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Unit 1Inside ViewConversation 1Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li. I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But I’m not in Oxford right now. And I haven’t gone back home to China either. It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer. I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities. I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city. So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London. This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter. And what’s my job? Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day. But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him. So can you tell me something about London, Andy?Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world. .Joe: Except for New York!Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh!Joe: And your point is…?Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York…Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much. It’s a fact.Andy: A fact! Are you serious?\Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world.Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself…Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。
新标准⼤学英语（第⼆版）视听说3听⼒原⽂及选择题整理⼤学英语三视听说3第⼆版听⼒材料以及选择排序题整理U1Outside view1-2原⽂Presenter: Happiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school. Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale of its students, by teaching happiness in classes. Students at Heidelberg’s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages. This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17- to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams. Ernst Fritz-Sch ubert, the school’s principal, is on a mission to change things.Ernst: It was my idea –I’ve been at this school for 31 years, and I feel that school and happiness have to be reunited. These are two terms which are not considered together, because one does not connect school with happiness. In some cases school comes behind the dentist on the popularity scale and we should try to push schools’ popularity a bit. It has been proved by science that a happy student can learn more than an unhappy one. Unhappy students can concentrate for a while but do not use all their potential. The happiness classes are intended to help students fulfill their potential. They will help the students live happy and prosperous lives.Presenter: The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem. In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort. Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole. During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers’ behaviour. The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer.Outside view 3-4原⽂Bjoern: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk. Through this exercise, I hope they learn something about themselves. Why do I move like this? How do others see my way of walking? I hope that with a higher body awareness they ideally – of course it will take time – achieve a higher self-consciousness which could lead to happiness. Wolfgang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness. Now the question is: How do I define happiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening of the personality. We are providing helpful suggestions to make stronger people. People that ask "Who am I as a person? Am I really happy?" Pascal: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves. You cannot go into a coaching lesson and say, “Teach me happiness.” One can only get indications from teachers or the visiting lecturers. There are also happiness scientists, if we could talk to one of those I’m sure he would have some hints.Yosma: You would think that the teachers are writing definitions on the board. Not true. Those who want happiness have to find it for themselves, you cannot really learn that.Presenter: So what does it take to be happy, and can you learn it at school?News report 原⽂1、Recent statistics show that young people are heading abroad in ever-increasing numbers – at least temporarily. Experts say spending time overseas can give students an advantage when looking for a job after they graduate. Employers are attracted to candidates with international experience and global skills.Audrey Morgan, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, was inspired to learn Spanish. She decided to spend a semester studying in Spain during her junior year. That experience led to the job she has today, as an engineer for a technology company with offices all over the world.Her current work project involves working closely with an organization in Spain, and her fluent Spanishmeans she is able to translate documents from Spanish to English and communicate with her Spanish co-workers. She hopes to work in one of her company’s international offices within a few years.It’s up to students to decide how long they want to spend studying overseas. They may go for a year, a semester or a summer. However long or short the time, they are sure to have a rewarding experience. Q1: How does studying abroad give students an advantage in the job hunt?A. Employers are looking for candidates who have global skills.Q2: How much time should students spend overseas?D. Any amount.2、Potential college students are once again facing the annual ordeal of college admissions. Each year many university-bound students in the US fear writing the required college application essay. However, it is a chance for students to show admission officers who they really are beyond grades and test scores.A strong, well-written essay can make a difference when universities are choosing between talented applicants.Each university has its own set of essay prompts and questions that students can answer. They want students to reveal their best qualities and interests, show their creativity, as well as their writing skills. One university’s sample prompt is: “Describe the world you come from –for example, your family, community or school –and tell u s how your world has shaped your dreams and aspirations.” Or a question simply asking “What makes you happy?”Some students find that the essay is one of the most challenging things they’ve written. They have to think about issues that really matter to them, what their values are and what their experiences mean to them. Usually, by the end of the process, students will have discovered a lot about themselves that they didn’t know before.Q1: What do we learn about the college application essay from the news report?D. Students are required to submit an essay to universities.Q2: How do students feel about writing the college application essay?B. Students are afraid of writing the essay.Inside view1、Interviewer: Can you tell me … how do you think you have changed as you have matured? What things have had a major influence on you?Speaker 1: Well, let me think ... I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life. It made me much more open-minded. I met so many different types of people there with weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I see the world. I’m much more tolerant now ... It made me a more rounded person.Interviewer: Great ... And has any particular person had a central role in forming your character? Speaker 1:I guess that’d ha ve to be my grandfather. I was very close to him and he taught me to stand up for my beliefs. He was always telling me about his ...Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life?Speaker 2: I think that travelling in my gap year made me grow up and see both the beauty of the world and, well ... just the generosity of ordinary people. I travelled a lot around Asia and you know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, and they possess a real joy for life. It’s probably made me a less selfish person.Interviewer: Interesting. ... So you would recommend that young people take a gap year to discover themselves and the world?Speaker 2: Definitely. It gives you an opportunity to learn about the world beyond the one you grew up in and I found it really …Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in forming your personality?Speaker 3: Well ... a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all lived in a house together. Each week someone was voted off by the audience. I got down to the final three! I suppose being on the show and seeing how the other contestants behaved made me realize howselfis h and spiteful some people can be just to get what they want. I also realized it’s best to just be yourself in life. If you pretend to be someone different people will eventually see through the lies. Interviewer: Right ... And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off?Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you. But you know … a slight regret that I didn’t win because I kind of ...Interviewer: So can you tell me, what one thing do you think has had the biggest impact on your life? Speaker 4: Hmm, that’s a difficult question. But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004 had a very great impact on me. I’m half Thai and I’d just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday. When I heard the news I knew I had to help –you couldn’t not. I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteer doctors. It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even in the middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amount of genuine human kindness.Interviewer: That’s amazing! And ha s it changed the way you view your future ...1. How did going to university change Speaker 1?C. It made him more open-minded.2. How did travelling change Speaker 2?rD. It made her grow up.3. How did being on a reality TV show change Speaker 3?A. It m ade him realize it’s important to be yourself.4. What did volunteering help Speaker 4 see?B. Genuine human kindness.2、Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counsellor at Manchester University. She gives advice to school students on choosing the right subject to study at university. Joan, welcome to the show. Joan: Thanks Tony.Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It’s a huge, potentially life-changing decision, isn’t it?Joan: Yes. I generally give students advice in two areas. Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to the future.Tony:When you say “know yourself” what do you mean?Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traits and the things you like.Tony: I see ... So how can our listeners do this?Joan:Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far. For example, what subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and self-disciplined person? Are you confident and outgoing? Do you like working with others in a team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds of questions will help you discover more about yourself.Tony: Sounds like good advice. How about your second point regarding the future?Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future career so it’s important to look into this carefully. I recommend you check not only which academic subjects will help you get into a particular area of work, but also look carefully at what universities offer. Each university has its strengths so try to choose one that is the best in your chosen field. Find out what links the department has to related industries and leading companies in it.Tony: Good point. Now I’d like to take some calls from our listeners. First up we have James on the line. Hi James! How can we help?James: Hi. I’m interested in a career in IT and I’d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it’s better to go to a highly respected university, like Oxford, or to study somewhere that has more of a vocational focus? Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how you see your future. Basically a handful of the brightest graduates are picked from the top universities around the world to join the leading IT companies. So I’d say if you’re a high-flyer then this is the route that might be for you. But if you are looking for a more mainstream career then you should consider a course that helps you acquire practical, transferable skills that you can use in the workplace ... and lookat which universities have the best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of job you are aiming for. James: I see! Thanks a lot. That really helps me out …UNIT2Outside view1、Presenter: Around the world many children are living in poverty. Many children live in countries where there is war. Many children do not get enough to eat. Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition. Many children in the world cannot go to school. One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF. UNICEF means the United Nations Children’s Fund. UNICEF has more than 7,000 people working in 157 countries around the world to help children. One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan. A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace, until recently. Now, UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished children. They are bringing medicine. Here a medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village. And UNICEF is helping the children get an education. DrLaroche: During the time of Taliban we have made a survey among 40,000 kids. And, uh, and they all say that the first thing they want is peace. And the second thing that they want is, was education. Presenter: The Taliban destroyed almost 2,000 schools. Under the Taliban, girls were not allowed to attend school at all.Moyeen: Well, over 50 per cent of the school has been destroyed completely. In the rest of the 50 per cent schools which, eh, eh, needs repair, we are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools. Presenter:Some of the schools are in people’s homes. This is a home school in Kabul. The teacher, HabibaKilwati, has been running the school for 12 years. She supervises 26 other schools like it.2、Student 1: We want to learn, so we can become teachers, doctors, or engineers and be like normal students.Presenter: It was dangerous for children to go to school. Under the Taliban, police punished families whose children went to school. Today, children are happy to be in school.Student 2: This morning I had some tea and an egg and came to school. I have notebooks, pencils, erasers, and friends and fun here.Presenter: UNICEF is helping rebuild the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways. UNICEF is helping to train teachers. They are rebuilding schools. They are printing textbooks, and delivering books and other supplies to schools. This girls school was closed under the Taliban. Now it is opening again. It has room for 960 students. These girls are happy to be back in school.Student 3: I am very disappointed and sad that I wasted six years. There was no education then. I tried to study then with my parents, but it’s not the same. It wasn’t so b ad, but now I am much happier because the schools are reopening.Maliha: We plan to open the schools and get these children enrolled and back in school. And to give them back their education, so they can read and write.Afghan man: When the Taliban came to power and closed the schools, girls stayed at home. Now there is an opportunity for them to continue their education. We are very happy about this. We can be proud of our girls, our young people. They can go back to school.Presenter: UNICEF is working on its mission to bring food, medicine, and education to the children of Afghanistan. In the process, they are also bringing hope.1.What happened when children went to school under the Taliban?D. The police punished their families.2.How is UNICEF helping to rebuild the educational system?A. They are printing textbooks and delivering books to schools.3.How many girls does the girls school have room for?B. 960.4.What did Student 3 try to do in the past six years?B. To study with her parents.5.Why does the Afghan man feel happy and proud?A. Because girls can continue with their education.News report > 1For those of you who were thinking the selfie was the final development in photography, there’s something new – a growing trend for people to recreate their childhood photos as adults. Some people recreate the photos as an amusing gift for their