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最新-通州市二爻中学高三周练物理试卷2018-4-9[原创] 精品

最新-通州市二爻中学高三周练物理试卷2018-4-9[原创] 精品
最新-通州市二爻中学高三周练物理试卷2018-4-9[原创] 精品

通州市二爻中学高三周练物理试卷2018-4-9

命题:吴东兴

说明:

1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共150分.考试时间120分钟.2.请把第Ⅰ卷的答案写在第Ⅱ卷卷首的答题表上,第Ⅱ卷的答案写在试题指定的位置上。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题共40分)

一、选择题部分共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得4分,选不全的得2分,有选错的或不答的得O分.

1、下列说法中,不正确的是()

A、橡皮条被拉伸时,分子间引力增大,分子势能增加

B、如果气体经等温压缩,气体压强增大,这是因为气体的分子数密度增大

C、一定质量的理想气体,如果与外界没有热交换,若气体分子的平均动能增大,那么气体的压强一定增大

D、不可能从单一热源吸收热量并把它全部用来做功,而不引起其他变化

2、下列关于电磁波的说法中正确的是 ( )

A.麦克斯韦电磁场理论预言了电磁波的存在

B.电磁波从真空传入水中时,波长将变长

C.雷达是利用自身发射的电磁波来对目标进行定位的

D.医院中用于检查病情的“B超”,利用了电磁波的反射原理

3、一只电炉和一台电动机在正常工作时,通过它们的电流相同,电阻也相同,则在相同时间内()

A.电炉和电动机的电热相等

B.电炉两端电压小于电动机两端的电压

C.电炉消耗的功率等于电动机消耗的功率

D.电炉和电动机两端电压相等

4、如图(a)所示,AB是某电场中的一条电场线。若有一电子以某一初速度,仅在电场力的作用下,沿AB由A运动到B。其速度图象如图(b)所示,下列关于A、B两点的电势和电场强度E的判断不正确的是()

A.E A> E B

B.E A < E B

C. φA> φB

D. φA< φB

5、如图所示,弹簧下面挂一质量为m的物体,物体在竖直方向上作振幅为A的简谐运动,当物体振动到最高点时,弹簧正好为原长。则物体在振动过程中( )

A.物体在最低点时的弹力大小应为2mg

B.弹簧的弹性势能和物体动能总和不变

C.弹簧的最大弹性势能等于2mgA

D.物体的最大动能应等于2mgA

6、如右图,M 为固定在桌面上的L 形木块,abcd 为3/4圆周的光滑轨道,a 为轨道的最高点,de 面水平且有一定长度。今将质量为m 的小球在d 点的正上方高h 处释放,让其自由下落到d 处切入轨道运动,则: ( ) A 、在h 一定的条件下,释放后小球的运动情况与小球的质量有关。

B 、只要改变h 的大小,就能使小球通过a 点之后,既可能落回轨道之内,又可能落到de 面上。

C 、无论怎样改变h 的大小,都不可能使小球通过a 点之后,又落回轨道之内。

D 、要使小球飞出de 面之外(即e 的右面)是可能的。

7、空间存在一匀强磁场B ,其方向垂直纸面向外,另有一个空间点电荷+Q 的电场,如图所

A.

以点电荷+Q 为圆心,在垂直于纸面的平面内做圆周运动 B.开始阶段在纸面内向右偏转的曲线运动 C.开始阶段在纸面内向左偏转的曲线运动 D.沿初速度方向的直线运动

8、甲、乙两个完全相同的铜环可绕固定轴oo' 旋转,当给以相同的初角速度开始转动后,由于阻力作用,经相同的时间后便停止。若将两环置于磁感强度B 大小相同的匀强磁场中,甲环转轴与磁场方向平行,乙环转轴与磁场方向垂直,如图所示,当甲、乙两环同时以相同的初角速度开始转动后,则( )

A 、甲环先停

B 、乙环先停

C 、两环同时停

D 、无法判定是否同时停

9、如图所示,从入口S 处送入某一频率的声音.通过左右两条管道路径SAT 和SBT ,声音传到了出口T 处,并可以从T 处监听声音.右侧的B 管可以拉出或推人以改变B 管的长度.开始时左右两侧管道关于S,T 对称,从S 处送人某一频率的声音后,将B 管逐渐拉出,当拉出的长度为l 时,第1次听到最低的声音.设声速为v ,则该声所的频率( )

