专业英语教案
1 What is Optics（什么是光）
Mankind has always been fascinated with light, thinking of it in ancient times as an uncontrollable, mystical force of nature. Science unraveled some of its mysteries as the inventions of mirrors, spectacles, and later microscopes and telescopes revealed to mankind how light can be tailored to help people in their daily lives and in exploration, physically through the world and intellectually through science.
◆unraveled vt. 阐明, 解决
◆reveal vt. 展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露
◆tailor n. 裁缝；vt. 剪裁, 缝制(衣服)～, 适应, 适合
人类总被光迷住，在古代把它认为成是一种无法控制的、神秘的自然力量。科学用一些发明来阐明光的神秘，例如有镜子，眼镜和后来展示给人类的显微镜和望远镜，以此来告诉我们光是如何被调整而用于帮助人们的日常生活和科学研究，以及帮助我们认识世界和发展科学（身体上通过世界和智力通过科学）。
Optics is the study of light and vision in science and engineering. Light is generally defined as the sector of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and ultraviolet sectors that can be seen with the unaided eye.
光学是在科学和工程方面对光和视觉的研究。光一般被定义介于红外和紫外之间、可被裸眼看到的电磁波谱的一部分。
Optics plays an influential role in our lives:
光学在我们的生活中起着重要作用：
When you look into a mirror in the morning to comb your hair, when you see a rainbow after it rains, in medical devices that save lives, as you read this page, as you see, optics is at work.
当你在早晨面对一面镜子梳你的头发时，当你在雨后看到彩虹时，在那些挽救生命的医学设备里，当你读这篇文章时，如你所见，是光在工作。
Through these lessons, we hope to give you at least a peek
◆peek vi. 偷看；窥视；偷偷的一看, 一瞥
我们希望通过下面的这些课程，可以使你对光学有个大概的了解：
into geometrical optics;
◆geometrical adj. 几何学的, 几何的
对几何光学
into physical optics;
对物理光学
into the dual nature of light and past and current theories on it;
光学在过去和现代理论中的二重性
into lenses and mirrors;
对透镜和反射镜
into optical instruments;
对光学仪器
into experiments that led to breakthroughs in the study of optics;
breakthrough n. 突破；突破性的发现，成就
对在光学的研究过程中带来突破的实验；
into how optics affects our daily lives and how it will affect the future. 光学是如何影响我们现在的日常生活，以及将如何影响未来。
2 The Dual Nature of Light（光的二重性）
The nature of light has been a controversy debated throughout the course of history. Two models evolved: the wave model and the particle model. Each model has taken an important dominating place, but neither has been disproved completely. Therefore, the scientific community has combined the two theories to form the wave particle duality, where characteristics from both models are attributed to light (the “wavicle”). These two seemingly contradicting models have been reconciled by a new theory of physics, called quantum electrodynamics, which is a quantum theory of the electromagnetic interactions between photons, electrons and muons (an elementary particle having a mass around 200 times greater than an electron). This model is also known as quantum theory of light.
◆controversy n. 争论, 辩论, 论战；
◆debate v. 争论, 辩论
◆dominating adj. 专横的, 主要的, 独裁的
◆disprove vt. 反证；反驳；证明…为伪
◆wavicle [物][量子]波粒二象性
◆attribute vt. （与to连用）归因于
◆contradict vt. 同…矛盾, 同…抵触
◆reconcile vt. 使和解, 使和谐, 使顺从；调解, 调停; 使相协调
◆quantum electrodynamics n. [物]量子电动力学
◆electromagnetic interaction 电磁相互作用
◆muon n. μ介子
◆elementary particle n. [核]基本粒子
光的本性在其整个历史过程中是一场辩论。它们发展成两种模式：波动模型和粒子模型。每一种模型都有其重要的专用位置，但是没有任何一个可以被完全证明为误。因此，科学界将这两种理论结合而形成波粒二象性，而来自于两种模型的特征可以归因于光（波粒二象性）。这两种看似矛盾的模型被一种新的物理理论所统一，即量子电动力学，是一种光子，电子和μ介子（某一体积比单个电子大大约200倍的基本粒子）之间的电磁相互作用的量子理论。这个模型也被称为光的量子理论。
The Wave Theory of Light:光的波动理论
The theory that light is transmitted via wave form was proposed by Christian Huygens in 1679. According to his theory:
光以波动形式传播的理论是克里斯蒂安·惠更斯在1679年提出的，根据他的理论：
（克里斯蒂安·惠更斯：（Christian Huygens 1629-1695）是与牛顿同一时代的科学家，是历史上最著名的物理学家之一，他对力学的发展和光学的研究都有杰出的贡献，在数学和天文学方面也有卓越的成就，是近代自然科学的一位重要开拓者。）
●Light must travel through a medium.
