从句小结
从句总述：
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句 6 类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这 4 种从句又通称名词性从句。
1.主语从句（ Subject Clause ）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词
有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句（ Predicative Clause ）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关
联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3. 宾语从句（ Object Clause ）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句. 宾语从句分为三类 : 动词的宾语从句 , 介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
4.同位语从句（ Appositive Clause ）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that 。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。
宾语从句
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。
一：时态和语序
1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。
语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。
二：连接词
①从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that ，if ，whether. that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if 和 whether 引导表示“是否”的宾语从句 . 例
句：
He told that he would go to the college the next
year 他告诉我他下一年上大学 .
I don ’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
②连接代词
连接代词主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等.
连接代词一般指疑问 , 但 what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
例句：
Do you know who has won Red Alert game
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗
③连接副词
连接副词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
例句：
He didn ’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
三：动词的宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢 , 因为他们的队员更强壮.
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
make sure 确保 make up one ’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记
例句：
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
四：可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词 find,feel,consider,make,believe 形式宾语而将 that宾语从句后置.等后面有宾语补足语的时候, 则需要用 it
做
例句：
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会 , 感觉非常遗憾 . ②有些动词带宾语从句
时寻要在宾语与从句前加 it 这类动词主要有 :hate,
take , owe, have, see to.
例句：
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
五：介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
例句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 .
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班, 其他一无所知 .
六：形容词的宾语从句
一般来说形容词不能带宾语，更不能带宾语从句。但以下形容词除外：
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
例句：
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试 .
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
七： if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“ 是否” 解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词 , 如 :leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③w hether 后可以加 or not, 但是 if 不可以 .
④在不定式前只能用 whether.
如： I can ’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
⑤避免歧异时 , 我们常用 whether 而不用 if.
八：哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
①当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时, 此时第一个 that可以省略,第二个
不可以省略 ;
②当宾语从句有 it做其先行词时;
九：宾语从句的否定转移
that
主句的谓语think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess
一人称而且为一般现在时, 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来从句一致 .
动词是等 , 并且主句的主语是第, 其反义疑问句一般与宾语
例句：
I don ’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成 I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don ’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he
我认为那个人不是Jim 所杀的 , 是不是
★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词, 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
例句：
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课, 是不是
十：宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时的时候 , 宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响 . 当
主句为过去时的时候，从句只能用和过去相关的时态。
例句：
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to
put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱 . ★如果从句是一个客观真
理 , 那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化例句：
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
★宾语从句的插入语形式
例句：
Whodo you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year 你认为今年
公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手 .
同位语从句（ Appositive Clause ）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一
般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that 。
一、如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
thought I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea ，fact ，promise ，question ，doubt ，，hope，message，suggestion ，words（消息），possibility等，可展开来的抽象
名词。如：
I ’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon ．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that ，whether ，连接副词 how,when,where 等。根据句意决定该用哪一个。
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
定语从句（ Attributive Clause）：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名（代）词之后，这种名（代）词就叫作先行词
（ Antecedent ）。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可
用作主、、定等；关系副在定从句中用作状。
①引定从句的关有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和 which.在非限制定从句中 , 只可用 which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子 , 多用which.
例句：
The dog that/which was lost has been found.（失踪的狗已找到了。）
Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail the meeting.（有人那些个提案有趣的人最好是在会后再具体它。
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.
after ）
（存在
着多旨在帮助无家可者的。）
②当引定从句的先行前有all, any, no, little, much, very first等,
先行前形容最高所修, 或先行all, anything, nothing, something, everything, 从句的引只能用that.
或
The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.（孩子唯一关心的是他什么候放假。）
These are the very points that puzzle me.（真正困我的是些点。）
Is there anything that bothers you（有什么事着你）
This is the best film that was ever produced by the company.（部是那个公
司有史以来拍得最好的影。）
③a s 可做引引定从句 , 多和 such, the same 用 . 或者用在“从句比主句先生”的情况，有“像??一”之意。 As 引的定从句也可修整个句子 , 既可放在先行后 , 也可放在句子开 .