A 、v /8l

B 、v /4l

C 、v /2l

D 、v /l

10、如图所示,在光滑的水平面上有质量相等的木块A 、B ,木块A 正以速度V 前进,木块B 静止。当木块A 碰及木块B 左侧所固定的弹簧时(不计弹簧质量),则:( ) A .当弹簧压缩量最大时,木块A 减少的动能最多,木块A 的速度要减少V/2。 B .当弹簧压缩最大时,整个系统减少的动能最多, 木块A 的速度减少V/2。

C .当弹簧由压缩恢复至原长时,木块A 减少的动能最多,

木块A 的速度要减少V 。

D .当弹簧由压缩恢复至原长时,整个系统不减少动能,木块A 的速度也不减少。

通州市二爻中学高三周练物理试卷2018-4-9

命题:吴东兴

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共110分)

二、本题共2小题,共20分.把答案填在题中的横线上或按题目要求作答.

11.(10分)(1)图(甲)为多用电表的示意图,其中S、K、T为三个可调节的部件,现用此电表测量一阻值约为20~30Ω的定值电阻,测量的某些操作步骤如下:

①调节可调节部件___________,使电表指针停在___________________位置;

②调节可调节部件K,使它在尖端指向_____________位置;

③将红、黑表笔分别插入“+”、“-”插孔,笔尖相互接触,调节可调节部件________________,使电表指针指向_________________________位置.

(2)在用多用表测量另一电阻的阻值时,电表的读数如图(乙)所示,该电阻的阻值为______________________.

12.(10分) 某同学为了测电流表A1的内阻r1的精确值,有如下器材:

(1)要求电流表A1的示数从零开始变化,且能多测几组数据,尽可能减少误差。在右图虚线方框中画出测量用的电路图,并在图中标出所用器材的代号。

(2)若选测量数据中的一组来计算电流表A1的内阻r1,

则所用电流表A1的内阻r1表达式为r1= ;

式中各符号的意义是

三、本题包括6小题,共90分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤.只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.

13、.(14分)如图,质量为2m的物体A与水平面的动摩擦可忽略不计,质量为m的物体B与地面的动摩擦因数为μ,在已知水平推力F的作用下,A、B做匀加速运动,求A 对B的作用力为多少?

14、(14分)天文工作者观测某行星的半径为R1,自转周期为T1,它有一颗卫星,轨道半径为R2,绕行星公转周期为T2,求:(1)该行星的平均密度;(2)要在此行星的赤道上发射一颗质量为m的近地人造卫星,使其轨道在赤道上方,且设该行星上无任何气体阻力,对卫星至少应做多少功?

15、.(15分)使用“弹簧式角速度测量仪”可以测量运动装置自转时角速度的大小,其结构示意图如图所示。将测量仪固定在待测装置上,当装置绕竖直固定轴OO′转动时,与轻弹簧相连的小球A可在光滑绝缘细杆BC上滑动,同时带动连接在A上的滑动变阻器的动触片P在与BC平行的电阻丝MN上滑动,使得电压表V的示数U0随装置转动的角速度ω发生变化,据此可测出待测装置的角速度ω的大小。

已知:小球A的质量为m;弹簧的原长为x0、劲度系数为k;电阻MN粗细均匀、长度为L、阻值为R;电压表V通过两根导线分别接在电阻丝MN的中点Q和动触片P上,电阻丝MN的两端接在电压为U的直流稳压电源上。闭合开关后S测量仪器即可工作.若不计导线和动触片P的电阻、以及导线对动触片P的影响,忽略动触片P和电阻MN之间的摩擦,且电压表视为理想电表.装置静止时,动触片P与Q(导线和电阻的连接点)重合.(1)试推导:待测装置自转的角速度ω与电压表V的示数U0之间的关系式.

(2)用该测量仪能测量的自转角速度的最大值ωm是多少?

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

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