吉林大学2015考博英语复习：历年真题高频词汇总结

考博英语高频词汇500汇总－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－1、abnormal, uncommon, disordered“反常的”abnormal[?b?n?:m?l] a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。

His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days,the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。

(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。

)uncommon[?n?k?m?n] a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。

Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。

That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！Disordered[dis'?:d?d] a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。

We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。

2、abide, adhere, conform, comply“遵守”。

abide[??baid] v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。

I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。

adhere[?d?hi?] v.后接to表示“遵守”。

(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。

) Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。

2015考博英语必考知识点集锦一、重点梳理1、单词1)初步进行了“自然动态”类的词根词缀的学习2)能够掌握并运用构词法分解单词。

2、语法1)掌握定语句式的用法;2)理解定从、状语从句等重点语法点。

二、一周小测1、单词decision decisiveconcise preciseprecisely precisionsuicide scissorsdecline inclineinclination climaxcliff clientclimate clinicflexible Inflexibledeflect deflectioninflect reflectreflexion reflectionduring durableduration enduranceendure influenceinfluenza influentialaffluence affluentfloat flushfluid fluencyfluent fluctuateflu floodflow2、句子分解及翻译1)The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)2)They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.作业精讲1、The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living..句子成分：1)让步状语;2)同位语从句;3)定语从句。

⼀、98%的⾼校在试卷的第⼀部分或者第⼆部分以词汇题形式考查词汇：考查形近词，例如：The lawyer ________ his ideas loudly and clearly in court, which surprised her a great deal.（中科院；2010）A．acclaimed B．admonished C．addressed D．asserted考查词组搭配，例如：Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” form human beings is a question that________a wide solution.（北⼤；2011）A. admits ofB. requires ofC. needs ofD. seeks of考查近义词，例如：We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data, a product or a financial reward.（医学；2011）A. intelligibleB. infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient常见的有六种题型：（1）以动词为中⼼与其他词搭配（2）近义词辨析（3）近形异义词（4）同根词辨析（5）词义辨析（6）固定搭配。

更多请详见班级课程⾥详解。

⼆、词汇在听⼒、阅读、完形、翻译、写作各专项中得到考查。

“no bricks, no mansions”，词汇量的不⾜会严重制约听、说、读、写、译等诸多能⼒的提⾼。

没有⼀定词汇量的基础，英语词汇与语法结构、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作也就成了“空中楼阁”。

