主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord )
主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。根据现代语法的基本原则，可以从三个角度来掌握：1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。
一、语法一致
指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如：
1)A grammar book __helps__ (有助于) you learn something about the rules of a language.
2)Grammar books __help_____ (有助于) you learn something about the rules of a language.
1、不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
1) Reading often __means__(意味着）learning .
2) To read English aloud every morning _does__(do) you a lot of good.
3) What he said __has__(have) been recorded .
2、不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, no body, no one, nothing,等作主语或是修
饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
1) Neither of my sisters __likes_ (like) sports .
2) Every boy and girl _shows_ (show) great interest in extra-curriculum activities .
3) Everyone should obey the rules and anybody who __breaks_ (break) the rules will be punished.
3、表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
1) One Thousand And One Nights __tells_(tell) people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .
2) The United States __is_(be )leading the world in science and technology .
3) The United Nations ___plays an important part_in the international affairs .
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
二、意义一致
主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
1、当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。
1）Petroleum, along with fuel gas, _has__(have)recently risen in price.
2）The teacher, with all his students, ___is_ (be)going to have a picnic this weekend.
3）The students, together with their teacher , __are__ (be)going to have a picnic this weekend. 4）The warehouse, with all its stockings, ___was__ (be)burned last night.
我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：
Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas.
Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price.
The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.
Together with their teacher, the students are going to have a picnic this weekend.
2、表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时，其意义若是指整体应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；
1）Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
2）Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.
3、当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：
1) War and peace __is_(be) a constant theme in history.
2) An Italian composer and singer _is_(be) coming to our school to give us a free performance. 3）Chinese and Japanese silk __are_(be) of good quality.
4）All work and no play __makes_ (make) Jack a dull boy.
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel 钢铁 a needle and thread 针线
going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起
a knife and fork 刀叉 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣
bread and butter 黄油面包 law and order 治安
4、集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语强调集体中的成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, team等等.例如：
1）The family __are_(be) all fond of football.
2）The family _is_(be) the tiniest cell of the society.
5、what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容如果是复数意义时,谓语动词可用复数形式.
1）What we want __is_(be) more time.
2）What they need in that area __are__(be) doctors and nurses.
3）What she left him ___are__ (be)some old photos.
链接：such作主语时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单,复数.
4）Such __are_(be) her wishes.
5）Such ___is__(be) Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.
6）Such who __have_(have)plenty of money __want_(want) more money.
6、倒装句
倒装句的谓语动词的单复数应根据主语而定.
1）On the wall ___are__(be) several famous paintings.
2）South of the city __is__(be) a large stadium
三、就近原则
1、谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等。例如：
1）Either I or they __are__(be) responsible for the result of the matter.
2）Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude __has__(have) caused me any distress.
3）Not only he but also all his family __are__(be) keen on concerts.
4）Neither his family nor he ___knows_(know)anything about it.
2、由There, Here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，其谓语动词常和邻近的那个词保持一致。1）There __is__ a knife and some apples here.
2）Here __are__ some envelopes and paper.
四、数词,量词作主语的主谓一致
1、"more than one + 单数名词", “many a + 单数名词" 结构作主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词用单数形式.但"more +复数名词+than one"结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.
1）More than one person __has__(have) known the news.
2）More students than one __are_(be) for your proposal.
3）Many a passenger __was__ (be) killed in the accident.
4）Many a boy __has__ (have) been to the castle.
2、"a + 单数名词+ or two"结构作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.但"one or two + 复数名词"结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.
1）A word or two is missing here.
2）One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening.
3、a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
1) A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition.
2）The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often ___surprises___(使惊讶)people even to death.
3）A kind of rose in the garden __smells__(smell) very pleasant.
4、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数,例如：
1）On the seashore, some people _are_(be) playing volleyball and some__are___(be) lying in the sun.
2）Both of us __are__ fond of watching football games .
3）A number of will-be graduates ___are__voluntarily going to work in the West of China.
5、有些短语，如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词、或单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：1）A lot of money in the shop __was__(be) stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.
2）A lot of books about Investment Fund_ __have____(have) been published recently.
3）The rest of the students __are__(be)watering trees.
4）The rest of the wine _has__(have) gone bad.
