :a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家 jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团 erupt ( v．) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出 clash ( n.) :a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立 fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义) legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U．S．Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会) prohibit ( v．) :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准 legality ( n.) :quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law合法性 indict ( v．) :accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉 prosecute (v．) :institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对……起诉festoon ( v．) :adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于 sprout (v．) :grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展 rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的 evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者) exhort ( v．) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc．规劝，劝告，劝戒 infidel ( n.) :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者 florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的 paunchy ( adj. ) :[derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的 attorney ( n.) :．any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人 shrewd ( adj.) :keen—witted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的 magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc．)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等) steep ( v．) :immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通) agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者 growl (v．) :complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说 spar ( v. ) :wrangle or dispute争论；争吵 drawl ( v．) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说 bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见 rampant ( adj. ) :spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的 faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆；柴把 contaminate ( v．) :make impure，infected，corrupt，etc．使感染，传染，毒害 mammal ( n.) :any of a large class of warm—blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物 snort ( v．) :wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞
China vows zero tolerance for GM rice BEIJING, July 29 (Xinhua) -- Chinese authorities have vowed zero tolerance and harsh punishments for illegal sales and growing of genetically modified (GM) crops days after media exposure of GM rice on sale at a supermarket in central China. "The ministry will punish any companies or individuals who illegally grow or sell GM grains, and there will be no tolerance for these practices," said a statement sent to Xinhua on Tuesday by the office in charge of GM food safety with the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA). China Central Television (CCTV) found GM rice, which is illegal to sell or grow commercially in China, on sale in a supermarket in Wuhan, capital city of central Hubei Province, the broadcaster reported on Saturday. CCTV commissioned tests on five packs of rice picked at random from the supermarket's shelves. Three were found to contain a GM variety. CCTV also found evidence that GM rice was being sold in neighboring Hunan, Anhui and Fujian provinces. While working to develop modern biotechnology, China has taken a wary approach to GM crops, fearing possible risks. It has allowed several GM crops to be grown, including cotton, peppers, tomatoes and papayas, and has authorized imports of GM soybeans and corn. However, it does not allow commercial production or sale of GM grains, including rice, although the authorities have approved the experimental planting of two strains of pest-resisted GM rice. The safety certificates issued for this experimental planting in 2009 expire this year, and commercial production is yet to be started. Authorities have stressed that this approval of experimentation does not equate to a broader official favoring of GM grains. "The granting of safety certificates for GM food is not equal to allowing commercial production," Tuesday's statement quoted an anonymous official as saying. Approval is needed for GM crops, be it production of seeds, testing or growing, the official added. The ministry has ordered all provincial agricultural authorities to strengthen oversight
英语新闻解读与练习33 新冠肺炎疫情专题（学案） Are Protective Measures Not Necessary in Low Epidemic Risk Regions? People visit the West Lake scenic area in Zhejiang province's Hangzhou, Feb 19, 2020. Some scenic spots in the country have reopened. Scenic areas limit the number of visitors to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus. [Photo/Xinhua] Step 1 Words and expressions 1. epidemic adj. 流行的；传染性的n. 传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行 2. low-risk region 低风险地区 3. the National Health Commission 国家卫生委员会 4. bureau n. 局，处；衣柜；办公桌 5. downgrade vt. 使降级n. 退步；下坡adj. 下坡的adv. 下坡地 6. enclosed adj. 与外界隔绝的；（用墙等）围住的，封闭的；随函附上的；附上的 7. self-monitor 自我监控 Step 2 Read through the news Some people think living in a low epidemic risk region means protective measures such as wearing a mask and frequently washing hands are no longer necessary. Low-risk regions are not risk-free, said He Qinghua, an official with the National Health
英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(1) 现代社会发展迅猛，其结果之一便是新词语不断涌现。新中国成立以来，尤其是改革开放以来，现代汉语中出现了大量的新词汇，包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词语等；甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相，给人们，尤其是年轻一代，以耳目一新之感。在改革开放的今天，由于词典等工具书的编纂周期难以赶上现实生活中新词语的产生速度，广大英语学习者面临的一大难题就是，如何把这些新词语译成地道的英语。而英语报刊正好起到了为一般双语词典“拾遗补缺”的作用，如“双休日”、“拳头产品”、“人才流动”、“外向型经济”、“三资企业”、“扫黄运动”、“不正之风”、“小康水平”、“退居二线”、“有偿新闻”，“与国际接轨”等词语的英译，首先都是见诸英语报端的。现列举几则摘自英语报刊含有这类新词语英语表达的实例，以资佐证： 1）Taking advantage of the two-day dayoffs，he basked in the spring sunshine with his family. （他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下，享受双休日所带来的乐趣。） 2）The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products according to its local advantages and characteristic. （中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。） 3）In order to fully tap the human resources，the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged． （为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。） 4）To further develop the export一oriented economy，Shanghai is to make a number of preferential policies soon to encourage business people both at home and abroad to set up more enterprises in the the three forms of ventures，i．e. enterprises for Sino-foreign joint venture，for Sino-foreign co-production and enterprises with sole foreign capital. （为了进一步发展外向型经济，上海最近将出台一系列优惠政策，以鼓励国内外经营者创建更多的三资企业，即中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业。） 5）The disappearance of such materials as pornographic（色情画，色性描写）and obscene（淫秽的）books，periodicals and tapes is proof that China''s campaign against porns is making progress. （黄色书刊及音响制品现己难觅踪迹，这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。） 6）Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which，according to the press exposures ，were rampant in some localities. （从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看，不正之风在一些地区已非常严重，必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。） 7）The next ojective for the Chinese people to strive for is to reach the well-to-do level．（中国人民的下一个奋斗目标是在本世纪末达到小康水平。） 8）He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post． （尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。） 9）Journalists should firmly object to the payoffs-aimed journalism which deviates from press ethics. （新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻，因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。） 10）Many large companies in Shanghai have geared（使齿轮连接，使适应）themselves to the international conventions and set up aftersales services accepting repairs and
Journalism Glossary 四、名词解释（共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分。） Agenda-setting: a theory of mass communication suggesting news media influence audiences through the choice of stories to cover and space or time given them; thus, media determine which issues people should think about. Anchors: newscasters who host news broadcasts. Body: the main part or central information of a news story following the lead. By-line: A line at the beginning of some writing in a newspaper or magazine giving the writer’s name. Citizen journalist: the rapid rise of Internet technology, in particular blogging, tweeting and social networking, have empowered persons without professional training to function sometimes as journalists feeding information to mass media. These practitioners now are known as a distinct category -- citizen journalists. Column: an article in which a writer or columnist gives an opinion on a topic Dateline refers to the city from which a news story originates. It usually comes right at the start of the story. Editor: the person who "edits" a story by revising and polishing; the person whose job is to approve copy when it comes in and to make decisions about what is published in a newspaper or magazine. Editorial: an article expressing a newspaper or magazine owner's or editor's position on an issue. Feature writing: journalistic writing covering people, places and events in greater depth and with less timeliness than an immediate hard news story.