主谓一致 教师版
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动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(一)动词的时态Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.解析:首先确定该动词为主句的谓语动词;其次根据宾语从句的谓语动词had以及上下文的时态等为一般过去时,故该谓语动词应使用一般过去时;最后,主语和谓语动词之间构成主动关系。
2.(2019·北京卷)On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.解析:考查动词的时态。
本句叙述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时,故填voiced。
3.(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question suggests/suggested/has_suggested (suggest) that,for most students,it doesn't.解析:考查动词的时态。
本文的主题时态是一般现在时,主语是research,可以用suggests;又可以表示“研究已经表明了”,用现在完成时,可以填has suggested;又可以表示“研究过去表明了”,可以用一般过去时,填suggested。
4.(2019·浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades improved (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.解析:考查时态和语态。
第五课时谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是中考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中,最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时,其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是:①动词时态的基本用法①动词语态的基本用法①主谓一致考点1动词的时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
①表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
①在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
1.Mike often (收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.【答案】collects本题考查动词的时态。
由and plays可知,此空为一般现在时,主语Mike为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2.And then it just (grow) and makes the world a better place.【答案】grows本题考查动词的时态。
此处主语it为第三人称单数。
由于and连接的前后两个动词为并列关系,根据makes可知时态为一般现在时,故填grows。
3.We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于) between China and Russia on the map. 【答案】lies句意:我们在地图上可以清楚地看到蒙古位于中国和俄罗斯之间。
本题考查动词的时态。
时态用一般现在时,Mongolia是第三人称单数,因此从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
4.Mary is crazy about reading. She b a lot of books from the school library every time.【答案】borrows句意:Mary酷爱阅读。
1. 主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一,经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。
主谓一致的重要考查点是:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则,其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。
从命题形式来看,主要以单项选择为主,在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。
2. 倒装句是中考中常考的特殊句型之一,命题形式主要以单项选择、完成句子等。
主谓一致与倒装句在初中阶段学习分布如下:Enjoy the following story and find out which kind of sentence is used in the story.Long long ago, there was a hill;On the hill stood a temple;In the temple lived an old monk;The old monk was telling stories to a little monk.第2讲 主谓一致与倒装句主谓一致一、语法一致原则语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
用法例句9. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。
This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. 10. “分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of /lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。
高中语法专项练习单选100题—— 主谓一致养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
1. (2023·江苏省·月考试卷)I am watching TV while my mother ______.A. cooksB. cookingC. will cookD. is cooking【答案】D【解析】句意:我妈妈做饭的时候我在看电视。
while在此处表示“某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中”;根据am watching可知,此处用现在进行时,结构是be+动词的-ing;第三人称单数my mother作主语,be动词用is。
故选D。
2. (2022·天津市·历年真题)Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane lastSunday.A. distributeB. distributedC. are distributedD. were distributed【答案】D【解析】句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。
分析句子结构可知,Food and medical supplies是句子的主语,是复数形式,与动词distribute“分发”为被动关系,故需要用被动语态be distributed;根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知,句子需要用一般过去时态,故be动词要用were。
专题十一主谓一致【考情分析】所谓主谓一致, 是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
汉语里虽然也涉及人称和数, 但是谓语形式上没有变化。
例如:他想去。
/我们都想去。
而在英语里却说:He wants to go. / We all want to go.关于主谓一致, 一般有三个原则:语法一致, 意义一致和邻近一致。
上面的例子属于语法一致;Ten minutes is enough. 属于意义一致;There is a pen and three books on my desk.属于邻近一致。
主谓一致是高考试题常涉及的考点, 虽然不是每套高考试题必考的内容, 但是其知识点比较零散, 涉及面广, 所以考题往往有一定难度。
近几年的高考试题中淡化了对纯语法知识的考试, 因而很少有单独考查主谓一致的语法项目, 常常把其放入时态, 语态, 从句, 倒装句中一起考查。
【自我测试】在空白处填入括号内动词的正确形式。
1. The blind (study) in special schools.2. Look! The teacher with his students, (be ) working in the lab now.3. The museum I have visited (stand ) at the end of the street.4. Three weeks (be ) not enough for me to write the report.5. So far three –fourths of the homework (have ) been finished.6. Either he or I (be ) to go to Beijing on business.7. More than 70 percent of the books (be ) written in English nowadays.8. Large quantities of water (be ) needed for cooling purpose.9. All (be ) present and all is going well.10.How one treats his parents (have) great influence on his children.答对等级:0-5(poor)6-7(so-so)8(good) 9-10(excellent)答案:1.study 2.is 3.stands 4.is 5.has6.am7.are8.are9.are 10.has【教学建议】不着急给学生解释该题错误的原因, 可以在复习完相应的考点以后再让学生解释为什么错了, 以及正确的答案应该是谁。
英语语法“主谓一致”说课稿一、说教学目标(Teaching Aims)让学生通过自学、交流讨论,学习和掌握主谓一致的语法规则,熟练运用人称和数上与主语保持一致的原则,并通过相关的练习学会应用所学到的语法知识,能够在书面表达中杜绝主谓一致方面的错误。
二、说教学重点(Important Teaching Points)掌握集合名词、不定代词、并列连词连接的名词、代词等作主语的主谓一致规则。
三、说教学难点(Difficult Teaching Points)能够应用主谓一致的知识:1.谓语动词用单数的种种情况。
2.就近原则。
3.定语从句中的主谓一致。
四、说教学程序:5. Every boy and every girl in the class (is/are) very diligent.(四)、1. Neither you nor I (are/am) fit for the work.2. There (is/are) a pen, five pencils and three books on the desk.(五)、1. Jane, together with her parents, (goes/go) to the park every Sunday.2. Henry, rather than Jane and John, (is/are) responsible for the loss.Step 3交流讨论通过问题引导学生分组进行交流讨论,总结归纳主谓一致的语法规则。
Ask students to discuss these questions and sum up the grammatical rules of Subject-Verb agreement.一、集体名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由什么来决定?二、哪些不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式?none以及all作主语时,谓语动词的单复数怎么决定?三、由and连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,在哪些情况下,谓语动词需用单数形式?四、哪些情况下,句子谓语动词遵循就近一致原则?五、哪些情况下,谓语动词的单复数与句首的主语保持一致?Step 4释疑解难由学生报告刚才讨论的结果,即对以上5个问题做出回答。
主谓一致主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。
这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则:语法一致原则句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。
意义一致原则句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式,而是取决于主语的单复数意义。
就近原则当句子中有若干个并列主语出现,谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词决定。
