阅读真题难句荟萃
1.Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just
replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to. (09.6 Passage 1)
主干：Most designers are finding…
finding 后省略连接词that的宾语从句。该从句是there be 句型,其主语comparable fabrics 后有一个that 引导的限制性定语从句直到句末.该定语从句的谓语动词replace 带了两个由and 连接的并列的宾语从句, 都用what 引导。
译文：大多数现有品牌设计师都发现, 找不到满意的有机布料来取代现在使用的,顾客已经习惯了的面料。
2.Todd Park, a local detective said the method has helped him learn more about an
unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (09.6 Passage 2)
主干：Todd Park said…
a local detective 是Todd Park 的同位语, 进一步解释他的身份。
said 之后的内容是个省略引导词that 的宾语从句。
whose skeleton…是个定语从句, 修饰an … woman。
译文：当地的一名侦探Todd Park说, 这个方法帮他了解到有关一位身份不明的女性死者的更多信息, 其尸骨是在大盐湖附近被发现的。
3.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his
smoker's cough for a year. (08.12 Passage 1)
主干：Gullotta saw a man...
who 引导的定语从句修饰a...man。
本句是肯定陈述句，却用了doing anything而不是doing something,语义上有所强调。
译文：两个月以前格洛塔为一位50岁的男士看病，这名男士吸烟可欧已有一年，但期间他没有采取任何措施，以至于延误了治疗。
4.The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to
reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. (08.6 Passage 2)
主干：The crumbs make it easy to reconstruct...
you leave everywhere 是定语从句，省略了关系代词that，修饰crumbs; make it easy for...to do...结构中，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式to reconstruct...。easy是宾语补语，for引导出不定式的逻辑主语strangers。句末who, where和what引导的三个名词性从句都是reconstruct的宾语。
译文：你处处留下的“数字面包碎屑”很容易让陌生人推想出你是谁，你在哪里，你对什么感兴趣。
5.Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will
surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).
主干：Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests...
Privacy economist 和Alessandro Acquisti 是同位语。tests后的that从句作tests的定语，该从句的谓语动词reveal带有一个宾语从句people will surrender...。
译文：隐私经济学家Alessandro Acquisti 进行了一系列的测试，这些测试表明人们会透露像社保卡号这样的个人信息，就只是为了能拿到微不足道的便宜50美分的优惠券。
6.There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it's like to
work in a field dominated by men. (07.6 Passage 1)
主干：There was a time
本句是个存在句，主语a time由when引导的定语从句修饰。“about + what”引导的宾语从句构成介词短语，作stories的后置定语在该宾语从句中，it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语to work...是真正的主语。dominated...作a field的后置定语。
译文：我生活中有那么一段时间人们老是问我，供职于一个男性占主导地位的领域感觉如何。
7.The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is
what Elbow calls "free writing." (07.6 Passage 2)
主干：The practice...is what...
定语从句that can...修饰主语The practice,从句中的介词短语past your...habits作宾语you的补语，as you write引导的时间状语从句修饰trying to edit。what引导的表语从句中用了“call+宾语+补语”的结构，what是宾语，free writing是补语。
译文：这种可以帮助你克服在写作的同时就试图编辑的坏习惯的做法便是Elbow所称作的“自由式”写作。
8.As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing
disease to preventing disease-especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：the focus has been shifting
句首As引导非限制性定语从句，As指代主句所说的内容，在从句中作seen的宾语。
主句中破折号后的内容是短语介词in terms of引导的介词短语作状语，表示“从......方面来说”，changing与前面的shifting构成语义再现。
译文：正如我们所看到的一样，我们社会医疗的重心正在从治疗疾病转到预防疾病上来---特别是要改变我们许多不健康的行为，比如说不良的饮食习惯、抽烟、忽视锻炼。
9.Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的)
foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.(06.12 Passage 2)
主干：Imagine a person...
主干部分很简短，关键是a person后面有5个who引导的定语从句，使句式变得复杂了。
这5个who引导的从句都有相似的结构：含两个由but 连接的谓语，前后的描述形成鲜明的对比。这样的排比句式，加强了语气，给读者留下深刻印象。
译文：想象这么一个人：他体重适中，但是并没有吃到非常有营养的食物；他自我感觉还行，但只是偶尔锻炼一下；他每天都去上班，但却不是一个优秀员工；他大多数晚上在家里喝一点啤酒，但却并不醉酒驾车；他没有胸痛的感觉，血液指数也正常，但却嗜睡，并且经常感到疲倦。
10.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely
"not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：The field has not distinguished (between...and...)
主句的谓语用了distinguished between...and...的结构，and连接的两个someone都用了who 引导的定语从句予以修饰。
译文：传统上，医学并没有区分一个仅仅是“没有生病”的人和一个健康状况很好并且注意自己身体特殊需要的人。这两种类型都被称作“健康”。
11.In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and
"wellness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.
(06.12 Passage 2)
主干：some health specialists have begun to apply...
主句部分，不定式to apply...用作begun的宾语。apply...to...表示“把......应用于......”，句中表示“把well和wellness这样的词只用来指那些人”。who引导的定语从句修饰those。
译文：然而，近些年来，一些健康专家开始把“健康”和“健康状况良好”这样的字眼只使用到那些积极努力去保持并改善自身健康状况的人身上。
12.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a
beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. (06.12 Passage
2)
主干：the concept...can have a (beneficial impact)
句首by引导的介词短语表示“方法、手段”。have a (beneficial impact) on...“对......有有益的影响”。in which引导定语从句修饰the ways。
译文：通过关注健康的生活方式，“健康”的历年就能对人们面对日常生活的挑战的方法产生有利的影响。
13.In it (the communications diary) they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges
they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how may lies they told. (06.6 Passage 1)
主干：they noted the number..., and confessed to how...
主句用了两个并列的谓语动词：noted 和confessed。or连接两个名词conversations和email exchanges构成并列结构，后面有定语从句they had和现在分词短语lasting more than 10
minutes修饰。
译文：在交流日记中，他们把长达10分钟以上的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下来，并且承认了他们说谎的次数。
14.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which
local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. (06.1 Passage 1)
主干：Its strategy rests (on...)