family, and others do it to relive their happy memories. Some of the photos have spread quickly across social media after being shared online.The Dobbie sisters’ family photos are the latest to go viral. The four sisters from Australia decided to create one last memory with their pet dog just before his death. They’d had Tigger since they were all children, but after 16 years together, they made the difficult decision to put him to rest. They decided to recreate a photo they found showing the girls when they were younger, sitting under a tree holding their beloved dog. The result is a heartwarming image that shows how much they have all grown and how the sisters’ love for Tigger has never changed.Q1: Why do people recreate their childhood photos according to the news report?They recreate photos to relive their happy memories.Q2: Why did the Dobbie sisters recreate the photo?C. Because the sisters wanted to create one last memory with their dog.News report > 2A rare Star Wars figurine was sold for 2,7000 US dollars. Experts say nostalgia is driving prices higher. For many adults, childhood memories revolve around the toys that they played with when they were younger. Seeing or holding an old toy from their past can transport them back to the time when they first laid eyes on it at the toy store, and the excitement they felt about taking it home to play. Toys from thepast were much simpler compared to the high-tech toys of today. Some may even argue that toys from the past encouraged children to use their creativity and imagination. In order to recapture their happy childhood memories, people collect old toys they had as children.There are many serious collectors who are willing to pay top prices to bring back memories. For example, Cabbage Patch Kids were dolls that were very popular in the 1980s. While toy stores still sell them, collectors want the original dolls and the rare collectibles are listed on eBay for up to $2,500. Other popular collectible toys are action figures such as G. I. Joes, Star Wars figures, My Little Ponies, and Barbie dolls.Q1: What is the difference between toys from the past and toys of today?D. Toys from the past encouraged more creativity and imagination than toys of today.Q2: What do we learn about old toys from the news report?B. Old toys can bring back happy memories for many people.Insideview1、One of the strangest feelings I’ve ever had was when I returned by chance to a place where I’d been happy as a child. My husband and I were visiting some friends for the weekend – they lived about 200 kilometres away. We were driving along when I suddenly saw a church in the distance that I recognized. My favourite aunt had lived very near it on a farm that my brother and I used to visit once a year with our parents.We were city kids, brought up in the middle of London, and this was a working farm – the real thing – with cows in cowsheds, fields with ponds and a muddy yard full of smelly pigs, and – we had the run of the whole place – it was just paradise for us. And then – there was the food – oh, home-made jam and bread and cakes, milk fresh from the cow. And my aunt Lottie –a farmer’s wife – and her husband, Uncle George and their kids, Katie and Ben, our two cousins who my brother and I really got on with. It was heaven that week we used to spend there. They moved from the farm when I was … how old? –about 14. So I’d never been back or seen it again.An yway, there we were, and I’d just seen the church –so we turned off and drove down this really narrow lane. And before I knew it we were in front of Aunt Lottie’s farm! The extraordinary thing was that it hadn’t changed – not one tiny bit.It was a lovely old place with a typical country cottage garden, full of flowers. There were lots of barns and sheds – they were next to –next to the farm. And you know, I can’t even begin to describe the feeling I had standing there. It was –oh, what was it? –an incredibly powerful feeling of longing –nostalgia for the past –for times when I’d been very, very happy. But it was the past. I hadn’t been there for 20 years and I couldn’t go back, so I also had a feeling of huge sadness, that I couldn’t havethose times again. And – at the same time – great sweetness, because those times had been so happy, so innocent –because I was a child! So there was this extraordinary mix –of longing, sadness and sweetness, all at the same time. It was the strangest feeling I’ve ev er had.1. Why were the speaker and her husband near the farm?C. Because they were visiting friends.2. Where had the speaker been brought up?B. In the middle of London.3. Why does the speaker describe the farm as “just paradise”?A. Because it was a real farm and she and her brother could run around.4. What food does the speaker mention?C. Jam, bread, cakes and milk.5. What do we learn about the farm?D. The garden was full of flowers.6. What feelings does the speaker mention?A. A longing for the past, sadness and sweetness.2、Interviewer:So what’s your first memory of school, Kevin?Kevin:I was really looking forward to school, I remember that, I just couldn’t wait. Yeah, Johnny, my brother, was a year older than me and he seemed so grown-up, with his red blazer and smart shoes.And I wanted to go to school and be grown-up too. I don’t remember much of the first day actually, apart from this little boy lying on the floor and screaming and screaming and me thinking what a baby he was. Interviewer: Right! What about you, Eva?Eva: I just have this one memory of this coat rack with all our coats. And I was looking for my peg which had a little picture of an elephant next to it. I remember I was crying because I wanted to go home and I coul dn’t get my coat on. I was crying so much and then the teacher came and helped me. Interviewer: OK, so what about your first best friend at school?Kevin:Oh, yeah, well, Steve, I remember him? because he’s still my best friend!Interviewer: Still your best friend!Eva:That’s so great!Kevin:Yeah, we didn’t know each other before we started school but we became really good friends and so did our mums. Our families ended up going on holiday together and that kind of thing. But we used to fight a lot, Steve and I, and the teachers used to get very cross with us. But we were just having fun. Interviewer: Cool! And what about you, Eva?Eva: My best friend was a girl called Robina. She had short blond hair, I remember I thought she looks (looked) like an angel. We sat next to each other and held hands and played fairies in the playground. She left in Year 3 and I cried for days. Interviewer: Oh, how sad! So what about the day you left school? How was that?Eva: I had a lot of mixed feelings, I remember walking home with this amazing feeling of freedom, you know, no more rules, no more bossy teachers. But I also felt pretty sad, because I’d had some good times. I was in a group of girls who were so supportive of each other.Kevin:I couldn’t wait to leave, I was counting the days. I just wanted to get a job, get a life, earn some cash. The day I left, I went out to celebrate with a couple of my mates and – had a very good time!UNIT3Outside view1、Part 1Voice-over: The Mona Lisa, the most famous painting in the world, was truly revolutionary even in its time. While he was painting the Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci broke all the rules, even his own. In spite of the fact that Leonardo and other artists believed that women should only be portrayed with eyes gazing slightly down, Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa looking directly at the viewer. The position of her body is another innovation. While her face looks straight ahead her body is slightly turned, a pose that creates a sense of movement and tension. In another break from tradition, the Mona Lisa is not wearing any jewellery or adornments. Finally, backgrounds in portraits usually indicated a real place but the landscape in Leonardo’s portrait seems almost i maginary.Anne: One of the things I like to do is, um, think about her face and why, what is she trying, why, what is she trying to say with her face, and I used to think that her face told more than one