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1.October Lake十月湖上Herbert Ernest Bates赫伯特·欧内斯特·贝慈The October leaves have fallen on the lake. On bright, calm days they lie in thousands on the now darkening water, mostly yellow flotillas of poplar, floating continuously down from great trees that themselves shake in the windless air with the sound of falling water, but on rainy days or after rain they seem to swim or be driven away, and nothing remains to break the surface except the last of the olive—yellow lily pads that in high summer covered every inch of water like emerald porcelain. The lilies have gone too, the yellow small—headed kind that in bud are like swimming snakes, and the great reeds are going, woven by wind and frost into untidy basket islands under which coot and moorhen skid for cover at the sound of strangers.十月时树叶已飘落湖上。
中英对照英国散文欣赏中英对照英国散文欣赏(一)（编者注：以下中英对照英国散文选段摘自杨自伍编的《英国散文名篇欣赏》，其中有些译文编者根据自己所好重新作了翻译，目的一是让年轻人知道有这么本好书，也许他们会自己找来阅读；二是让成天钻在英语考题中的初三至高三的同学们了解到：英语中原来还有这么美好的东西，远比他们的练习题和考卷有趣。
文章后面摘录的英语单词，只须按一下电子辞典就明白了。
）1. I went out in the afternoon. It was too early in the year fora heavy fallof leaves, but nevertheless the garden was covered. They were washed to the sides of the roads, and lay heaped up over the road-gratings, masses of gorgeous harmonies in red, brown, and yellow. The chestnuts andacorns dropped in showers, and the patter on the gravel was a little weird.The chestnut husks split wide open when they came to the ground,revealing the polished brown of the shy fruit.(nevertheless, gorgeous, harmony, weird, reveal, polish)这天下午我信步出门。
还不到一年中落叶纷飞的季节，花园却已被枯叶覆盖。
它们被雨水冲到路边，堆积在阴沟格栅上，红色的，褐色的，黄色的，一堆堆，一丛丛，既绚丽多彩，又和谐悦目。
橡实雨点般纷纷坠下，嗒嗒地拍打在鹅卵石上，给人一种神秘感。
优美散文阅读双语对照优美散文阅读双语对照英语散文以优美的语言美丽，给人以独特的阅读享受，是放松我们心情的阅读伴侣。
下面店铺为大家带来优美散文阅读双语对照，供大家阅读欣赏!优美散文阅读双语：友情永远和你同在Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776.Could it have been any other year? They worked together starting then to further American Revolution and later to shape the new scheme of government. From the work sprang a friendship perhaps incomparable in intimacy and the trustfulness of collaboration and induration. It lasted 50 years. It included pleasure and utility but over and above them, there were shared purpose, a common end and an enduring goodness on both sides. Four and a half months before he died, when he was ailing, debt-ridden, and worried about his impoverished family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words andMadison's reply remind us that friends are friends until death. They also remind us that sometimes a friendship has a bearing on things larger than the friendship itself, for has there ever been a friendship of greater public consequence than this one?托马斯-杰斐逊和詹姆斯-麦迪逊相识于1776年。
经典英汉双语散文经典英汉双语散文：飘忽的云I've opened the curtain of my east window here above the computer, and I sit now in a holy theater before a sky-blue stage. A little cloud above the neighbor's trees resembles Jimmy Durante's nose for a while, then becomes amorphous as it slips on north. Other clouds follow, big and little and tiny on their march toward whereness. Wisps of them lead or droop because there must always be leading and drooping.The trees seem to laugh at the clouds while yet reaching for them with swaying branches. Trees must think that they are real, rooted, somebody, and that perhaps the clouds are only tickled water which sometimes blocks their sun. But trees are clouds, too, of green leaves—clouds that only move a little. Trees grow and change and dissipate like their airborne cousins.And what am I but a cloud of thoughts and feelings and aspirations? Don't I put out tentative mists here and there? Don't I occasionally appear to other people as a ridiculous shape of thoughts without my intending to? Don't I drift toward the north when I feel the breezes of love and the warmth of compassion?If clouds are beings, and beings are clouds, are we not all well advised to drift, to feel the wind tucking us in here and plucking us out there? Are we such rock-hard bodily lumps as we imagine?Drift, let me. Sing to the sky, will I. One in many, are we. Let us breathe the breeze and find therein our roots in the spirit.拉开了房间东边电脑上方的窗帘，感觉自己仿佛身处一个神圣的剧场，天蓝的舞台展现在面前。