主句用了rest on短语。冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs，可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。with which引导定语从句修饰economies of scale(规模经济)。句末的be drawn to表示“为...所吸引”，as a concept介词短语作global的后置定语，“作为概念的全球化”，或“全球化概念”。
译文：公司的策略基于两个信念：首先，全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济；其次，21世纪的消费者认可“全球”这个概念。
15.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm
sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. (06.1 Passage 2)
主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...
本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。前一分句中，by which引导定语从句，修饰主语another method，不定式to say作表语，引号里的直接引语作say的宾语。后一分句中，that引导的从句作suggests的宾语。
译文：另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉，而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说“你感到委屈，我很抱歉”，这表明，如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话，那么你多多少少是有过错的。
16.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a
specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (06.1 Passage 2)
主干：there is the apology
这句话用的是there be句型，主干部分容易理解。主语apology带了多个修饰语，包括前置修饰语general和all covering，后置修饰语是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。在该定语从句中，介词of+动名词短语identifying...作定语，修饰the necessity；identifying的宾语a specific act后面带了两个定语从句，一个是由that引导，另一个是由which引导，这两个定语从句用and并列链接。which引导的定语从句中，主语the person也另外带有一个who引导的定语从句。
译文：然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉，这种道歉避免了指明特别让人伤心、特别令人委屈，道歉者应该保证不会再犯的具体行为。
17.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time
out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. (05.6 Passage 1)
主干：I recall an incident...
句子的宾语an accident后面有两个修饰语，一个是介词词组in a handball game，一个是when 引导的定语从句（不是时间状语从句！）。when引导的定语从句中，有一个because引导的原因状语从句：注意从句的宾语when是指gloves。
译文：我回想起在一次手球比赛中发生的事情，一个球员曾一度要求到场外更换手套，但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的程度，所以拒绝了他。
18.In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost,
as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen (监督) “a major strengthening of Yale's financial position.”(09.12 Passage 2)
主干：the university stressed that...
when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词stressed, “剑桥任命Alison的时候公开强调说...”。有人认为when引导定语从句修饰2003，不妥，因为“任命”是瞬间动作动词，而In 2003是延续性时间。
that引导的从句作stressed的宾语。oversee常用人或项目作其宾语，表示“监督、监管”，句中用a major strengthening作其宾语。
译文：2003年，当剑桥大学任命耶鲁大学另一名前教务长艾莉森.理查德为副校长时，就公开强调艾莉森在耶鲁任职期间成功地使“耶鲁的财力大大增强”。
19.For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it
wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university's budget. (09.12 Passage 2)
主干：it wanted a leader...
when引导的时间状语从句。familiar with...是形容词短语，作定语时放在中心词a leader后面；a major source是the state government的同位语。
译文：例如，科罗拉大学校董事会招募新校长时，他们想要和州政府熟识的人，因为州政府是该校主要的经费来源。
20.Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she's on the hunt for
"cute stuff that isn't too expensive." (09. 6 Passage 1)
主干：she finds little time (to shop) and...she' on the hunt (for)...
本句较短，却同时包含了并列结构和主从复合结构。连词and连接两个并列的分句。第二个分句带有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
译文：和大多数消费者一样，她平时很少有时间逛街购物，即便是她有空去逛的时候，也只是淘一淘“物美价廉的东西”。
21.They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, "Geez, if it
could happen to him,..."(08.12 Passage 1)
主干：They only come in
when引导时间状语从句，而且引导两个并列的从句：a friend drops dead...以及they think...。引号中的是直接引语，作think的宾语。
本句在理解上的一个难点是，they think究竟是与they come in并列还是与a friend drops dead 并列。从语言形式上看，两种理解都可以；但从语义逻辑上看，应该是“他们只有在想到...的时候才来”，把they think归到时间状语从句中更合理。
译文：只有当一位朋友在高尔夫球场猝死时，他们才来看医生。他们会想到：“哎呀，如果这样的事能发生在他身上，...”
22.Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or
nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
(07.6 Passage 1)
主干：I would fight...
when 引导时间状语从句。本句理解上的难点不在语法结构，而在语言本身所表达的内容。was pushed into...表明作者不是主动参与这类争论的。an argument on...“在......方面的争论”。on my behalf “代表我自己，为我自己。”
译文：有时候，当我与别人争论左脑与右脑的问题，或者是先天天赋与后天培育的问题时，我会马上站在我的立场以及所有女性同胞的立场上给予狠狠的反驳遥。
23.As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be
captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)
主干：the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...
句首的as 引导时间状语从句。主句部分是复合谓语，有两个由and 连接的并列谓语。
译文：随着话语开始流淌，思想也会逐渐明朗化，使自己呈现在你的笔记本或者屏幕上。
24.While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and
she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)
主干：the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...
While 引导时间状语从句。本句主句是由and 连接两个分句构成的并列句，两个分句都用了现在完成时，与状语从句的一般现在时对照来看，表明主句中的两个动作都是在await 期间完成。grant 后面接了双宾语，间接宾语是her，直接宾语是permission。
译文：在她等待结果出来期间，政府给予她在美国的工作许可，她已经返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌连锁店的工作岗位。
25.Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I
had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience. (07.12 Passage
2)
主干：I had to accept the fact...
Because 引导原因状语从句。该从句用了know little about...结构，about 有两个宾语。that 引导的从句是即farm animals 和angels，中间用or 连接，两个名词分别都有定语从句加以修饰。主句部分fact 带有that 引导的同位语从句。
译文：因为我对会使用工具的家畜和上一年级的天使一无所知，所以我得承认这样的事实：我在借用我女儿的经验。
26.The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because
terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)
主干：The standards ban claims
本句只含一个原因状语从句，结构上较为简单。值得注意的是，句中的名词词组大多含有修饰成分，如：The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。
译文ISO 标识标准禁止在商品的包装上出现模糊的或会引起误导的产品说明，因为我们无法证明类似“环保”、“无污染”等这样的字样。
27.While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually
signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)
主干：distance learning signifies a course
句首While 引导状语从句，有让步、对比之意。
in which 引导定语从句修饰a course，该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构，两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。post... on Websites 结构中，post 含有3 个宾语。译文：虽然网络课程提供的教学形式会各不相同，但远程学习通常都表现为这样一种课程：教师将课程大纲、阅读作业及课程进度安排在网站上公布，学生通过电子邮件提交作业。
28.Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and
networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升级) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)
主干：courses can run (on...)
