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浅析文化因素对英文翻译的影响

浅析文化因素对英文翻译的影响
浅析文化因素对英文翻译的影响

浅析文化因素对英文翻译的影响

摘要:语言与文化密不可分,任何语言的生存发展都离不开其赖以生存的社会文

化环境,社会文化又在一定程度上制约着语言使用者的思维方式和表达能力。但是,由于中西之间文化的不同,对翻译工作的顺利进行带来了一定的影响。在实际的

英语翻译过程中,由于中西的背景,地域,历史等方面都存在一定的差异。本文

针对中西文化因素对英文翻译的影响进行了简要的分析,以期消除中西文化差异

对英语翻译的影响。

关键词:文化因素;英文翻译;影响

英语翻译作为当下中西文化交流的主要沟通手段之一,其拥有着重要的作用。在进行

英语翻译的过程中,不仅需要翻译人员对自身所具有的语言文化全面的掌握,还需要掌握对

象语言的文化,并且将这两种语言进行合理的处理,使其成为本土语言,从而使得中西能够

进行良好的沟通。在进行翻译时,翻译人员需要掌握沟通双方的语言,并且对于双方的文化

也要有一定程度的了解。在英语翻译中,常常会会受到各种因素的影响,使得翻译出现一定

的差异。所以,需要英语翻译人员能够对英语进行合理的运用,消除中西文化对英语翻译的

影响。

中西方的文化差异是由于宗教信仰、地域政治、风俗习惯、历史发展以及价值观和思

维方式的不同而形成的。所以,要想在这种差异下进行英语翻译,首先需要对于中西的文化

因素进行深入的了解。

一、宗教信仰

欧美人信基督教的居多, 认为上帝(god) 可创造一切,因而有God helps those who help themselves. (上帝帮助自助的人) 的说法。而中国人则信仰佛教,相信“佛主”在左右着人世间的

一切,与此有关的词语如“借花献佛”,“闲时不烧香,临时抱脚”等。再如谚语:一个和尚挑水吃,两

个和尚抬水吃, 三个和尚没水吃, 要神形并茂地译成英语并不容易。主要问题在于信仰基督教

的英语国家对“和尚”这个概念比较陌生,而有关和尚的典故更是鲜为人知。因此,译成英语时形

意很难兼顾。虽然汉语和英语中都有对应的词汇,但它们所蕴含的宗教文化信息却不同。[1]

二、地域政治

语言本身是表达思想的手段, 而所表达的思想则又必然归属于某种专门知识如政治、经济、历史、地理、社会、教育、文学乃至风土人情等。英汉两个民族因所处的地理位置不同, 政治环境与生活经历不同, 必然存在各自独特的民族个性,使语言有浓厚的民族色彩。例如: Those were days when the sun never set on the British flag nor rose on many an East End home.不

了解英国的地理知识,大多数人会误译为“那些日子里,太阳从未在英国国旗上落下, 也未在东方

家庭升起”。实际上,从地理上来看,英国伦敦分为西区和东区,西区叫West End ,是富人居住的

繁华地区;而东区,即East End ,则是穷人居住的地区。East End 具有特定的政治内涵。因此其正

确译文为:那是日不落大英帝国的黄金时代, 也是伦敦贫民区千家万户从不见天日的岁月。

三、风俗习惯差异

因风俗习惯不同存在的文化差异。由于不同地区人们的日常生活习惯以及方式有着不同,所以,不同地区的风俗习惯文化也会存在着一定的差异。风俗习惯文化能够有效地反映

出不同地区人们所具有的不同的特色。不同民族在发展过程当中,常常会将风俗习惯文化体

现在语言的运用上,从而使得人们能够更很好的交流。所以在进行英语翻译的过程当中,如

果只是单纯的从英文字面上进行英语翻译,则无法传达出语言所想表达的内容。这样一来,

会使不同地区的文化交流产生一定的阻碍。

因此,在翻译的过程当中,翻译人员需要格外的注意风俗习惯文化。英国所处的这样

一个岛国的位置,对其自身的发展有重要的意义,也对英语习语的形成有很大的影响。如“He is all at sea as to what to do next.”(他对接下来该干什么茫然不知)。其中“all at sea”就