英语经典美文诵读通用关于经典英文美文朗诵优秀5篇英语美文朗诵欣赏篇一Occasionally, life can be undeniably, impossibly difficult. We are faced with challenges and events that can seem overwhelming, life-destroying to the point where it may be hard to decide whether to keep going. But you always have a choice. Jessica Heslop shares her powerful, inspiring journey from the worst times in her life to the new life she has created for herself: 生活有时候困难得难以置信，但又不容置疑。
我们面临的挑战与困境似乎无法抵御，试图毁灭我们生活，甚至使你犹疑是否继续走下去。
但是你总有选择的余地。
从人生低谷走向新生活的杰西卡·赫斯乐普，在这里与我们分享她启迪心灵、充满震撼力的生活之旅。
In 2017 I had the worst year of my life.2017年是我生活中最艰难的一年。
I worked in a finance job that I hated and I lived in a concrete jungle city with little greenery.I occupied my time with meaningless relationships and spent copious quantities of money on superficialities. I was searching for happiness and had no idea where to find it.我做着讨厌的财务工作，住在难寻绿色的高楼林立的城市。
经典散文50篇中英对照十年的等待__佚名中午时分，只见一个年约30岁，穿着笔挺西服的男人，心事重重地走进了这家飘散着浓浓咖啡香的小小咖啡厅。
“欢迎光临！”年轻的老板娘亲切地招呼着。
男人一面客气地微微点点头，一面走到吧台前的位子坐了下来，开口对老板娘说：“麻烦给我一杯摩卡，谢谢。
”“好的，请稍候。
”老板娘微笑着说。
接着便开始熟练地磨碎咖啡豆，煮起咖啡来。
男人一直带着笑容看着老板娘煮咖啡的动作，似乎对这样的景象感到相当欢喜。
过了没多久，老板娘便将一杯香醇的咖啡端到男人的面前。
“请慢用！”“谢谢。
”男人将杯子拿到嘴边，浅浅地尝了一口。
“觉得我们这家店怎么样？”“很不错！气氛很好。
”“我自己也是很喜欢，所以虽然生意不好，我和我先生却还是舍不得把它关掉。
”“嗯……”男人好似有所同感地点了点头，又喝了一口咖啡。
两人沉默了一会儿，空荡荡的店里只剩下悠扬的爵士音乐。
这时男人忽然开了口，打破了这短暂的宁静。
“可以请教你一个问题吗？”“什么问题？”老板娘好奇地问。
“这该怎么说好呢？”男人抓着头，一副不知所措的样子。
“你可以先听我说个故事吗？”老板娘点点头，示意男人继续说下去。
“我以前有个很要好的女朋友，已经到了要论及婚嫁的地步。
我和她之间的感情发展得相当平凡，并不是什么经过大风大浪、轰轰烈烈般的爱情。
但我从第一眼看到她的时候，就知道她是我一直期待着的女孩。
更令我高兴的是她也回应了我的示爱，接受了我。
这一切顺利得让我整个人陶醉于幸福和喜悦之中，只不过……”“只不过发生了什么事吗？”老板娘打断了男人的话。
男人脸色沉了下来，略微停顿了一下后，开口说下去：“只不过我忘了幸福的背后，往往藏匿着最可怕的恶魔。
就在我们订婚前一个月的一个晚上，她……她却遭到歹徒的强暴……”“啊！”老板娘惊讶地叫出了声。
“都怪我！要是我那天坚持送她回去就好了！”男人用力地打着桌面，杯子中的咖啡因剧烈的震动而溢了出来，他的脸上充满了痛苦和自责。
“你要问我的该不会就是这个吧？”老板娘一面擦拭着溢出来的咖啡一面说。
第一部分汉译英1. 丑石(An Ugly Stone)2. 匆匆(Rush)3. 冬夜(Winter Night)4. 互助(Helping Each Other)5. 黄昏(Dusk)6. 盼头(Something to Lookl Forward to)7. 媲美(Beauty)8. 枪口(The Muzzles)9. 鸲鹆(The Story of a Myna)10. 铜镜(The Bronze Mirror)11. 学校(The College)12. 野草(Wild Grass)13. 种梨(Planting a Pear Tree)14. 哀互生(Mourning for Husheng)15. 落花生(The Peanut)16. 盲演员(A Blind Actor)17. “孺子马” (An”Obedient Horse”)18. 小麻雀(A Little Sparrow)19. 雄辩症(A Case of Eloquence)20. 大钱饺子(A Good-luck Dumpling)21. 荷塘月色(Moonlight over the Lotus Pond)22. 黄龙奇观(A View of Huangllong)23. 枯叶蝴蝶(Lappet Butterfies)24. 泡菜坛子(A pickle Pot)25. 田水哗啦(The Irrigation Water Came Gurgling)26. 我若为王(If I Be King)27. 西式幽默(Western Humour)28. 项脊轩志(Xiangjixuan)29. 夜间来客(A Night Visitor——A True Story about a ”Celebrity”Being Interviewed)30. 珍禽血雉(China‘s Native Pheasant)31. 常胜的歌手(A Singer Who Always Wins)32. 健忘的画眉(The Forgetful Song Thrush)33. 可爱的南京(Nanjing the Beloved City)34. 鲁迅先生记(In Memory of Mr.Lu Xun)35. 苗族龙船节(The Miao Drangon-Boat Festival)36. 秋天的怀念(Fond Memories of You)37. 献你一束花(A Bouquet of Flowers for you)38. 鸭巢围的夜(A Night at Mallard-Nest Village)39. 玫瑰色的月亮(The Rosy Moon)40. 内画壶《百子图》(Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside)41. 维护团结的人(A Man Upholding Unity)42. 我有一个志愿(I Have a Dream)43. 运动员的情操(Sp ortsmen‘s Values)44. 神话世界九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou,China‘s Fairyland)45. 生命的三分之一(One Third of Our Lifetime)46. 我可能是天津人(I Might Have Come from Tianjin)47. 五台名刹画沧桑(The famous Monastery Witnesses Vicissitudes)48. 爱梦想的羞怯女孩(A Shy Dreamer)49. 永久的憧憬和追求(My Lnging and yearning)50. 老人和他的三个儿子(The Old Man and his three sons)51. 乐山龙舟会多姿多彩(dragon-Boat Festival at Leshan)52. 撷自那片芳洲的清供(An Offering from his Sweet homeland)53. 三峡多奇景妙笔夺开工(The Scenic Three Gorges Captured )54. 