2015年考博英语核心词汇(A-C) a art.一(个)；每一(个)；(同类事物中)任一个abandon vt.离弃，丢弃；遗弃，抛弃；放弃abdomen n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)abide vi.(abode，abided)(by)遵守；坚持ability n.能力；本领；才能，才干；专门技能，天资able a.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事，有本事的abnormal a.反常的，不正常的，不规则的aboard ad.&prep.在船(飞机、车)上；ad.上船(飞机)abolish vt.废除(法律、习惯等)；取消abound vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于about ad.在周围；大约prep.关于；在周围a.准备above a.上述的ad.在上面prep.在..之上，高于abroad ad.到国外，在国外；在传播，在流传abrupt a.突然的，出其不意的；(行为等)粗鲁无礼的absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席，不在；缺席的时间absent a.缺席的；缺乏的,不存在的;心不在焉的absolute a.绝对的，完全的；确实的，肯定的absorb vt.吸收(水、光、蒸汽等）；使全神贯注abstract a.抽象的n.摘要，梗概vt.提取；摘录要点absurd a.荒谬的，荒诞的，荒唐可笑的；不合理的abundance n.丰富，充裕，大量abundant a.大量(充足)的；(in)丰富(富裕)的abuse vt.滥用；辱骂；诋毁n.滥用；恶习；弊端academic a.学院的，大学的；学术性的；理论的academy n.(高等)专科院校；学术社团，协会，研究院acceleratev.使加速，使增速，促进vi.加快，增加accent n.口音,腔调；重音(符号)vt.重读accept vt.接受，领受；认可，同意vi.同意，认可acceptance n.接受，接收，验收，接纳；承认，认可access n.进入；接入；到达；享用权；入口vi.存取accessoryn.附件,附属品;(为全套衣服增加美感的)服饰accident n.意外遭遇,事故；意外(因素)accidental a.偶然的；意外的；无意中的acclaim v.向…欢呼，公认n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞accommodate vt.向…提供住处；对...予以照顾性考虑accommodation n.(accommodations)住宿，留宿；膳宿供应accompany v.陪伴，陪同；伴随，和...一起发生，伴奏accomplish v.实现(计划等)；达到(目的)；完成(任务)accord vt.给予(欢迎、称颂等)vi.&n.符合，一致beverage n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料bin n.(贮藏食物等用的)箱子wrinkle皱，皱纹He will wore the～s of anxiety on his forehead.write写，写字，写信，写作She～s to me every other week.album n.唱片;集邮册,相册storm风暴，暴风雨，暴风雪A～arosestraightforward一直向前的，直接的a～business transaction subordinate下级的In the army,captains are～to majorssubstance物质，实质the～of pre-school educationair-conditioning n.空调设备，空调系统stationary固定的，静止的，非流动的～troopsamiable a.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的amid prep.在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕auction n./vt.拍卖blueprint n.蓝图，设计图，计划vt.制成蓝图，计划ego n.自我，自负，利已主义;(心理学)自我意识eligible a.有条件被选中的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的endow vt.资助，捐赠;(with)给予，赋予escalate v.(使)逐步增长(或发展)，(使)逐步升级escort vt.护送(卫);陪同n.警卫，护送者;仪仗兵evade vt.逃避，回避;避开，躲避arrogant a.傲慢的，自大的artery n.动脉;干线，要道aspire vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于assassinate vt.暗杀，行刺;中伤waken醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm soundedvirtual实际上的，事实上的the～manager of the businessweary疲倦的，疲劳的a～lookvigor体力，精力，活力in the～of manhoodviolate违反，违背～the traffic regulationszone地带，分布带a danger～abdomen n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)abound vi.大量存在;(in，with)充满，富于acclaim v.向…欢呼，公认n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞accountant n.会计人员，会计师aisle n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道，通道supplement增补，补充a～to wagesadjust vt.调节；整顿，调整vi.适应(to)；使调节administer v.施行，实施；掌管，料理...的事务；给予administration n.经营，管理；行政，行政机关，管理部门admire vt.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕；称赞,夸奖admission n.允许进入；承认；入场费，入会费，入场券admit vt.承认，供认；准许…进入，准许...加入adolescent n.青少年 a.青春期的，青少年的adopt vt.采用，采取(态度等)；选定；收养adore vt.崇拜,敬慕,爱慕；非常喜欢adultn.成年人a.成年的，充分长成的，成熟的advance n.前进，预付vi.前进，进展vt.促进，推进advanced a.超前的，先进的；高级的；开明的；前进的advantage n.优点，长处，有利条件；利益，好处advent n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临adventuren.冒险，冒险活动，奇遇vt.大胆进行adverb n.副词a.副词的adverse a.逆的，相反的；敌对的；不利的；有害的advertise vt.公告，公布；为...做广告vi.登广告advice n.劝告，忠告，(医生等的)意见advisable a.可取的，适当的，明智的advise vt.忠告，劝告，建议；通知，告知advocate n.辩护者，拥护者，鼓吹者vt.拥护，提倡aerial a.(在或来自)空中的，航空的n.天线aeroplanen.(airplane)(英)飞机aesthetic a.(esthetic)美学的，艺术的；审美的affair n.[pl.]事务；事情(件)；(个人的)事affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；感动n.情感，感情affection n.爱，喜爱；爱慕之情；感情；疾病，不适affiliate v.使隶属(或附属)于n.附属机构，分公司affirm vt.断言，坚持声称；肯定；证实,确认；affluent a.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的afford vt.担负得起(损失、费用、后果等)，买得起afraid adj.害怕的，恐惧的；犯愁的，不乐意的after prep.在...以后；在...后面adv.以后，后来afternoon n.下午，午后afterward ad.(afterwards)以后，后来again ad.再次，另一次；重新；除此，再，更，还against prep.对着，逆；反对；违反；紧靠着；对比age n.年龄；时代；老年；长时间v.(使)变老agency n.代理(处)；代办处；[美](政府的)机关，厅agenda n.议事日程，记事册agent n.代理人；代理商；产生作用的人或事物aggravatevt.加重(剧),使恶化；激怒,使恼火aggressive a.侵略的，好斗的，有进取心的，敢作敢为的agitate v.摇动(液体)；使焦虑不安；困扰；鼓动ago ad.(常和一般过去时的动词连用)以前，…前agony n.(精神或肉体的)极大痛苦，创伤agree vi.答应，赞同；适合，一致；商定，约定agreeable a.符合的；一致的；欣然同意的；令人愉快的agreement n.协定；协议；契约；达成协议；同意，一致agriculture n.农业，农艺，农耕ahead ad.在前面(头)；向(朝)前；提前Aid n.援助，救护；助手，辅助物vi.援助，救援Aim n.目的；瞄准vi.(at)目的在于vt.把…瞄准Air n.空气；(复数)神气vt.(使)通风；晾干air-conditioning n.空调设备，空调系统aircraft n.飞机，飞船，飞行器airline n.(飞机)航线 a.(飞机)航线的airport n.机场，航空站，航空港Aisle n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道，通道alarm n.惊恐；警报(器)vt.惊动，惊吓；向…报警album n.(同一表演者的)集锦密纹唱片;集邮册,相册alcohol n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料Alert a.机警的，警觉的；机灵的vt.使…警觉Alien n.外侨，外国人；外星人a.外国的；相异的Alike a.同样的，相像的ad.一样地；同程度地Alive a.活着的；存在的；活跃的；(to)敏感的All a.全部的；非常的ad.完全地，很pron.全部allege v.断言，宣称；指控alleviate v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等)alliance n.同盟，同盟国；结盟，联姻allocate v.分配，分派；拨给；划归Allow vt.允许，准许；承认；给予；(for)考虑到allowance n.补贴，津贴；零用钱；减价，折扣；允许Alloy n.合金vt.将…铸成合金Ally n.同盟者，同盟国，vt.使结盟；与…有关联almost adv.几乎，差不多alone a.单独的，孤独的ad.单独地，独自地；仅仅along ad.向前；和...一起，一同prep.沿着，顺着appoint vt.任命，委派；指定，约定(时间、地点等) appointment n.约会,约定；任命,委派;委任的职位appraisal n.对...作出的评价；评价，鉴定，评估appreciate vt.为...表示感激，感谢；欣赏，赏识，评价approach v.靠近，接近n.接近；途径，入门;方式,方法appropriate a.适当的,恰当的,特有的vt.拨给,挪用,盗用approval n.批准，通过；赞成，同意approve v.(of)赞成，赞许，同意；批准，审议，通过approximate a.近似的vi.(to)接近April(名)四月apt a.恰当的，适当的；易于…的，有…倾向的arbitrary a.任意的，任性的，主观的；专断的，武断的arch n.拱门，桥拱洞v.拱起，(使)变成弓形architect n.建筑师；设计师；缔造者；创造者architecture n.建筑，建筑学；建筑式样或风格，建筑物area n.面积；地区，地域；领域，范围argue vi.辩论，争论vt.辩论，论证；说服，劝说argument n.争论(吵)，辩论；理由;论证arisev.出现，发生；(from)由…引起，由…产生arithmetic n.算术，四则运算arm n.手臂，扶手，臂状物v.武装；配备n.武器army n.军队，陆军，军；大群，大批around ad.在...周围，到处prep.在..四周(或附近) arouse vt.唤醒，叫醒；唤起，激起arrange v.安排，筹划；整理，使有条理，排列，布置array n.大量；排列；盛装v.列阵；装扮；排列arrest n.逮捕，扣留vt.逮捕，扣留；阻止；吸引arrival n.到达，到来；到达者，到达物arrive vi.到达；(时间、事件)到来，发生；达到arrogant a.傲慢的，自大的arrow n.箭，矢，箭状物；箭头符号art n.艺术，美术；技术，技艺；文科，人文科学artery n.动脉；干线，要道article n.文章，论文；条款，条文；物件；冠词articulate a.善于表达的；有关节相连的v.清楚地讲话artificial a.人工的，人造的，人为的；虚伪的，做作的artistn.艺术家，美术家；(某方面的)能手artistic a.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的as ad.同样地conj.由于；像...一样prep.作为ascend vi.渐渐上升，升高vt.攀登，登上scertain vt.确定，查明，弄清ash n.灰，灰末；(pl.)骨灰；(pl.)废墟ashamed a.惭愧的，羞耻的，害臊的ashore ad.上岸；在岸上，向岸上aside ad.在旁边，到一边n.旁白；离题的话ask vt.问，询问；请求，要求；邀请，约请asleep a.睡觉，睡着(用作表语)aspect n.样子,外表,面貌,(问题等的)方面aspire vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于assassinate vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤assault v.猛烈地攻击，袭击n.突然而猛烈的攻击assemble vt.集合，召集；装配；收集vi.集合，聚集assembly n.集合；会议；装配；(美)洲议会的众议院assert vt.断言,宣称；坚持；主张（权利、权威等）assess vt.(为征税)评估(财产、收入)；征税；评价assetn.(pl.)资产,财产；有价值的物品；天赋assign vt.派给，分配；选定，指定(时间、地点等) assignment n.分配，指派；(指定的)作业，(分派的)任务assimilatevt.吸收，消化；使同化vi.被吸收；被同化assist vt.协助，帮助，促进vi.帮忙，参加assistancen.协作;援助;帮助assistant a.帮助的，辅助的n.助手，助教；辅助物associate vt.联想；交往；联合；n.伙伴；a.联合的association n.联盟，协会，社团；交往，联合；联想assume vt.假装；假定，设想；承担；呈现，采取assumption n.假定，设想；采取；承担；推测；假装assurancen.保证,担保；确信,断言；信心,信念assure vt.使确信，使放心(of)；向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.太空人，太空旅行者astronomy n．天文学at prep.[表示价格、速度等]以，达；在..方面athlete n.运动员，体育家，身强力壮的人atmosphere n.大气(层)；空气；气氛，环境；大气压atomn.原子；微粒，微量attach v.系，贴，装，连接；使成为一部分；使依恋attack v./n.攻击，抨击；着手，开始n.(病)发作attain vt.达到；完成；获得vi.达到attempt vt.企图，试图n.努力，尝试，企图attend vt.出席，参加；照顾，护理vi.注意；侍奉attendance n.出席；出席人数；护理，照料attendant n.陪从；出席人；服务员a.出席的；伴随的attention n.注意，注意力；立正；特别照顾；照料attitude n.态度，看法(to,toward,about)；姿势attorney n.(业务或法律事务上的)代理人；辩护律师attract vt.引起的注意(或兴趣等),吸引；引起；激起attractive a.吸引人的，引人注意的；漂亮的，迷人的attribute v.(to)归因于,归属于n.属性,品质,特征auction n.／vt.拍卖audience n.听众，观众，读者；见面，会见audio n./a.音频(响)(的)；声音(的)，听觉(的) auditv.审计；查帐；核对；旁听auditorium n.观众席，听众席；会堂，礼堂augment vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张August n.8月aunt n.姨母，姑母，伯母，婶母，舅母，阿姨aurala.听觉的，听力的authentic a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的author n.作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人authority n.权力，权威；权威人士；(pl.)官方，当局auto n.(automobile)(口语)汽车automatica.自动(装置)的；无意识的；n.自动机械automation n.自动，自动化，自动操作autonomyn.自治，自治权；autumn n.秋，秋季；成熟期，渐衰期auxiliary a.辅助的，支援的n.辅助者，辅助设备availn.[一般用于否定句或疑问句中]效用,利益available a.(用于物)可利用的；可见到的，接受采访的avenue n.林荫路，大街；(比喻)途径，渠道，方法average n.平均,平均数a.平均的；普通的v.平均avertv.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)aviation n.航空，航空学；飞机制造业avoid vt.防止，避免；逃避，避开await vt.等候，期待；(事情等)降临于awake a.醒着的vt.唤醒，使觉醒vi.醒来，醒悟到award vt.授予,给予；判定n.奖,奖金；仲裁aware a.知道的，意识到的；away ad.在远处；离开；渐渐远去；一直；去掉awe n.敬畏，惊惧vt.使敬畏，使惊惧awful a.极度的，极坏的；威严的，可怕的awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的；使用不便的；难处理的axe n.（ax）斧子；削减vt.用斧砍axis n.轴，轴线，中心线；坐标轴，基准线babyn.婴儿；年龄最小的人；小动物a.婴儿似的bachelor n.单身汉;(亦作B-)学士(学位)backa.后面的ad.向后v.倒退；支持n.背；后面background n.背景,经历；幕后backward a.向后的,倒行的;迟钝的ad.向后,朝反方向bacon n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉bacteriumn.(pl.)bacteria细菌bad a.坏的；低劣的；不舒服的；腐败的；严重的badge n.徽章,像章；标记；象征；记号badly ad.非常，严重地；坏地，差地，拙劣地badminton n.羽毛球bag n.袋，提包v.把…装入袋中；猎杀；占有baggage n.行李bait n.饵，引诱物vt.用饵引诱；折磨，奚落bakev.烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干balance v.称,(使)平衡n.天平;平衡,均衡;差额,余款balcony n.阳台；(电影院等的)楼厅，楼座bald a.秃的,秃头的ball n.球(状物);(正式的)舞会vt.把…捏成球状ballet n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团balloon n.气球,飞船；a.气球状的v.乘坐气球；膨胀ballot n.(不记名)投票；投票总数；投票权vi.投票ban v.取缔,查禁;(from)禁止n.禁止,禁令banana n.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bandage n.绷带v.用绷带扎缚bangn.砰砰的声音;猛击v.砰地关上,猛撞,猛击bankn.银行；岸,堤；vi.存入(经营)银行；信赖bankrupt a.破产的；彻底缺乏的vt.使破产n.破产者banner n.旗(帜)banquet n.(正式的)宴会vi.参加宴会vt.宴情bar n.条,杆,闩;酒吧;栅,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦barbecue n.烤肉；烤肉用的台架vt.炙烤(肉等) barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露barely ad.赤裸裸地,无遮蔽地;仅仅,勉强,几乎没有bargain n.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交bark vi.(狗等)吠，叫n.吠声，叫声；树皮barn n.谷仓,仓库barrel n.桶;枪管,炮管barren a.贫瘠的；不育的；(植物)不结果的；无用的barrier n.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)base n.基础,底部;根据地v.(on)把…基于baseball n.棒球basement n.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basic a.基本的,基础的basin n.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basis n.基础,根据basket n.筐，篮，篓basketball n.篮球，篮球运动bat n.球拍,球棒,短棒;蝙蝠batch n.一批,一组,一群bath n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给…)洗澡bathe v.游泳,洗澡,浸,弄湿bathroom n.浴室;盥洗室,卫生间battery n.电池(组)；(器具等的)一组，一套；炮兵连battle n.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bay n.海湾,(港)湾be v.(就)是，等于；(存)在；到达，来到，发生beach n.海滩,湖滩,河滩beam n.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑beann.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bear n.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担;结果实,生子女beard n.胡须bearing n.轴承；忍受；关系，影响；举止；方向beast n.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beat n.敲打;(心脏等)跳动v.打败;(心脏等)跳动beautiful a.美的，美丽的；出色的，完美的beauty n.美，美丽；美人，美丽的事物because conj.因为，由于become vi.变成，开始变得vt.适合，同…相称bed n.床,床位；(苗)床,坛；河床，(湖、海的)底bee n.蜂，蜜蜂；忙碌的人beef n.牛肉beer n.啤酒before prep.(指时间)在…以前,在..前面，在..之前beforehand ad.预先,事先beg vt.请求，乞求vi.恳请，行乞begin v.(began,begun)开始，着手beginningn.开始，开端；起源，早期阶段behalf n.利益behave v.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior n.(behaviour)行为,举止；(机器等)运转情况behind prep.在...的背后，(遗留)在..后面；落后于being n.生物，生命,存在；belief n.信任，相信，信念；信仰，信条believe vt.相信，认为vi.相信，信任，信奉bell n.钟,铃bellyn.