是由于航海业的发展对英语习语的影响,其意思是“茫然不知所措”。

四、历史发展

回顾人类历史的发展,对民族文化影响最大的主要是地壳变迁、民族迁徙、民族的征

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范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H: 海--Hay 韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi 居--Chu 贾--Chia 翦/简--Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong 焦--Chiao 金/靳--Jin/King 景/荆--King/Ching

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韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi 居--Chu 贾--Chia 翦/简--Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong

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双语:中国姓氏英文翻译对照大合集

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步Poo 百里Pai-li C: 蔡/柴Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑Cheng 崔Tsui 查Cha 常Chiong 车Che 陈Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程Cheng 池Chi 褚/楚Chu 淳于Chwen-yu

D: 戴/代Day/Tai 邓Teng/Tang/Tung 狄Ti 刁Tiao 丁Ting/T 董/东Tung/Tong 窦Tou 杜To/Du/Too 段Tuan 端木Duan-mu 东郭Tung-kuo 东方Tung-fang F: 范/樊Fan/Van

房/方Fang 费Fei 冯/凤/封Fung/Fong 符/傅Fu/Foo G: 盖Kai 甘Kan 高/郜Gao/Kao 葛Keh 耿Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭Kung 勾Kou 古/谷/顾Ku/Koo 桂Kwei 管/关Kuan/Kwan

郭/国Kwok/Kuo 公孙Kung-sun 公羊Kung-yang 公冶Kung-yeh 谷梁Ku-liang H: 海Hay 韩Hon/Han 杭Hang 郝Hoa/Howe 何/贺Ho 桓Won 侯Hou 洪Hung 胡/扈Hu/Hoo

花/华Hua 宦Huan 黄Wong/Hwang 霍Huo 皇甫Hwang-fu 呼延Hu-yen J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬Chi 居Chu 贾Chia 翦/简Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/ Chiang/Kwong 焦Chiao 金/靳Jin/King 景/荆King/Ching

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2010世博会中国馆介绍中英文对照 The China Pavilion represents the Chinese presence in Expo 2010. China Pavilion is located at the projecting area near the main entrance of Pudong Site, within Zone B of the Enclosed Area. It comprises the Chinese National Pavilion, Chinese Provinces Pavilion and Pavilion of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. 中国馆是代表中国参展上海世博会的展览场馆,位于浦东世博园区主入口的突出位置,世博会规划园区中围栏区的B片区,由中国国家馆、中国地区馆、港澳台馆三部分组成。 The contour design of China Pavilion is based on the concept of “Oriental Crown”, to express the spirit and disposition of Chinese culture. Rising from the Chinese National Pavilion is supported by traditional Dougong brackets fixed layer upon layer, concentrating Chinese elements and embodying Chinese spirit. The Chinese Provinces (Joint) Pavilion extends in flat under the Chinese National Pavilion, serving as a reliable platform, to build an open, mild, compatible and rich layered city square. The Chinese National Pavilion and Chinese Provinces Pavilion will create a spectacular urban space series, with well-defined functions up and down, delicately fitted major and subordinate architectural formation、and the spatial layout focused on the main axis in a north-south direction. Pavilion of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan will be self-build pavilion. 中国馆建筑外观以“东方之冠”的构想主题,表达中国文化的精神与气质。国家馆居中升起、层叠出挑,凝聚中国元素、象征中国精神;地区馆水平展开,以舒展的平台基座的形态映衬国家馆成为开放、柔性、亲民、层次丰富的城市广场。国家馆、地区馆功能上下分区、造型主从配合,空间以南北向主轴统领,形成壮观的城市空间序列。中国港澳台馆为三地自建馆。 我要成为世博志愿者 The World Expo is a large-scale, global, non-commercial Expo. The hosting of the World Expo must be applied for by a country and approved by the international World Expo committee. Expo aims to promote the exchange of ideas and development of the world economy, culture, science and technology, to allow exhibitors to publicise and display their achievements and improve international relationships. Accordingly, the World Expo with its 150-year history is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy, science and technology. Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo. The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia. So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians. Our government has promised that it will be the best one. And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly. As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more In my opinion, the Expo is a huge and grand ceremony. I can imagine, in Shanghai, no boundaries, from all over the world people are talking about the changes here, not