初中国旅游可到哪些地方(Tips on Traveling to China the First Time)第二部分英译汉1. A Ball to Roll Around(滚球)2. A Boupquet for Miss Benson(送给卞老师的一束花)3. A Boy and His Father Become Partners(父子伙伴情)4. A Gift of Dreams(梦寐以求的礼物)5. A Hard Day in the Kitchen(厨房里的一场闹刷)6. A Nation of Hypochondriacs(一个疑病症患者的国度)7. Are Books an Endangered Species? (书籍是即将灭绝的物种吗?)8. A Sailor‘s Christmas Gift(一个海员的圣诞礼物)9. A Tale of Two Smut Merchants(两上淫秽照片商的故事)10. A Visit with the Folks(探访故亲)11. Canadian Eskimo Lithographs(加拿大爱斯基摩人的石版画)12. Divorce and Kids(离婚与孩子)13. Doug Heir(杜格·埃厄)14. Fame(声誉)15. Felicia‘s Journey(费利西娅的旅行)16. Genius Sacrificed for failure(为育庸才损英才)17. Glories of the Storm(辉煌壮丽的暴风雨)18. Han Suyin‘s China(韩素音笔下的中国)19. Hate(仇恨)20. How Should One Read a Book? (怎样读书?)21. In Praie of the Humble Comma(小小逗号赞)22. Integrity——From A Mother in Mannville(正直)23. In the Pursuit of a Haunting and Timeless Truth(追寻一段永世难忘的史实)24. Killer on Wings is Under Threat(飞翔的杀手正受到威胁)25. Life in a Violin Case(琴匣子中的生趣)26. Love Is Not like Merchandise(爱情不是商品)27. Luck(好运气)28. Mayhew(生活的道路)29. My Averae Uncle(艾默大叔——一个普普通通的人)30. My Father‘s Music(我父亲的音乐)31. My Mother‘s Gift (母亲的礼物)32. New Light Buld Offers Energy Efficiency(新型灯泡提高能效)33. Of Studies(谈读书)34. On Leadership(论领导)35. On Cottages in General(农舍概述)36. Over the Hill(开小差)37. Promise of Bluebirds(蓝知更鸟的希望)38. Stories on a Headboard(床头板上故事多)39. Sunday(星期天)40. The Blanket(一条毛毯)41. The Colour of the Sky(天空的色彩)42. The date Father Didn‘t Keep(父亲失约)43. The Kiss(吻)44. The Letter(家书)45. The Little Boat That Sailed through Time(悠悠岁月小船情)46. The Living Seas(富有生命的海洋)47. The Roots of My Ambition(我的自强之源)48. The song of the River(河之歌)49. They Wanted Him Everywhere——Herbert von Karajan(1908-1989) (哪儿都要他)50. Three Great Puffy Rolls(三个又大双暄的面包圈)51. Trust(信任)52. Why measure Life in Hearbeats? (何必以心跳定生死？)53. Why the bones Break(骨折缘何而起)54. Why Women Live Longer than Men(为什么女人经男人活得长)丑石贾平凹我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢：它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样；谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的.谁也不去理会它。
2023年最新的英语经典散文欣赏50篇英语经典散文欣赏50篇Dear son...孩子The day that you see me old and I am already not， have patience and try to understand me哪天你看到我日渐老去，身体也渐渐不行，请耐着性子试着了解我If I get dirty when eating if I cannot dress have patience.如果我吃的脏兮兮，如果我不会穿衣服有耐性一点Remember the hours I spent teaching it to you.你记得我曾花多久时间教你这些事吗If， when I speak to you，I repeat the same things thousand and one times如果，当我一再重复述说Do not interrupt me listen to me同样的事情不要打断我，听我说 .When you were small， I had to read to you thousand and one times the same story until you get to sleep你小时候，我必须一遍又一遍的读着同样的故事，直到你静静睡着 ..When I do not want to have a shower，neither shame me nor scold me当我不想洗澡，不要羞辱我也不要责骂我Remember when I had to chase you with thousand excuses Iinvented， in order that you wanted to bath你记得小时后我曾编出多少理由，只为了哄你洗澡 ..When you see my ignorance on new technologies give me thenecessary time and not look at me with your mocking smile当你看到我对新科技的无知，给我一点时间，不要挂着嘲弄的微笑看着我I taught you how to do so many things to eat good， to dress wellto confront life我曾教了你多少事情啊 .如何好好的吃，好好的穿如何面对你的生命When at some moment I lose the memory or the thread of our conversation如果交谈中我忽然失忆不知所云，let me have the necessary time to remember给我一点时间回想and if I cannot do it，如果我还是无能为力，do not become nervous请不要紧张 ..as the most important thing is not my conversation but surely to be with you and to have you listening to me对我而言重要的不是对话，而是能跟你在一起，和你的倾听 ..英语经典散文欣赏50篇The Pennsylvania-landscape was in severe wintry garb as our car sped westover the interstate Ul The season was wrong, butI couldn t get bluebirds outof my head.Only three weeks before, at Christmas, Dad had given me a nesting box he dmade: He had a special feeling for the brilliant creatures, and each spring heeagerly awaited their return. Now I wondered, willhe ever see one againIt was a heart attack. Dad s third.When I got to the hospital at 2 a.m., he was losing the fight. As the familyhovered at his bedside, he drifted in and out of consciousness.Once he looked up at.Mom sitting beside the bed holding his hand. Theywant me to let go, he said, :but I can t. I don t want to. Mom patted his arm. Just hold on to me, she murmured.The next morning the cardiologist met us in the waiting room. He s stillfighting, the doaor said. I ve never seen such strengthMy youngest brother was only five when Ileft home 30 years ago.Relation-ships between my brothers- and sisters had become -frayed because of dis-tance and commitments to our own families. But Dad needed his childrennow, so we