巩固练习：
1.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1990. (2009 山东卷)
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
2. Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ______visit Beijing this summer.(2009陕西卷)
A. is going to
B. are going to
C. was going to
D. were going to
3. The population of Jiangsu ________ to more than twice what it was in 1949. the figure is now approaching 74 million.( 2009 江苏卷)
A. has grown
B. have grown
C. grew
D. are growing
4. The teacher together with the students ______ discussing Reading Skills that _____ newly published in America. (2009 四川卷)
A. are; were
B. is; were
C. are; was
D. is; was
5. Either you or one of your students _____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南卷)
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. be
6. —Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water ________.
A. have polluted
B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted
D. have been polluted
7. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽卷)
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
8.One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______black people. (2011湖南卷)
A．is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
9.All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____damaging our health. (2012湖南卷)
A. show；are
B. shows；are
C. show；is
D. shows；is
10.The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. (2012陕西卷)
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. are
11. More than one student, along with some parents , _________quizzed for information on the reference books so far.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. has been
12. Foretelling accurately when and where the earthquake will happen ________ only a form of rumor at current stage.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. will be
13. Lucy is the only one of the students who_________ a winner of scholarship for years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
14. Such______ my unusual experiences during my trip to Talimu.
A. was C. have C. were D. had
15. It is one’s bad habits rather than a certain natural disaster _______ one’s longevity for most of the time.
A. that affects
B. which affect
C. which affects
D. that affect
16. The famous musician, as well as his students, _______ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.(2013 福建)
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited
17. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them. (2013 湖南)
A. are；is
B. are；are
C. is；are
D. is；is
18. Generally, students’ i nner motivation with high expectations from others________ essential to their development. （2013 江苏）
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致 教学设计 北戴河新区长白学校姜殿凤 考情分析： “主谓一致”是每年中考的必考知识点，平均每年一道题。 学情分析： 学生需要对该语法项目进行系统的归纳和总结，并灵活运用所学知识点。教师的精确点拨可以帮助学生更好地掌握语法知识。复习目标： 1.能掌握主谓一致的基本原则。 2.能在具体的练习题中总结归纳有关主谓一致的规则。 3.能体验到自主学习的重要性、探究学习并完成任务的快乐。复习重点和难点： 重点：主谓一致应遵循的三个基本原则。 难点：一些代词、集合名词等作主语时应遵循的原则。 复习策略： 自主复习合作探究精心点拨模拟演练归纳总结 教学过程： Step Ⅰ:导入 播放幻灯片“中考导航”，使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中 的高频考点。 中考导航：
设计意图：使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。Step Ⅱ:考点突破 学生探究，教师精确点拨，突破考点。 1.主谓一致的含义（幻灯片3） 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2.主谓一致三原则：（幻灯片4 ） ①语法一致原则： 指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式. Tom ___(be) a good student. They often _____(play) football on the playground.
②意义一致原则：（幻灯片5 ） 指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记. 指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family ____(is, are) having lunch now. Maths ____ (is, are) difficult for me. ③就近一致原则：（幻灯片6） 指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致. Not only the teacher but also his students _____(like) playing football. There ____(be) a pen and some books on the desk. 突破考点： ①名词作主语：（幻灯片7——12） 1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk ____(be) Tom’s. Some water____ (be) in the bottle. The students _____ (be) playing football on the playground. 2.某些集体名词，如family, team, club，class，public，group 等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。
6 主谓一致基础知识与练习（教师版） 课首沟通 了解学生的学习情况 知识导图 课首小测 1. [名词] [难度：★★★ ] One of the ___________ (run) is from Class 2.