story. For instance, if I covered up one side of her face, it seemed like she might be a little sad or reserved, almost secretive. Scott:Her eyes are, they’re kind of looking at us or around us, through us perhaps. I think with that painting she’s the viewer and we’re the subject in a way. And she has this look that she knows something that we don’t know.Anne: And then when I covered up that side and looked at the other side, she seemed happier, um, more satisfied. And together it created sort of the mystery about her that, um, made interpreting her face very enigmatic.Scott:There’s speculation that the Mona Lisa is a self-portrait of Leonardo and I, I believe that it is, there, there, the features do line up between the Mona Lisa and sketches of Leonardo.Voice-over:2、Part 2Anne: When I was young, um, I was always interested in, um, reading books about people and, and the dynamics, different kinds of relationships they had and so when I became a painter it was natural for me to be interested in painting people and looking for similar kinds of stories to tell about them, that you might read about in a book.Scott: Uh, most of my work consists of photographic self-portraiture. Um, I’m interested in using myself as the subject, um, not only as the creator of the image but as the, the character, or the performer of, of the images.Anne:So in my portraits I’m trying to capture, um, a deeper essence of a person, um, more or less. Scott: This work here is done with a pinhole camera, which requires a very long exposure so, with a portrait you can get this feelin g of time passed. It’s not a, it’s not an instant, per se, it could be five minutes of exposure.Anne:So this is another project I’m working on. I’m almost finished with it but I still need to work on the reflections in the water, um, and the face of the boy before it’s finished.Scott: I often work with multiples and, you know, using a mirror or the same image twice and what I wanted to do was link the two portraits together with the string. It’s kind of the string of thought or this idea of remembering or the resilience of memory.Anne:I don’t just paint from photographs. I try to make a work of art. Um, I try to make a painting that goes beyond a mere photographic image. I try to capture something about the soul of the, or the essence of this person.Scott:This piece here is, uh, it’s called The Measure of Decay and behind the piece there are portraits, again, of me. I have this clay covering on that has cracked and so it’s, it’s kind of like the process of decay. So as each portrait goes around you can, you can see the image in a different focus.Anne:I love painting portraits. I love painting but portraits are very special because they’re about people. Scott:I’m fascinated by portraiture in general, and the human body and how that image lives over ti me. Anne: I like to capture what is unique and special about an individual in paint.News report>1Israeli artist EyalGever is working on a project that will be the first artwork created in space. It will be a 3D sculpture made inside the International Space Station. He will create his artwork using a zero-gravity 3D printer. Once it is finished, the sculpture will be released into the universe.Working with NASA, Gever’s space project is named “Laugh”. The 3D printer will produce a physical representatio n of a person’s laugh. Sound cannot travel in space, but this sculpture can show what laughter looks like.Gever is asking people around the world to participate in his project. There is a social media campaign called “LaughInSpace”, where people are invit ed to record and submit their laughter online. When the audio samples have been collected, people will be invited to vote on which clip should be represented in the sculpture. Then Gever will use the sounds of the winner’s laughter to create the space scul pture.。
Unit 1Inside ViewConversation 1Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li. I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But I’m not in Oxford right now. And I haven’t gone back home to China either. It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer. I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities. I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city. So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London. This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter. And what’s my job? Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day. But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him. So can you tell me something about London, Andy? Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world. .Joe: Except for New York!Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh!Joe: And your point is…?Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York…Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much. It’s a fact.Andy: A fact! Are you serious?\Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world. Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself…Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。
Unit 3 New orleans is sinkingFor 300 years，the sea has been closing in on New Orleans. As the coastal erosion continues，it is estimated the city will be off shore in 90 years. Even in good weather，New Orleans is sinking。
As the city begins what is likely to be the biggest demolition project in U。
S. history，the question is, can we or should we put New Orleans back together again?Life has been returning to high and dry land on Bourbon Street, but to find the monumental challenge facing the city you have to visit neighborhoods you have never heard of。
On Lizardi Street，60 Minutes took a walk with the men in charge of finishing what Katrina started.Correspondent Scott Pelley reports。
Before Katrina，”There would be noise and activity and families and people，and children, and，you know, I haven’t seen a child in a month here,” says Greg Meffert, a city official who, with his colleague Mike Centineo，is trying to figure out how much of the city will have to be demolished。
3-1 Passage oneInterviewer: Can you tell me…how do you think you have changed as you have matured?What things have had a major influence on you?Speaker 1 : Well, let me think…I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life. It made me much more open-minded. I met so many different types of people there with weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I see the world. I‘m much more tolerant now… It made me a more rounded pe rson.Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character?Speaker 1: I guess that‘d have to be my grandfather. I was very close to him, and he taught me to stand up for my beliefs. He was always telling me about this…Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life?Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap year made me grow up and see both the beauty of the world and, well…just the generosity of ordinary people. I traveled a lot around Asia a nd you know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, and they possess a real joy for life. It‘s probably made me a less selfish person.Interviewer: Interesting…so you would recommend t hat young people take a gap year to discover themselves and the world?Speaker 2: Definitely. It gives you an opportunity o learn about the world beyond the one you grew up in and I found it really…Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in forming your personality?Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all lived in a house together. Each week some one was voted off by the audience. I got down to the final three! I suppose being on the show and seeing how the other contestants behaved made me realize how selfish and spiteful some people can be just to get what they want. I also realized it‘s best to just be yourself in life. If you pretend to be someone different people will eventually see through the lies.Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off?Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you. But you know, a slight regret that I didn‘t win because I kind of…Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you think that has had the biggest impact on your life?Speaker 4: Hmm, that‘s a difficult question. But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004 had a very great impact on me. I‘m half Thai and I‘d just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday. When I heard the news I knew I had to help-you couldn‘t not. I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteer doctors. It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even in the middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amount of genuine human kindness.Interviewer: That‘s amazing! And has it changed the way you view your future…采访者你能不能告诉我…你认为在你渐渐成熟的过程中产生了怎样的变化呢？什么事情对你产生了主要的影响？发言人1 嗯，让我想想… 我认为上大学对我的生活产生了重大的影响。