Although 引导让步状语从句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投资”。不定式to support... 是宾语investment 的补足语，“项目需要投资来支持相关软件”（因为）support 的逻辑主语不是programs 而是investment，所以该不定式应该是补语，而非目的状语）。译文：虽然一些规模更大的课程需要斥资增加新的服务器、扩建网络来支持配套的软件，但大部分远程教育课程可以在现有的或稍加升级的系统上运行。
29.While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no
matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)
主干：they cannot work...
While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管......”。从句中的employ 表示“采用”，不定式to get...作目的状语。work in parallel“并行不悖地起作用”。no matter how 也引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么......”。
译文“尽管要完成定稿这两种思维都不可或缺，可是它们却不能并行着参与写作过程-----无论我们多么认为原本如此。
30.While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in
ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)
主干：it is clear that...
句首的While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管”......。it is clear......中，it 是形式主语，省略连接词that 的从句there is...才是句子的真正主语。in ensuring...是there be 句型的状语成分，“在确保......方面”。ensuring 后面接的是省略that 的宾语从句。
译文：虽然有许多好而有用的声明，但是，很明显，要确保购买者完全知晓所购产品对环境的影响还需要很长的时间。
31.Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia,
you‘ll die on average five years before a woman. (08.12 Passage 1)
主干：you’ll die...
Assuming 相当于连词If。此外，suppose, provided (that), given (that)等都可以连接条件从句，表示“假如，如果”。条件句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
make it 是常用短语，“获得成功”；natural term 指“正常寿命”。
about 78 years for men in Australia 对natural term 加以具体说明，表示“在澳大利亚男士的正常寿命是78 岁”。
译文：假设你自然死亡（在澳大利亚男性大约是78 岁），那你会平均比女性少活5 年。
32.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well," in this new sense,
if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：people may be "well"
主句的主语people 有一个who 引导的定语从句修饰。if 引导条件状语从句，从句中的they can 是省略形式的定语从句（相当于they can maintain），修饰health。
译文：在这种新的意义上来说，甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”，如果他们在面对身体缺陷时尽力去达到可能的最好健康状况的话。
33.Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will
end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. (07.6 Passage 2)
主干：you will believe that... and you will end up staring...
本句主句是and 连接两个分句构成的并列句。前一个分句中，that 引导的从句作believe 的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含一个由than 引导的比较状语从句。后一个分句中，谓语部分是end up doing 结构，staring...作主语补足语。
译文：你很有可能会以为这样加工整理素材会让你时间不够用，结果是最后随着交稿日期的逐渐临近，你将只是盯着稿件发呆。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d13750695.html,anized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top
designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. (09.6 Passage 1)
主干：the show inspired designers
本句是简单句。过去分词短语Organized by...在句中作状语，用以补充说明主语的背景信息。谓语部分用了inspire sb. to do 结构，不定式短语to work with...是宾语补足语。
译文：这次时装秀由总部位于纽约的非盈利组织Earth Pledge 主办，激发了许多顶尖设计师第一次使用不破坏生态平衡的布料设计时装。
35.This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go
organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative: it will buy (transitional) cotton...
句冒号后的内容是对前文initiative 的详细阐述，相当于一个同位语从句。
冒号前的分句中，谓语动词用了be set to do 结构，过去分词短语aimed to...是initiatives 的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
冒号后的分句中，结构简单，其中helping to...是现在分词短语，作谓语动词buy 的状语，表示目的。
译文：本周沃尔玛超市准备出台一项重大举措，目的在于帮助棉农种植有机棉：沃尔玛将以更高的价格收购过渡型的棉花，以此帮助扩大一种重要有机原材料的供应。
36.Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the
hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (07.12 Passage 2) 主干：I offered suggestions (for...)
句首的Telling 是现在分词，作状语，表示伴随动作：它带了一个宾语从句，从句的表语writer 后接了一个作定语的现在分词guiding...。主句部分的介词for 带有三个名词作宾语，与suggestion 连用，表示“对.......的建议”。
译文：我对自己说，我只是一个有经验的作家，在指导身边的一位年轻作家。我对她的那些故事中的人物尧冲突及结局提出建议。
37.Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes
people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie.
(06.6 Passage 1)
主干：Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars...
不定式to be the biggest liars 在句中作宾语emailers 的补语。现在分词reasoning在句中作伴随状语。that 引导从句作reasoning 的宾语。该宾语从句又包含一个原因状语从句，由because 引导。
译文：有些心理学家原以为人们在电子邮件中最容易撒谎，理由是：欺骗使人感到不舒服，所以电子邮件这种非直接接触的媒介能让人的谎言更容易说出口。
38.Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge ( 大杂烩) of environmental
claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling”study published by Consumers International Friday. (05.6 Passage 2)
主干：Consumers are being confused and misled by...
本句用了现在进行时的被动语态，含两个谓语动词confused 和misled。过去分词短语made by...和published by...分别修饰前面的名词claims 和study。
译文：根据消费者国际组织在星期五发表的野绿色商标冶研究报告，消费者受到了各种家居产品五花八门的环保声明的误导，都被搞糊涂了。
39.I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s intentional and illegal blocking by
deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. (05.6 Passage 1)
主干：I have (also) witnessed a player reacting
reacting 在句中是现在分词，作宾语a player 的补语；by... hitting...是reacting 的方式状语，hitting 作介词by 的宾语。as hard as he could 是比较结构，表示“尽力”。
译文：还有一次我看到过一个球员在比赛中因为对方的一个有意犯规阻挡，而故意使足了力气把球砸向对方。
40.Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone
bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. (08.6 Passage 2)
主干：someone will glance...
本句是个简单句，谓语动词glance 后接介词短语through purchases or bills。不定式短语to find out...在句中作状语，表示“无意中一瞥”的结果。
译文：或者有人会随意翻阅你的信用卡购物单或手机话费单，以此来了解你的购物喜好或通话习惯。
41.It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn‘t want to
deal with gender issues. (07.6 Passage 1)
主干：It took me 10 years to get back... and to realize...