例句：
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. The boy was run over by a motor-car, as often
（你描述的那一人在很少了。）happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.
（那个男孩被一摩托去了，种事在解放前的上海是不少的。）
As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.（正如往常一，
个女孩又忘了上字典。）
④介 +which/whom/whose从句
The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.（她就是从那个司机的房了金表的。）
Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.
（言就是人用来和其他人交流的一种工具。）
例：
Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.
a. where
b. that c with which d as soon as
⑤代 / 名 +介 +which 从句
He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.（他需要一本，但是我
不知道名。）
In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition.（在工厂里，在我的日
常生活中都有很多垃圾，其些垃圾在某种情况下是可以有用的西的。）
同位从句与定从句的区。
1、同位从句与前面的名是同位关系，即明它前面名的内容；而定从句与前面的名是修与被修关系，即限定它前面的名范，或充一些情况。如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通了考一消息是真的。
（同位从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名的内容。）
The news that he told me just now is true．他才告我的消息是真的。
（定从句，从句前面名起修限制作用，即“他告我的”那个消息，而不是的消息。）
2、引同位从句的 that 是，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引定从句的 that 是关系
代，除起接作用外，在从句中充当主、或表等。如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
算机能人的声音的想法使多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）
The idea that he gave surprises many people ．他提出的点令多人感到吃惊。（ that 在
从句中作 gave 的。）
状从句（ Adverbial Clause ）：用作状的从句叫作状从句。其关是一些从属。
修主句中的 , 形容和副 , 通常有从属引 , 按其意和作用可分 , 地点 , 条件 , 原因 , 步 , 目的 , 果 , 方式 , 比 . 等
分
1.状从句 :
1) 常有 after,as,before,once,since,till,（not）until，when,whenever （no matter when ）,while ， as long as ?
2) no sooner?than, hardly(scarcely, barely)?when:做?就?.
No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang.
3)有immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the
instant, the second, every time etc
I ’ll tell you about it the moment you come.
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
2.地点状从句:一般用where or wherever引
I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.
Wherever they went, they were warmly welcome.
3.条件状从句: 真条件从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that,
supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
I will not go to her party if she doesn’t invite me.
I will not go to her party unless she invites me.
4.原因状从句:从属有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that,
seeing that, considering that(于,由于)
As the school regulations are written quite clearly, there is nothing
more to be explained.
Considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive.
Seeing that they are inexperienced, they are doing quite a good job.
5.步状从句:
1): even if, though, even though, while(尽管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc.
2)由 as 引起的步从句 , 气烈 , 被的放在句首 . Simple as the
question may seem, it is not at all common in nature. Cold as it is,
the children play outdoors.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with him.
Object as you may, I will go on with my plan.
3) whether ?or, 不管?或?
whether you be a student or a teacher, you are required to obey the regulations of the school.
6.果状从句: so that, so?that, such?that
He is so humorous that we’ll never forget him.
She is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her.
7.目的状从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be
any mistakes.
Telephone us in advance in order that we might makethe necessary arragements.
8. 方式状从句
方式状从句通常由1 ）as, (just) as
as, (just) as?so?, as if, as though引。
?so?引的方式状从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)
as?so?构中位于句首， as 从句有比的含，意思是 " 正如? " ， " 就像 " ，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎待你，你就要怎待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我离不开空气，犹如儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打房屋一，我也要除我中落后的西。
2） as if, as though
两者的意和用法相同，引出的状从句多用虚气，表示与事相反，有
也用述气，表示所情况是事或的可能性大。常作" 仿佛??似的 " ， "
好像??似的 " ，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他完全忽略了些事，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事相反，用虚气。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那子就像被雷了似的。（与事相反，用虚气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（的可能性大，用述气。）
明： as if / as though也可以引一个分短、不定式短或无短，
例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不睛地看着我，就像第一次看我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲着岩石，好像很怒。
9.比状从句:
1) as ?as, not so/as?as
the film was not so exciting as we expected.部影没有我期待的一精
彩
The history of nursing is as old as the history of man.