光必须通过某种介质进行传播。
●This medium is called Ether, which is an omnipresent, boundlessly resilient, massless medium
unable to be sensed that was formerly theorized as the medium that carried light.
这种介质称为以太，它是一种无所不在的，有无限弹性的，无质量的，不不能被感知的介质，在从前它被理论化为能运载光的介质。
●Light is a form of energy - Light travels in waveform in short wavelengths.
光是一种能量形式——光在短波长方面以波形的形式传播。
◆ether n. 天空醚, 大气, 苍天, [物]以太
◆omnipresent adj. 无所不在的, 同时遍在的
◆boundlessly adv. 无穷地, 无限地
◆resilient adj. 弹回的, 有回弹力的
◆massless adj. [物]无质量的
◆theorize v. 建立理论, 理论化
◆waveform n. 波形
The Particle Theory of Light:光的粒子理论
The theory that light is transmitted via corpuscular form was supported and advocated by Sir Isaac Newton. According to this theory: light is composed of particles (“corpuscular”) that travel in a straight line at an extreme speed, they allow the eye experience vision when they are absorbed, and various colored particles all have differing sizes.
◆corpuscular adj. 微粒的，细胞的，小体的
◆advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
◆according to v. 依照
光以粒子形式传播的这一理论被艾萨克·牛顿先生支持并且提倡。依照这一理论：光是由粒子构成的，它们沿直线并以高速传播，当它们被吸收时，就使得眼睛体验视力，不同颜色的粒子都有着不同的尺寸。
The Quantum Theory of Light:光的量子理论
The theory that combines both the wave and particle models was suggested by Max Planck. According to this theory: light is absorbed or released in bundles of energy called photons.
◆suggest vt. 建议, 提出, 使想起, 暗示
结合波动模型和粒子模型的理论是由马克斯·普朗克提出的。依照这一理论：光被以含有能量束的光子形式吸收或者释放。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语 考试题型：选择10*2 单词翻译10*2 短句翻译5*4 长句翻译4*10 Exercise All the simple circuit elements that will be 在下面进行的工作中我们要研究的简单电路元件,可以根据流过元件的电流与元件两端的电压的关系进行分类。例如，如果元件两端的电压正比于流过元件的电流，即u＝ki，我们就把元件称为电阻器。其他的类型的简单电路元件的端电压正比于电流对时间的导数或正比于电流关于时间的积分。还有一些元件的电压完全独立于电流或电流完全独立于电压，这些是独立源。此外，我们还要定义一些特殊类型的电源，这些电源的电压或电流取决于电路中其他的电流或电压，这样的电源将被称为非独立源或受控源。 It must be emphasized that the linear 必须强调的是线性电阻器是一个理想的电路元件；它是物理元件的数学模型。我们可以很容易地买到或制造电阻器，但很快我们发现这种物理元件只有当电流、电压或者功率处于特定范围时其电压——电流之比才是恒定的，并且这个比值也取决于温度以及其它环境因素。我们通常应当把线性电阻器仅仅称为电阻器。只有当需要强调元件性质的时候才使用更长的形式称呼它。而对于任何非线性电阻器我们应当始终这么称呼它，非线性电阻器不应当必然地被视为不需要的元件。 If a circuit has two or more independent 如果一个电路有两个或多个独立源，求出具体变量值（电流或电压）的一种方法是使用节点分析法或网孔分析法。另一种方法是求出每个独立源对变量的作用然后把它们进行叠加。而这种方法被称为叠加法。叠加法原理表明线性电路某个元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）等于每个独立源单独作用时该元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）的代数和。 The ratio of the phase voltage to the 相电压与相电流之比等于电路的阻抗，符号为字母Z，阻抗是一个具有量纲为欧姆的复数量。阻抗不是一个相量，因此不能通过把它乘以e jωt,并取其实部把它转换成时域形式。但是，我们把电感器看作是通过其电感量L表现为时域形式而通过其阻抗jωL表现为频域形式，电容在时域里为电容量C而在频域里为1/jωc，阻抗是某种程度 上的频域变量而非时域变量。 Both wye and delta source connections 无论是星型连接的电源还是三角形连接的电源都有重要的实际应用意义。星型连接的电源用于长距离电力传输，此时电阻损耗(I2R)将达到最小。这是由于星型连接的线电压是三角形连接的线电压的√3倍，于是,对于相同的功率来说，三角型连接的线电流是星形连接的线电流的√3倍。三角形连接的电源使用在根据三相电源而需要的三个单相电路中。这种从三相到单相的转变用在住宅布线中因为家用照明和设备使用单相电源。三相电源用在需要大功率的工业布线中。在某些应用场合，无论负载是星形连接还是三角形连接并不重要。
专业英语教案
1 What is Optics（什么是光） Mankind has always been fascinated with light, thinking of it in ancient times as an uncontrollable, mystical force of nature. Science unraveled some of its mysteries as the inventions of mirrors, spectacles, and later microscopes and telescopes revealed to mankind how light can be tailored to help people in their daily lives and in exploration, physically through the world and intellectually through science. ◆unraveled vt. 阐明, 解决 ◆reveal vt. 展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露 ◆tailor n. 裁缝；vt. 剪裁, 缝制(衣服)～, 适应, 适合 人类总被光迷住，在古代把它认为成是一种无法控制的、神秘的自然力量。科学用一些发明来阐明光的神秘，例如有镜子，眼镜和后来展示给人类的显微镜和望远镜，以此来告诉我们光是如被调整而用于帮助人们的日常生活和科学研究，以及帮助我们认识世界和发展科学（身体上通过世界和智力通过科学）。 