stayed at the hospital. During the long vigil, we reminisced aboutour years at home.A miner, Dad had not had an easy life. He and Mom raised six kids at a timewhen coal miners eamed as little as 25 cents a ton, and he loaded nine tonsa day. Even now, I m sure we don t know most of the sacrifices they madefor us.I remembered Dad s hard hat, its carbide lamp showing a fine pall of coaldust. Dad s graygreen eyes seemed large and wise as an owl sin his black-ened face. They often sparkled with devilment when theymet yours inconversation. .Each evening he came home, eager to take up his crosscut saw or clawhammer. Dad could chock a piece of walnut on his lathe and deffly tum outa beautiful salad bowl for Mom. He could build a cherry fold-top desk withfine, dovetailed drawers as easily as he could fashion a fishing-line threaderout of an old ballpoint pen.Dad bought our plain, two-story house from the coal company and immedi~ately began to remodel it. Our house was the first on the hill to have anindoor bathroom and hot water. He spent one summer digging out the clay-filled foundation to install a coal furnace. We children no longer shivered inour bed-rooms on cold winter mornings.We loved to watch him work. When Dad needed something, we ran to getit. If we called it a thingamabob he would say, That s a nail set (thetool for sinking the head of a nail below the surface of the wood). It has aname. Use it. Dad carried a spirit of craftsmanship into every job and expeaed the samefrom all six children. Each job had its claim on your best efforts. And evertool had its name. Those were his principles, and we lived by them just aSDad did.His playful spirit would set us to giggling-like the time he was buildingfireplace in the back yard. He sent us to look for the stone-bender he needeto make the comer stones fit more evenly. Guess I ll have to bend theiamyself, he said when we retumed empty-handed. We saw the sparkle in.bijeyes, and knew we d been had.Sitting in the hospitalwaitting room, I thought back to an afteon in Dad sworkshop several years ago..He was retired by then, but he kept busy building beautiful furniture, now for his children s homes.A volunteer naturalist,I was eager to tell him about the help bluebirds needed.When the early settlers had cleared forests for farmland, I explained, blueLbirds flourished, nesting in fence-posts and orchard trees. But their habitatwas disappearing, and now the birds needed nesting boxesDad listened as-I spoke, his hands gently moving a finegrained sand-paperover a piece of oak. I asked him if he would like to build a box. He said hewould think about it.Several weeks later he invited me into his workshop. There, on his workbench,sat three well-crafted bluebird nesting boxes. Think the birds willlike themThe asked.As much as I do, I replied, hugging him. Dad put up the boxes, and thenext spring bluebirds nested in his yard. He was hooked.Dad became quite an expert on the species. Bluebirds, he would say, areharbingers of hope and triumph, renowned for family loyalty.A pair willhave two or three broods a year, the earlier young sometimes helping to feedthe later nestlings.The presence of his children must have boosted Dad s spirits afterhis attackbecause he grew stronger and left the hospital on Valentine s Day WhenI visited my parents at the end of March, Dad was confined to the downstairs.But I noticed that he paused longer and longer at the windows facing theback yard. I knew what he was hoping to see. And one day a bright flash ofcolor circled the nesting box closest to our house.Well, it s about time the rascals showed, don t you think Dad said.Sporting a resplendent blue head, back, wings and tail, a male bluebird sanghis courtship song so passionately that we dubbed him Caruso, after theItalian tenor. A female appeared, but rejected the nesting box. Caruso foundanother in the field below the yard. He circled the new box, singing feverishly.She remained aloof on a distant perch.Dad was walking more and more each day as the love story unfolded. Icould see strength coming