She likes them almost as much as Paul does.
2)比 +than, so much/a lot more than
She looks much younger than she is.
The universe is a lot more complicated than you think.
3) no more ?than, not more?than, less?than
Jack is not more frightened than Mike is.不像克那么害怕
Tom is no more rich than Black
3) the more ?the more
The farther north you go, the severer the winter is. The more I see of him, the less I like him.
￥ 初中宾语从句和定语从句混合练习 1.--- Could you tell me __________ --- Fill in this form and I will give you a card. A how I can meet Cathy B where I can meet Cathy C when I can meet Cathy D why I can meet Cathy ? 2.--- There are many volunteers __________ are helping the children in Sichuan. --- And most of them are college students. A which B when C whose D who 3.I don’t know the teacher __________ is talking with Miss Wang. A what B whom C which D who @ 4.The skirt __________ is made of silk is very expensive, I can’t afford it. A what B who C that D whom 5.--- Could you tell me __________ ---Just go straight. It’s on your right. A where the police stations is B what your name is | C which country you come from D why you like koalas 6.---Do you know ______the girl in red is --- I’m not sure. Maybe she is a teacher. A when B how C where D what 7.【 8.Who is the man __________ is reading a book over there A that B which C whose D what 9.---What a new computer! Can you tell me __________ --- Just the day before yesterday. A how much you paid for it B how much did you pay for it
最新中考英语易错题型：宾语从句和定语从句 【2019 ? 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【参考答案】 【试题解析】句意：——西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的，用where 引导。故选A。 丢分探因 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序； 二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和C项都是陈述语序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选where作引导词。 查漏补缺 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这 些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t kn ow why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。
从句小结 从句总述： 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。 状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。 一：时态和语序 1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二：连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句： He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句： Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ③连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 例句： He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
英语学科中考专项复习 宾语从句和定语从句教学设计 一：教学内容： 宾语从句的定义和结构、引导词、语序和时态 定语从句的关系代词 that, which, who ,whom,whose 二：学情分析： 九年级学生的英语水平参差不齐，成绩好的学生能够很好的掌握各个知识点，成绩中等的学生对于有些知识点可能是模糊不清，成绩不好的学生对英语可能完全是一窍不通。此次宾语从句和定语从句的专项复习，很多学生对两种从句认识不清，对他们应遵守的语法规则认识模糊，直接影响学生的理解句子的能力，尽管宾语从句和定语从句的考核只有两分，但它们涉及的面是广泛的。因此，我对这两种从句进行了详细的分析并通过历年各市的中考题来加深学生的印象。 三、教学目标 知识与技能：复习宾语从句的定义和结构、引导词、语序，掌握时态的变化以及定语从句的定义、结构和关系代词。 过程与方法：通过课堂活动，熟悉话题进行简单的交流，从历年中考题目中找出有关的信息，理解题意，并能简单归纳知识点。 情感态度价值观：通过课堂探究培养学生积极思考，踊跃发言的能力，增强他们解决问题的决心，提高学习英语的兴趣。 四、教学重点、难点： 重点：宾语从句的语序；定语从句的关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose的使用。
难点：宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应；定语从句中关系代词的使用 五、教具： PPT课件、资料 六、教学过程： Step1、进行中考考情考点分析 分析：岳阳中考题型 2016,2018年考的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，2017，2019年考的是定语从句.2019年湖南省有5个市考了定语从句，6个市考了宾语从句，而且都是由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。所考题型都以单项选择题为主。 Step2、板书一些宾语从句和定语从句，让学生分析它们的相同之处以及不同之处，然后老师进行总结。 I heard (that ) he got into a good high school last year. I like music that sounds good. This is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. Could you tell me who he talked to just now? Tom prefers the singers who write their own songs. Do you know which city he has been to?