Optics is the study of light and vision in science and engineering. Light is generally defined as the sector of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and ultraviolet sectors that can be seen with the unaided eye. 光学是在科学和工程面对光和视觉的研究。光一般被定义介于红外和紫外之间、可被裸眼看到的电磁波谱的一部分。 Optics plays an influential role in our lives: 光学在我们的生活中起着重要作用： When you look into a mirror in the morning to comb your hair, when you see a rainbow after it rains, in medical devices that save lives, as you read this page, as you see, optics is at work. 当你在早晨面对一面镜子梳你的头发时，当你在雨后看到彩虹时，在那些挽救生命的医学设备里，当你读这篇文章时，如你所见，是光在工作。 Through these lessons, we hope to give you at least a peek ◆peek vi. 偷看；窥视；偷偷的一看, 一瞥 我们希望通过下面的这些课程，可以使你对光学有个大概的了解： into geometrical optics; ◆geometrical adj. 几学的, 几的 对几光学 into physical optics; 对物理光学 into the dual nature of light and past and current theories on it;
果粒橙 图解:译文“蓝色” Unit 6 The Principle of PCM PCM原理 Pcm is dependent on three separate operations, sampling, quantizing, and coding. Many different schemes for performing these three functions have evolved during recent years, and we shall describe the main ones. In these descriptions we shall see how a speech channel of telephone quality may be conveyed as a series of amplitude values, each value being represented, that is, coded as a sequence of 8 binary digits. Furthermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz(khz) is required to convey a voice channel occupying the range 300 HZ to 3.4 Khz. Practical equipments, however, normally use3 a sampling rate of 8 khz, and if 8-digits per sample value are used, the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64khz. Fig .1-1 illustrates the sampling, quantizing, and coding processes. PCM的构成依赖于三个环节，即采样、量化和编码。近年来，人们对这三个环节的实现提出了许多不同的方案，我们将对其中的一些主要的方案进行讨论。在这些讨 论中，我们会看到话路中的语声信号是如何转换成幅值序列的，而每个幅值又被编码，即以8位二进制数的序列表示。而且，我们将证明，为了转换频率范围为300HZ— 3.4KHZ的话路信号，理论上最小采样频率须为6.8khz。但是，实际设备通常用8khz 的采样速率，而如果每个样值用8位码的话，则话路是由一个重复速率为64khz的脉 冲流来表示的。图1-1表示了采样、量化、编码的过程。 Reexamination of our simple example shows us that the speech signal of maximum frequency 3.4khz has been represented by a signal of frequency 64khz. However, if only 4-digits per sample value had been used, the quality of transmission would drop, and the repetition rate of the pulses would be reduced to 32khz. Thus the quality of transmission is dependent on the pulse repetition rate, and for digital communication systems these two variables may be interchanged most efficiently. 让我们再研究一下上面提到的简单例子。可以看出，最高频率为3.4khz的话音信号适用64khz的（脉冲流）信号来表示的。但是，如果每个样值中用4位（码）表示，则传输质量会下降，而脉冲的重复速率也将减小到32khz。因而传输质量是取决于脉 冲重复速率的。对于数字通信系统，这两个量之间极明显的互相影响着。 Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisy environments. Noise can be introduced into transmission patch in many different ways : perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of the most interest to the communication engineer.Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level, then a perfect message can take place; however, this is not always the case. For example, the signal received from a