句首的It 是形式主语，真正的主语是and 并列的两个动词不定式。第一个不定式to get back 的宾语the confidence 后有一个定语从句I had at 19 对它加以修饰。第二个不定式to realize 带了一个宾语从句，由that 引导。
译文：我花了10 年的时间才找回了我19 岁时的自信，才意识到我本不想谈论性别问题。
42.If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are
trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. (07.6 Passage 2)
主干：the thought will die
本句的难点在从句部分。If 引导条件状语从句，从句用了listen to sb. do sth.结构，省略to 的不定式correct 作补语；that 5th grade English teacher 用了借喻的修辞手法，指代你心中的那个“批判性思维”。while 引导的时间状语从句修饰are listening。
译文：如果你在听五年级的英文老师纠正你的语法，而同时你又尽力在捕捉一个稍纵即逝的
想法，那么，你的想法就会消失得无影无踪。
43.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their
regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (08.12 Passage 2)
主干：managers are the last to... and find out...
conducted 是过去分词作study 的后置定语。
不定式to hear...作后置定语，修饰the last，一般可以直接理解为“最不可能听到这些投诉的人”。
when 引导的时间状语从句修饰find out。该状语从句中，to frequent...作decide 的宾语。frequent 用作动词，表示“经常光顾”。译文：维德集团和沃顿商学院共同开展的一项研究显示，商店经理常常是最后一个听到顾客抱怨的人，而且只有当他们的老顾客开始频频光顾他们的竞争对手的时候他们才会发现顾客对他们的不满。
44.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items,
hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales repre-sentatives on hand to answer questions. (08.12 Passage 2)
主干：Retailers can relieve the headaches (by...)
介词by 后面带了redesigning..., pre-stocking..., hiring...,和having...等四个动名词短语作宾语，表示零售商可以采用的缓解让顾客头痛的问题的手段或方式。
最后一个动名词having 在句中不是表示“让（某人做某事）”的使役用法，而是表示“雇请”。后面的不定式短语to answer questions 作补语。
译文：零售商可以采取一些措施来缓解这些让顾客头疼的问题，如改造商店的布局，提前存储货品，雇用手脚麻利有经验的收银员，派出销售代表随时解答顾客的问题。
45.Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer,
instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (08.12 Passage 2)
主干：Customers can also improve experiences (by...)
介词by 后面动名词短语filing...作宾语，表示手段或方式。instead of...短语引导的内容相当于filing 的转折并列成分。
注意动词filing（不是filling），意思是“正式提出”。
译文：消费者也可以采取措施改善以后的购物体验。他们可以直接向商家投诉，而不是到处散布自己不愉快的经历。
46.Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing
physics experiments. (07.6 Passage 1)
主干：I have given them this: the visual...
谓语动词give 带双宾语，them 和this。冒号后的the visual 是this 的同位语，对this 予以详细说明。visual 由介词短语of...修饰，of 的宾语是动名词短语doing...；该动名词短语的逻辑主语是their physics professor。
译文：相反，我给她们的是这么一幅画面：她们的物理学教授挺着大肚子做物理试验。
47.According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include
placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. (06.12 Passage 1)
主干：some (of...) include placing..., listing..., and pouring...
本句理解的难点在于辨别三个并列的动名词短语，它们都是include 的宾语。shameless tactics 指“厚颜无耻的促销手段”，visual sell 是“视觉销售”。句末if 引导的从句是ask 的宾语：甚至都不问问就餐者是否需要就给他们倒上瓶装水。
译文：《华尔街日报》上的一篇文章说，一些更无耻的销售策略包括把诱人的瓶子放在桌子上作为视觉卖点，把品牌名写在菜单上而不标明价格，或者连问都不问一声消费者就直接把瓶装水倒给顾客。
48.A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission
is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent‘s clothes without permission is not. (06.1 Passage
2)
主干：A 12-year-old might need to be shown that... but that...
本句是show sb. that...结构的被动语态，that 从句依然充当宾语。宾语是but 并列连接的两个that 引导的从句。两个从句都用动名词短语（raiding..., borrowing...）作主语。
作者把孩子心急地打开饼干盒的动作称为raiding（袭击）。富有幽默感。
译文：一个12 岁的孩子可能需要人告诉他，不用得到许可就把饼干盒扫光是可以接受的，但是，没有得到许可就借走父母的衣服是不能接受的。
49.In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court
without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way.
(05.6 Passage 1)
主干：players have been observed to...
不定式to throw...在句中作主语players 的补语；这是observe sb. do sth.结构的被动语态，作宾语补足语的省to 的不定式在被动语态中成了主语补足语，要把to 还原。动名词considering...作介词without 的宾语，介词短语without considering...作throw 的状语。
译文：在比赛的白热化阶段，人们注意到球员从球场的这头狂奔到球场那头，根本就没有考虑到他这样的动作会对阻挡他的其他球员产生什么样的后果。
50.Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular
African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. (09.12 Passage 1)
主干：little is known (about...)
Because 引导原因状语从句。
主句中的介词about 带有三个并列的宾语从句，分别由who, what 和what 引导。
句中的features 在媒体中指“专题介绍、特写报道”。
译文：因为几乎没有主流刊物对一般的非裔美国妇女进行过深入的专题报道，人们几乎不了解我们的性情、我们的思想和我们通常所面临的问题。
51.Many African-American blogs have written about what they‘d like to see Michelle bring to
the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. (09.12 Passage 1)
主干：Many blogs have written (about...)
1.what 引导的从句作介词about 的宾语。
2.该宾语从句用了see sb. do 的结构。bring(what) to...“给......带来什么东西”是省略to 的不定式作宾语Michelle 的补语。
3.破折号后的动名词短语作what 的同位语，也就是Michelle 带到白宫的东西的内容。raise
a family 中的family 指“孩子”，整个词组的意思是“养家糊口”。
译文：很多非裔美国人在他们的博客中写到，他们想看到米歇尔会给白宫带来些什么要—主要是向世界展示，一个黑人妇女有能力支持她的丈夫，并操持一个强大的黑人家庭。
52. The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people‘s hair. (09.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:The method relies on...
本句难点在理解measuring 的宾语，它就是how 引导的从句。从句的主干是：how variations... show up...。
译文：这种方法的依据是测量饮用水中的化学物质在人的头发中的变化。
53. Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn‘t—we won’t do much about it. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Global warming may or may not be the crisis... but we won‘t do much...
