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后置定语语法总结

后置定语语法总结
后置定语语法总结

后置定语语法总结

Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。在初中阶段我们常见的几种后置定语如下:

一、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语

当被修饰词为复合不定代词something, anything, nothing,everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone,anyone, everyone, no one时,修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。

(1) Do you have anything else to say about it

关于这件事,你还有什么要说的吗

(2) I have something important to tell you.

我有些重要的事情要告诉你。

(3) Someone important will give the students a lecture on how to learn English well.

今天下午,一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关如何学好英语的报告。

二、形容词作疑问词的后置定语

修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where,why, how时,修饰语要后置。

(1) What important would you like to talk about

你想谈论什么重要的事情

(2) What else would you like to eat 你还想吃什么

(3) Where new have they decided to visit

他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观

三、 enough作后置定语

enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前,也可以在名词后。

(1) We have not enough time (time enough) to do the job.

我们没有足够的时间做该工作。

(2) They have enough people(people enough)to do the experiment.

他们有足够多的人手做这个实验。

但enough(adv.)修饰形容词或副词时,须位于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如:good enough (足够好的),big enough(够大的),fast enough(够快),carefully enough(足够仔细)。

四、介词短语作后置定语

the map on the wall 墙上的地图

the bird in the tree 树上的那只小鸟

the development of China 中国的发展

the way to the school 去学校的路

the life in the future 未来的生活

五、动词不定式作后置定语

1.在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。

(1) He has lots of things to do.他有很多事情要做。

(2) Jack needed someone to carry the box.

杰克需要人来搬这个箱子。

(3) She always the first one to arrive at the school.

她总是第一个到达学校。

(4) There are a lot of things to do. 有许多事情要做。

2. 在某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。

例如: ability, decision, chance, courage, right,determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness,failure, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason,struggle, time, way, wish,等等。

(1)I don’t have the courage to tell you the truth.

我没有勇气告诉你事实。

(2) Does he have the ability to do the work

他有能力干这项工作吗

(3) You have no right to do such a thing!

你没有权利做这样的事!

(4)I’ll show you my determination to stop smoking.

我将向你们表明我戒烟的决心。

六、分词短语作后置定语

1. 现在分词短语作后置定语。

(1) There is a dog lying on the ground.

有只小狗躺在地上。

(2) The girl sitting by my side is my sister.

坐在我旁边的是我妹妹。

(3) Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station.

这儿有一张地图,告诉你怎样去火车站。

2. 过去分词短语作后置定语。

(1) This is a film directed by Feng Xiaogang.

这是一部由冯小刚导演的电影。

(2) She is a nurse trained by ourselves.

她是我们自己培养的护士。

(3) What is the language spoken in Spain

西班牙使用的是什么语言

3. 部分过去分词也可以作后置定语。

例如:left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered,wounded, injured, concerned, conducted, done, held,arranged, planned, suggested, finished, completed,

arrested, given, fallen, constructed, missed,等等。

(1) Is there anybody injured有人负伤吗

(2) The money left is not enough for so many people to live through.

剩余的钱不够这么多人用的。

(3) She liked all the courses offered.

她对所开的课程都很喜欢。

(4) The experience gained will be of great value to us.

取得的经验将对我们很有价值。

七、定语从句作后置定语

1. 定语从句作后置定语的构成是:

先行词+关系代词/副词+从句。引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词,关系代词有:that,which,whose,who,whom,as,等等。关系副词有:when,where,why,等等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分(可充当主语,宾语,表语等句子成分)。

注意:关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。

(1) The student who answered the question was Jack.

回答问题的这个学生是杰克。

(2) The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

在跟你交谈的那个男孩是我的哥哥。

2. 关系代词的选用比较复杂,受下列条件的制约:

①要看先行词是指人还是指物。

People who take physical exercise live longer.

进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。

②要看关系代词在从句中句法功能。

I still remember the day when/on which my brother joined the army.(作状语)

我仍然记得我哥哥参军的那一天。

I still remember the days which/that we spent together.(作宾语)

我仍然记得我们在一起度过的日子。

I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.(作定语)

我想要一间窗户朝向大海的房间。

2020考研语法指导:定语从句详解

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? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如: ? A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside? 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构,所以常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用。例如: There are occasionswhen (on which )one must yield? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere in which ) I was born?北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why ( for which )he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗? (2)that代替关系副词,能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

(完整版)初中英语中的后置定语

初中英语中的后置定语 在英汉两种语言中,定语的作用大致相同,但值得注意的是,汉语里的定语都是放在它所修饰词之前,而在英语里,定语的位置既有在被修饰的词之前,也有在被修饰的词之后,本课主要就初中英语教学中常见的后置定语作一探讨。 一、所有的短语作定语要后置(介短、形短、不短、分短) 1.介词短语作后置定语 the fall of the Roman Empire罗马帝国的灭亡 children under ten 10岁以下的孩子 a thirst for knowledge求知欲 his experience in teaching phonetics他教授语音学的经验 Then the man in the shop understood what the Frenchman meant.(介词短语) I see you’ve made some drawings of our defence works. 2. 不定式短语作后置定语 He had no time to think about rest. 3.分词短语作后置定语,在意思上相当于一个定语从句 China stretches across a vast area covering (=which covers ) the cold, temperate and tropical zones. 中国幅员辽阔,包括寒带、温带和热带。 We are brothers sharing (=who share) weal and woe. 我们是患难与共的兄弟。 They live in a room facing (=that faces) the sea. 他们住在一间朝南的房子里。 They are problems left(=which have been left) over by history. 这些是历史遗留下来的问题。 The problem (that was) discussed has been solved. The amount of work (that was) done can be measured in this way.

初中英语语法知识点总结

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10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

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英语语法讲解之定语从句

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=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如: The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city,in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate,on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children,two of whom are abroad. (比较:He has five children,and two of them are abroad.) We have three books,none of which is/are interesting. (比较:We have three books,but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

后置定语语法总结

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高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语) 常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语) 可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose 可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose, The student who answered the question was John、 Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、 The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、 I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、 定语从句三步: 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语) 2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now? 3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语) 4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about? 5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、 6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语) 7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、 = Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。 =Ourhometown is notwhat it used to be、) ●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如: 1、Thebook which/thatwas on the deskwasbought bymy father、(主语) 2、Thebook(which/that) Ibought yesterdayis very

高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)

定语从句(1) 概念引入: She is the girl who sings best of all. 她是所有人中唱得最好的。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。 Give me the book whose cover is green. 把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。 定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法,上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗?是不是有点不同呢?从这个单元开始,我们将学习定语从句的升级版,但还是从头开始学哟。 语法点拨【高清课堂:定语从句一P1】, 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗? The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。 He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。 Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。 其中粗体的部分就是定语从句,划横线的部分叫做先行词,也就是被定语从句修饰的词。 定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词:上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分,如主语、宾语或表语。例如:Those students who study in this school are good at football. (who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语) There is still much homework which we must finish. (which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语) 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who和whom 1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导,作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。 (who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语) His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。

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