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛belong v.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等) beloved a./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人below prep.在…下面，在…以下ad.在下面，向下belt n.(皮)带,腰带;地带bench n.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneath prep.在…下边,在…之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefit n.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benign a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的beside prep.在...旁边，在...附近；和...相比besides ad.此外；并且prep.于…之外；除…以外best a.最好的(good和well最高级)ad.最好地；最bet v.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注betray v.背叛,出卖;暴露,流露,泄露better a.较好的ad.更好(地)v.改良n.较佳者between prep.在…之间，在(两者)之间ad.在中间beverage n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料beware v.当心,谨防bewilder v.使迷惑,难住beyond prep.在(或向)...的那边，远于；超出；bias n./v.(使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒Bible n.圣经bibliography n.(有关某一专题的)书目；参考书目bicycle n.(bike)自行车vi.骑自行车bid v.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标big a.大的；重要的；宽宏大量的；大受欢迎的bill n.账单;招贴,广告;(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billion num./n.(美)十亿,(英)万亿bin n.(贮藏食物等用的)箱子bind v.捆,绑,包括,束缚biography n.传记；传记文学biology n.生物学bird n.鸟，雀；女人；嘘声birth n.出生，诞生；出身，血统；起源；出现birthday n.生日；(成方)纪念日biscuit n.饼干,点心bite v./n.咬,叮n.一口bitter a.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的bizarre adj.异乎寻常的，稀奇古怪的black a.黑(色)的；黑暗的n.黑(色)；黑暗；黑人blackboard n.黑板blackmailn.讹诈，敲诈，勒索；胁迫，恫吓blade n.刀刃，刀片；桨叶；草叶，叶片blame v.责备;怪,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blank a.空白的,空着的;失色的n.空白;表格blanket n.毯子(可数)；厚厚一层(可数)vt.铺上一层blastn.一阵(风);爆炸冲击波;管乐器声v.爆炸blaze n.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉v.燃烧,冒火焰bleak a.荒凉的;冷酷的;没有希望的bleed v.出血,流血blend n.混合(物)v.混和,混杂bless v.祝福,保佑blind a.盲的，瞎的；盲目的vt.使失明n.百叶窗block n.大块木（石）料;街区;障碍物v.阻塞,拦阻blood n.血液，血；血统，血亲；血气bloody a.流血的,血腥的bloom n.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blossom n.花(簇)；花期；青春vi.开花；展开；繁荣blouse n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔的罩衫blow vi.吹，吹气，打气；吹奏；爆炸；n.打,打击blue a.蓝色的;青灰色的；沮丧的,阴郁的n.蓝色blueprint n.蓝图，设计图，计划vt.制成蓝图，计划blunder v.(因无知等而)犯大错;踉踉跄跄地走n.大错blunt a.率直的;钝的v.(使)钝;(使)迟钝blur n.模糊不清的事物；污点vt.使模糊；玷污blush v./n.脸红board n.板,木板;全体委员;伙食v.上船(车,飞机) boast v.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boat n.小船,艇body n.身体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boil v.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)bold a.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的bolt n.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bomb n.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bond n.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bonus n.奖金,红利book n.书，书籍vt.订(票，座位，房间等)，预定boom v.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声boost n./vt.提升；增加；抬高（价格）；支援；boot n.靴；(汽车后部的)行李箱；[the-]解雇booth n.电话亭,货摊border n.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与…接壤;接近bore v.钻(孔),挖(洞);烦扰n.讨厌的人,麻烦事born a.出生的，产生的；天生的，十足的borrow vt.借，借入；(思想、文字等)采用，抄袭bosom n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；a.亲密的boss n.老板，上司vt.指挥，控制，发号施令both prep.两者(都)，双方(都）adj.两个..(都)bother vt.打扰，麻烦vi.担心，烦恼n.烦恼，焦急bottle n.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottom n.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床bounce n./vi.(球)弹起,弹回；弹起,跳起；n.弹力bound v./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的，一定的；n.界限boundary n.分界线,边界bow v./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowel n.肠；［pl.］内部，深处bowl n.碗(状物),钵bowling n.保龄球运动box n.盒，箱；包厢v.把…装箱；拳击，打耳光boy n.男孩子，儿子；男性服务员boycott n./v.(联合)抵制,拒绝参与brace v.使防备;支撑;使(手,足,肩等)绷紧n.托架bracket n.(方)括号brain n.(大)脑,骨髓;(pl.)脑力,智能brake v./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branch n.(树)条,分支;分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流brand n.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜,铜器brave a.勇敢的v.勇敢地面对(危险等)breach n.违反，不履行；破裂vt.冲破，攻破bread n.面包breadth n.宽度,幅break vt.打破；中止；违反vi.破(裂)n.休息时间breakdown n.崩溃；衰竭；(关系、计划或讨论等的)中断breakfast n.早餐v.(给某人)吃早餐breast n.胸膛,乳房breath n.呼吸,气息breathe v.呼吸,吸入breed v.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生;教养,抚养n.品种breeze n.微风；轻而易举的事vi.来去匆匆，急速走bribe n.贿赂v.向…行贿,买通brick n.砖块，砖；v.用砖围砌，用砖填补bride n.新娘bridge n.桥；桥牌；鼻梁vt.架桥；渡过briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报briefcase n.手提箱，公事皮包bright a.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的;欢快的,美好的brilliant a.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的brimn.边缘,帽沿bring v.拿来，带来；产生，引起；使处于某种状态brisk a.轻快的;生气勃勃的;兴隆的brittle a.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的broad a.宽的,广阔的;广大的;宽宏的,豁达的broadcast v./n.广播(节目)brochure n.小册子bronze n.青铜；青铜色，古铜色；青铜制品，铜牌brook n.小溪vt.[常用于否定句或疑问句]容忍broom n.扫帚brother n.兄弟;同胞;教友brow n.眉(毛);额brown n./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)browse vi.随意翻阅，浏览；(牛、羊等)吃草bruise n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕vt.打青；挫伤brush n.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;掠过brutal a.残忍的;严峻的;严酷的bubble n.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucket n.水桶,吊桶bud n.芽,花苞v.发芽,含苞欲放budget n.预算v.做预算buffet n.自助餐bug n.臭虫;小毛病;窃听器v.窃听build vt.建造，建筑；建设，建立vi.增大，增强building n.建筑(物)，房屋，大楼[同]structurebulb n.灯泡,球状物bulk n.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块bull n.公牛bullet n.子弹,枪弹bulletin n.公报,公告,告示bully n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓vt.威胁，欺侮bump v.(against,into)碰;颠簸着前进n.碰撞bunch n.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundle n.捆,包,束burden n.担子，重担，负担vt.给予负担或麻烦bureau n.署,局,司,处bureaucracy n.官僚主义，官僚机构；(非民选的)委任官员burglar n.(入室行窃的)盗贼burn v.燃烧，烧着；烧毁；灼伤n.烧伤，灼伤burst v.爆裂,炸破;突然发生n.突然破裂,爆发bury v.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖bus n.公共汽车，总线，信息通路bushn.灌木(丛)business n.商业,生意;事务,业务,职责busya.忙，忙碌的；热闹的，繁忙的；(电话)占线but conj.但是prep.除...以外ad.只，才，仅仅butcher n.屠夫,卖肉者butter n.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于…上butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.纽扣,按钮(开关)v.扣紧;扣上纽扣buy vt.买，买得；向…行贿，收买vi.购买东西by prep.被；凭借；经由；由于ad.在近旁；经过bypass n.(by-pass)旁道；vt.绕过cab n.出租车，出租马车；驾驶室vi.乘出租马车cabbage n.洋白菜,卷心菜cabin n.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋cabinet n.内阁，内阁会议；(带玻璃门存物品的)橱柜cable n.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报cafe n.咖啡馆,(小)餐馆cafeteria n.自助食堂cage n.鸟笼cake n.饼，糕，蛋糕；扁平的块状物calcium n.钙(化学符号Ca)calculate v.计算,推算;计划,打算calendar n.日历,月历call vt.叫，喊；打电话vi.叫；访问n.叫；号召calma.(天气,海洋等)静的n.平静v.(使)平静calorie n.卡路里(食物所产生的热量或能量单位) camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机,摄影机camp n.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营campaign n.战役;运动campus n.(大学)校园can aux.v.能；可以n.罐头；容器vt.把…装罐canal n.运河;(沟)渠cancel v.取消,把…作废;删去,划掉cancer n.癌candidate n.候选人,候补者;报考者candle n.蜡烛candy n.糖果cannon n.大炮,火炮canoe n.独木舟,小游艇canteen n.(工厂、办公室等)食堂或小卖部canvas n.帆布；帆布画布，(帆布)油画cap n.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套v.覆盖于…顶端capable a.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以…的,能…的capacity n.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力cape n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风capital n.首都;大写字母;资本a.主要的,大写字母的capitalism n.资本主义capsule n.胶囊;太空舱captain n.首领,队长;船长;上尉v.做…的首领,指挥captive n.俘虏a.被俘虏的,被监禁的capture v./n.捕获,俘虏;夺得,攻占car n.汽车，车辆，车；(火车)车厢carbohydrate n.碳水化合物;糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类carbon n.碳card n.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片cardinal n.(天主教的)红衣主教a.首要的，基本的care n.小心;关怀,照料v.(about)关心,介意,计较career n.(个人的)事业；专业，生涯，职业，经历careful a.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的caress vt.／n.爱抚，抚摸cargo n.船货,货物carpenter n.木工,木匠carpet n.地毯carriage n.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢carrier n.搬运人;载体carrot n.胡萝卜carry v.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带cart n.(二轮货运)马车,手推车cartoon n.漫画,幽默画;动画片carve v.(雕)刻case n.箱,盒,容器;情况,事实;病例;案件cash n.现金,现款v.兑现,付(或收)现款cashier n.收银员,出纳员cassette n.盒子;盒式磁带cast v.投,扔,掷,抛；铸造；投票；n.演员表castle n.城堡；(国际象棋中的)车casual a.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的casualty n.伤亡人员；受害人；损失的东西；急诊室cat n.猫；猫科；catalog n.（catalogue）目录(册)v.编目(录) catastrophe n.大灾难；(悲剧)结局catch v.捕捉,捕获;赶上;感染;理解,听到category n.种类，部属，类目；范畴，类型catervi.(for/to)满足,迎合;(for)提供饮食及服务cathedral n.大教堂Catholic a.天主教的n.天主教徒cattle n.牛;牲口,家畜cause n.原因;事业,事件,奋斗目标v.使产生,引起caution n.谨慎；注意(事项)，警告vt.劝…小心cautious a.(of)小心的,谨慎的cave n.洞,穴cease v./n.停止,中止ceiling n.天花板；(规定价格、工资等的)最高限额celebrate vt.庆祝；颂扬，赞美vi.庆祝，过节celebrity n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望cell n.细胞;小房间;蜂房;电池cellar n.地窑,地下室cement n.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强cemetery n.坟墓，墓地，坟场census n.人口普查(调查)cent n.分(币);百per cent百分之centigrade n./a.摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的) centimetre n.(centimeter)厘米central a.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的centre n.中心，中央，中间vt.集中vi.以..为中心century n.世纪,(一)百年cereal n.加工而成的谷类食物；谷类植物，谷物ceremonyn.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪certain a.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的certainly ad.一定,必定,无疑;当然,行certainty n.必然,肯定;必然的事certificaten.证(明)书,执照certify vt.证明，证实；发证书(或执照)给chain n.链(条);(pl.)镣铐;一连串v.用链条拴住chairn.椅子；(会议的)主席vt.当…的主席，主持chairman n.主席,议长,会长,董事长chalk n.粉笔,白垩challenge n.挑战(书);艰巨任务,难题v.向…挑战chamber n.房间，室；会议室；议院；(动物体内)腔室champagne n.香槟酒；微黄色championn.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士chance n.机会;可能性;偶然性,运气v.碰巧,偶然发生chancellor n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长change n.改变,变化;零钱v.更换,调换,交换;改变channel n.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径chaos n.混乱,紊乱chapn./v.(皮肤)变粗糙；发痛；n.小伙子chapter n.章；回，篇character n.性格,品质,特性;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字characteristic a.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性characterize v.(characterise)表示…的特性;描述…特性charge v.索(价);控告;充电n.(pl.)费用,代价;电荷charity n.慈善(团体),仁慈,施舍charm n.吸引力,魅力v.迷人,(使)陶醉;施魔法于chartn.图表；航海图；航行图vt.绘图表，制图表charter v.租船,租车,租用飞机；n.宪章，特许状chase v./n.追逐,追求chat v./n.闲谈,聊天cheap a.便宜的;低劣的,不值钱的cheat v.欺骗;作弊n.骗子;欺诈,欺骗行为cheek n.面颊,脸cheer v.(使)振奋,(使)高兴v./n.喝彩,欢呼cheese n.干酪,乳酪chef n.(餐馆等的)厨师长，厨师chemical a.化学的n.(pl.)化学制品,化学药品chemist n.化学家;药剂师chemistryn.化学cheque n.(check)支票,空白支票;总收入cherish vt.抱有，怀有(希望等)；爱护，抚育；珍爱cherry n.樱桃(树)chess n.棋，国际象棋chest n.胸腔,胸膛;箱,柜chew v.咀嚼;思量chicken n.鸡肉；鸡，小鸡，小鸟chiefa.主要的,首要的n.首领,领袖childn.([pl.]children)小孩，儿童，儿女childhoodn.幼年,童年chill n.寒冷,寒气,寒战v.使寒冷chimney n.烟囱chin n.下巴,颏china n.瓷器chip n.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块chocolate n.巧克力(糖),赭色choice n.选择(机会),抉择,选择项;入选者a.精选的choke v.窒息,噎住;闷塞,堵塞,阻塞choose v.选择,挑选;甘愿chopv.砍,劈,斩n.排骨,肉块chorus n.合唱队;合唱v.异口同声地说,随声附和Christ n.基督，救世主，耶稣Christian n.基督教徒a.基督教徒的Christmas n．圣诞节chronic a.(疾病)慢性的;积习难改的;严重的,坏的church n.教堂；教会,教派；（宗教的）礼拜仪式cigarn.雪茄烟cigaret n.(cigarette)香烟,纸烟,卷烟cinema n.电影院;电影,影片circle n.圆,圆周;集团;周期,循环v.环绕,旋转circuit n.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路circular a.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的n.传单,通报circulate v.(使)循环,(使)流通circumference n.圆周,周围circus n.马戏团,杂技团;马戏场,杂技场cite v.引用,引证,举(例)citizen n.公民;市民,居民city n．城市；都市；市civil a.公民的,市民的;民间的;民用的;有礼貌的civilian n.平民a.平民的;民用的civilization n.(=civilisation)文明,文化civilize v.(=civilise)使文明,开化claim v.要求;声称;索赔n.要求;断言;索赔;权利clap v.拍手,拍,轻拍n.拍(手),掌声,霹雳声clarify v.澄清,阐明clarity n.清晰,明晰clash v./n.碰撞n.碰撞声clasp n.扣子,钩子;握手v.扣住,钩住;紧握,紧抱classn.班级，年级；种类，等级，阶级；(一节)课classic n.(pl.)杰作,名著a.第一流的,不朽的classical a.经典的,古典(文学)的。