机械工程专业英语 课程负责人： 课程中文名称:专业英语 课程英文名称：English for Mechanical Engineering 课程类别：选修 课程学分数：2 课程学时数：32 授课对象：机械电子工程专业本科生 本课程的前导课程：公共英语，机械专业的相关课程 考核方式：平时成绩+期末考试 使用教材：《机械工程专业英语教程》施平主编（第3版）电子工业大学出版社 教学要求及目的： 了解专业英语的语法特点，熟悉专业词汇，逐步培养学生具有比较熟练的专业文献阅读理解能力、翻译能力和英文学术论文的写作能力。 教学方式： 课堂讲授、讨论与自学相结合。以教师讲授为主，引导学生积极阅读指定参考文献，完成课外作业，参与课堂讨论。有意识地积累与自己研究方向相关的词汇与文献资料，掌握专业英语学习方法。 具体教学目标： ●掌握机械工程专业方面的专业名词、专业术语 rolling contact bearing, 滚动接触轴承journal bearing, 径向轴承resonance 共振 upright drilling machine 立式钻床radial ['re?d??l]drill 摇臂钻床shaper 牛头钻床 ●掌握习惯表达方式 machine design, kinematics [,k?n?'m?t?ks] 运动学，动力学dynamic 动态 slider-crank mechanism ['mek(?)n?z(?)m] 滑动曲柄机构, assembly drawing 装配图detailed [d?'teld]drawing 明细图engineering drawing 工程图 degree-of-freedom (DOF) 自由度 a four-bar mechanism 四连杆机构vibration mechanism 振动机构 CAD Computer - Aided Design, CAM computer-aided manufacturing CAE Computer Aided Engineering ●掌握基本的专业文献阅读能力与翻译能力 ●掌握基本的写作能力 ●培养基本的专业文献资料检索能力 ●了解机械工程方面的国内外动向, 并熟悉与机械工程专业相关的其他学科与
电路electric circuit 电气工程electrical engineering 电机electric machine 自然科学physical science 电气设备electrical device 电器元件electrical element 正电荷positive charge 负电荷negative charge 直流direct current 交流alternating current 电压voltage 导体conductor 功work 电动势electromotiveforce 电势差potential difference 功率power 极性polarity 能量守恒定律the law of conservation energy 变量variable 电阻resistance 电阻率resistivity 绝缘体insulator 电阻器resistor 无源元件passive element 常数constant 电导conductance 短路short circuit 开路open circuit 线性的linear 串联series 并联parallel 电压降voltage drop 等效电阻equivalent resistance 电容器capacitor 电感器inductor 储能元件storage element 电场electric field 充电charge 放电discharge 动态的dynamic 电介质dielectric
电容capacitance 磁场magnetic field 电源power supplu 变压器transformer 电机electric motor 线圈coil 电感inductance 导线conducting wire 绕组wingding 漏电阻leakage resistance 电子系统electronic system 结构图block diagram 功能模块functional block 放大器amplifier 滤波器filter 整形电路wave-shaping circuit 振荡器oscillator 增益gain 输入阻抗input impedance 带宽bandwidth 晶体管transistor 集成电路integrated circuit 电力电子power electronics 数字信号处理digital signal-processing 输出装置output device 模拟信号analog signal 数字信号digital signal 传感器transducer 采样值sample value 模数转换器analog-to-digital converter 频谱frequency content 采样频率sampling rate or frequendy 扰动disturbance 分立电路discrete circuit 数字化信号digitized signal 运算放大器operational amplifier 有源电路active circuit 电子部件electronic unit 封装package 管脚pin 同相端noninverting terminal 反相输入inverting input
Lesson eight 第八课 Ⅱ.翻译句子，并注意remain和above的词类和词义 2. In this case the voltage applied must remain unchanged. 在这种情况下，那个应用电压必须保持不变 4. If you take 3 from 8, 5 remain. 如果从8中拿走3，剩5. 6. The above property was discovered by Faraday. 法拉第发现以上性质。 8. Lenz states that the self-induced emf impedes any change of current and tends to support the former current value. The above is known as Lenz’s law. 楞茨陈述自感电动势阻止电流的变化而保持先前电流的值。上面就是我们所知的楞 次定律。 Ⅲ.翻译句子，注意some的词义 2. That radio receiver weighs some five kilograms. 那个无线接收器重五公斤。 4. Some element in the substance is not known. 物质中的一些元素是人们不知道的。 Ⅳ.翻译句子，注意句中one 的不同用法和词义。 2. This concept was discussed in Chapter One. 这个概念在第一张讨论过。 4. No one can lift this equipment. 没人能举起这件设备。 6. This chapter will deal with one of the three functions of a turning circuit. 这章我们将介绍螺旋电路三个功能中的一个。 8. Before one studies a system, it is necessary to define and discuss some important terms. 在研究一个系统之前，确定且讨论一些重要的术语是有必要的。 Ⅴ.画出句中的名词从句，说明其种类，并将句子译成汉语。 2. These experiments do not show which particles. 这些实验不能显示他们的粒子结构。 4. The operating point is determined by how much bias is used. 操作要点是被用多少偏压决定的。 6. It is not important how this voltage is produced. 这个电压是怎么产生的并不重要。 8. It may be questioned whether this approach is the best for the physicist. 这种方式最适合于医生可能会被质疑。 10. This ball may be used to determine whether that body is charged. 这个球可能用于检测是否身体是带电的。 12. It is known that charged particles emit electromagnetic waves whenever they are accelerated. 众所周知的当电子被加速他们就会发射电磁波。 14. The value of this factor determines how fast the amplitude of the current