如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句？（附习题）| 虫虫讲英语 2018-12-02 14:52 「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号——有时候，语法换一种方式讲，就听懂了。 如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，是学生最常问我的问题之一。今天，我们通过青铜、白银、黄金、王者四级难度的例句，一起研究下怎样一眼辨别英语3大从句。 01 概念 3大从句的区别均在于前面两个字：定语、宾语和状语： 知道了这几个概念，这三种从句就很好理解了： >> 定语从句：作定语的从句，做adj.修饰先行词；
在这里，dog “狗子” 是先行词，即“走在定语从句前面的名词”；定语从句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指 代了前面的 dog，告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子：拉很多的狗子。 >> 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面； 第一句，宾语从句为普通的陈述句，放在 think 这个动作后面，由连接词 that 引导。 第二句，宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序，原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？该从句放在 depend on 的介词 on 后面，一般疑问句由 whether/ if 引导。 >> 状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。 状语从句，是3大从句中比较好记的一种：有个完整的主句，从句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词（← 戳可查看），几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。 02 当堂练习 现在，我们一起看几个句子找找感觉。请判断下列句子是定语从句，宾语从句还是状语从句？ >> 青铜 1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you. 2. I helped an old man who lost his way.
定语从句 定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. 我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。 ↓ ↘引导词↓ 先行词从句 (定语从句) This is the most interesting book that he has ever read. 这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。 ↓ ↘引导词↓ 先行词从句 (定语从句) · 考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用 (1). 先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that. 如： Here comes the man who (that)wants to see you. 想见你的那个人来了。 (先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that) (2). 先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that. 如： This is the person whom (who, that)you are looking for. 这正是你要找的人。 (先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that) ） 考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用 (1).先行词是物时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that. 如： Mary like music that (which) is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。 (先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that) The film which(that) we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。 (先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that) ` (2).以下情况，引导词只能用that, 不能用which.
定语从句 1什么是定语从句？ 由一个完整的句子充当定语的从句为定语从句。 2特点：和其它类从句比较，除了有引导词（关系词）定语从句有“先行词”。 3什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词为先行词。 4定语从句的种类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 5定语从句引导词（关系词）的种类：关系代词和关系副词。 例：I work in a school which was built 50 years ago. 在此句中”school”为先行词，which 来引导定语从句，“which was built 50 years ago.”整句话来修饰先行词做定语，所以这是个定语从句。 注：定语从句的引导词通常置于先行词之后引导定语从句。（一）代词性引导词和副词性引导词，即关系代词和关系副词。代词性引导词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，副词性引导词有：when,where,why等，代词性引导词在定语从句中充当主语/宾语，副词性引导词在定语从句中充当状语。 注：what 不能引导定语从句，因为what从句属于名词性从句。（二）基本用法。 1．先行词性质不同要使用不同的引导词，先行词指人时，可用that,who,whom代指，who与whom的区别在于who是主格，在从
句中作主语，whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语，而that作主语/宾语均可。先行词指物时，用that/which代指，可见，that既可代指人的先行词，也可代指物的先行词。 例：Do you know the man that is standing by the door? 此句that 引导定语从句，代指先行词the man. 例：This is the book that I have been looking for . 此句that引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：This is the book which I have been looking for. 此句which引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：Do you know the man who is standing by the door? 此句who 引导定语从句，代指行行词the man,作从句的主语。也可用that引导从句，如” Do you know the man that is standing by the door?” 例：The lady whom we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown. 此句whom引导定语从句，代指先行词the lady，在从句中作宾语。也可用that引导即“The lady that we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown.” 例：As is known to all,China is a large country. As is know to all是个很常用的表达方式，这也是的定语从句，只不过它的位置不像别的定语从句在先行词的后面，本句as代指主句的含义“中国是个大国“。 As是一个特殊的引导词，引导定语从句时为代词。不像其他的
宾语从句和定语从句讲解 （一）that 引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的引导连词有that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why, whether, if 可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree. 1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语 2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应 （a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态 例如：I believe（that）you did your best for that. I believe（that）you will do your best for that. (b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态） 例如：I hear he will come here later on . I heard he would come here later on. I can’t tell him that his mother died. (c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。 例如：My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. That 引导的定语从句和that 引导的宾语从句的区别 定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句 一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that 来引导 如：Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat
定语从句 一.定义： 定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词或代词。定语从句：用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子，称为定语从句。 要素：先行词（主句中被修饰的词）；关系代词副词（从句的引导词） 考纲要求：对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容： 1. 引导限制性定语从句的关系词 2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 4. 介词+关系代词用法 5. 不定代词数词+of which / wh引|r导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断 6. 关系词间的转换及选用 认识: Handsome boys = the boys who are handsome Beautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful 二.限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句：这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。限制性定语从句 常由that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,a引导。 （一）关系词：关系代词和关系副词 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词:that, who, whom, which, whose 用法： （1）.限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况:
a. 先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some 等不定代词修饰时用that。 He did everything that he could to help us. There is little that I can do for you. b. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。 This is the best book that I 've ever read. This is the first thing that I want to say. c. 当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, jus等修饰时用that。 It is the one that you want. All the things that we can do is to give you some advice. It is the only thing that I like to do. d. 当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。 They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school. e. 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用that Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth? f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。 He is not the boy that he used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. (2) .限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况： a. 在非限制性定语从句中 She didn 't pass the exam, which made her sad. b. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. c. 先行词本身是that The clock is that which tells the time.
复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。 主句是句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。 从句可以担任复合句的主语（主语从句）、表语（表语从句）、宾语（宾语从句）、定语（定语从句）、状语（状语从句）。中学阶段主要学习含有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的复合句。 A．状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表示的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、比较（或方式）和条件等类。 ○1时间状语从句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, after, ○2条件状语从句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引导。（注： 在条件状语从句的将来时态要用现在时和过去时，表示相应的将来时）。 I’ll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy the car ○3原因状语从句：由because（因为）, as（由于）, since（既然）, for（因为）等引导。 He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night . ○4目的状语从句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引导。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 He got up early so that he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed . ○5结果状语从句：由so…that, so, so that, such…that等。 The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead . ○6比较状语从句：由than, as…as, not as(so)…as, the（＋比较级）…the（＋比较级）等引导。Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .
高中英语定语从句精讲精练定语从句（学生版） 【知识储备】 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。 3、“介词+which”与when, where和“介词+what”。 4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。 5、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同。 6、关系代词的省略。 7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。 8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。 9、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 1.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wanted to be. (05年高考湖北卷第29题) A. who B .that C .what D. which 2.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 3.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C .in which D. for which 4.---Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one ____you know I used to work for years. (05福建 A. that B. which C. where D. what 5.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____he went on to Cambridge. (05年高考山东卷第30题) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this https://www.doczj.com/doc/8c17131039.html,st month, parts of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____effects the people are still suffering. (05) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 7.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A .that B. which C. when D. where 8.I have many friends, _____some are businessmen. (05年高考全国卷I第24题) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 9.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. 05年 A. which B. when C. where D. that 10.What surprised me was not what he said but _____he said it. (04年高考湖北卷第29题) A. the way B .in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