句子主干是个并列句，由but 连接的两个分句之间是转折关系。前一个分句用了复合谓语，是肯定形式和否定形式并列的结构，利用了情态动词来省略。后一个分句包含一个复杂介词regardless of 引导的短语，表示“不管”，of 后面接了一个whether 引导的宾
语从句。
译文：全球变暖有可能是21 世纪巨大的环境危机，也有可能不是，但是—无论它是或不是—我们都对此无能为力。
54. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”(08.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：A survey found an (overwhelming) pessimism...
句中with 引导的介词短语作状语，其后带了复合宾语（即宾语+补语）。该复合宾语用现在分词saying 作补语，saying 还带了一个宾语从句they feel...，而feel 也带有宾语从句，由and 连接两个分句their privacy is slipping away 和that bothers me 构成。
译文：一次调查发现人们对于隐私普遍持悲观态度，60%的受访者说他们觉得隐私正在“离
自己远去，而这让我很忧心。”
55. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (06.6 Passage 1) 分析主干：The first study... has found that...
不定式to compare...作定语修饰the first study，that 引导的从句至句末，作found的宾语。宾语从句用了同级比较结构as... as，句中，是they are likely to tell lies in phone conversations 和they are (likely to tell lies) in emails 进行比较。
译文：第一个在各种不同的通讯媒介中对比诚实度的研究发现，人们在电话谈话中说谎的可能性是他们在电子邮件中说谎的可能性的两倍。
56. The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. (06.1 Passage 1)
分析主干：The executives acknowledge that..., but they deny that...
but 引导两个并列的表示转折关系的分句，两个分句结构相似，都带了宾语从句。句中swing 意思是“改变”；created 是过去分词短语，作a food 的后置定语。
译文：高层管理者承认，他们在试图把全国的饮食习惯都转向一种在美国创造出来的食物上，但是他们否认把这一行为等同于经济上的帝国主义行为。
57. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：The high numbers show...
how 引导的宾语从句中，how 是感叹连词，it 是形式主语，不定式to sort...misleading 是真正的主语，该不定式短语的逻辑主语consumers 用for 引导。
译文：这些庞大的数字表明，消费者想要从这些具有误导性的环保声明中区分出真正的事实是多么的困难。
58. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Hancock says...
句中，says 后的内容都作宾语。在该宾语从句中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的两个由and 并列连接的whether 引导的从句。
译文：但是Hancock 说，有一点也很关键，那就是谈话是否被记录下来、可以重新读取，以及谈话是否是实时发生。
59. It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：it has been shown that...
句首It 是形式主语，that 引导的从句作句子的真正主语。主语从句中，主语words后面有
一个现在分词短语having...作后置定语；谓语则是“动词（cause）+宾语（us）+补语（to react...）”结构；介词短语in ways...是react 的方式状语。
译文：据表明，具有某些含义的词语可能会使人产生一些反应，而我们认为这些反应是违背我们正常的人性化行为的。
60. If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...“what follows that ”but“ can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析主干：what follows that ”but“ can render the apology ineffective:...
if 引导条件状语从句，say 后面引号里的直接引语作宾语。主句的主语是what 引导的从句，“紧跟在这个‘但是’之后的内容”；谓语部分是“动词+宾语+补语”结构，ineffective 是宾语补足语。冒号后的内容是对前文的进一步解释，两个引号中的直接引语作主语，谓语部分也是“动词（leaves）+宾语（the person who...）+宾语补足语（现在分词feeling that...）”的结构。
译文：如果你对你的孩子说，“很抱歉我生你的气了，但是......”，这个“但是”后面的话可能会使你的道歉毫无效果。“我今天很倒霉”或者“你吵得我头疼”诸如此类的话使受到伤害的那个人感觉在期待你向他道歉的同时，他应该为他所做的事情而向你道歉。
61. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：The (practical) conclusion is that...
that 引导的从句在句中作表语。该表语从句中包含if 引导条件状语从句：“要是......”。
译文：比较实际的结论是，如果全球变暖是一个潜在的灾难，那么唯一的解决办法就是新技术。
62. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can't do much about it. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:the (real) truth is that...
that 引导的是一个表语从句.该从句本身是两个由and 并列连接的分句.破折号中的内容是插入语,起解释说明的作用,表示前提条件：“如果没有技术上的突破”。
译文但是真正的事实是，我们没有掌握足够的知识去缓解全球变暖，并且—若没有重大的技术突破—我们对此也束手无策。
63. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share—this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo‘s Aquafina and Coca-Cola‘s Dasani are both pur ified tap water rather than spring water.
(06.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground...
破折号后的this 指代前面的内容：view... share（把瓶装水看做下一个市场份额的竞争场所），despite 是介词，后接宾语the fact，表示让步：“尽管事实上......”。that 引导的从句作the fact
的同位语。冒号后的内容是对同位语从句内容的进一步解释说明。
译文：尽管如此，软饮料公司把瓶装水看做是争夺市场占有率的下一个战场—虽然事实是超过25%的瓶装水都来自自来水：百事可乐的Aquafina 和可口可乐的Dasani都是经过净化的自来水，而不是矿泉水。
64. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. (09.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：I'm fascinated (by...)
1.by 有两个宾语，它们用and 并列。by 的第二个宾语是what 引导的从句，主干部分用了do (what) for 结构。两个表示对象的for 介词短语又由not... but 结构并列，“不只是能够为这个国家做些什么，而且是要为我做些什么”。
译文：但我却出于私心更关注米歇尔窑奥巴马，更想知道她可以做些什么，，不仅仅是为美国，更是为像我这样的非裔美国妇女。
65. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:it hasn't reduced emissions and signatories didn't adopt policies
本句是and 连接两个分句构成的并列句.前一分句中,括号里的内容是插入成分,用以说明二氧化碳排放量不仅没有减少,反而增加了。后一个分句的宾语是policies，它有一个形容词短语tough enough 作修饰语。
译文：但是它并没有起到减少二氧化碳的排放量（自从1990 年以来上升了25%）的作用，并且许多签字国并没有采取足够严格的政策来尽力完成他们所制定的2008-2012 年度的目标。
66. In fact, New York‘s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.
(06.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：New York’s municipal water was called the champagne and considered the best
本句是复合谓语句，由and 并列连接两个谓语动词。the champagne 是主语补足语，in terms of...表示“从......角度而言”。
译文：实际上，纽约市的自来水曾有100 多年被人们称为“自来水中的香槟”，并且从味道和纯度来看，直到最近还被认为是世界上最好的用水之一。
67. Regardless of how it‘s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. (06.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：the popularity... taps into...