高级英语视听说听记教程3听力原文English:Listening Comprehension Tutorial 3: Passage.Passage:The twentieth century was a century of unprecedented technological advancement. From the invention of the airplane to the advent of the computer, technology has transformed the way we live our lives. While some may argue that technology has had a negative impact on society, it is undeniable that it has played a vital role in improving our quality of life.Technology has made it possible for us to communicate with people all over the world instantaneously. Theinternet has revolutionized the way we access information, and social media has allowed us to stay connected with friends and family who live far away. Technology has alsomade it possible for us to learn new things and acquire new skills. Online education has become increasingly popular, and there are now countless resources available to help us learn anything we want.Technology has also improved our health and well-being. Medical advancements have led to the development of new treatments for diseases, and technology has made it possible for us to monitor our health more closely. We can now use fitness trackers to track our activity levels, and there are apps that can help us manage our diet and sleep patterns.Technology has undoubtedly made our lives easier and more convenient. We can now order groceries online, pay our bills with a few clicks, and bank from the comfort of our own homes. Technology has also made it possible for us to work from anywhere in the world, and it has given us more flexibility in our schedules.However, it is important to remember that technology is a tool, and like any tool, it can be used for good or forevil. It is up to us to use technology in a way that benefits society and makes the world a better place.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. What are some of the benefits of technology?3. What are some of the potential drawbacks of technology?4. How can we use technology for good?Answers:1. The main idea of the passage is that technology has had a profound impact on our lives, both positive and negative.2. Some of the benefits of technology include theability to communicate instantaneously with people all overthe world, access information quickly and easily, learn new things, improve our health and well-being, and make ourlives easier and more convenient.3. Some of the potential drawbacks of technologyinclude the potential for it to be used for evil, the possibility of it leading to social isolation, and the potential for it to be addictive.4. We can use technology for good by using it toconnect with others, to learn new things, to improve our health and well-being, and to make the world a better place.中文回答：段落：二十世纪是技术飞速发展的世纪。
Unit 1 Gender and SocietyAnalytical listeningListening 1A LectureA | &B |OK, so today we’re going to continue on the topic of how children are socialized. We’ll be looking at gender socialization—in other words, how, how children learntheir gender roles. Gender is something that we learn— first from our parents, then from our peers, from school, and from the culture we live in. OK, let’s start withour parents. Generally, our gender roles are pretty clear to us by the time we’re around three years old. So how do we, how do we learn these roles so quickly?Well, one way is simply by what our parents say to us. Parents give female children a lot of compliments on how they look—on their appearance, right? We say things like, “What a pretty girl!” o r “That’s a nice dress you’re wearing.” Girls might get compliments on other things, too, but they, they soon learn that being feminine has something to do with being attractive or pretty, right? Boys, in contrast, are complimented on what they do. We say things like, “Look how fast little Timmy canrun! Good for you, Timmy!” So over time, boys learn that being, being masculine has something to do with their behaviour and with being active.Our peers, when we’re children—girls and boys around the same age as we are—also teach us about gender roles, and sometimes they’re not very nice about this either. They make fun of children who aren’t following the rules. Can you remember kids from your childhood who didn’t follow the gender rules? Schools continue, scho olscontinue the process of gender socialization. Some schools have separate classes for girls and boys, and, um, of course school uniforms are different— pants for boys,and skirts or dresses for girls. Finally, the culture we live in has a lot to teachus about gender roles.C |As you know, one of the first questions when a baby is born is, “Is it a boy or a girl?” We think it’s important to know this because when children grow up, theirrole in the world depends on their gender—at least to some degree. But nowadays, gender roles are changing, and besides, there have always been a few people who arenot average, who do not follow the usual gender pattern.One person from history who did not follow her usual gender role was Hatshepsut. Around 150 years before Tutankhamen ruled ancient Egypt as pharaoh, or king, Hatshepsut ruled for 21 years as the female king of Egypt. That’s right—female king, because there was no such thing as a queen as leader. A few women had filled the role of leader when their sons were too young to rule, but Hatshepsut stayed in power even after her stepson, Tutmose III, was old enough to rule. And she accomplished a lot while she was king! Up and down the Nile River we can still see the monuments and buildings that were constructed or repaired while Hatshepsut was king. It seems that she did not want to be forgotten.Besides the buildings and monuments, we have a lot of art from the time of Hatshepsut. And what’s interesting is that at first, Hatshepsut is shown with female characteristics—she was clearly a woman, but with the clothing and symbols of a king. For example, in one statue, she is seated and has the body of a woman but is wearing the headdress of a king. In later years, we see the reverse. All of the later artwork shows h er as a man, with male characteristics. We’re not sure why Hatshepsut had her artists do this, but it may have helped her to keep power. It might have been easier for Egyptians to accept a man as king—or at least someone who looked like a man.Listening 2A Conversation Between ClassmatesA |Mia: Hey, Dylan! Long time, no see!Dylan: Yeah, it’s been ages! I was gone all summer. I had a job working for my uncle, so I stayed with him in Toronto for two months. What about you, Mia? How’ve you been?Mia: Great! I just spent the time right here because I was taking a course in summer school. I want to graduate early.Dylan: Wow, you’re really working hard! So,... What do you think about this class we’re in?Mia: Oh, I think it’s going to be great! It’s such a n interesting topic—“Gender and Sociology”.Dylan: Hmmph. I suppose. I can see that Professor Henley is very knowledgeable on the subject. But I can also see that I disagree with her about a lot of things.Mia: Such as... ?B |Dylan: Well, I think some jobs just aren’t good for women like firefighters for instance.Mia: What? You think women aren’t brave enough or something?Dylan: Hey, I never said that! But, well, they aren’t as strong— physically, I mean. Do you think a woman could carry me out of a burning building? Come on, everyoneknows men are stronger than women.Mia: Ha! So, you think you’re stronger than the female athletes in the Olympics,just because you’re a man?Dylan: Well, no, of course not ...Mia: Then you can’t say that all men are s tronger than all women. Here, let me draw you a graph ...Dylan: What’s that?Mia: It’s from my summer school class. We had to do some research on gender differences, and similarities. OK ... now ... look at this ... This line here shows how it looks if you make a graph of how strong women are, by how much weight they can lift. Here. A small woman can’t lift more than 20 pounds. And a woman athlete canlift 200 pounds. Right?Dylan: I don’t know, I guess so.Mia: Now, what about men? Can all men lift 200 pounds?Dylan: Well, no, probably not.Mia: Can you lift 200 pounds? Hmmm?Dylan: (laughter)Mia: So, maybe a really small man can only lift, oh, 50 pounds. And a really big man can lift 200, so not all men are equal in terms of physical strength either ... There are different levels of strength within the genders, too ... So, the line for menlooks like this ... Do you see what I mean? In fact, it’s true that most men are stronger than most women ... so there is a gender gap when it comes to physicalstreng th. But you can’t conclude that all men are stronger than all women. And ifyou have to lift, say, 150 pounds to be a firefighter, then some women can do the job. Dylan: Well, I suppose so.Mia: Besides, most women are smaller than most men. So possibly they can go into smaller spaces to rescue people.C |Dylan: It sounds like you just want women to compete with men and take their jobs away.Mia: No, I don’t! There are lots of good jobs that only women used to do, and nowmen are hired for them, too.Dyl an: Hmm. I can’t think of any!Mia: Well, look at flight attendants. For a long time people thought that only women had the ability to be helpful on planes.Dylan: Yeah, back when they still used to call them stewardesses, right?Mia: Yeah! My aunt was a flight attendant— or stewardess—when she was young, andshe said it used to be just awful. They were required to be very thin, and they weren’t allowed to keep their jobs if they gained weight! Oh, and they wereforbidden to get married, and they had to stop working when they were 32—can you imagine? But now that’s all changed, fortunately, and the airlines encourage men to become flight attendants, too. There are lots of men who are flight attendants now.Dylan: It sounds like a great job to me—traveling every day and meeting so many people. I can’t imagine why the airlines didn’t want men.Mia: Well, they thought that all women were more helpful than all men!Dylan: Now, that’s a stupid idea. And hey, men can lift heavier bags for the passengers! Remember? “Most men are stronger than most women.”Mia: Dylan, you’re impossible!Viewing the WorldWodaabeNarrator: For 51 weeks of the year, the Wodaabe, a nomadic African tribe, eke out a living on a parched strip of land in West Africa.In the 52nd week, they dance. This is far more than an ordinary dance, though. Part beauty pageant and part mating ritual, this dance is part of a seven-day festivalthat gives the men in the tribe the opportunity to show off for the women. For Wodaabe men, this is the time to weave the web of enchantment. For psychologists, the Wodaabe festival provides insight into the impact of appearance on attraction and social behavior.All the Wodaabe—but especially the men—pride themselves on their physical beauty. Light skin, thin lips, a long nose and jawline. The Wodaabe consider these to be the ideal features, and they accentuate them with carefully applied makeup.Wodaabe Man: If a man puts black color on his lips, it makes his white teeth stand out, and this is very attractive to women. If a man puts yellow on his face, it brings out his charm and personality and makes him irresistible.Narrator: The first part of the dance, known as the yaake, begins in the late afternoon. The dancers face the setting sun so its golden rays will enhance their beauty.The object of the yaake is to make oneself as irresistible as possible to the group of eligible women who are monitoring every move and expression.Narrator: The three most beautiful women of the clan act as judges. They expresstheir approval of certain dancers by a tap on the chest without making eye contact.It is taboo for them to look directly at those they find attractive. The yaake ends just before sunset. Slowly the dancers disperse to prepare for the night’s festivities.After a rest period, preparations for the second part of the dance begin—the sacred dance of physical beauty called the geerewol. Unlike the yaake, in which the men are evaluated on charm and personality as well as looks, the geerewol dancers will be judged on the basis of beauty alone. Only the most handsome men dare to compete.Narrator: Normally the geerewol would be danced throughout the night, but a drought has shortened the supply of drinking water, so the Wodaabe elders call a halt to thedancing shortly before midnight. By then, many of the members have paired up. The women have chosen the men they find most attractive and appealing.Shortly after sunrise on the final night, the Wodaabe prepare to leave thecelebration site. After a week of dancing, they are once again nomads.Further ListeningListening 1Kabuki is a traditional form of singing and dancing theater that is still popular in Japan. One unusual characteristic of kabuki is that all the roles of women are played by male actors called onnagata. These actors spend many years studying women’s behavior and activities, such as sewing. Some people say that the actors are more feminine than real women are!There are many examples of male actors who play roles of the opposite gender, but the r everse doesn’t happen very often. The Year of Living Dangerously is a famous movie from the 1980s. It’s about an Australian journalist who meets a news photographer during a time of terrible violence.Many people didn’t notice that the star who played the role of Billy Kwan, the photographer, was actually a woman. Linda Hunt won an Academy Award for her acting in the movie. She gave Billy Kwan many characteristics that people think are masculine, especially courage.In the time of William Shakespeare, women were generally not allowed to appear on a theater stage. In Shakespeare’s plays, female characters like Juliet (in Romeo and Juliet) were played by young boys. Some of them became very famous, like Nathan Field. When their voices changed and they grew older, these actors had to start playing men’s roles.Listening 2Question: Timis County is located in the western part of which European Country?Eric Yang knew the answer. “Romania!” he said, and became the winner of theNational Geographic Bee. Every year, thousands of young people compete in this international contest of geographical knowledge. Three winners from each country go on to the world championship.For years, however, the contest’s organizers have wondered about a question of their own: An equal number of girls and boys enter the contest at the school and regional levels. Why are so many of the national winners boys? In the United States, Eric’s home country, only two girls have won the top prize since 1989.Gender may also be a factor in success at the world championships, too.When the National Geographic World Championship was held in Mexico City, a team of three boys from Canada beat 16 other national teams. The second prize went to three boys from the U.S.A., and the third prize to three boys from Poland.As in the past, most contestants were male, and two scientists investigated the reasons for this. They concluded that there is in fact a small gender gap in geography, but they couldn’t find the cause. Possibly, boys are taught to be more assertive than girls, or they might feel more pressure from their parents. Maybe boys have a better ability to use maps. Or maybe teachers encourage boys more in geography classes.Listening 3For most of the year, the Wodaabe are nomadic, moving from place to place to find grass for their cattle. For one week each year, however, it’s festival time for the Wodaabe. It’s called the geerewol, and it’s a chance for Wodaabe men to show offfor the women.The geerewol is a kind of beauty pageant, and the men who