吉林大学考博英语真题精解Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question.The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper.Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates（patterns）into which they plug each day's events.In other words,there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country,plus one large metropolitan area.Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they're less likely to go to church,do volunteer work,or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one.Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.59.What is the passage mainly about?[A]Needs of the readers all over the world.[B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D]Aims of a journalism credibility project.60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be________.[A]quite trustworthy[B]somewhat contradictory[C]very illuminating[D]rather superficial61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their________.[A]working attitude[B]conventional lifestyle[C]world outlook[D]educational background62.Despite its efforts,the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its________.[A]failure to realize its real problem[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender重点词汇：journalism/5dVE：nElizEm/（新闻；新闻业）即journal+ism，journal （期刊；日志），-ism后缀。

英语词汇题型：词汇；阅读理解；翻译；作文。

我将词汇部分整理如下，疏漏之处请批评指正！——Jade 词汇（Unit1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7,10）Unit 11.People in business or politics often exploit language to gain power or status.exploit =take advantage of 利用2.In interviews, people usually use mainstream language instead of slang.mainstream=very formal 主流的3.Some English teachers think learning slang is not a priority. They prefer to teach standardEnglish.priority=important thing 优先考虑的事nguage changes from decade to decade. Many expressions that were fashionable in the1950s were out of style in the 1960s.decade=period of 10 years 十年5.The two people were close friends, so they used colloquial languagecolloquial=informal 口语化的6.The teacher could n’t tolerate the student’s bad language, so he ordered her to leave the room.tolerate=accept 忍受7.Slang is not accepted in all situations because it deviates from standard, more formalexpressions.deviates=differs from 偏离8.Even today, very conservative people often persist with the idea that slang is unacceptable inall situations, even informal ones.persist with=continue to feel strongly about 坚持9.We construct our own style of speaking based on what we’ve heard throughout our lives.construct=build 构建10.In some societies, language is associated with social class and education. People judge one’slevel in society by the kind of language used.associated with=connected to 与。

2015年考博英语常考重点短语最全汇总（A-B） Aask after/for 问候，询问，探问／请求；找某人;要求at a stretch 不休息地，一口气地at a time 一次at all 一点也不，完全不(用于否定句)at (the) best/worst 顶多，充其量也不过／最坏也就是at (all) time 总是；无论何时，一直at a loss 不知所措at all/any cost(s) 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样，反正at any moment 随时at any rate 不管怎样；总而言之at first 起初；开始at first sight 乍一看，一见就at intervals (of) 不时，时时；每隔...at large 一般的；普遍的；详尽地；在逃；逍遥自在地at leisure 有空闲，闲着的；从容地，慢慢地at liberty 自由，有权(做某事)；闲着at (the) most/least 至多／至少at stake 关系到...的得失；在危险中at that 就这样；而且at sea 茫然，不知所措at the mercy of 完全受...支配，听命于at the moment 此刻at the risk of 冒...的危险attach to 附上；贴上；使隶属attend to 处理，办理；照看，照料;注意,专心于Bback up 支持；倒退be bent on (upon) 一心想做(某事)be better of 处境更好；情况转好be bound to 肯定，注定；一定要; 决心be composed of 由...组成be concerned with 关于...，与...有关；参与...be determined to 坚定；坚决；决心be fed up with/about 对...厌烦了；讨厌be fit for 适合 （ＰＳ：The way to contact yumingkaobo：四零零 六六八 六九七八）be inclined to 倾向于...；想要be obliged to (do) 被迫，不得不be obliged to 感谢be related to 与...相关的，同...有亲戚关系be/get tired/sick of 对...失去兴趣；厌烦be/get used/accustomed to 习惯于bear/keep in mind 记住；牢记bear on/upon 对...施加压力；与...有关；对...有影响before long 很快;不久以后blow out (使火)熄灭；(轮胎)爆裂blow up 炸毁；充气；放大(照片)；勃然大怒boil/narrow down (to) 压缩成；归结为；简化为...break down (机器)发生故障;(计划，谈判等)失败;分析；分解；破除；战胜；(感情)失控，(身体)垮了 break in 闯入；打断；训练；使驯服；使习惯于；break into 闯入；打断；突然开始...；突然...起来break out 突然暴发；逃脱break through 突破；冲破；克服；挤过break up 使粉碎；弄破；解散；结束；解体解散；中断；终止;(学校)放假使苦恼;恳(地)bring down 使垮台；失败；击落，打下；降低(物价，温度等)bring forward 把...提前；提议；建议；(会计)把(账目)结转到(次页)bring in 带来；引进；提出；挣得(报酬等)；生产，产生；收获；(陪审团)下(判决)bring out 出版；上演；显露出；现出；使人有勇气开口bring up 抚养，教育；提出(问题等)；呕吐bring/come/put/carry into effect 开始生效；实行build up 积累；聚集；增进(健康)；增强(体格)；确立(信誉)；吹捧burn down 烧光；把...烧成平地burst out/into 突然发生；突然...起来，怒放but for 除...以外；如果没有by accident/chance (纯粹)偶然地；碰巧；无意by all means 务必，一定，千方百计by no means 决不，一点，也不by and large 大体上；基本上；总的说来by for 更加...得多；尤其；最...by means/way of 用；以；依靠(某种方法，工具，工艺等)/作为;当作;经由by reason of 因为；由于by the way 顺便说一句by virtue of 因；靠；由于；借助于本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

历年英语试卷中常见的实用词组1 a host of 大量2 a test for检测目的3 a test on对……进行测试4 a test with检测手段5 above all 最重要的;6 according to根据7 achieve equilibrium取得平衡8 achieve one’s purpose达到目的9 achieve success 获得成功10 achieve victory获得胜利11 act on 遵照┄行动，作用于；12 act on对…有影响13 add up to 总计，合计14 add…to 把…加到….15 adhere to 坚持，奉行；16 after all 毕竟，均不合题意；17 agree on对……取得一致意见18 agree to同意19 agree with sb.同意某人的话20 along with 和┄一道,和┄一起;21 alternate (with)交替；22 amount to 合计,共计;23 an equal to与……相当的人/物，(地位)相同的人24 and yet然而25 anything but 一点也不；26 anything like像……那样的东西27 anywhere near接近于28 apart form除……之外尚有29 apply to 向……申请，适用于30 appreciation of对……的欣赏/赞赏31 argue against 反对32 as a result of作为……的结果，由于33 as a result（作为结果，因此）表结果，用不用逗号隔开看情况而定；34 as a whole 作为一个整体，整个看来35 as far as …/are concerned就……而言36 as for至于，就…方面说37 as if好像，仿佛38 as soon as一~就~39 as though好像，仿佛40 as to 至于，关于；41 as well也，一样42 as yet迄今，到目前为止43 aside from 除┄之外;44 associate …with…由……联想到……，把……联系起来45 association with与……的交往46 at a disadvantage处于不利地位47 at a loss不知所措48 at a time每次，一次49 at all 丝毫,根本;50 at any moment即使，随时。

博士英语考试要点总结(完美版) 整合博士英语复习资料分数组成：卷面80分+出勤10分+口试10分卷面：一. 听力选择（放2遍）：1分*10=10分二. 给出后缀，要求写出它的意思，并以此后缀造词并写出中文意思：分*10=5分三、单复数的变化四. 选择正确的解释并将所选选项翻译成中文（神经系统、消化系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、药理）：本题出自各章课后习题Multiple choice部分：1分*10=10分五. 2段英翻中（医学科普）：5分*2=10分2段中翻英（一般为中医）：内容包括证、病机、症状、治则的翻译,书中以肺为例，考试中可以变为脾等脏。

详见《博士生医学英语教材》中的IX、X、XI：10分*2=20分六. 给一段中文科普文章，翻译成80字左右的英文摘要七. 作文：Economic Growth and Environment(80字) A4纸手写、不能从网上下，夹在卷子里：10分一．复数形式（教科书P42~43）Ampulla—Ampullae 尾突（另有一意思为壶腹）Corona—Coronae 冠状Vertebra—Vertebrae 脊椎Bronchus—Bronchi 支气管Capillus—Capili 毛发Fungus—Fungi 真菌Omphalos—Omphali 脐Genus—Genera 属Stercus—Stercora 粪Gonad—Gonades 性腺Testis—Testes 睾丸Diagnosis—Diagnoses 诊断Psychosis—Psychoses 精神病Epididymis—Epididymides 附睾Thorax—Thoraces 胸部Appendix—Appendices 阑尾Pollex—Pollices 拇指Meninx—Meninges 脑脊膜Caries—Caries龋齿Derma—Dermata 真皮，皮肤Sarcoma—Sarcomata 肉瘤Stoma—Stomata 口Flagellum—Flagella 鞭毛Labium—Labia 唇Protozoon—Protozoa 原生动物格（p17~p20）及课后练习题I的所有单词。