back into his wiry frame.One day Caruso battled a rival for the female s attentions. Then she foughtan even more vehement battle with another female. Afterward she resumedher haughty. stance while he fervently continued with his rapturous repertoire.Suddenly one exquisite morning, when the sky mirrored Caruso scourtingraiment, she flew back to the box nearest the house and inspected itthoroughly. Caruso hovered nearby and sang blissfully as she finally acceptedhim.Shortly thereafter she proceeded to lay one egg a day until there were six.Caruso fluttered outside, defending the nest while she incubated.Dad was now well enough to go outside, but he still couldn t reach the back-yard. He asked us to check inside the nesting box once a day. When we dreturn, the questions came. Is she on the nest he asked. Have the eggshatched Did you see that showboat what s-his-name Caruso, Dad, I replied. He has a name, you know. Dad s sly grin re:flected the devilment that had returned to his eyes.When the eggs hatched, we marveled at the herculean efforts Caruso andhis mate expended to capture insects for their brood. Nestlings must be fedevery 20 minutes.Near the end of May, the fledglings left the nest. By then Dad was able towalk to the fields beyond and see what other bluebird news there might be.Mom and I would watch him from the kitchen window. He gave some-thing to those bluebirds, she said quietly one day. Now they ve given itback.蓝知更鸟的希望我们的汽车奔驰西行越过州界，宾夕法尼亚州一派严冬景象，时令不正常，可是我对蓝知更鸟一直不能忘怀。
英语美文朗诵短文带翻译短篇朗读欣赏通过朗读，不仅能提高我们的英语口语，还能提升我们自身的气质，今天店铺在这里为大家分享一些英语美文朗诵短文带翻译，欢迎大家阅读!英语美文朗诵短文带翻译精选The Goodness of life生命的美好Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful.Though life's goodness can at times be overshadowed, it is never outweighed.尽管有很多事让人忧虑，但相比而言，值得感激的事要多得多。
尽管生命的美好有时被蒙上阴影，但它却永远不会被埋没。
For every single act that is senselessly destructive, there are thousands more small, quiet actsof love, kindness and compassion. For every person who seeks to hurt, there are many, manymore who devote their lives to helping and to healing.相对于每一个无谓的破坏行为而言，都有更多数以千计更为微小的，包含着爱，友善和同情的举动静静地上演着。
相对于每一个试图伤害他人的人而言，都有更多的人致力于帮助他人，治愈他人的创伤。
There is goodness to life that cannot be denied.生命的美好不能否认。
In the most magnificent vistas and in the smallest details, look closely, for that goodness alwayscomes shining through.在最为壮观的前景和最为琐碎的细节中，请仔细观察，因为美好的事物总是散发着耀眼的光芒闪亮登场。
英语美文朗诵短文加翻译在美文美言盛行的当下,偶尔读读骂文,听听骂声,也许会少犯迷糊,不至于留下骂名。
下面是店铺带来的英语美文朗诵短文加翻译，欢迎阅读!英语美文朗诵短文加翻译精选f I Rest,I Rust如果我休息,我就会生锈The significant inscription(题词，铭文) found on an old key --"If I rest, I rust"-- would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest bit of idleness. Even the most industrious(勤勉的) person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his faculties to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust and, ultimately, cannot do the work required of them.在一把旧钥匙上发现了一则意义深远的铭文——如果我休息，我就会生锈。
对于那些懒散而烦恼的人来说，这将是至理名言。
甚至最为勤勉的人也以此作为警示：如果一个人有才能而不用，就像废弃钥匙上的铁一样，这些才能就会很快生锈，并最终无法完成安排给自己的工作。
Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture---every department of human endeavor.有些人想取得伟人所获得并保持的成就，他们就必须不断运用自身才能，以便开启知识的大门，即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种职业：科学，艺术，文学，农业等。
散文朗读--双语版 69篇双语版01篇Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced," he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Instituteof Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.双语版02篇American RevolutionThe American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.双语版03篇Types of SpeechStandard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, arefamiliar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.双语版04篇MuseumsFrom Boston to Los Angeles, from New York City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either planning, building, or wrapping up wholesale expansion programs. These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future.In New York City alone, six major institutions have spread up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so.The reasons for this confluence of activity are complex, but one factor is a consideration everywhere - space. With collectionsexpanding, with the needs and functions of museums changing, empty space has become a very precious commodity. Probably nowhere in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has needed additional space for decades and which received its last significant face lift ten years ago. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen its collections.Deaccessing - or selling off - works of art has taken on new importance because of the museum's space problems. And increasingly, curators have been forced to juggle gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sent to storage.Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however," the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years," according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's president.双语版05篇 A Rare Fossil RecordThe preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrencein the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen iseven preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.双语版06篇 The Nobel AcademyFor the last 82years, Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal. But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within. Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself. According to Ingmar Bjorksten ,the cultural editor for one of the country's two major newspapers, the prize continues to represent "what people call a very Swedish exercise: reflecting Swedish tastes."The Academy has defended itself against such charges of provincialism in its selection by asserting that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences. This may well be true, but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for the Academy's inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world.Regardless of concerns over the selection process, however, it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, and as an elusive goal that writers seek. If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompany it; not only is the cash prize itself considerable, but it also dramatically increases sales of an author's books.双语版07 The War between Britain and FranceIn the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, southAfrica ,the West Indies, and Latin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its antagonist’ goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe . this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain’s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties. Britain built coalitions (not dissimilar in concept to today’s NATO) guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonists were poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths; France was predominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships. Accordingly, France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria.All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory andstill protect itself and maintain order at home.French strategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain’ssuperior sea skills and technology because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology, and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces. Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal, Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.双语版08篇Evolution of SleepSleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among pray today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, whensleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in genera seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal’s vulnerability, the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.双语版09篇Modern American UniversitiesBefore the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of le cturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old,constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system,by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal wasto make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.18现代美国大学19世纪50年代以前美国有一些小的学院，大多数成立于殖民时期。
