EnvironmentalManagementPolicy

公司管理制度英文范本1. IntroductionThis Company Management Policy sets out the guidelines and principles for the effective management of the company, ensuring its operation is in alignment with its goals and objectives. It outlines the responsibilities of management, employees, and other stakeholders and provides a framework for decision-making and operational efficiency.2. Organizational StructureThe company's organizational structure defines the roles and responsibilities of each department and individual within the organization. It establishes a clear line of communication and authority, enabling efficient decision-making and task allocation. The organizational structure is regularly reviewed to ensure it remains relevant and effective in achieving the company's objectives.3. Employee Code of ConductEmployees are expected to adhere to a code of conduct that outlines the expected behavior and ethical standards within the organization. This includes respecting colleagues, customers, and other stakeholders, maintaining confidentiality of company information, and complying with all relevant laws and regulations. Any breaches of the code of conduct will be dealt with in accordance with the company's disciplinary policy.4. Human Resources ManagementThe human resources management policy outlines the procedures and practices for recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and career development within the organization. It ensures that employees are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their roles effectively and that their contributions are recognized and rewarded appropriately. The human resources management policy also includes guidelines for managing grievances, disputes, and disciplinary actions.5. Financial ManagementThe company's financial management policy sets out the principles for budgeting, accounting, and financial reporting within the organization. It ensures that financial resources are managed efficiently and transparently, with a focus on achieving the company's financial objectives. The financial management policy also includes guidelines for monitoring financial performance, managing cash flow, and complying with relevant financial regulations.6. Quality AssuranceThe quality assurance policy outlines the procedures and practices for ensuring the quality of products or services delivered by the company. It includes guidelines for product designand development, quality control, and customer feedback monitoring. The quality assurance policy focuses on continuous improvement and customer satisfaction, striving to meet or exceed industry standards and regulatory requirements.7. Health and SafetyThe health and safety policy sets out the company's commitment to providing a safe and healthy working environment for all employees. It includes guidelines for assessing and mitigating workplace hazards, providing training on health and safety procedures, and responding to accidents or emergencies. The health and safety policy aims to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses, promoting the well-being and productivity of employees.8. Environmental ManagementThe environmental management policy outlines the company's commitment to minimizing its environmental impact and promoting sustainability in its operations. It includes guidelines for monitoring and reducing energy consumption, waste generation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The environmental management policy also includes procedures for complying with environmental regulations and promoting eco-friendly practices within the organization.9. Information TechnologyThe information technology policy sets out the guidelines for managing the company's IT infrastructure, systems, and data. It includes procedures for ensuring the security and confidentiality of company information, preventing data breaches, and complying with data protection regulations. The information technology policy also includes guidelines for procuring and maintaining IT equipment and software, promoting efficiency and innovation within the organization.10. CommunicationThe communication policy outlines the principles for effective communication within the organization, ensuring that information is shared transparently and efficiently. It includes guidelines for internal communication channels, such as meetings, emails, and newsletters, as well as external communication with customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders. The communication policy aims to foster a culture of collaboration and openness, promoting mutual understanding and alignment towards the company's goals.11. Conflict ResolutionThe conflict resolution policy sets out the procedures for managing disputes and conflicts within the organization, ensuring that they are addressed promptly and fairly. It includes guidelines for raising and resolving grievances, mediating conflicts between employees, and escalating issues to management or HR when necessary. The conflict resolution policy aims to promote a positive work environment where differences are resolved constructively, enabling employees to focus on their work and contribute to the company's success.12. Compliance and EthicsThe compliance and ethics policy sets out the company's commitment to upholding high ethical standards and complying with all applicable laws and regulations. It includes guidelines for monitoring and enforcing compliance with legal requirements, such as anti-corruption laws, data protection regulations, and labor standards. The compliance and ethics policy also includes procedures for reporting violations or concerns, ensuring that ethical breaches are addressed promptly and appropriately.13. Training and DevelopmentThe training and development policy outlines the company's commitment to providing employees with opportunities for learning and growth. It includes guidelines for identifying training needs, developing training programs, and evaluating the effectiveness of training initiatives. The training and development policy aims to enhance employees' skills and knowledge, enabling them to perform their roles effectively and contribute to the company's success.14. Performance ManagementThe performance management policy sets out the procedures for evaluating employee performance, providing feedback, and setting performance goals. It includes guidelines for conducting performance reviews, identifying areas for improvement, and recognizing and rewarding outstanding performance. The performance management policy aims to align employee performance with the company's goals and objectives, ensuring that each individual contributes to the organization's success.15. ConclusionThis Company Management Policy provides a comprehensive framework for the effective management of the organization, setting out the guidelines and principles for decision-making, operational efficiency, and stakeholder relations. By adhering to the policies and procedures outlined in this document, the company aims to achieve its strategic objectives and foster a culture of excellence and integrity within the organization.。