【参考答案】 runners 【题目解析】 本题考查了one of +名词复数，表示“.....中之一”的用法。题中给出来的词是动词 run ，这里要填名词复数，所以也考查了动词变名词的用法。一般情况下，动词要变为 名词都是直接在动词后面加er ，如work 变为worker ；如果动词本身以e 结尾，可以直 接加r ，如write 变为writer ；如果动词的最后三个字母为“辅元辅”结构并且是重读 闭音节时，动词要双写最后一个字母，再加er ，如win 变为winner ；个别动词是加or 的，如inventor ；题中的run 因为是“辅元辅”结尾而且是重读闭音节，所以它的名词 为runner ，再结合one of 的固定搭配，由此答案应为runners 。 【学有所获】 一般情况下，动词变为名词直接在动词后面遇到以e 结尾的动词，______________________；如果 动词的最后三个字母为“辅元辅”结构并且是重读闭音节时，________________________________；有个别几个事在动词后加__________。 2. [数词] [难度： ★★★ ] Thursday is the f ___________ day of the week in the UK 【参考答案】 fifth 【题目解析】 首先根据题目意思以及题前的the ，我可以知道此空应填个序数词。在中国国家里，每 周的第一天是周 一，所以会有很多学生写fourth 。而在西方国家中，比如此题中特意 强调的the UK ，每周的第一天是周日，所以题中的星期四其实是一周中的第五天，因此 答案为fifth 。 3. [祈使句] [难度： ★★★ ] ___________ (not eat) in the library, Tony. 【参考答案】 Don’t eat 【题目解析】 动词放在句首，没有主语，而且根据句子意思我们可以知道这是一个表示建议、命令的 句子，所以要用祈使句。而题中有not ，祈使句的否定句直接在句首加Don’t 就可以 了，所以答案为Don’t eat。 4. [一般现在时;一般过去时] [难度： ★★★ ] She ___________ (be) short in 2002,but now she ___________ (look) taller. 【参考答案】 was ； looks 【题目解析】 从题句中的时间标志词in 2002可以判断第一个空应用一般过去时态，主语是she ，所 以用was ；第二个时间标志词为now ，很多学生看到now 就会直接想到用现在进行时 态，可是look 在此句中表示“看起来....”，所以不能用现在进行时态，应该用一般 现在时态，主语she 是第三人称单数，所以第二个空应填looks 。 5. [一般现在时] [难度： ★★★ ] ___________ Helen like ___________ (swim) every day? 【参考答案】 Does ；swimming 6. [单选题] [代词;形容词词义辨析] [难度： ★★★ ] Is there ___________ in the book? A. special something
1、形式一致 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有：economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct．What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。
专题八主谓一致和特殊句式 ?主谓一致的考查要点 1.就近一致原则 (1)由or, not only...but also..., neither...nor..., either...or..., whether...or..., not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. (2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two copybooks. 2.意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 %1表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为夏数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。 Politics is his favorite subject. %1表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? (2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people, police, public, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The police are searching for the murderer. (3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 %1集体名词，如family, class, group, team, club, company, government, population 等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know, his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. %1“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 3 .语法一致原则 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语
高中英语语法试题-主谓一致必刷100题-附带解析(教师学生版) 1.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success______a sum of small efforts made each day and often______ years to achieve. A.is;takes B.are;takes C.are;take D.is;take [解析] 1.句意:记住这一点很重要:成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累,往往需要多年的积淀才能获得。本题考查主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,第一空和第二空共用主语success,它是不可数名词,故谓语动词用单数形式。故选择A 项。 2.(2014湖南,32,1分)All we need______a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A.are B.was C.is D.were [解析] 2.句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。本题考查主谓一致。根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话的语境为一般现在时,故选择C项。 3.（2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟，22）—Lydia, what did our headteacher say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who to lead the group asked to be at the school gate before 6: 30 in the morning. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are [解析] 3.句意：——Lydia，校长刚才说什么？——全体学生和带队老师们早上6: 30前在校门口集合。第一空who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the teachers，故从句谓语应使用be动词的复数形式are；如果and连接的两个并列主语被no, every或each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数，故第二空应使用be动词的单数形式is。注意as well as不是并列连词，不能引导并列成分，所以谓语动词要和其前的主语保持一致， 4.（2014安徽省江南十校高三3月联考，23）— Why is the chemical plant closed? — Because large quantities of waste water ______ into the Yangtze River. A. has been released B. is being released C. was released D. have been released
非谓语动词学案 授课班级______ 应到学生______ 实到学生_____课型_____ 教学目标：1. 熟悉非谓语动词的构成； 2. 能够熟练使用非谓语动词。 教学过程： 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语,而非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 二、非谓语动词的形式和基本用法： 1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来; I have a meeting to attend. The child has nothing to worry about. He worked day and night to get the money. 2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行； Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 3、动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成。 The window was broken by the boy. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. I heard the song sung several times last week. 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing/ not/ never done 五、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