短语介词Regardless of 后面接了一个how 引导的宾语从句，作让步状语：“不管......”。谓语动词tap into 表示“开发，发掘”，后面通常接“能源”之类的宾语，句中接了三个表示“愿望”的名词作宾语，our desire (for...), our wish,以及a longing (for...)。
译文：无论怎么卖，瓶装水的普及反映了我们追求健康的愿望，希望给人留下有修养的印象，
甚至对于失去的纯净的一种渴求。
68. "Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主干："Wellness" may be viewed not as a state but as an ideal
not... but...用来连接两个并列的成分，并对其中之一予以否定。对另一个予以肯定。句中两个that 引导的定语从句，分别修饰a state 和an ideal。
译文：“健康”也许最好不是被看做一种人们能够达到的状态，而是被看做一个人们为之努力的理想。
69. In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? (06.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：who should be allowed to...
1.句子主干部分是一个特殊疑问句，用了被动语态。三个不定式短语to come, work and live here 作主语的补足语。
2.句首表示地点的介词短语In a country 在句中作地点状语，后面的that 引导定语从句修饰a country，by... not by...是并列结构，表示“由......而不是由......(决定)”。译文：在一个以理想而不是以血脉定义自己的国家，应该允许谁来这里工作、生活呢？
70. We're saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you're disposable. (06.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:We're saying... and... you're disposable.
句中含有多个分句，具有口语色彩。从大的结构上来说，是and 连接两个分句构成的并列句。前一个分句的谓语动词是are saying,它带了两个宾语从句:we want you to...和we're going to look...。in terms of 后面的what 引导宾语从句。后一个分句含两个when 引导的时间状语从句。
译文：我们一直在说我们想让你们在这些地方工作，至于我们的法律是怎么规定的，我们会装糊涂。然后，当我们方便的时候，或者当我们可以着力证明加强国防安全的必要的时候，尤其是在9.11 以后，这时，你们就可以打发掉了。
71. Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect "saddle curl," the Lay's potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. (06.1 Passage 1)
分析主干:the (Lay's) potato chip seems an (unlikely) weapon
a weapon for global domination"一种用来主宰全球的武器",指具有全球竞争力的食品。主语前是三个并列的短语，中心词分别是thick, golden 和with a... curl。这种形容词或介词短语一般用来作定语，但是本句中，它们位于句首，表示主语的某种属性，可以看做原因状语。译文：乐事薯片的厚度只有0.05 英寸，呈浅浅的金黄色，带有完美的马鞍形状的弧度，它似乎不像是一种能够主宰全球的食品。
72. "Global" does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones that consumers—especially young people—see as part of a modern, innovative (创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. (06.1 Passage 1)
分析主干:"Global" does not mean products (that...) but ones (that...)
谓语动词mean 带了两个由not... but 连接的名词短语作宾语。两个名词短语都有定语从句修饰。在修饰ones 的定语从句中，破折号内的内容起强调补充的作用；inwhich 引导的定语从句修饰world。
译文：“全球”并不意味着被认为是美国的产品，而是指被消费者，特别是年轻人看做是一个现代和富有创新的世界中的其中一部分产品，在这个世界里，来自不同文化的人们通过相同的信念和趣味而联系在一起。
73. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：the trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging... and gave recognition to designers...
1.主句的主语部分是两个同位的名词词组，the influential trade show 和Designers & Agents。主句的谓语动词是and 并列连接的stopped 和gave。
2.第一个谓语动词stopped 用动名词短语charging...作宾语。该动名词短语是charge fee for 结构。who引导的定语从句修饰entrepreneurs。
3.第二个谓语动词是gave，用了give recognition to...结构。whose 引导的定语从句修饰designers。
译文：去年，颇具影响力的贸易展Designers & Agents 向参加洛杉矶和纽约两次春展的年轻的倡导绿色设计的企业家们免收参展费，并且向那些设计的服装至少使用了25%的有机布料的设计师们给予了特别的赞誉。
74. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers and anyone who will listen. (08.12 Passage 2)
分析主干：Shoppers (seldom) complain... but will alert their friends...
1.这是个简单句，but 引导两个并列的谓语动词，语义上是转折关系。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d13750695.html,plain的宾语是or 引导的两个并列的名词，而alert 的宾语是and 连接的5 个名词短语，在语言形式上突出了语义上的对比关系。句末的who 引导定语从句修饰anyone。
译文：顾客很少直接向零售店的经理或店主投诉，而是会将他们不愉快的购物经历告诉他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人--以及任何愿意听他们抱怨的人。
75. Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：Researchers documented claims and found...
句子的谓语含and 连接的两个动词。前一个谓语动词documented 接宾语claims，该宾语含两个后置定语：of 引导的介词短语以及过去分词短语made by...。后一个谓语动词是found，
用了“find +宾语（many）+补语（too vague or too misleading）”结构。too... to...“太......而不能”，短语不定式to meet...作结果状语。
译文：研究者记录下了约2000 种产品所做的环保声明，并发现许多声明要么太模糊，要么会引起误导。结果都不符合ISO 的标准。
76. When next year's crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they'll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who'll become Oxford's vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.
(09.12 Passage 2)
分析主干院they'll be joined by a new face...
when...是时间状语从句.主句是被动语态,由by 引出动词join 的发出者a newface,其后的Andrew Hamilton 和the 55-year-old provost of Yale 都是a new face 的同位语。此外，这几个同位语有一个who 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰，定语从句中的名词短语 a position equivalent...也是vice-chancellor 的同位语。
译文：2009 年秋，当明年的新的一批高中毕业生前往牛津大学就读时，他们将迎来一张新面孔：安德鲁.汉密尔顿。这位现年55 岁的耶鲁大学教务长即将出任牛津大学的副校长—这个职位与美国的大学校长相当。
77. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. (09.12 Passage 2)
分析主干：The board picked Bruce Benson...