宾语从句 1. I asked Mary . A. when was she born B. if she was interested in computer C. what she will do after supper D. how she has done it 2. Please tell me . A. what’s the matter with you B. what’s the wrong with you C. what the matter is with you D. what was the matter with you 3. I don’t know your brother is. A. why B. which C. what D. whom 4. There is no difference . A. whether will she come or not B. whether or not she will come C. if she will come or not D. whether she will come or not’ 5. He asked me I could go with him. A. weather B. what C. if D. that 6. My father had told me many times that the moon around the earth. A. had gone B. went C. goes D. was going 7. We knew nothing about it because the teacher did n’t tell us and . A. what to do; how to do it B. to do what; how to do C. what to do it; how to do it D. what to do; how to do 8. She was quite sure the teacher said was true. A. that B. which C. who D. what 9. –Do you know , Xiao Ming? -- On August 8th , 2008. A. when the Beijing Olympic Games held B. when did the Beijing Olympic Games hold C. when the Beijing Olympic Games will hold D. when will the Olympic Games hold 10. –Can you tell me . -- In a small town near Beijing. A. where was your sister born B. where your sister was born C. when was your sister born D. when your sister was born 11. I wondered . A. how much he cost the radio B. how much the radio has cost him C. how much did he spend on the radio D. how much he paid for the radio 12. – I wonder if he . -- I am sure will . A. will come; will be B. will come; is C. comes; will be D. comes; is 13. Do you happen to know . I have something important to tell her. A. where does Mary live B. where did Mary live C. where Mary lives D. where Mary lived 14. –I don’t know . --Peter told me that he was born in England. A. when he was born B. how he came from
定语从句和宾语从句怎么区分？怎么用？ 最近很多读者在我们英语周报学习交流群内提问有关定语从句和宾语从句的问题，这是目前大家英语学习中的重点、难点，也是考试中常见的考点之一，掌握它们的用法非常重要。下面小编就帮大家梳理、总结一下定语从句和宾语从句的区别及具体用法，希望能对大家的英语学习起到帮助作用，好了，一起来学习吧！ 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。下面我们结合例句来看一下由that, which, who和whom引导的定语从句。 1. 关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。如： A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语，指物) That’s is the best hotel that I know. (作宾语，指物) Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (作主语，指人) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语，指人) 2. 关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。如： They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语，指物) The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语，指物) 3. 关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人，分别在从句中作主语或宾语，口语中通常用who代替whom。如： The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (作主语，指人) The person to whom you talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语，指人) 【即学即练】用who, whom, which或that完成下列句子。 1. It’s a book ________ introduces how to cook. 2. There are many volunteers ________ are helping the poor children. 3. This is the bike ________ my brother gave me for my birthday. 4. The girl ________ is standing under the tree is my little sister. 5. The woman ________ you met yesterday is my aunt. 6. Bruce, there is someone outside ________ would like to see you. 7. Do you know the boy ________ threw the stone at the window? 8. I am looking for the backpack ________ I bought yesterday. 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I wonder what he’s writing to me about. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 注意： 1. 宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面，也可跟在介词后，还可跟在形容词后。如： I don’t know who all the people are. Please find out when the ship sails for New York. He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him. 2. 当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： I find it strange what she said at the meeting. We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.
2018年九年级英语专项练习—定语从句和宾语从句 Name__________ Grade__________第一部分单项选择。（本题共45小题，每题1分，计45分） 从每小题所给的A、 B、 C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( )1.— kind of tea would you like —I love tea has a fruity taste. A. Which;what B. What; which C. Whose; that D. What; who ( )2.—Excuse me, how long will it take me to get to the post office —Well, it depends on . A. how you will get there B. when you will get there C. where you will get D. how will you get there ( )3.—Excuse me. Could you please tell me ______ —Sure. Go along this street and turn left. It’s on your right. A. when I can get to the bookstore B. when can I get to the bookstore C. how I can get to the bookstore D. how can I get to the bookstore ( )4.—Why are you so worried —I’ve lost the watch ______ my dad bought me on my birthday. A. what B. who C. whose D. which ( )5. She often parks her car near the house _____she can easily get to. A. where B. who C. which D. what ( )6. Could you please tell ______ A. how can I make the machine work B. how I can make the machine work C. how I can make the machine to work D. how can I make the machine to work ( )7.—What did the manager ask you after the meeting —She asked me__________. A. what I do for the project last week B. if can I finish the work on time C. how did I deal with the problem D. why I was late for the meeting