主谓一致 一、以并列结构作主语的主谓一致 1．由and/ both… and连接的并列主语 1）Both Mr. Smith and his son (has, have) gone fishing. 2）Bread and eggs (is, are ) a good breakfast. The manager and secretary (is , are ) not here. 3) 当and 连接的名词词组有each, every 或many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。 e.g. Every girl and every boy in this room (is, are) studying hard. Many a boy (was, were) sad after seeing the film. 2.由or/ nor/ either… or/ neither…nor/ not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，依据“就近原则” e.g. My sisters or my brother (is, are) likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers (is, are ) coming. Not only he switches but also the old wire (has, have) been chagend. 3. 主语+ as much as/ rather than/ more than/ no less than/ as well as/ in addition to/ with/ along with/ together with/ except/ but 等引导的从属结构时，其后的动词取决于主语本身的形式e.g. Some of the workers as much as the manager (was, were) responsible for the loss. His brother rather than his parents (is, are) to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family (is, are ) eager to go there again. The father as well as his sons (is, are) going to the park tomorrow. No one except two girls(was, were) late for dinner. 二、数量概念名词作主语的主谓一致 1.表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 1）如被看做是一个整体，谓语动词用单数 如被看做是组成该数量的个体，谓语动词用复数 e.g. Six months (is, a re) too short a time. There (is ,are ) six coins in my pocket. 2) “分数/ 百分数+ of”的结构，谓语动词依of 后面的名词而定 e.g. Over sixty percent of the city (was, were) destroyed in the war. Thirty-five percent of the doctors (was, were ) women. 3)one in/ one out of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One in ten students (has, have) failed the exam. 4) 两数想减或相除，谓语动词用单数 两数相加或相乘，谓语动词单复数均可 e.g. Forty minus fifteen (leaves, leave) twenty-five.
主谓一致讲与练 一谓语动词用单数 1.不定代词each, another, the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ① Neither of us _______ (have) gone through regular training. ② Nobody_______ (want)to go there. ③ Something _______ (have) been done to prevent the river from being polluted. 2.当each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a…and many a….等结构，谓语动词用单数形式。 ① No man and no animal _______ (be) to be found on the moon.在月球上没有发现人和动物。 ② Many a doctor and many a nurse_______ (be) busy with their work.许多医生和护士都在忙于他们的工作。 3.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的名词做主语，谓动常用单数。 ① Three years in prison ______ (be) a long time for him. ② Twenty years ______ (be) not a long time. (整体） ③ Twenty years ______ (have) passed since he left. 4. 单个的动词不定式、-ing形式或从句做主语，谓动用单数。 ① To learn English well _______ (be) difficult. ② Reading newspapers every day _______ (keep) you informed of what is happening in the world. ③ Why she did this _______ (be) not known. 在以what从句作主语的”主系表“结构中，主句的谓动要以表语名词的单复数而定。 ① What caused the accident _______ (be) a complete mystery. ② What his father left him _______ (be) a few English books. 5.Many a, more than one+单数名词构成的短语做主语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓动仍用单数。 ① Many a scientist _______ (have) tried this way of solving the problem before. ② More than one person_______ (be) ready to try his luck this time. 6. 不可数名词或单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ①There _______ (be) much water in the thermos. ② The city _______ (be)founded in the 8th century BC. 7主语由and 连接但意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数, 注意and连接的两个名词前只有一个冠词。 ① The singer and writer_______ (be) famous to everyone. ② A pen and book _______be) what I need. ③ Early to bed and early to rise _______you healthy. ④ All work and no play _________ (make) Jack a dull boy. (只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻.) 比较: My friend and lawyer _______ (have ) caught a very bad cold. My friend and my lawyer _______ (have ) caught a very bad cold. 8主语是以s结尾的学科及专有名词（书/格言）时，如：the United States, the New Times, Arabian Nights等，谓动要用单数。 ① Mathematics _______ (be) the only course that Mary failed in. ② The Times usually _______ (speak) for the American government. 二谓语动词用复数 1. 可数名词复数或both, (a) few, many. several 等做主语时, 谓动常用复数。 ① Both (of) the instruments _______ (be) not precise ones. ② Many cities in China _______ (be) very beautiful, attracting people from all over the world. 2. 不可数名词前有quantities of/ amounts of修饰时，谓动常用复数；但其前为a quantity of/ an amount of修饰时，谓动仍用单数。