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇： statics [st?tiks] 静力学；dynamics动力学；constraint约束；magnetic [m?ɡ＇netik]有磁性的；external [eks＇t?:nl] 外面的, 外部的；meshing啮合；follower从动件；magnitude [＇m?ɡnitju:d] 大小；intensity强度，应力；non-coincident [k?u＇insid?nt]不重合；parallel [＇p?r?lel]平行；intuitive 直观的；substance物质；proportional [pr?＇p?:??n?l]比例的；resist抵抗，对抗；celestial [si＇lestj?l]天空的；product乘积；particle质点；elastic [i＇l?stik]弹性；deformed变形的；strain拉力；uniform全都相同的；velocity[vi＇l?siti]速度；scalar[＇skeil?]标量；vector[＇vekt?]矢量；displacement代替；momentum [m?u＇ment?m]动量； 2、词组 make up of由……组成；if not要不，不然；even through即使，纵然； Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇： machine 机器；mechanism机构；movable活动的；given 规定的，给定的，已知的；perform执行；application 施用；produce引起，导致；stress压力；applied施加的；individual单独的；muscular [＇m?skjul?]]力臂；gravity[ɡr?vti]重力；stretch伸展，拉紧，延伸；tensile[tensail]拉力；tension张力，拉力；squeeze挤；compressive 有压力的，压缩的；torsional扭转的；torque转矩；twist扭，转动；molecule [m likju:l]分子的；slide滑动; 滑行；slip滑，溜；one another 互相；shear剪切；independently独立地，自立地；beam梁；compress压；revolve (使)旋转；exert [iɡ＇z?:t]用力，尽力，运用，发挥，施加；principle原则, 原理，准则，规范；spin使…旋转；screw螺丝钉；thread螺纹； 2、词组 a number of 许多；deal with 涉及，处理；result from由什么引起；prevent from阻止，防止；tends to 朝某个方向；in combination结合；fly apart飞散； 3、译文： 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面，这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时，机器就开始工作了。所以，力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动，要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种
电气工程师专业英语词汇汇总 10kV distribution substation 10kV配电所abrupt change of voltage 电压突变accumulation of electric energy 电能存储actuating coil 动作线圈adjustment diagram 调整图 alarm 报警 alarm signal 报警信号alternating light 变光灯 ammeter 电流表 apparent energy consumption unit 单位视在能耗 arc furnace 电弧炉 armature 电枢 arrester; lighting arrester; surge diverters 避雷器 automatic voltage regulator 电压自动调整器backlighting; background illumination 背景照明 battery box 电池箱 battery charger 电池充电器battery contactor 电池接触器battery fuse 电池保险丝battery resistor 电池电阻器 blow-out coil 磁吹线圈 boom 吊杆 bracket (OCS) 底座（接触网）； 支架；托架bracket for headspan wire 定位索底座bridge 电桥 brush 电刷 built-in wardrobe; built-in closet; closet 壁灯 bulb; light(lamp) bulb; electric bulb 灯泡 butterfly valve with electric actuator 电动蝶阀 button 电钮 cable and accessories 电缆及附件 cable armour 电缆铠装 cable bays 电缆电线间隔cable box 电缆箱 cable bracket; cable tray 电缆托架 cable continuity test 电路复测 cable differential protection 电缆差动保护
transistor n 晶体管 diode n 二极管semiconductor n 半导体 resistor n 电阻器 capacitor n 电容器 alternating adj 交互的 amplifier n 扩音器，放大器integrated circuit 集成电路 linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数 tolerance n 公差；宽容；容忍condenser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的 adj 非传导性的 deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差 linear device 线性器件 the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻 anode n 阳极，正极 cathode n 阴极 breakdown n 故障；崩溃 terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器 collect v 收集，集聚，集中insulator n 绝缘体，绝热器oscilloscope n 示波镜；示波器 gain n 增益，放大倍数 forward biased 正向偏置 reverse biased 反向偏置 P-N junction PN结 MOS（metal-oxide semiconductor）金属氧化物半导体 enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型 integrated circuits 集成电路 analog n 模拟 digital adj 数字的，数位的horizontal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter n 万用表 frequency n 频率，周率 the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管 dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器 signal generating