participate wear makeup to emphasize the features that are considered beautiful by the Wodaabe: long noses, strong white teeth, and large eyes, among other characteristics.The geerewol is all about attraction—both physical beauty and charm. While the men dance, the women watch and carefully evaluate the men’s appearance. When anavailable woman finds a man who is irresistible to her, she lets him know with small gestures. With many women watching, the pageant has many winners.Unit 2 Human MigrationAnalytical ListeningListening 1A PowerPoint LectureA |Professor: OK, could someone please turn off the lights? Good, thanks. Now, can everyone see the slide? Good. Now, we’ve been talking about emigration from one country to anot her. But emigration isn’t always from a country. In this first slide, you see a map of the state of North Dakota—in the U.S. We’re going to focus on this part of the state—western North Dakota. One hundred years ago, North Dakota had something that many immigrants were looking for. What do you think it was?Student: Was it farmland?Professor: That’s right. North Dakota had land, and that land attracted many immigrants from Europe— especially from Norway and Germany. They left their native countries and moved abroad. In North Dakota, they planted wheat, and they builthouses and new towns. Nowadays, however, more and more people are leaving North Dakota—especially the rural areas—and moving to other states in the U.S. But before we get to that, let’s look m ore closely at the reasons immigrants left theiroriginal countries and went to North Dakota in the first place.B | &C |Professor: OK, could someone please turn off the lights? Good, thanks. Now, can everyone see the slide? Good. Now, we’ve been talkin g about emigration from one country to another. But emigration isn’t always from a country. In this first slide, you see a map of the state of North Dakota—in the U.S. We’re going to focus on this part of the state—western North Dakota. One hundred years ago, North Dakota had something that many immigrants were looking for. What do you think it was?Student: Was it farmland?Professor: That’s right. North Dakota had land, and that land attracted many immigrants from Europe— especially from Norway and Germany. They left their native countries and moved abroad. In North Dakota, they planted wheat, and they builthouses and new towns. Nowadays, however, more and more people are leaving North Dakota—especially the rural areas—and moving to other states in the U.S. But before we get to that, let’s look more closely at the reasons immigrants left theiroriginal countries and went to North Dakota in the first place.Professor: That’s right. North Dakota had land, and that land attracted many immigrants from Europe— especially from Norway and Germany. They left their native countries and moved abroad. In North Dakota, they planted wheat, and they builthouses and new towns. Nowadays, however, more and more people are leaving North Dakota—especially the rural areas—and moving to other states in the U.S. But before we get to that, let’s look more closely at the reasons immigrants left theiroriginal countries and went to North Dakota in the first place.Professor: This second slide shows one important reason—trains. By the early part of the 20th century, trains had arrived in this part of the country, so travel was easier. And when the railroad companies finished building, they sold their extra land—and they sold it cheap. The U.S. government was also selling land at low prices, and there were even ways to get land for free! You just had to live on the land for five years, plant some trees, and do a little farming—easy, right? Well, as you’ll see in this next slide, life wasn’t easy. The family that used to live in this house left a long time ago. That’s because after the 1920s, North Dakota had several yearsof very dry, very windy weather. The economic crisis of the 1930s made things even more difficult, so many farmers had to sell their land and leave.Professor: This next slide is a picture of Corinth in the middle of winter—a town that once had 75 people living in it. One of the six people who still live in Corinth today is a farmer named Melvin Wisdahl. Melvin is 83 years old. And though his two sons are still farm ers, Melvin’s grandchildren will probably emigrate. That’s the trend in North Dakota. There aren’t many jobs, and there aren’t many people.But that’s not the whole story. This picture was taken at the North Dakota State University in Fargo. And it looks l ike a nice place, doesn’t it? In fact, some people are moving to North Dakota, but they’re moving to the larger cities, not to the small towns.Professor: So, what is happening in the small towns? Well, some people are trying to fight the emigration trend and preserve the old communities. Here, you see the Mystic Theatre in Marmarth, North Dakota. Every year, they invite poets to come here for the Cowboy Poets Weekend. That’s right—a whole weekend of poetry from writers in the Western states—and it’s a big event! Sadly, though, experts think the changes in North Dakota aren’t just temporary, they are permanent. They don’t think these small towns will grow again. Are there any questions?Listening 2A Small Group DiscussionA |Professor Garcia: All righ t! Now we’re going to take our discussion of immigration and emigration to a more personal level. I’m going to have you divide into groups of four. Then I want you to tell your group about someone you know who has emigrated—gone to live in another country— temporarily, or permanently. Does everyone have the chart? In the boxes across the top of the chart, you can write the names of the people in your group … OK … here on the left is the information you’re going to need. First, you’re going to write down who emigrated—their name, or their relationship to your classmate. Next, where did they come from? And where did they go to? Then … why did they emigrate? And finally, you’re going to take notes about whether they assimilated … or not!B | &C |Emily: OK, le t’s get started … Are we all here? Sunisa, Josh, Nasir …Sunisa: And what’s your name?Emily: Sorry! I’m Emily … So, Josh, has your family always lived here in Chicago?Josh: Well, always since, oh, the 1930s. My grandparents came here from Poland, my dad’s parents.Nasir: Really? Why’d they leave?Josh: Have you forgotten your history? Poland was a dangerous place then. Everyone knew a war was coming, and my grandparents were lucky enough to get out. They had relatives in Chicago, so they settled in a Polish neighborhood there. Polish church, Polish grocery store, Polish everything. My grandma never really learned English.Emily: So, they didn’t want to assimilate.Josh: Not really. But then the next generation wasn’t interested in Polish customs or anythi ng. My dad and my uncle were crazy about baseball. That’s all they cared about. And my grandparents were so unhappy when they didn’t marry nice Polish girls!Nasir: What about you? Are you interested in Polish culture?Josh: Well, maybe a little … It woul d be fun to travel there. But like Professor Garcia said, my family is pretty well assimilated. We’re just regular Americans. Though we retain some Polish customs, for example we always eat Polish food oncertain holidays ….Sunisa: And, Nasir, you’re from Pakistan, right?Nasir: Yeah, from Karachi.Sunisa: Did you always live there?Nasir: Yeah … but when I was younger, my dad worked in Saudi Arabia. He was a water engineer, out in the desert there. It was a really good job, and he could come home for a month every year.Josh: Do you mind if I ask … did he earn a lot of money there?Nasir: Yes, he did. But it was really hard for my mother. Most of the year she was the head of the family, but when he was home, everything changed. And my littlesister was born while my father was working in Saudi. She cried every time he came back because she didn’t remember him.Sunisa: That sounds really tough …Nasir: It was. But he earned enough to send all of us to good schools. And then he started his own engineering firm in Karachi. So in the end, it was a positive thing.Emily: Do you think it changed your