所谓“主谓一致”就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。主谓一致有许多语法规定，这里作一个比较全面的总结与归纳。但有一点必须指出，光是总结还不等同于大家已掌握了主谓一致，正是因为其繁琐性与固定性，要求同学们熟记在心并通过反复练习来巩固。 1．动词不定式、动名词，或者主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： What we want is some water． 我们需要水。 To say something is usually easier than to do something． 说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。 Whether he will come is still unknown． 他是否会来还不知道。 注： ①当若干个动词不定式，动名词或主语从句被and连接起来当主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： What he says and what he does don’t agree． 他言行不一致。 Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets． 他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是谜。 ②由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： What we need is more time． What we need are doctors． 2．“就近一致”原则。 当一个句子有两个主语，这两主语又是由“not only…but also”， “either…or…”“neither…nor”连接起来时，谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。如： Not only he but also I am good at English． 我们俩英语都不错。 Either they or he is to come． 不是他们就是他会来的。 3．当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，常作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数。 Five years is a long time to wait for an answer． 为了等待一个答复4年时间够长的。 The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago． 李白诗集很久以前就出版了。 25,000 miles is a long distance． 两万五千里是很长的一段路程。 4．由and连接的两个并列主语一般谓语动词用复数。如： Plastics and rubber never rot． 塑料与橡皮永远不会腐烂。 注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有every, each, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education． 在我们国家，男孩女孩都有受教育权。
主谓语一致主要有以下几种情况： （一）and 连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情况： 1．如果指两个或两个以上的人或物时，谓语动词用复数。He and I are both students of this school. 2. 但若连接两个以上名词指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.The knife and fork is on the table. 试比较 Bread and butter is a common food for breakfast. Bread and butter are sold in this shop. (二) 如果主语后紧跟由with ; along with; together with; as well as; besides; like; without; except(but); including; not；rather than 等引起的短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致，也就是所谓的就远原则。如 The teacher, together with his students, is planning trees in the streets. Mary, like many girls, loves dancing.All the students , including Tom, are leaving.No one except(but) me knows about it. (三) 如果主语是动词不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句时。谓语动词用单数。 What he is doing seems very important.Collecting stamps is his hobby. （四）如果两个主语由or; either…or; neither…nor; not only …but also，连接时，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。也就是所谓的就近原则。如： Neither you nor I am wrong. Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. （五）不定代词all , more , most, some, any. None做主语，谓语动词视情况而定。 All of the apples are rotten. All of the apple is rotten None of the money is left. None of the students were there. （六）the rest of ; half of; part of; majority of ; percent of ; one third of, + 名词，谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致。如Half of the students have finished their compositions. Half of the fruit is bad. About 60 percent of the work is done. （七）集合名词做主语、谓语动词可用数，也可以用复数，主要有句子意思或上下文决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数，强调其中的一个各成员谓语动词用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有：people, public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group等。例如： His family is going outing. His family are all music lovers. （八）不定代词做主语，谓语动词一律用单数。 Someone is asking for you. Nothing is found in the room. （九）a lot of(lots of), plenty of, a large quantity of +名词的词组后面的名词是中心词，谓语动词根据短语动词后面的名词的数而定。A lot of film stars were present at the meeting. A lot of money has been saved. (十) a great deal of ; a large amount of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 （十一）1、a number of＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 A number of books are lent out from the library every day. 2、the number of ＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。 The number of the students present is not known. 3、numbers of ＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 Numbers of people have come from all parts of the country to see the exhibition. (十二) there be 句型中，谓语动词一般和最近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen and three books on the table.There are three books on the desk. （十三）有些名词，单、复数同形，做主语时，其谓语动词按上、下文来决定。这一类名词有：means, works, (工厂) deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等Not every means is useful.Not all means are useful.There is a chemical works near the river. （十四）every… and every…; each… and each…;no…and no… many a …and many a …在以上短语中and 连接的单数名词，整个短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard. （十五）many a; more than one; one and a half与单数名词组成的词组，习惯上也用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. One and a half apples is enough. （十六）the ＋形容词（表示一类人）做主语时。谓语动词常用复数。 The young are between 18 and 22. （十七）表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词做主语时，谓语动词常用单数。即把主语当作一个整体来看。 Thirty years is not a long time. Three hours is enough to do the work. （十八）加、减、乘、除算式中，谓语动词常用单数。Two plus two is four. （十九）书刊、报纸、国名等做主语时，谓语动词用单数“Noble houses ”is a good book.. (二十) 如果主语是“a (this ,that) kind of + 名词”的结构，其谓语动词要用单数形式；如果主语是“kinds of +名词”或者“复数名词+of(this, that)kind”结构，谓语动词要用复数形式。 This kind of apples sells better than apples of that kind.This kind of women is hard to deal with. Men of this kind are dangerous. There are four kinds of machine here.