device 信号发生器 peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波 triangle wave 三角波 square wave 方波 amplifier 放大器，扩音器 oscillator n 振荡器 feedback n 反馈，回应 phase n 相，阶段，状态 filter n 滤波器，过滤器 rectifier n整流器；纠正者 band-stop filter 带阻滤波器 band-pass filter 带通滤波器 decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的 binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的 domain n 域；领域 code n代码，密码，编码v编码 the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换 Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly language instrucions n 汇编语言指令 chip n 芯片，碎片 modular adj 模块化的；模数的 sensor n 传感器 plug vt堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器 single instruction programmer 单指令编程器 dedicated manufactures programming unit 专 供制造厂用的编程单元 beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁 polarize v（使）偏振，（使）极化 Cathode Ray Tube（CRT）阴极射线管 neuron n神经元；神经细胞 fuzzy adj 模糊的 Artificial Intelligence Shell 人工智能外壳程序 Expert Systems 专家系统 Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 Perceptive Systems 感知系统 neural network 神经网络 fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑 intelligent agent 智能代理 electromagnetic adj 电磁的 coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 microwave n 微波 charge v充电，使充电 insulator n 绝缘体，绝缘物 nonconductive adj非导体的，绝缘的 antenna n天线；触角 modeling n建模，造型 simulation n 仿真；模拟 prototype n 原型 array n 排队，编队 vector n 向量，矢量 wavelet n 微波，小浪 sine 正弦cosine 余弦 inverse adj倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v 倒转 high-performance 高精确性，高性能 two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的 three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的 object-oriented programming面向对象的程序 设计 spectral adj 光谱的 attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释 distortion n 失真，扭曲，变形 wavelength n 波长 refractive adj 折射的 ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode ADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriber line VDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digital subscriber line HDSL高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber line FDMA频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA同步码分多址方式(Code Division Multiple Access) WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) TD-SCDMA(Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)时分同步码分多址 SDLC(synchronous data link control)同步数据 链路控制 HDLC(high-level data link control)高级数据链路 控制 IP/TCP(internet protocol /transfer Control Protocol)网络传输控制协议 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟 ISO国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization）； OSI开放式系统互联参考模型（Open System Interconnect） GSM全球移动通信系统（Global System for Mobile Communications） GPRS通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service) FDD(frequency division duplex)频分双工 TDD(time division duplex)时分双工 VPI虚路径标识符（Virtual Path Identifier）； ISDN（Integrated Services Digital Network）综 合业务数字网 IDN综合数字网（integrated digital network） HDTV (high definition television)高清晰度电视 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)离散余弦变换 VCI(virtual circuit address)虚通路标识 MAN城域网Metropolitan area networks LAN局域网local area network WAN广域网wide area network 同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing 单工传输simplex transmission 半双工传输half-duplex transmission 全双工传输full-duplex transmission 交换矩阵Switching Matrix 电路交换circuit switching 分组交换packet switching 报文交换message switching 奇偶校验parity checking 循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 虚过滤Virtual filter 数字滤波digital filtering 伪随机比特Quasi Random