考博英语高频词汇1.a b i d e b y(=b e f a i t h f u l t o;o b e y)忠于；遵守。

2.b e a b s e n t f r o m….缺席，不在3.a b s e n c e o r m i n d(=b e i n g a b s e n t-m i n d e d)心不在焉4.a b s o r b(=t a k e u p t h e a t t e n t i o n o f)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):b e a b s o r b e d i n 全神贯注于…近:b e e n g r o s s e d i n;b e l o s t i n;b e r a p t i n;b e c o n c e n t r a t e d o n;b ef o c u s e d o n;b e c e n t e r e d o n5.(b e)a b u n d a n t i n(b e r i c h i n;b e w e l l s u p p l i e d w i t h)富于,富有6.a c c e s s(t o)(不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解7. b y a c c i d e n t(=b y c h a n c e, a c c i d e n t a l l y)偶然地,意外. Wi t h o u ta c c i d e n t(=s a f e l y)安全地,8.o f o n e’s o w n a c c o r d(=w i t h o u t b e i n g a s k e d;w i l l i n g l y;f r e e l y)自愿地 ,主动地9.i n a c c o r d w i t h与…一致 .o u t o f o n e’s a c c o r d w i t h同….不一致10.w i t h o n e a c c o r d(=w i t h e v e r y b o d y a g r e e i n g)一致地11.i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h(=i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h)依照,根据12.o n o n e’s o w n a c c o u n t1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=a t o n e’s o w n r i s k)自行负责3)(=b y o n e s e l f)依靠自己o n a c c o u n t赊账;o n a c c o u n t o f因为;o n n o a c c o u n t不论什么原因也不;o f…a c c o u n t有…..重要性.13.t a k e…i n t o a c c o u n t(=c o n s i d e r)把...考虑进去14.g i v e s b.a n a c c o u n t o f说明,解释 (理由)15.a c c o u n t f o r(=g i v e a n e x p l a n a t i o n o r r e a s o n f o r)解释,说明.16.o n a c c o u n t o f(=b e c a u s e o f)由于,因为.17.o n n o a c c o u n t(=i n n o c a s e,f o r n o r e a s o n)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18.a c c u s e…o f…(=c h a r g e…w i t h;b l a m e s b.f o r s t h.;b l a m e s t h.o n s b.;c o m p l a i n a b o u t)指控,控告19.b e a c c u s t o m e d t o(=b e i n t h e h a b i t o f,b e u s e d t o)习惯于.20.b e a c q u a i n t e d w i t h(=t o h a v e k n o w l e d g e o f)了解;(=t o h a v e m e t s o c i a l l y)熟悉21.a c t o n奉行,按照…行动;a c t a s扮演;a c t f o r代理22.a d a p t o n e s e l f t o(=a d j u s t o n e s e l f t o)使自己适应于23.a d a p t…(f o r)(=m a k e s t h.S u i t a b l e f o r a n e w n e e d)改编,改写(以适应新的需要)24.i n a d d i t i o n(=b e s i d e s)此外,又,加之25.i n a d d i t i o n t o(=a s w e l l a s,b e s i d e s,o t h e r t h a n)除…外26.a d h e r e t o(=a b i d e b y,c o n f o r m t o,c o m p l y w i t h,c l i n g t o,i n s i s t o n,p e r s i s t i n, o b s e r v e,o p i n i o n,b e l i e f)粘附;坚持,遵循27.a d j a c e n t(=n e x t t o,c l o s e t o)毗邻的,临近的28.a d j u s t..(t o)(=c h a n g e s l i g h t l y)调节;适应;29.a d m i t o f(=b e c a p a b l e o f,l e a v e r o o m f o r)…的可能，留有…的余地.30.i n a d v a n c e(b e f o r e i n t i m e)预告,事先.31.t o a d v a n t a g e有利的,使优点更加突出地.32.h a v e a n a d v a n t a g e o v e r胜过.h a v e t h e a d v a n t a g e o f由于…处于有利条件h a v e t h e a d v a n t a g e o f s b.知道某人所不知道的事33.t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f(=m a k e t h e b e s t o f,u t i l i z e,m a k e u s e o f,p r o f i t f r o m,h a r n e s s)利用.34.a g r e e w i t h赞同(某人意见)a g r e e t o同意35.i n a g r e e m e n t(w i t h)同意,一致36.a h e a d o f在…之前,超过…;…………….a h e a d o f t i m e提前.37.i n t h e a i r1)不肯定,不具体.2)在谣传中.38.a b o v e a l l(=e s p e c i a l l y,m o s t i m p o r t a n t o f a l l)尤其是,最重要的.39.i n a l l(=c o u n t i n g e v e r y o n e o r e v e r y t h i n g,a l t o g e t h e r)总共,总计40.a f t e r a l l毕竟,到底;(n o t)a t a l l一点也不;a l l a t o n c e(=s u d d e n l y)突然;o n c e a n d f o r a l l只此一次;ab o v e a l l最重要的;f i r s t o f a l l首先;a l l i n a l l大体上说;b e a l l i n累极了;a l l b u t几乎.41.a l l o w f o r(=t a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n,t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t)考虑到,估计到.42.a m o u n t t o(=t o b e e q u a l t o)总计,等于.43.a n s w e r f o r(u n d e r t a k e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r,b e l i a b l e f o r,t a k e c h a r g e f o r)对…负责.44.a n s w e r t o(=c o n f o r m t o)适合,符合.45.b e a n x i o u s a b o u t为…焦急不安;或a n x i o u s f o r46.a p o l o g i z e t o s b.f o r s t h.为…向…道歉47.a p p e a l t o s b.f o r s t h.为某事向某人呼吁.a p p e a l t o s b.对某人有吸引力48.a p p l y t o s b.f o r s t h.为…向…申请 ;a p p l y f o r申请;a p p l y t o适用.49.a p p l y t o与…有关;适用50.a p p r o v e o f(=c o n s e n t t o,b e i n f a v o r o f,f a v o r,a g r e e t o,c o n s i d e r g o o d, r i g h t)赞成,a p p r o v e v t.批准51.a r i s e f r o m(=b e c a u s e d b y)由…引起.52.a r r a n g e f o r s b./s t h.t o d o s t h.安排…做…53.a r r i v e o n到达;a r r i v e a t到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;a r r i v e i n到达某地(大地方);54.b e a s h a m e d o f(=f e e l s h a m e,g u i l t o r s o r r o w b e c a u s e o f s t h.d o n e)以…为羞耻55.a s s u r e s b.o f s t h.(=t r y t o c a u s e t o b e l i e v e o r t r u s t i n s t h.)向…保证,使…确信.56.a t t a c h(t o)(=t o f i x,f a s t e n;j o i n)缚,系 ,结57.m a k e a n a t t e m p t a t d o i n g s t h.(t o d o s t h.)试图做…58.a t t e n d t o(=g i v e o n e’s a t t e n t i o n,c a r e a n d t h o u g h t)注意,照顾;a t t e n d o n(u p o n)(=w a i t u p o n,s e r v e,l o o k a f t e r)侍候,照料59.a t t i t u d e t o/t o w a r d…对…的态度.看法60.a t t r i b u t e…t o…(=t o b e l i e v e s t h.t o b e t h e r e s u l t o f…)把..归因于..,认为..是..的结果61.o n t h e a v e r a g e(=o n a v e r a g e,o n a n a v e r a g e)平均62.(b e)a w a r e o f(=b e c o n s c i o u s o f,h a v i n g k n o w l e d g e o r c o n s c i o u s n e s s)意识到,知道.63.a t t h e b a c k o f(=b e h i n d)在…后面64.i n t h e b a c k o f在…后部(里面);o n t h e b a c k o f在…后部(外面);b e o n o n e’s b a c k(=b e i l l i n b e d)卧病不起.65.a t o n e’s b a c k(=s u p p o r t i n g o r f a v o r i n g s b.)支持,维护;h a v e s b.a t o n e’sb ac k有…支持,有…作后台66.t u r n o n e’s b a c k o n s b.(=t u r n a w a y f r o m s b.i n a n i m p o l i t e w a y)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃67.b e h i n d o n e’s b a c k背着某人(说坏话)68.b e b a s e d o n/u p o n基于69.o n t h e b a s i s o f根据…,在…基础上70.b e a t…a t在…运动项目上打赢71.b e g i n w i t h以…开始.t o b e g i n w i t h(=f i r s t o f a l l)首先,第一(经常用于开始语)72.o n b e h a l f o f(=a s t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f)以…名义73.b e l i e v e i n(=h a v e f a i t h o r t r u s t i n;c o n s i d e r s t h./s b.t o b e t r u e)相信,依赖,信仰.74.b e n e f i t(f r o m)受益,得到好处.75.f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f为了…的利益(好处)76.f o r t h e b e t t e r好转77.g e t t h e b e t t e r o f(=d e f e a t s b.)打败,胜过.78.b y b i r t h在出生上,论出身,按血统 a t b i r t h在出生时;g i v e b i r t h t o出生79.b l a m e s b.f o r s t h.因…责备某人 .b l a m e s t h.o n s b.把…推在某人身上80.i n b l o s s o m开花(指树木)b e i n b l o s s o m开花(强调状态)c o m e i n t o b l o s s o m 开花(强调动作)81.o n b o a r d到船上,在船上,上火车或飞机82.b o a s t o f(o r a b o u t)吹嘘83.o u t o f b r e a t h喘不过气来84.i n b r i e f(=i n a s f e w w o r d s a s p o s s i b l e)简言之85.i n b u l k成批地,不散装的86.t a k e t h e f l o o r起立发言87.o n b u s i n e s s出差办事.88.b e b u s y w i t h s t h.于某事 。

考博英语高频词汇1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。

24. in addition(=besides) 此外, 又, 加之2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在除…外焉 26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, 4.absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion,(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be 27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的富于,富有可能，留有…的余地.6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. 31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 32. have an advantage over 胜过.8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事9. in accord with 与…一致 . 33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize,out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 make use of, profit from, harness)利用.10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意地 35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;…………….根据 ahead of time 提前.12. on one’s own account 37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责尤其是, 最重要的.3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no altogether) 总共, 总计account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;要性. all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in 14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由) all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into解释, 说明. account) 考虑到, 估计到.16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 42. amount to (=to beequal to) 总计, 等于.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable 无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) for, take charge for) 对…负责.18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; 44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used 46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉to)习惯于. 47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁.20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力(=to have met socially) 熟悉 48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ;21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act apply for申请; apply to 适用.for 代理 49. apply to 与…有关;适用22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自50. approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor,己适应于 agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 批准改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.1考博英语高频词汇52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow 82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻 83. out of breath 喘不过气来55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust 84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 86. take the floor 起立发言57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图87. on business 出差办事.做… 88. be busy with sth.于某事。