father, … living overseas like that?Nasir: Yeah … I think it made him even more Pakistani! After that, he only wore traditional Pakistani clothes, and he never wanted to eat foreign food!Nasir: So, … what about your family, Emily?Emily: Huh! None of them ever did anything interesting … well, except for my Uncle Jack. He emigrated from England to Australia back in the 1950s.Josh: Cool! You can go see your relatives in Australia!Emily: Mmm, not exactly … Back then, Australia was really trying to increase its population. If you wanted to settle there, they gave you a very cheap ticket and promised you a job. Uncle Jack was 26, and he couldn’t find a girlfriend. Au stralia sounded sooo much better than England, so off he went.Josh: And how’d he like it?Emily: Actually … he hated it! It’s so funny. He didn’t like England, but then when he got to Australia, he thought the sun was too hot, and the land was too empty, and the girls were unfriendly … and on and on …Emily: He worked for a mining company for five years, and of course there were no women there. So one day he just got on a ship and came back. He never got married, and his attitude about Australia hasn’t changed. He’s been complaining about it ever since. I don’t think he had one positive experience there.Nasir: Well, we read that a high proportion of emigrants actually do return home … what did the professor say?Emily: More than half, I think … Sunisa, w hat about you? Has anyone in your family emigrated from Thailand?Sunisa: No … actually, my ancestors emigrated to Thailand, from China. But that was so long ago that no one really remembers, maybe a hundred or two hundred years ago. A lot of Chinese moved to Thailand then.Nasir: Interesting! Do you know why?Sunisa: I’m not sure. I think they probably moved because there were too many people in China, in that region … I guess there was just no place for them, and they thought life would be better in Thailand.Emily: I hope this isn’t too personal … but is there discrimination against Chinese people in Thailand now?Sunisa: Not really. We’re not exactly a separate ethnic group. So many Chinese married Thais, we’re all mixed together. It’s not like we’re a minority there … Ultimately, we all just became typical Thais, except sometimes our names are a little different.Josh: So, do the people in your family speak Chinese?Sunisa: No! Well, actually, my grandma knows a little bit, but she learned it from her friend. I think the Chinese in my country assimilated really well. Usually people don’t even know who’s Chinese …Professor Garcia: OK,… everyone, almost finished? Next, I want you to discuss these questions that I’m writing on the board …View the WorldTurkish GermanyNarrator: It has the look and the sound of Istanbul. But this Turkish community isin Germany. In a country learning how to prosper with a diversity it didn’t want. After the devastation of World War II, Germany needed help to rebuild and so invited Turkish guest workers. Both Germans and Turks believed the arrangement was temporary.Ozcan Mutlu, Member of Parliament, Berlin: But that was a lie. It was a life lie, I say. Because no one returned.Narrator: Turks like to say that the Germans sent for workers, but got human beings. And the human beings became a vibrant community. Two hundred thousand in Berlin, two million in all of Germany. A third generation of German Turks is now being born, but many Germans still think of them as foreigners.Ozcan Mutlu: This is one reason why these people kept their ties to the home country, and why they still identify themselves as Turks.Narrator: Turkish fears grew when the Berlin Wall fell and the government focused on reunification rather than the needs of minorities.Ozcan Mutlu: Turks say the wall came down, but it came down on the heads of the Turks.Narrator: There is a rich Turkish cultural tradition in Germany. But though thecultural border between peoples here has grown more distinct, both Germans and Turks are trying to bridge it.This is a pioneering public school called Rixdorfer. Students from both cultures are taught side by side in both languages. The costs are higher than average, but so isthe success.Marion Berning, Rixdorfer Elementary School, Berlin: If you put money in the small kids, in the younger kids, you don’t have much problems when they are older.Narrator: Marion Berning hopes that what she sees here is the shape of the future.Marion Berning: They don’t see the differenc e between the Turkish and the German.And so they have no problems with foreigners. They are not foreigners. They are kids.Further ListeningListening 1Two young women go for a Sunday afternoon walk in the small town of Budesti, Romania—but their clothes say a lot about an important world trend. Along with their traditional Romanian Sunday dresses, the women are wearing fashionable foreignjackets and shoes. People in the women’s families went to live abroad to work, and then came back to their hometown, bringing money and foreign products—like these clothes.More than 2.5 million Romanians have emigrated and are now living in countries suchas Spain and Italy. For most of these people, the move is only temporary. They planto work in a store or factory for several years and then return to Romania. They send money to their families and keep in contact with them by phone. Often, they live together in a Romanian community with other people who speak their native language.Other Romanians have made a permanent move to Canada or Australia and they will never go back to live in their original country. These immigrants often face difficultiesin their new country with language, culture, and negative feelings from the localpeople. But their children usually learn to speak two languages and becomecomfortable in two cultures.Listening 2Hmong AmericansThe Hmong are an ethnic minority from Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. In the 1970s,after the war between the U.S. and Vietnam, many Hmong were forced to leave their homes, and a large number of them emigrated to the U.S. to settle permanently. The Hmong were mostly uneducated farmers in their native countries. When they emigratedto the U.S., many of them settled together in small towns and started vegetable farms. They retained many of their native customs and did not learn much English. The Hmong people mainly kept to themselves, but many of the local people did not like having them in their communities. Today, most young Hmong- Americans are bilingual and well educated, but their parents make sure the family retains the traditional culture and customs.Japanese BraziliansThe first Japanese immigrants came to Brazil in 1908, and today Brazil has thelargest Japanese community outside of Japan. Japanese immigrants came to work oncoffee farms across Brazil. They planned to stay only a few years, make money, andthen go home. However, very few returned to Japan. During the 1940s, there were many laws that restricted the activities and freedom of Japanese Brazilians. Life improved for the Japanese Brazilians in the 1970s. They moved into new fields of business and became very successful. Today, only the oldest people in the community still speak Japanese, and the majority of the youngest generation are of mixed-race.Listening 3During World War II, many Germans emigrated from their country. Then after the war, when the country was rebuilding and the economy was growing, there was a shortage of workers. So Germany made agreements with several countries to allow workers, mostly men, to live in the country for two years and work at industrial jobs. After two years, the men were expected to return to their home countries, which included Italy, Spain, Greece, and Turkey.The guest worker program began in 1955 and ended in 1973, when Germany’s economic growth slowed. In contrast to the economy, the number of foreigners in Germany continued to grow as family members joined the workers. A new agreement among European Union countries also allowed Italians to enter Germany without any special permission. In addition, a second generation had been born, and those babies werestill foreigners according to German law.。