Bit 带宽分配Bandwidth allocation 信源information source 信宿destination 数字化digitalize 数字传输技术Digital transmission technology 灰度图像Grey scale images 灰度级Grey scale level 幅度谱Magnitude spectrum 相位谱Phase spectrum 频谱frequency spectrum 智能设备Smart Device 软切换Soft handover 硬切换Hard Handover 相干检测Coherent detection 边缘检测Edge detection 冲突检测collision detection 业务集合service integration 业务分离/综合service separation/ integration 网络集合network integration 环形网Ring networks 令牌环网Token Ring network 网络终端Network Terminal 用户终端user terminal 用户电路line circuit 电路利用率channel utilization（通道利用率） 相关性coherence 相干解调coherent demodulation 数字图像压缩digital image compression 图像编码image encoding 有损/无损压缩lossy/lossless compression 解压decompression 呼叫控制Call Control 误差控制error control 存储程序控制stored program control 存储转发方式store-and-forward manner 语音\视频传输voice\video transmission 视频点播video-on-demand(VOD) 会议电视Video Conference 有线电视cable television 量化quantization 吞吐量throughput 话务量traffic 多径分集Multipath diversity 多媒体通信MDM Multimedia Communication 多址干扰Multiple Access Interference 人机交互man machine interface 交互式会话Conversational interaction
Lesson1 1、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time. 对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个引述，动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析。 2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action. 作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离，力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。 3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum. 力学涉及两种类型的量，标量和矢量。标量是那些只有大小的量。在力学中标量的例子有时间、体积、密度、速率、、能量和质量。另一方面，矢量既有大小又有大小又有方向。矢量的例子有位移、速度、加速度、力、力矩、动量。 Lesson2（此课后面没翻译，翻译的不太准确谅解） 1 、The turning of a part in a lathe is another example of several forces in action.（as shown in figure1） 车床车削是一些力在起作用的另一个例子。figure1(如图)。 2 、If this workpiece is held between the centers of the lathe, the centers exert a compressive force against the work. 如果这个工件在放在车床中心之间,中心车床对工作产生压力。 3、 Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan belt. 扶轮运动需要去钻孔，在车床上转换两件,表面,或驱动发电机或风扇皮带 4 、Harmonic and Intermittent Motion（谐和运动和间歇运动）: Any simple vibration, such as the regular back, and forth movement of the end of a pendulum, is simple harmonic motion. Lesson4 1 、Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow. 实际上，几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最常见的形状是圆形，其截面可以是实心的，也可以是空心的（空心轴可以减轻重量）。有时也采用矩形轴，例如，螺丝起子的头部.套筒扳手和控制旋钮的杆。 2、 A shaft must have adequate torisonal strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed it must also be torsional stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft. 为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载，轴应该有适当的抗扭强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭强度，以使在同一轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。 3 、Components such as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key. The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated. For example, stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways, and the material removed to from the keyway further weakens the shaft. 齿轮和皮带轮等零件通过键连接在轴上。在键及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中，必须进行认真的计算。例如，轴上的键槽会引起应力集中，由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减小，会进一步减弱轴的强度。 4、Another important aspect of shaft design is the method of directly connecting one shaft to another. Devices such as rigid and flexible couplings accomplish this. 轴的设计工作中的另一个重要方面是一根轴与另一根轴之间的直接连接方法。这是由刚性或者弹性联轴器来实现的。 Lesson5 1、The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and