考博英语词汇大全〔完全免费版〕adore vt．崇拜,热爱advantageous a．有利的,有助的aerial adj．空中的,航空的,空想的,空气的aerospace n．航空和宇宙航行空间agitation n．鼓动,焦虑badge n．徽章,标记baffle vt．困惑,阻碍,为难bait n．饵；引诱物v.使生气,欺负balcony n．阳台；楼厅,楼座bald adj．秃头的bandit n．土匪,盗匪,歹徒bank v．<车或飞机>倾斜转变n.岸banker n．银行家bankrupt adj．破产的banquet n．盛宴丰盛、豪华的筵席barometer n．气压计,晴雨表baron n．大财主,大老板barren adj．不生育的,不孕的,贫瘠的,没有结果的,无益的,单调的,无聊的,空洞的bazaar n．集市,商店集中区beetle n．甲虫；近视眼的人beforehand ad.预先；提前地bestow v．给予,赐赠bewilder vt．迷惑,把…弄糊涂bid v．①致意,吩咐②出价bishop n．<基督教的>主教bleach vt．漂白blond n．白肤金发碧眼的人blunder v．跌跌撞撞地走,犯大错,做错n．愚蠢之举bourgeois n．中产阶级,商人,资产阶级;adj.中产阶级的,平庸bridegroom n．新郎bridle v．限制,阻止bronze n．青铜；青铜制品n．青铜色brood n．一窝幼鸟v．孵蛋,闷想buffalo n．水牛；水陆坦克bug n．臭虫,窃听器bugle n．军号；喇叭,号角bump n．撞击,肿块;v.碰<伤>,撞<破>,颠簸bureaucracy n．官僚政治burglar n．夜盗,窃贼burner n．灯头,煤气头buzz vi．<蜂等>嗡嗡叫C、D字母的cable n．缆,索；电缆；电报n．海底电报catalyst n．催化剂,促使事情发展的因素cater vi．迎合,投合,备办食物,满足<需要>cavity n．〔牙齿等的〕洞、腔cement n．水泥;胶粘剂censor vt．检查,审查,删改charcoal n．炭,木炭；生物炭charter n．〔公司〕执照,宪章chatter vi．&n.喋喋不休chestnut n．栗子；栗树；栗色chop n．<用斧头等>砍,<风>突然改变方向chord n．弦,和音,情绪cigar n．雪茄烟,叶卷烟circus n．马戏；马戏团clamp n．螺丝钳clash v．冲突,撞击clasp n．扣子,钩,紧握clatter n．得得声,卡嗒声cloak n．斗篷；覆盖<物> vt.掩盖,覆盖,掩饰clown n．小丑,粗鲁愚蠢的人clutch vt．抓住vi.掌握,攫cock n．公鸡；雄禽；旋塞n．旋塞,开关,龙头coffin n．棺材,柩coke n．焦炭vt.&vi.炼焦combustion n．燃烧comedy n．喜剧commence v．开始,倡导commend vt．委托给,推荐,嘉奖commission n．委任状；委员会n．委托,委任；委托状complement n．补足物;<数>余数;血清中的补体vt.补充,补足compliment vt．称赞,褒扬,恭维conceit n．自负,自大concentrate v．集中,专心,浓缩concession n．让步,特许权console vt．安慰,藉慰consolidate vt．巩固,使联合,统一constituent n．成份,选区内的选民constitute vt．构成,组成,任命constitution n．章程,宪法constraint n．强逼,压抑,拘束,紧X状态consul n．领事contend vt．声称,主X,认为controversy n．争论,辩论conviction 1. n．确信,信服,深信2. n．定罪corrosion n．腐蚀,侵蚀；锈.corrupt vt．贿赂a.腐败的couch n．##发,睡椅v.表达,措辞counsel n．商议；忠告；律师courageous a．勇敢的,无畏的courteous a．有礼貌的,谦恭的courtesy n．礼貌,谦恭,允许crab n．蟹,蟹肉vi.捕蟹cradle n．摇篮,发源地crank n．曲柄,古怪的人crisp a．脆的；卷曲的crooked a．弯的,歪的；畸形的curly a．卷曲的；有卷毛的cutter n．用于切割的器械cylinder n．圆筒；柱<面>；汽缸damn v．谴责datum n．资料；数据；已知数dazzle v．<使>眼花,眩耀;n.耀眼deafen vt．使聋；使隔音dealer n．商人,贩子；发牌者dean n．系主任decisive a．决定性的；果断的decompose v．〔使〕腐烂decorative a．装饰的decree n．命令,法令,v．颁布命令,公告deem v．认为,视为deepen vt．加深vt．加浓deficiency n．缺乏,不足delegate n．代表deliberately ad.审慎地,故意地denote vt．指示,意味着denounce v．指责,揭发desert vt．放弃,遗弃,逃跑dessert n．甜点心detach vt．分离,分遣detain v．拘留,留住,阻止deviate v．越轨,脱离deviation n．背离devour v．吞食,〔一口气〕读完dictator n．独裁者diesel n．柴油发动机,内燃机dignity n．尊严,高贵dioxide n．二氧化物disastrous adj．灾难性的discern v．〔费劲〕识别,看出discourse n．演讲;论文disillusion n．觉醒vt.使觉醒dismay n．惊慌,沮丧,灰心dispatch v．派遣,一下做完、吃完n.迅速disperse vi．分散dissipate vt．散失,驱散,浪费dissolve vt．vi．溶解,解散distort vt．扭曲,歪曲divert vt．使转向vi.转移dizzy vt．使头昏眼花dock v．剪短,扣除…的一部份dome n．圆屋顶domestic a．<动物的>非野生的,驯养的drain vt．排出沟外,喝光,耗尽drainage n．排水,污水dreadful a．可怕的；令人敬畏的duke n．公爵dwarf n．侏儒,矮小的植物v．阻碍…的正常发育dynamo n．发电机echo n．回声,反响vt.反射<声音等>eclipse n．〔日,月〕蚀,名声缺落,失势vt.引起日蚀,引起月蚀,使黯然失色editorial n．社会；重要评论Egyptian a．埃与的n.埃与人eject v．喷出、逐出elbow n．肘,肘部；弯管vt.用肘挤,挤进electrode n．电极；电焊条embroidery n．刺绣<品>,润色empirical adj．经验的、实证的enchant v．使迷醉,施魔法于endeavor n．努力,事业,vi.试图；努力endow vt．资助；赋予,授予energize vt．使活跃,给予精力,加强,给与...电压;vi.用力,engage vt．施展；吸引；占用<时间,精力等>entitle v．使有权<做某事>entreat v．恳求episode n．一段情节, [音]插曲,插话,有趣的事件epoch n．纪元,划时代的大事equivalent adj．相等的,等值的errand n．差使,差事escort v．护送n．护送者essential a．必要的,本质的a．特发的；自发的estate n．等级,地产evil n．邪恶；祸害n．邪恶,罪恶；祸害exclamation n．惊呼,惊叹词exclusive adj．<人>孤僻的,<物>专用的exert vt．发挥,运用,施以影响expedition n．远征,探险队,迅速expel v．排出,开除explicit adj．外在的,清楚的,直率的exposition n．阐释,博览会extraction n．抽出；提取法；摘要extravagant adj．奢侈的无节制的fabrication n．制作,构成；捏造facilitate vt．帮助,使容易,促进feminine a．女性的；女子气的fence n．栅栏n．击剑<术> vi.击剑ferrous adj．含铁的ferry n．渡船,渡口,v．运送fertile adj．多产的,肥沃的filament n．灯丝,细丝filter vt．过滤n.滤纸filth n．肮脏,粗语firmness n．坚固,坚定,稳固first-rate a．第一流的,优秀的fission n．裂开；分裂生殖fitness n．适应性flake n．片,薄片；肌膈flannel n．法兰绒；法兰绒衣服flap vt．&n.拍打vi.拍动float vi．漂浮flock n．群,一群人,大量v.聚结flutter n．摆动,鼓翼,烦扰;vi.鼓翼,飘动,悸动,乱跳,烦flux n．变迁,不断的变化foam n．泡沫；泡沫塑料forge n．铁匠铺,v．锤炼,伪造v．〔迎着困难〕稳步前进forsake v．遗弃,放弃fortress n．堡垒,防御工事forum n．辩论的场所,讲坛foul adj．恶臭的,邪恶的,v．弄脏n．〔体育等〕犯规fowl n．家禽；禽肉fragrant a．香的,芬芳的frail adj．脆弱的,不坚实的fret v．<使>烦恼, <使>焦急, <使>腐蚀, <使>磨损fringe n．〔窗帘等〕须边,边缘frock n．上衣,外衣,工装,僧衣garage n．车库；加油站n．汽车修理站；飞机库garment n．衣服；服装,衣着generosity n．慷慨、大方geology n．地质学；<某地>地质gigantic a．巨大的；巨人似的ginger n．姜,精力,淡赤黄色vt.使活泼,使有生气gleam n．亮光,闪光,v．发闪光glider n滑翔机pamphlet n．小册子panic n．恐慌,惊惶pant n．气喘；心跳vi.气喘panther n．豹,黑豹；美洲狮pantry n．食品柜,餐具室pants n．裤子；男用短衬裤parachute n．降落伞；风散种子parade n．游行；检阅vt.夸耀<才能等>paralyse vt．使麻痹,使瘫痪parameter n．参数,参量, <口>起限定作用的因素participant n．参加者a.有份的passport n．护照n．达到目的的手段pasture n．牧场；牲畜饲养patent adj．专利的,显著的,新奇的pathetic adj．引起怜悯的,令人难过的peacock n．孔雀peak v．憔悴,消瘦peck n．啄痕,啄食,许多,轻吻peculiarity n．特性；特质pedal n．踏板peddler n.小贩,传播者pedestrian adj．徒步的,缺乏想像的呆板的n．行人pedlar n．<挨户兜售的>小贩peel vt．剥<皮>,削<皮> n.果皮,蔬菜皮penalty n．刑罚,罚款,报应pendulum n．摆,钟摆．penetration n．穿透,洞察力perch v．〔鸟〕栖息n．鲈鱼perfection n．尽善尽美；无比精确peril n．危险perimeter n．周长,周界periodic n．周期的；一定时期的perpetual adj．永久的,不断的perplex vt．迷惑,困惑,难住persevere vi．坚持不懈；不屈不挠persistence n．坚持；持续,存留personnel n．全体人员,全体职员n．人事部门persuasion n．劝说,说服；主Xpertinent adj．相关的,中肯的,切题的petty adj．小的,不重要的,小规模的,小型的,细微的,小器的,卑鄙的photoelectric a．光电的photography n．摄影术pickle n．腌制食品,泡菜pier n．桥墩,码头pierce v．刺透,穿过pineapple n．凤梨,波萝pirate n．海盗,剽窃者v．盗印,掠夺piston n．活塞pitch n．沥青,柏油n．音调<音符之高低>plague n．瘟疫,讨厌的人或物v．烦扰pluck 1. n．猛拉,动物内脏,弹奏2. n．勇气,胆量在困难面前足智多谋的勇气和胆量；精子plump adj．丰满的；鼓起的,直率的vt.突然放下,使丰满,使鼓起plunder v．抢劫,掠夺pneumatic a．空气的；气动的poke v．刺,戳,嘲弄polarity n．极端性,二极分化polymer n．聚合物,多聚物porcelain n．瓷,瓷器pore n．毛孔,气孔,细孔vi.熟读,凝视,细想,沉思postal a．邮政的,邮局的poultry n．家禽prairie n．大草原,牧场precede v．在…之前,早于predecessor n．前任,先辈,以前的东西predominant adj．有势力的,显著的pregnant adj．怀孕的,充满的,含蓄的preset vt．预先装置prestige n．声望,威望,威信presumably ad.推测起来,大概prevalent adj．流行的,普遍的prey n．被捕食的动物,牺牲者prick n．小刺,刺痛v．刺伤,戳穿prism n．棱柱<体>；棱镜prohibition n．禁止；禁令,禁律projector n．投影仪；探照灯promotion n．促进；提升；创立promptly ad.立即propaganda n．宣传；宣传机构propagate vt．繁殖；传播,普与propagation n．繁殖；传播；蔓延prophecy n．预言,预言能力prophet n．预言家,先知propulsion n．推进力proverb n．谚语,格言,箴言provision n．供应,〔法律等〕条款provoke vt．激怒,惹起,驱使psychology n．心理学,心理状态pumpkin n．南瓜,南瓜藤punch n．结论,点睛之笔, <故事,戏剧,笑话等中的>妙语puppy n．小狗,幼犬qualitative a．定性的quantify vt．确定…的数量quarterly a．季度的a．季度的ad.季度地quartz n．石英quench vt．熄灭,结束,冷浸,淬火quest v．n．搜寻,探求radius n．<复数为radii radiuses>X围；半径raise vt．养殖；培育raisin n．葡萄干rally v．n．召集,集会ramble vi．漫步,漫谈,漫游,蔓延ranch n．农牧场,v.放牧rap v．严厉指责rapture n．狂喜,极高兴rascal n．流氓,恶棍,无赖rash adj．轻率的；鲁莽的rattle n．拨浪鼓rebuke v．指责,谴责recipe n．菜谱,烹饪法；处方reciprocal adj．相互的,互惠的recognition n．承认；认可reconcile vt．使和解,调停,使和谐,使听从,使顺从,使一致reef n．礁,礁石,暗礁reel n．卷轴,一卷,蹒跚,旋转,纺车referee n．裁判员,仲裁者refinery n．精炼厂,提炼厂refrain v．抑制,避免n．歌曲的反复句,叠句regime n．政体,政权,政权制度regiment n．〔军队〕团v．严格控制reign n．执政,君主统治,统治,支配religion n．##,信仰remainder n．剩余物reptile n．爬虫动物,卑鄙的人requisite n adj．必需物,必要的reservation n．保留；预定,预订residual adj．残余的,剩余的respectable a．可敬的；人格高尚的restrain vt．抑制,制止,遏制resultant a．因而发生的retail v．n．零售retard vt．妨碍,延迟,迟缓retort vi．反驳,回嘴,反击revive vi．苏醒,复活,复兴,恢复精神revolve vt．&vi.<使>旋转ridicule n .v．嘲笑,愚弄,笑柄rim n．边；边缘,<眼镜>框rinse v．以清水冲洗,漂洗riot vi．参加暴动,纵情,放荡,挥霍ripple n．涟漪,细浪,波纹roam vi．漫游；流浪roundabout adj．绕远道的,转弯抹角的ruby n．红宝石ruthless adj．无情的,残忍的S字母的safeguard n．保护措施；护照salmon n．大麻哈鱼,鲜肉色salute n．招呼,行礼vt.迎接,欢迎sardine n．沙丁鱼satellite n．人造卫星satisfaction n．满意；快事；赔偿n．快事,乐事；愉快saturation n．饱和<状态>；浸透Saturn n．农神；土星scandal n．丑闻,恶意诽谤scar vt．使有疤痕scarcity n．缺乏,不足,萧条scarlet n．猩红色a.猩红的scheme n．阴谋,〔作品等〕体系,结构scoff v．嘲笑,狼吞虎咽scorch v．烧焦,枯萎scramble v．攀登,争夺scratch vt．划破；擦伤scrub n．矮树丛,身体矮小的人v．用力擦洗sculpture n．雕刻seam n．缝、接缝seaport n．海港,港市n．海港,港口,港市senator n．参议员；评议员sensation n．感觉,知觉；轰动senseless a．愚蠢的,无意义的sensor n．传感器,灵敏元件sequence n．顺序,系列；次序sermon n．说教,训诫,布道serpent n．蛇<尤指大蛇或毒蛇>severe adj．严格的,凶猛的,严肃的,朴素的shabby adj．破烂的,卑鄙的shadowy a．有影的；幽暗的shaft n．轴,箭杆,矛,杆状物sham v．佯装n.伪品adj.虚假的shark n．鲨鱼；贪婪狡猾的人shatter vt．粉碎,破碎；毁坏sheriff n．县治安官shipbuilder n.造船专家shipwreck n．船遇难<失事>shortage n．缺少；不足shovel n．铲子、铁锨v．铲shrill adj．尖锐的、剌耳的shrimp n．<复数shrimp<s><小>虾shrine n．神龛,圣地shrub n．灌木shrug vt．vi．耸肩siege n．包围,围攻sift v．筛、过滤simplicity n．简单；简易simultaneous adj．同时发生的sincerity n．真诚,诚意；真实skeleton n．骨骼skyscraper n．摩天大楼slack n．松弛,静止,淡季,闲散,家常裤;adj.松弛的,不流畅的,懒散的slander v．诽谤,中伤slang n．俚语；行话,黑话slim a．细长的；微小的slit v．撕裂n．裂口,裂缝slumber n．v．睡眠,沉睡状态smash vt．打碎,打破,粉碎smuggle v．走私,私运sneer n．冷笑,嘲笑vt.轻蔑sneeze vi．打喷嚏sniff vi．用鼻子吸vt.嗅snob n．势利的人,假内行snobbish adj．势利眼的snore vi．打鼾,打呼噜sociology n．社会学sodium n．钠solidify v．<使>凝固, <使>团结,巩固solo adj．单独的,n．独唱souvenir n．纪念物,纪念品sovereign n．最高统治者,元者soy n．酱油；大豆,黄豆spectrum n．光,光谱,型谱spice n．香料,调味品；香气spill vt．使溢出n.<人>摔下,跌下split v．n．分裂,裂开squash v．压碎,挤压,n．南瓜squat v．蹲下,adj．矮胖的stability n．稳定,稳定性,巩固n．坚定stagger v．蹒跚,摇晃stainless a．纯洁的；不锈的stalk v．暗中追踪stammer v．口吃,结巴standardize vt．使与标准比较steak n．大块牛肉；牛排stem n〔植物的〕茎,叶柄,v．阻止,遏制〔水流等〕stereo n．立体声a.立体声的stern n．船尾stew vt．炖vi.炖着n.炖肉stitch n．〔缝纫时的〕一针,一钩v．缝合storage n．储存；仓库strait n．海峡,困境streamline a．流线型的strip v．脱衣,剥夺n.条带stroll v．漫步,闲逛stubborn adj．顽固的,不听话的,执拗的,棘手的subsidiary adj．补助的,次要的,津贴的subtle adj．微妙的；精巧的successor n．继承人,继任者suffice v．足够,〔食物〕满足sullen adj．愠怒的,沉沉不乐的, <天气等>阴沉的summon vt．召集,号召；鼓起<勇气>;<法律>传唤出庭supersonic a．超声的,超声速的superstition n．迷信,盲目恐惧supplement n．补充物,增刊,补充sweeten vt．使变甜vi.变甜sweetness n．甜蜜；新鲜；温和tabulate vt．制表；列表显示tack n．大头钉,图钉tact n．机智,圆滑tactics n．策略；战术,兵法tease vt．逗乐,戏弄,强求telex n．电传,用户电报tempt vt．诱惑,吸引terrace n．一层梯田,阳台terrorism n.恐怖主义theater n.剧场,阶梯教室theorem n．定理；原理,原则thermal adj．热的,热量的thigh n．大腿thorough a．完全的thrash v．鞭打,乱蹦乱跳tickle n．搔,胳肢,发痒;vt.胳肢,逗笑,使高兴,使发痒;v tighten vt．&vi.<使>变紧tile n．瓦片,瓷砖tilt v．〔使〕倾斜n．倾斜,斜坡toad n．蟾蜍,癞哈蟆torment n．痛苦vt.折磨torpedo n．鱼雷,油井爆破筒;v.用鱼雷进攻,破坏torque n．转矩,项圈track n．轨道；路径；进程,一片土地；地带,vt.跟踪<观察> tragic a．悲剧性的,悲惨的tramp v．重步走,长途跋涉tranquil adj．宁静的,安静的tread n．步伐,轮胎纹trench n．沟,壕沟tribute n．贡物；颂词trolley n．手推车；无轨电车troop vi．成群而行tropic n．热带地区；回归线trot vi．&n.<马>小跑,慢跑tug vi．用力拖n.猛拉,拖tulip n．郁金香tuna n．金枪鱼turtle n．海龟,玳瑁；甲鱼肉twist vi．旋转tyranny n．暴政,苛政,专治tyrant n．暴君,残暴之人U/V/W/X/Y/Zultrasonic a．超声的n.超声波ultraviolet a．紫外的n.紫外线辐射unanimous adj．全体意见一致的unpaid a．未付的；不支薪水的untie vt．解开,松开；解放uproar n．喧嚣,骚动uranium n．铀utensil n．工具,〔厨房〕用具vaccinate vt．vi．预防接种valve n．活门,阀门vault n．窖,地下室,撑竿跳,圆顶vengeance n．报仇,报复ventilate vt．使空气流通,使通风,宣布,公开verge v．濒临;n.边缘versatile adj．多才多艺的,万用的,万向的vicinity n．附近,接近vicious adj．邪恶的,堕落的,品性不端的viscous adj．粘滞的,粘性的vision n．视力；视觉volunteer n．志愿者vt.志愿vow vt．立誓要做；X重地宣告vulgar adj．粗俗的,庸俗的,本土的,通俗的,普通的wag n．摇摆,小丑walnut n．胡桃,核桃树wardrobe n．衣橱,衣室,全部衣服warrant vt．保证,辩解,使有正当理由,批准wasp n．黄蜂,蚂蜂watertight a．不漏水的,防水的watery a．水的；湿的；乏味的weaver n．织布工,编织者wharf n．码头wield v．支配,掌权willow n．柳树windmill n．风车witty a．机智的；风趣的woe n．悲痛,苦难woodpecker n．啄木鸟wrath n．愤怒,大怒wrench v．扭,拧,n．板钳,板手yacht n．帆船,游艇yearn v．盼望,渴望yeast n．酵母,兴奋yolk n．蛋黄。