1.a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist 是由连词and 引导的并列成分。注意，and 后面没有用不定冠词，表示的是“一个商人兼政治活动家”。该并列结构作Bruce Benson 的同位语，它后面还有一个who 引导的定语从句。
2.冒号后的fund-raising 作the main task 的同位语。
译文：该董事会最终任命了69 岁的布鲁斯窑本森，他是一位科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，应该能够很好地承担起现代大学校长的主要职责：筹集资金。
78. Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. (09.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：Scientists have devised a way to..., a technique that...
1.主干部分动词devised 的宾语是a way，其后有一个不定式短语to determine...作后置定语；
a technique 是对a way 的详细说明，是a way 的同位语（注意，这不是并列成分）。
2.determine 带了一个由where 引导的宾语从句，现在分词短语using...修饰动词determine，是它的方式状语。
3.that 引导的定语从句修饰a technique；help track...中的track 是省略了to 的不定式，表示help 的目的。
译文：科学家发明了一种办法，使用一缕头发来大致判定一个人在哪里生活过，这种技术有助于追查犯罪嫌疑人的或者身份不明的谋杀案受害者生前的行踪。
79. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen—the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked. (08.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：they will see you
Whoever it is 是让步状语从句，“不管那是谁”。主句的方式状语in a way 后有一个定语从句省略了关系词。破折号后的内容the... equivalent...是对a way 的进一步解释和说明，相当于a way 的同位语。译文无论是谁，他们都会以一种你始料未及的方式窥视你要-这在21 世纪就相当于你裸体时被别人撞见。
80. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic...
句中的a statistic 是对90,000 students 的进一步补充说明，可以算作插入语。used过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a statistic，“一个用来......的数据”。
译文：它（学校）招生人数达9 万，这个数字使其号称是美国最大的私立大学。
81. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.
(07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：... less than a third... expected the quality... to be as good (as...)
句中两个逗号间的内容（the DL division of Cornell University）是插入成分，用以解释说明eCornell。本句是简单句，谓语部分用了复合宾语（动词+宾语+宾补结构），不定式to be...在句中作宾语quality 的补语。as good as...是同级比较结构。
译文：在为康奈尔在线（康奈尔大学远程教育学院）做的一次调查中，只有不到三分之一的受访者预计在线课程的质量与在校课程的一样好。
82. On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel"-raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明). (06.6 Passage 2)
分析主干... authorities... staged "Operation Safe Travel"...
句首On 和as 引导的两个介词短语都作状语，一个是时间状语，一个是方式状语。破折号后面的名词词组，中心词是raids, 它是前面引号中内容的同位语；它后面有两个修饰成分，一个是介词短语on airports，一个是不定式短语to arrest...。
译文：在2001 年12 月11 日，为了加强国土安全，联邦政府和14 个州的地方政府对机场发起了名为“安全旅行行动”的突袭，逮捕了拥有假身份证明的机场员工。
84. She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. (09.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：She stayed...
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its
如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍-A 高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，影响其对短文内容的理解。 1 When a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it was n’t unusual to hear a tan say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa． 2 He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773． 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词and，but，or等连接；复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词，找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构，清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的： 《 so that，for the purpose that，in order that等；表示结果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore，thus等；表示条件：if，on condition that，unless等；表示原因：because，since，as等。 【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better．(NMETl995 C篇) 析：这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句内有not only…but also…连接的并列结构。句意：噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要使用消声器．这不仅减轻了轿车的重量。而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好。 【例2】We even have different words for some tools, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating．(NMET2001D篇) 析：whether…or…表示判断选择的搭配结构，which 引出定语从句，指代前文中的事实，that引出同位语从句，while引出状语从旬，表示对比。句意：我们甚至用不同的词语来表示食物，特别是肉类，取决于它们是否还在田问里，还是即将就厨。这表明撒可逊农民干的是农活而上层的诺曼人干的是吃喝。 【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident．(NMETl997 C篇)
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 第一节：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为“he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。 句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 第二节：提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and
1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 2) 【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。 【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but 后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。 2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. (200 3. 阅读. 6. Text 3) 【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。 3. A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 4) 【译文】海德堡大学应用物理系正在研究的高水平新型隐形眼镜不仅能矫正普通的视力问题，还能把正常夜间视力提高五倍，使人的视力比猫还要敏锐。 【析句】复合句。主句是A new high-performance contact lens will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision, 可以看出，主句的主干是not only...but(also)结构连接前后两个并列句，contanct lens后有几个介词短语点明了研究的地点。最后，making people's vision...是现在分词引导结果状语。
精品文档 高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 吉林市第一中学孙家宁 一、找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如：Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans，he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. ［简析］此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed-he，ordered-he，（should）not be used-federal-funds，had proposed-no one，asked-he（asked前面有and，说明asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列）。这一句的主干为“he ordered...and asked...”，“Declaring that...”作状语。句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 二、提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Polytechnique. ［简析］本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。“First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语；“including...”为介词短语作状语；“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Ecolab Polytechnipue理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。 三、寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to 精品文档
高考阅读理解中对长难句的理解 高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢？除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，影响其对短文内容的理解。 1Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t u nusual to hear a m an say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa． 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词and，but，or等连接；复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词，找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构，清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的： so that，for the purpose that，in order that等；表示结果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore，thus等；表示条件：if，on condition that，unless等；表示原因：because，since，as等。 【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better． 【例2】We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating． 【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident． 【例4】First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head，and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize SO dearly won． 【例5】It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers，although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when an e-mail is introduced，the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet． 【例6】Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundlesor struggling with their ballalators through the circle, These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for tings and ideas that we simply can't think of． 二、抓主干、剔从句 一个句子的支架就是句中的谓语动词。根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则一目了然易于理解。一些长句其实就是一个由主句和若干个状语从句
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析 第一部分：高中英语长难句解析 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。一、复合从句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。 这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 二、分隔结构 为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。 三、成分省略 在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。 例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。
历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析 阅读是四级英语中重要的得分点和难点，对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解，也是学习语法，积累高级词汇、句型不可或缺的来源。而四级英语真题阅读部分均选自Times、Telegraph等著名外文报纸及杂志，其行文和词汇原汁原味，值得考生细细品味和灵活借鉴。准备2015年6月英语四级的同学们，还等什么?赶快学起来吧! 历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（1） 1. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】除了早期漂洋过海的旅行者或靠海谋生的人之外，对大多数人来说，大海是遥远的，没有必要提出太多问题，更别说思考大海海底的东西了。 【析句】复合句，本句主干为the sea was remote and there was little reason to...，and连接两个并列句子，两个句子之间又有with the exception of...作伴随状语，伴随状语中又包含who earned a living from the sea定语从句修饰others。最后是习惯let alone...,注意let alone后的动词形式与前面主句动词形式相同。 2. The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】当有人建议铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报光缆的时候，出于商业动机，人们才不得不首次回答这个问题“海底有什么东西”。 【析句】本句话的难点在于主从句成分的区分。主句为The first time was when the laying...was proposed, when引导表语从句，而that question had to be answered with...则是定语从句修饰the first time。 3. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. (1990. 阅读. Text 1)
阅读难句分析 1. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader …conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by …with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. 分析：by短语有两个动名词短语：feeding them the sweetener和injecting them with a drug，而a drug的定语从句中又包含了“连词while+现在分词”结构。1）从语义方面看，conditioned意为“使…形成条件反射”， conditioned mice to avoid saccharin意为“使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射”；2）the sweetener 指saccharin. 译文：1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠粮精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。 2. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility？ 分析：主从复合句，that…responsibility是recognition的同位语从句，从句的主语是动名词短词protecting mankind's great treasure. 1）industry 此处指“公司，企业”。如前文中的industrial denial指“来自企业或公司的拒绝。2）the single most important 意为”惟一最重要的“，single在此表示强调。 译文：企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？ 3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems， that time is now.