中国传统文化英语翻译

1、香囊(scentedsachet),古代也称“香袋”,通常就是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织得袋子,里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫与避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们得形状与大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形与其她形状。它们通常配有精致得图案,每个图案都象征着特别得含义。例如,双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树与仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮得香囊不仅就是装饰品,而且含有丰富得文化与历史内涵。 翻译:Scentedsachets, also called “fragrant bags"in ancient times,are b ags usually sewedwithcloth or weaved with multicolor silk thread sand stuffedwith aromaticherbs、The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat,repelling insects andwardingoffevils、Scented sachets are notonly useful, but also ornamental、They e in different shapesand sizes, such as round,ovaland manyother s、And they arenormally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning、For instance,adouble-fish ordouble-butterflypattern smybolizes thelove betweena man an dawoman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolizewomen;pine and crane patternssymbolize longevity and a guava patternis the symbol of lots ofchildren、A nice scented sachetis not just an ornament,but moreof somethingthat containscultural and his torical richness、 2、中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会,就是对人类得人生感悟得哲学注解.中国人祖先得哲学论断就是“近瞧自己,远观她人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术得原始艺术,这一结论必不可少。人类得本能欲望就是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来得首要本能就是求生,然后就是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳与永生得观念始终贯穿中国得社会生活与民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会得所有基本哲学理念. 翻译:Chinese folkartandChinesephilosophy are unified inthe belief thatyin—yang produces all living things in the world、OriginatedinChineseprimitivesociety, thiswas thephilosophical explanation of human's perception of life、Chinese ancestorsphilosophicalconclusion wasto“look atoneself up close andother creatures from afar",which is essential to the understandingof the primiti ve arttothe folk art ofthe nation、To live and tocontinue life through propagation are thetwo instinctive desires of human、From birth,aperson'sfirst instinct is to survive, and then to livealong li fe、From primitivesocietytothe present day,the view of yin-yangand perpetual life has permeated in all aspectsofsociallife and the nationalculture of Chinesesociety、Chinese folk art re flects allof the basicphilosophicalconcepts、

完整word版,中国特色美食地道英语翻译

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公式:烹法+主料(形状)+(with/in)味汁 例:红烧牛肉braised beef with brown sauce 鱼香肉丝fried shredded pork with sweet and sour sauce 清炖猪蹄stewed pig hoof in clean soup 三、以形状或口感开头的翻译方法 1、介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料 公式:形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料 例:芝麻酥鸡crisp chicken with sesame 陈皮兔丁diced rabbit with orange peel 时蔬鸡片sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables 2、介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料 公式:口感+烹法+主料 例:香酥排骨crisp fried spareribs 水煮嫩鱼tender stewed fish 香煎鸡块fragrant fried chicken 3、介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁 公式:形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁 例:茄汁鱼片sliced fish with tomato sauce 椒麻鸡块cutlets chicken with hot pepper 黄酒脆皮虾仁crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce 四、以人名或地名开头的翻译方法 1、介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料

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23. 旗袍:Cheongsam 24. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 孟子:Mencius 25. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 26. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West 27. 《红楼梦》:A Dream in Red Mansions 28. 《诗经》:The Book of 31. 《三国演义》:The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 32古装片:Costume Drama . 33. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 34. 针灸:Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 刺绣:embroidery 37. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 38. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 39. 亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic 40. 太极拳:Tai Chi 41. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum 42.天坛:Temple of Heaven 43. 24节气:the 24 solar terms 43.明十三陵:The Ming Tombs 45. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 46. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker 47. 兵马俑:cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army 48. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit 49. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves

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