考博重点英语试题词汇ultimate adj．最后的，最终的ultrasonic a．超声的 n.超声波ultraviolet a．紫外的n.紫外线辐射unanimous adj．全体意见一致的uncertain a．无常的；不确定的 a．不定的；无常的underestimate vt．估计过低underline vt．划线于…之下 vt．着重；预告undertake vt．开始进展；承当underwear n．衫衣，内衣，贴身衣undesirable adj．令人不悦的，讨厌的uneasy a．心神不安的，忧虑的 a．不安的；拘谨的unemployment n．失业；失业人数unfit a．不适宜的；无能力的unfold vt．展开；翻开uniformly ad.相同地；一贯unique a．独特的universally ad.普遍地，一般地unlimited a．无限的；不定的unlock vt．开…的锁；开启unpaid a．未付的；不支薪水的unreasonable a．不讲道理的；过度的untie vt．解开，松开；解放uphold vt．支撑,赞成,坚持,举起,鼓励uproar n．喧嚣,骚动uranium n．铀urge vi．强烈要求usage n．使用, 用法utensil n．工具，（厨房）用具utilization n．利用，效用vainate vt．vi．预防接种validity n．有效；效力valuable a．值钱的；有价值的 n.贵重物品，财宝value n．价值；价格 vt.尊重，重视，评价valve n．活门，阀门vault n．窖,地下室,撑竿跳,圆顶vector n．传病媒介veil vt．揭开vein n．静脉，血管，矿脉velocity n．速度，迅速velvet n．丝绒，天鹅绒 a.丝绒制的；柔软的vengeance n．报仇，报复ventilate vt．使空气流通,使通风,宣布,公开Venus n．维纳斯；美人；色情verge v．濒临;n. 边缘versatile adj．多才多艺的,万用的,万向的version n．改编形式，改写本；译本versus prep．(比赛等中)对veto v．,n．否决(权)vicinity n．附近，接近vicious adj．邪恶的,堕落的,品性不端的video a．电视的 a．录象的vigorous a．强劲的，有力的；精力充分的vigour n．活力，精力；元气villa n．别墅；城郊小屋vine n．葡萄树 n．蔓，藤，藤本violate vt．违犯,亵渎,干扰,阻碍,侵犯violation n．违犯；侵犯，阻碍violent a．猛烈的；狂暴的 a．狂暴的；歪曲的virgin n．处女 a.处女的virtual a．实际上起作用的，实质的visa n．签证viscous adj．粘滞的，粘性的vision n．视力；视觉visit vt．&n.访问，参观 vt．常去。