Unit1 Subject Verb agreement Learning Goals ： At the end of the lesson,you will be able to 1.Define the Subject-Verb Agreement. 2.Identify the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject in number and person. 3.Learn the rules to form sentences keeping the agreement between subject and the verb. 【自主预习】 预习主谓一致知识点，完成主谓一致的知识梳理。 语法一致:主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式 1.and 连接的名词作主语： 1) 连接的名词表示不同的事物,谓语动词用复数 Terry Lin and Yuquan ______ (be) pop singers. 2) and 连接的两个名词，指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and 的后面的名词前面没有冠词。 The singer and dancer often _______ (attend) our evening party. 2.主语后面带有as well as, but, except, together with, along with, rather than 等连接的词时，谓语动词根据这些词的 来确定形式。 It's said that Liu Huan as well as three other music tutors(音乐导师) of The V oice of China _____ (be) going to join in the show. 3.表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks , glasses, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves 等作主语时,谓语动词通常用 (单数/复数）形式。 Glasses ______ (is, are) sometimes important to a person's image. 但如与a kind of, the kind of, a pair of, the pair of 等 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用 (单数/复数）形式。 The pair of glasses_____ (make) Sha baoliang more charming. 4.each,neither,either+of + the+复数名词或代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应该用 (单数/复数); 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用 (单数/复数)。 1). Each of the shows _______ (appeal) to audience. 2). Either of the books on the table _______ (belong) to me. 3). Everybody ______ (want) to be present at the scene of the show. 5.由many a 和 more than one 等修饰的单数可数名词作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数,但是谓语动词用 (单数/复数)． 1. More than one pop singer _____(feel) like being a competitor of I AM A SINGER. 2. Many a professional musician ______(think) highly of this show. 就近一致原则: 谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。 1.这些连词连接两个主语时，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。 Neither the singers nor the host ______ (know) the name of the new competitor until the show starts. 2.在there be 句型中或以here 开头的句子中，谓语动词be 应与后面的名词保持一致； 当后面的名词不止一个时,谓语动词的人称和数应该和其最靠近的那个名词的人称和数保持一致． 1). There ____ (is/are) 7 singers competing with each other in the show. 2). There ____(lie) a park and two shops behind the school. 意义一致: 主语形式虽是单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词采用 (单数/复数)形式；主语形式虽是复数但表示单数意义，谓语动词也采 用 (单数/复数)形式。 1. family, team, class, crowd, government, group, police 等集体名词作主语时， 如强调整体，谓语动词用 (单数/复数);如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用 (单数/复数)形式。 (1).Our family ____ (be) a big one. (2).Our family _____（watch ） I AM A SINGER every Friday. 2.学科名称, 国家名称作主语时,谓语动词用 (单数/复数)形式；主语为表示长度、重量、时间、或是价值的复数时，应看作是整体,即使其中的名词为复数形式，谓语动词也用 (单数/复数)形式． 1). Physics ______ (play) an important part in our daily life. 2). The United States_____ (act) as the world police. 3). 9o minutes ____ (is/are) not enough for audience to enjoy their singing. 4). 50 yuan ____ (have) been spent on the tickets. 3. the +姓氏名词复数：表示“一家人”或“……夫妇”; the + 形容词：表示“一类人”在句中作主语是，谓语动词应用 (单数/复数)形式 1).The Greens _____ (is/are) watching I AM A SINGER now. 2).The young _________ (represent) a new trend of pop music. ●主谓一致的其他情况 1. 关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。 1). I AM A SINGER is one of the reality TV shows (真人秀 ) that ________ (appeal) to audience best.