如何理解高中英语阅读理解的长难句 摘要：句子理解，特别是长难句理解，是提高阅读能力的突破口。通过英语句法分析与阅读相结合、化长难句为简单句及特殊句型还原的技巧，加深对英语阅读理解中长难句的理解。 关键词：高中英语阅读理解长难句分析理解之法 《英语课程标准》明确提出“能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句”的阅读要求。从近年的高考题来看，所选短文均选自英语原版文章，除了生词量大、篇幅长以外，文中的句子结构也较为复杂，掺杂了大量长难句，考生普遍感觉较难理解。可见，难句理解是阅读理解的突破口。下面，我通过英语句法分析与阅读相结合、化长难句为简单句及特殊句型还原的技巧，谈谈英语阅读理解中长难句的理解。 一、运用句法知识与阅读相结合分析长难句 只有掌握英语的句法结构，才能进行正确的句法分析。在平时的学习中，对英语的固定句型和结构要牢记并掌握，并学会它们之间的转换，这样对长难句的理解就不会束手无策。根据英语中的五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则一目了然，易于理解。一些长句其实就是一个由主句和若干个从句组成的多层次主从复合句，一定要搞清主句和
从句之间的逻辑关系，只要把逻辑关系搞清楚了，长难句就好对付了。 例如：People think being an artist must be a wonderful way to earn one’s living .Of course，there are lots of great things about working for oneself，at home alone.分析：此句是个含有宾语从句的复合句。People think是主句，being an artist must be a wonderful way to earn one’living是谓语动词think的宾语从句，省略了连接词that，全句的结构为：主语+谓语动词+宾语从句，从句中，动名词短语being an artist作主语，must be 作谓语动词，a wonderful way to earn one’s living作表语，其基本句型为：主+系+表，动名词短语being an artist 作主语，不定式短语to earn one’living作定语，修饰way。 再如：Experts found people who played online games designed to improve their cognitive skills didn’t get any smar 60.分析：该句含有宾语从句、定语从句、后置定语，主句为experts found，省略了连接词that，其他就是宾语从句，而这个宾从又包含了定从：who played online games designed to improve their cognitive skills，修饰people，定语从句里还含有过去分词充当的后置定语：designed to improve their cognitive skills，用来修饰online games，只有通过这样的层层递进和分析，
英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南 英语长句和难句一般结构复杂，逻辑层次多；并列成分和插入成分多；修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；各种从句多，并且从句与从句之间的关系复杂；省略和倒装经常出现；由于结构的需要，常见的搭配常常会颠倒或提前等等。 长难句分析方法指南 英语句子无论多么复杂，它们都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的。所以，在理解英语句子的时候，理解并且拆分句子的语法结构和逻辑结构就自然而然成为了我们解题的突破口。 怎么拆分呢？我们可以把主句和从句拆分出来，即找出全句的主语，谓语和宾语；找出句中所有的谓语结构，非谓语结构，介词短语和从句的引导词；分析各从句的作用以及它们之间的关系。说的具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效地理解英语原文。 长难句分析注意事项 在分析句子成分时，还应该特别注意下列几点： 1 是否有同位语和插入语。 2 是否有省略，倒装和分隔等现象。 3 替代词的所指对象。
4 判断并列成分的层次。 5 并列连词and, or, but, for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将它们归入后文的句法分析。 6 在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。 7 非谓语动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。 8 在有多个的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词，短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。 长难句分析实例 1. Decision-thinking is unlike poker---it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. 分析：这句话不长，但是由于有多个从句，并且还有省略，所以难度很大。破折号把这个长句分成为两个句子，前边是简单句，其中not unlike构成双重否定表肯定；后面的是复合句，进一步说明前面的内容。在这个复合句中it是形式主语，matters是谓语，意思为“要紧，重要”，not only---but also和and引导的是并列的名词性从句，在句中做真正的主语。其中后边的两个句子省略了matters。在主语部分中，matters not only what you think 的顺序应该是not only
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(16) 分词和从句 分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)和分词短语在英语中使用非常 普遍，在句子中可以充当补语,定语,状语等成分。在成分复杂的句子中，有时分词的出现易同谓语动词的被动式或者进行时搞混，造成句子主干的判断错误。带有自己主语的分词独立结构由于同非限制性定语从句和插入语一样需要逗号同句子的其他成分分开，因此常会误认为是非限制性定语或插入语。有些从句，尤其是定语从句，其形式变化很多，在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。 Excrise Someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more congnitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. When building space on the ground becomes scarce use must be made of the space in the air. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. 要点：句首的someone后有介词短语with a history of doing more rather than less 对其进行修饰。第二个someone后有一个定语从句
高考英语阅读长难句分析100句 1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from dise ases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associa tions with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a p erson's physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history f rom the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业 的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questio ned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have bro ught many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀 疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。 10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowde d with a larg e number o f passengers.