吉林大学考博英语2015年真题(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Part Ⅰ Vocatulary and Structure1.If you divide 7 by 3, you have 1 ______.•** over•** out•** off** aboutSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D2.This ticket ______ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D3.Digging the foundation is the first ______ of our building project.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D4.I don't think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not ______ to do that type of work.•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D5.Rain water has begun to ______ the roof of my house.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D6.There's too great a ______ of alcohol in Britain.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D7.Ronny's steps died away, and there was a moment of ______ silence.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D8.The Indian wars greatly ______ the dangers of frontier life.•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D9.The poor old woman can't ______ her hot water bottle.•** without•** with•** up** away withSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D10.A system of strict discipline has a(n) ______ effect on conduct.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D11.The ______ of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually makes jobs easier to do.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D12.The archaeologist ______ that the vase was 3500 years old.•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D13.After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a ______ position as an office-boy.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D14.I feel rather at a ______ talking to her, because she's so clever.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D15.The country had ______ swiftly into open conflict with its neighbors.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D16.How many times did the clock ______?•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D17.Most of the leading food shops have promised to ______ prices until after the new year.•** off•** down•** out** backSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D18.Many old houses have been ______ in order that new big buildings may be built.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D19.______ this, everything is order.•**•**•** for**SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D20.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.•** which•** this way•** that** order thatSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D21.Miss Helen always buys ______ priced clothes.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D22.______, he remains very modest.•** his contributions•** made great contributions•** all his great contributions** his great contributionsSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D23.______ of you could be lost in the forest of buildings.•**•**•** one**SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D24.______ troublesome the problem is, he faces it with patience.•**•** matter•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D25.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.•** heated•** heated•** heated** heatedSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D26.He opened his lips as if ______ something.•**•** said•** have said** saySSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D27.Not until shouted at the top of my voice ______ his head.•** he turned•** he turn•** didn't turn** had turnedSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D28.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things ______ to teach you the art of learning.•**•** than•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D29.The football match was televised ______ from the Government stadium.•**•**•****SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D30.______ trouble, I'm going to forget the whole affair.•** rather cause•** causing•** than cause** than causedSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C DPart Ⅱ ClozeSince about 1800, near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these 1 is limited, and electric power is very 2 in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only 3 which can meet the world'senormous 4 for power.Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, 5 it also supplies powerfor 6 things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes.It 7 telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and **munication. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being 8 with solar energy.The three most significant types of solarequipment 9 are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air, 10 is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable.Solar stills are 11 important because they can provide 12 water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can easily be 13 from sea water with a solar still.The most highly developed type of solar 14 equipment is the solar cell. Some cells are so 15 that they can turn 16 percent of the energy they receive from thesun 16 electric energy. One of the cell's biggest advantages is 17 it can be made either small enough to carry 18 large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the 19 consumer but when waysare 20 to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.•** since•** wonder•** all** farA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.•**•**•****A B C DPrat Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionPassage OneChose wisely when considering a partner, whether to attend church and how you look after your body. These decisions could have a significant effect on your overall life satisfaction. That's according to a study that challenges the theory that life happiness is largely predetermined by your genes.This widely accepted "set-point" theory of happiness says that an individual's long-term happiness tends to be stable because it depends mainly on genetic factors. The idea is based in part on studies that show identical twins have more similar level of life satisfaction than non-identical twins, and suggests that although your level of happiness may occasionally be thrown off by major life events, it will always return to a set level within two years.To find out whether people really are destined for a certainlevel of happiness, Bruce Headey at the University of Melbourne in Australia and his team questioned people in Germany about their jobs, lifestyles and social and religious activities. They found that certain changes in lifestyle led to significant long-term changes in reported life satisfaction, rather than causing the temporary deflections in happiness that set-point theory would suggest.One of the biggest influences on a person's happiness was their partner's level of neuroticism. Those with partners who scored highly on tests for neuroticism were more likely to unhappy—and to stay unhappy for as long as the relationship lasted.Altruism and family values also influenced long-term happiness. People whose annual survey responses changed to place a higherpriority on altruistic behaviors and family goals were rewarded with a long-term increase in life satisfaction. Those who prioritized career and material success, however, experienced a corresponding lasting decline.Having strong **mitments also seemed to help in the pursuit of happiness. "People who attend church regularly seem to be happier than people are not religious," says Headey.A person's weight turned out to be another factor for long-term happiness, especially for women. Underweight men scored slightly lower than those with healthy weights, while women reported being significantly less happy when they were obese. Being overweight appeared to have no effect on men's happiness.Robert Cummins at Deakin University in Burood, Australia, notes that changes in happiness reported by Headey's team could be influenced by individuals falling into or recovering from depression.The group suggests its findings may be applied to other populations, having found similar patterns, as yet unpublished, in the UK and Australia.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.What opinion does the "set-point" theory about happiness hold, according to the passage?•** people choose in life has no effect on their happiness.•** fewer changes one has in his lifestyle, the more satisfied he feels.•**'s happiness is mostly predetermined by genetic factors.** twins' life satisfaction tends to stay in similar levels.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.What did the studies led by Bruce Headey find?•**'s long-term life satisfaction seems to keep stable always.•** changes in lifestyle have impacts on long-term happiness.•** in lifestyle cause occasional deflections of one's happiness level.** in Germany are happier than in the UK and Australia.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.What action is good for people getting long-term life happiness according to Headey's study?•** career and material wealth in the first place.•** to church with family members once in a while.•** with a partner with highly-scored neuroticism.** altruism and family values in their life.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.What does Robert Cummins want to express?•** is no scientific evidence to support the finding of Headey's team.•** is still another factor affecting the changes in life happiness.•** Headey's team found is not suitable for other populations but Germans.** findings of Headey's team are of little use for people's daily life.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.What does the passage mainly discuss?•** factors tend to keep one's life satisfaction stable.•** are destined to some level of life satisfaction.•** choices can affect long-term life satisfaction.** overweight influences one's life happiness little.A B C DPassage TwoIt is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign; otherwise it may **pletely out of hand.Road politeness is not good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool headed and good tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the drive who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can't even learn to drive,let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give and take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.In the author's opinion, ______.•** traffic regulations are badly needed•** should apply road politeness properly•** drivers should be punished** should avoid traffic jamsA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.The sentence "You might tolerate the odd road hog...the rule" (Para.1) implies that ______.•** society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists•** drivers can be met only occasionally•** well-mannered motorist today cannot tolerate impolite drivers** impolite drivers constitute the majority of motoristsA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.What would most probably happen nowadays when you show politeness to other drivers on road?•** would show politeness to you inversely.•** would show thankfulness to you.•** would just drive on as nothing has happened.** would make way for you readily.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.The examples in the third paragraph are used to illustrate ______.•** is polite for drivers to let children and the old to cross the road first•** politeness shown in the wrong moment can lead to dangers •** is dangerous to allow a car to emerge from a side street to follow traffic** should recognize other's politeness at the right momentA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car ownership explosion, ______.•** users should make more sacrifice•** should be ready to yield to each other** should have **munication among themselves** will suffer a great loss if they pay no respect to othersA B C DPassage ThreeThe phrase "progressive education" is one, if not protest, atleast of contrast, of contrast, of contrast with an education which was predominantly static in subject-matter, authoritarian in methods, and mainly passive and receptive from the side of the young. But the philosophy of education must go beyond any idea of education that is formed by way of contrast, reaction and protest, for it is an attempt to discover what education is and how it takes place. Only when we identify education with schooling does it seem to be a simple thing to tell what education actually is, and yet a clear idea of what itis gives us our only criterion for judging and directing what goes on in schools.It is sometimes supposed that it is the business of the philosophy of education to tell what education should be. But the only way of deciding what education should be, at least, the only way which does not lead us into the clouds, is discovery of what education takes place when education really occurs. And before we can formulate a philosophy of education we must know human nature is constituted in the concrete; we must know about the working of actual social forces; we must know about the operations through which basic raw materials are modified into something of greater value. The need for a philosophy of education is thus fundamentally the need for finding out what education really is. We have to take those cases in which we find there is a real development of desirable powers, and then find out how this development took place. Then we can project what has taken place in these instances as a guide for directing our other efforts. The need for this discovery and this projection is the need for a philosophy of education.What then is education when we find actual satisfactory specimens of it in existence? In the first place, it is a process of development, of growth. And it is the process and not merely the result that is important. A truly healthy person is not somethingfixed **pleted. He is a person whose processes and activities go onin such a way that he will continue to be healthy. Similarly, an educated person is the person who has the power to go on and get more education.In any case, development and growth involve change, modification, and modification in definite directions. It is quite possible for a teacher, under the supposed sanction of the idea of cultivating individuality, to fixate a pupil more or less at his existing level. Respect for individuality is primarily intellectual. It signifies studying the individual to see what is there to work with. Having this sympathetic understanding, the practical work then begins, for the practical work is one of modification, of changing, of reconstruction continued without end. The change must at least be towards more effective techniques, towards greater self-reliance, towards a more thoughtful and inquiring disposition, one more capable of persistent effort in meeting obstacles.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.According to the author, the philosophy of education ______.•** the same as the conception of progressive education•** the essence of education and the way it occurs•** to any idea of education that is conservative and authoritarian** with the judgment and direction of school managementA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.The philosophy of education is supposed to ______.•** from real understanding of occurrences in actual schooling •** the only way leading to obscure understanding of education •** taken place when education first came into existence** the basis on which decisions on practical education are formulatedA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.The chief task of the philosophy of education is to ______.•** the constitution of human nature in great detail•** the practical effects of social forces on education•** how raw materials are made into valuable goods** out the ways of how to bring out the best human facultiesA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.The significance of desirable education lies ______.•** in its operation than in its modification•** in its modification than in its operation•** only in its result but also in its process** in its process than in its resultA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.What can we learn from the last paragraph?•** supposed approval of the idea of cultivating individuality is reasonable•** refers to making a pupil develop in a fixed direction.•** respect individuality means to discover whether an individual is worth modifying** education should be based on cultivating a student according to his/her natural talent.A B C DPassage FourThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill thepatient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death".George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as good doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level, many in the **munity acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, <em>Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life</em>. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors totrain in hospitals, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "A large number of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering", to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension".SSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.We learn from the passage that ______.•** never increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain •** is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives•** Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide** have no constitutional right to commit suicideA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.George Annas may agree that ______.•** doctor's medication shouldn't be justified by his intentions •** cannot give patients large dosages of medication on any account•** pain-relieving medication can be prescribed** should be held guilty if they risk their patients' deathA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ______.•** medical procedures•** treatment of pain•** drug abuse** hospital careA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.What's the possible meaning of "aggressive" (Line 3, Para.7)?•**.•**.•**.**.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.According to George Annas, which of the following medical behaviors should be punished?•** patient impatiently.•** patients more medicine than needed.•** drug dosages for patients.** the needless suffering of the patients.A B C DPassage FiveSmell is the most direct of all the senses. It is thought to be the oldest sense in terms of human evolution, which may explain why smell is hard-wired into the brain. The olfactory nerve, which manages the perception of smells, is essentially an extension of the brain. The olfactory nerve provides a direct link from receptors at the top of the nose to the portion of the brain that controls memory, emotion, and behavior.The olfactory system detects certain airborne chemicals that enter the nose and then transmits this chemical information to the limbic system in the brain. The olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril is yellow, moist, and full of fatty substances. The shade of yellow indicates the strength of the sense of smell: the deeper the shade, the keener and more acute it is. Animals have a very strong sense of smell, so their olfactory regions are dark yellow to reddish brown, while those of humans are light yellow.When an odorous substance enters the nose, it binds toolfactory receptor cells, the neurons lining the yellow upper portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory receptor ceils contain microscopic hairs called cilia that extend into the layer of mucus coating the inside of the nose. Odor molecules diffuse into this region and are absorbed by the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells. What this means is that when we hold a rose to our nose and inhale, odor molecules float up into the nasal cavity, where they are absorbed by five million olfactory receptor cells. The receptor cells alert the olfactory nerve, which sends impulses to the brain's olfactory bulb, or smell center. Thus, olfactory information about the rose enters the brain's limbic system, where, in most of us, it stimulates a feeling of pleasure.The limbic system of the brain integrates memory, emotion, and behavior. The system is composed of a group of related nervous system structures that are the functional center of emotions such as anger, fear, pleasure, and sadness. **ponents of the limbic system arelinked to the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain involved incomplex learning, reasoning, and personality. The cerebral cortex makes decisions about the emotional content of these unique human qualities after "consulting" the limbic system and the other brain centers in processing and retrieving memories. It may, in turn, use memories to modify behavior.Scent may be the strongest trigger of memory and emotions. When we inhale a scent, receptors in the brain's limbic **pare the odor entering our nose to odors stored in our memory. Along the way, memories associated with those odors are stimulated. A smell can be overwhelmingly nostalgic because it triggers powerful images and emotions. The waxy fragrance of crayons can instantly transport us to our second-grade classroom, or the scent of freshly mown grass can flood us with the joy of summer freedom. What we see and hear may fade quickly in short-term memory, but what we smell is sent directly to long-term memory.Smells can increase alertness and stimulate learning and retention. In one study, children memorized a word list, which was presented both with and without accompanying scents. The children recalled words on the list more easily and with higher accuracy when the list was given with scents than without, showing the link between smell and the ability to retain information. In another study, researchers examined how various smells can increase alertness and decrease stress. They found that the scent of lavender could wake up the metabolism and make people more alert. They also found that the smell of spiced apples could reduce blood pressure and avert a panic attack in people under stress.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN21.Why does the author use the term "hard-wired" in describing the sense of smell and the brain?•** describe the texture and feel of the olfactory nerve•** emphasize the close connection between smell and the brain •** compare the power of smell with that of other senses** explain how the sense of smell evolves in early humansA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN22.Of what significance is the color of the olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril?•** color changes with different airborne chemicals.。

2015年吉林大学考博《英语》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、PartⅠVocatularyandStructure(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Ifyoudivide7by3,youhave1______." A.leftover" B.leftout" C.leftoff" D.leftabout（分数：1.00）A.√B.C.D.解析：动词词组辨析。

leftover"留下，剩下"；leftout"遗漏；忽略"；leftoff"戒除；停止；不再用"；leftabout"乱放，乱丢"。

根据语境判断，leftover符合句意。

句意为：7除以3余1。

故答案为A。

2.Thisticket______youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant." A.permits" B.entitles" C.grants" D.credits（分数：1.00）A.B.√C.D.解析：动词词义辨析。

entitlesb.tosth."给……权利；给……资格"；grant"同意；准予；授予"，一般跟双宾语；permitsb.todosth."允许某人做某事"；creditsth.to"把……归于"：creditsb.withsth."认为……有(某种优点或成就)"。

符合语境且搭配正确的是entitle。

句意为：凭这张券你可在我们的新餐厅免费就餐一次。

故答案为B。

3.Diggingthefoundationisthefirst______ofourbuildingproject." A.procession" B.solution" C.phase" D.achievement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.√D.解析：名词词义辨析。

2015年考博英语语法真题重点整理（3）—动词的句型1、常见的动词句型（1）在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等)，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等)。

例如： She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising．她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。

I watched them rehearsing the play．我看他们排演戏。

I could feel the wind blowing on my face．我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。

（2)表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。

例如：I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。

If she catches me reading her diary，she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。

We found him waiting to receive us．我们发现他正等着接待我们。

（3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。

go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。

如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling 打保龄球，shopping 购物，sightseeing游览，camping露营。

I’ll go camping tomorrow．我明天去露营。

I’ll go shopping．我去商店。

Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗?（4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做…I am busy writing my thesis．我正忙着写论文。

2015考博英语必备语法知识点虚拟语气是考博英语阅读理解、完形填空和翻译中一个很常见的语法现象。

尤其是在阅读理解中，推理题，这个决定学生能不能从40分的阅读中夺得30分以上的一个题型。

而我们此处的虚拟语气是推理题经常出选项的地方。

从1986年到现2014年，其出现的频率是很高的。

同时，英语二中虚拟语气也是个考点。

但是其形式多，很多考生在判断辨识和使用上有一定难度。

虚拟语气的考点一般在考博中有四大类：if引导的从句类;从句中(should)do句型;特殊句型类以及单用句型类。

在上一讲中我们学习了if 引导的从句这个第一类别。

那下面育明教育陈夏玲老师就此考点带领大家一起继续学习一下更多院校的考博英语真题及其解析或考博英语辅导体验请拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八，加咨询扣扣七七二六七八五三七。

(二)从句中的(should)do句型(1)英语中有些表示要求，建议、提议、命令、意愿等的形容词、动词和名词，其后若跟随有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，从句中的动词要求要用虚拟语气形式，即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。

属于该类的常见形容词有:advisable，desirable,essential, imperative,insistent,keen,necessary,preferable,urgent,vital 等。

例1.If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however,it seems imperative,not only that communications in transport should be improved,but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite.(1989年阅读3)。