I.以– s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致IV.表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致V.一些句型结构的主谓一致(定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语)VI.其他结构中的主谓一致I.以– s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致1.以– s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语2.以– ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语3.以– s 结尾的地理名词作主语4.以– s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语5.* 以– ings结尾的动名词作主语6.其他以– s结尾的名词II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体,其中有的是复数含义,有的是不可数含义,有的根据不同的上下文,既可以有复数含义,也可以有单数含义。
1.通常用作复数的集合名词这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin等。
在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.Cattle provide us with milk and beef.People解释为“民族”时为单数形式,复数时词尾要加s。
e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.2.通常用作单数的集合名词machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage等。
主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord )主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单,其实使用起来却不是那么容易,有时候甚至很复杂。
根据现代语法的基本原则,可以从三个角度来掌握:1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。
一、语法一致指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式。
例如:1)A grammar book __helps__ (有助于) you learn something about the rules of a language.2)Grammar books __help_____ (有助于) you learn something about the rules of a language.1、不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:1) Reading often __means__(意味着)learning .2) To read English aloud every morning _does__(do) you a lot of good.3) What he said __has__(have) been recorded .2、不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, no body, no one, nothing,等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
1) Neither of my sisters __likes_ (like) sports .2) Every boy and girl _shows_ (show) great interest in extra-curriculum activities .3) Everyone should obey the rules and anybody who __breaks_ (break) the rules will be punished.3、表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
1) One Thousand And One Nights __tells_(tell) people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .2) The United States __is_(be )leading the world in science and technology .3) The United Nations ___plays an important part_in the international affairs .联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
二、意义一致主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
1、当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。
1)Petroleum, along with fuel gas, _has__(have)recently risen in price.2)The teacher, with all his students, ___is_ (be)going to have a picnic this weekend.3)The students, together with their teacher , __are__ (be)going to have a picnic this weekend. 4)The warehouse, with all its stockings, ___was__ (be)burned last night.我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语:Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas.Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price.The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.Together with their teacher, the students are going to have a picnic this weekend.2、表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时,其意义若是指整体应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;1)Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.2)Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.3、当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
另外,当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:1) War and peace __is_(be) a constant theme in history.2) An Italian composer and singer _is_(be) coming to our school to give us a free performance. 3)Chinese and Japanese silk __are_(be) of good quality.4)All work and no play __makes_ (make) Jack a dull boy.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:iron and steel 钢铁 a needle and thread 针线going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起a knife and fork 刀叉 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣bread and butter 黄油面包 law and order 治安4、集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语强调集体中的成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数。
这类集体名词常见的有:army, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, team等等.例如:1)The family __are_(be) all fond of football.2)The family _is_(be) the tiniest cell of the society.5、what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容如果是复数意义时,谓语动词可用复数形式.1)What we want __is_(be) more time.2)What they need in that area __are__(be) doctors and nurses.3)What she left him ___are__ (be)some old photos.链接:such作主语时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单,复数.4)Such __are_(be) her wishes.5)Such ___is__(be) Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.6)Such who __have_(have)plenty of money __want_(want) more money.6、倒装句倒装句的谓语动词的单复数应根据主语而定.1)On the wall ___are__(be) several famous paintings.2)South of the city __is__(be) a large stadium三、就近原则1、谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。
常出现在这类句子中的连词有:, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等。
例如:1)Either I or they __are__(be) responsible for the result of the matter.2)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude __has__(have) caused me any distress.3)Not only he but also all his family __are__(be) keen on concerts.4)Neither his family nor he ___knows_(know)anything about it.2、由There, Here引起的句子,主语又不止一个,其谓语动词常和邻近的那个词保持一致。
1)There __is__ a knife and some apples here.2)Here __are__ some envelopes and paper.四、数词,量词作主语的主谓一致1、"more than one + 单数名词", “many a + 单数名词" 结构作主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词用单数形式.但"more +复数名词+than one"结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.1)More than one person __has__(have) known the news.2)More students than one __are_(be) for your proposal.3)Many a passenger __was__ (be) killed in the accident.4)Many a boy __has__ (have) been to the castle.2、"a + 单数名词+ or two"结构作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.但"one or two + 复数名词"结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.1)A word or two is missing here.2)One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening.3、a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。