关于环境的英语词汇干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gasesadverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况desertification 沙漠化sandstorm 沙尘暴air quality rating 空气质量评级visibility 能见度sand and dust weather 沙尘天气cold snap 寒潮stormy wind 暴风blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪ice rain 冻雨thunderstorm 雷暴hail/hailstone 冰雹frosty 霜冻cold spell 春寒期dry spell 干旱期drought-relief efforts 抗旱drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏drought region 干旱地区rain spell 雨季precipitation 降雨或降雪量fog 浓雾sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风waterspout 海上龙卷风Indian summer 秋老虎weather modification 人工影响天气artificial precipitation/rainfall enhancement 人工增雨artificial rainfall infiltration 人工降雨El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象forestation 植树造林arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区topsoil 表土层high temperature 高温less rainfall 少雨氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate matter 飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reafforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems 南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrost ecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas 适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plant species河口保护区Estuarine conservation areas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites愉猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological resources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulationDNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies 致畸剂Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources谈水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems河流流域开发River basin development河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resources conservation水资源开发Water resources development淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal water distribution systems 农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resources conservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政府Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographic distribution of resources 土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programmes自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment 环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmental management indicators环境质量指标Environmental quality indicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainable development indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economic issues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valued ecosystem components 经济管理手段Economic management instruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countries debt环境股票交易Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划Structural adjustment programs税收差别Tax differentiation可交易的许可证Tradeable permits人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlements management建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing quality standards工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urban development再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards for buildings 商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for building industry 城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities 汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面Socio-economic aspects of human settlements 生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status人类住区的环境方面Environmental aspects of human settlements 空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control of pests生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards 植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorous compounds 杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides 工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing。

简单的环境管理制度英文IntroductionEnvironmental management system (EMS) refers to the framework that a company or organization establishes to effectively manage its impact on the environment. An EMS helps an organization to identify, prioritize, and manage environmental risks, as well as improve its environmental performance. It encompasses a set of processes and practices designed to minimize harm to the environment and prevent pollution, while promoting sustainable practices and resource efficiency.PurposeThe purpose of an EMS is to integrate environmental considerations into the organization's day-to-day operations and decision-making processes. By implementing an EMS, the organization can achieve compliance with environmental regulations, reduce its environmental impact, and improve its overall environmental performance. It also helps to raise awareness and engage employees and stakeholders in environmental stewardship, thus contributing to a positive corporate image and social responsibility.Key Elements of an EMSAn effective EMS should include the following key elements:1. Environmental PolicyThe organization should establish a clear and concise environmental policy that reflects its commitment to environmental protection and sustainability. The policy should be communicated to all employees and stakeholders and should be regularly reviewed and updated to reflect changing environmental objectives and circumstances.2. PlanningThe organization should conduct a thorough assessment of its environmental impact and risks and define its environmental objectives and targets. Based on this assessment, the organization should develop a comprehensive plan that outlines the actions and measures necessary to achieve its environmental goals.3. ImplementationOnce the plan is developed, the organization should implement the necessary actions and measures to achieve its environmental objectives. This may include changes in processes, technology, and behavior, as well as training and awareness programs for employees.4. EvaluationThe organization should regularly monitor and measure its environmental performance to determine whether it is meeting its objectives and targets. This may involve collecting data,conducting audits, and reviewing the effectiveness of its environmental management practices.5. ImprovementBased on the evaluation results, the organization should identify opportunities for improvement and take corrective actions to address any deficiencies in its environmental management practices. Continuous improvement is a fundamental aspect of an EMS, as it ensures that the organization's environmental performance evolves over time.Environmental Management System StandardMany organizations choose to adhere to internationally recognized standards for environmental management, such as ISO 14001. These standards provide a framework for developing and implementing an EMS and are based on best practices and continuous improvement principles. By adhering to an EMS standard, an organization can demonstrate its commitment to environmental performance and compliance, as well as gain recognition and credibility in the marketplace.Roles and ResponsibilitiesThe success of an EMS relies on the active participation and commitment of all employees, as well as strong leadership and support from senior management. Employees at all levels should be aware of their roles and responsibilities in implementing the EMS and should be empowered to contribute to environmental objectives and targets. Senior management should provide the necessary resources and support to ensure the effective implementation and continuous improvement of the EMS.Training and AwarenessEffective communication, training, and awareness programs are essential for engaging employees and stakeholders in the organization's environmental objectives and targets. By raising awareness about environmental issues and the organization's EMS, the organization can foster a culture of environmental stewardship and promote the adoption of sustainable practices at all levels.Compliance and ReportingAn EMS should facilitate and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and requirements. The organization should establish processes for monitoring, reporting, and documenting its environmental performance, as well as for addressing any non-compliance issues or environmental incidents.Benefits of an EMSImplementing an EMS offers numerous benefits to an organization, including:- Reduced environmental impact and pollution- Compliance with environmental regulations- Improved resource efficiency and cost savings- Enhanced corporate reputation and stakeholder relationships- Increased employee engagement and satisfaction- Opportunities for innovation and improved competitivenessConclusionAn effective EMS is an essential tool for organizations seeking to minimize their environmental impact, meet regulatory requirements, and promote sustainable practices. By establishing an EMS and adhering to best practices, an organization can achieve significant environmental and operational benefits, as well as enhance its corporate image and social responsibility. Continuous improvement and stakeholder engagement are key components of a successful EMS, as they can drive positive environmental performance and contribute to a sustainable future.。

关于环境的英语词汇干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition 空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gasesadverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况desertification 沙漠化sandstorm 沙尘暴air quality rating 空气质量评级visibility 能见度sand and dust weather 沙尘天气cold snap 寒潮stormy wind 暴风blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪ice rain 冻雨thunderstorm 雷暴hail/hailstone 冰雹frosty 霜冻cold spell 春寒期dry spell 干旱期drought-relief efforts 抗旱drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏drought region 干旱地区rain spell 雨季precipitation 降雨或降雪量fog 浓雾sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风waterspout 海上龙卷风Indian summer 秋老虎weather modification 人工影响天气artificial precipitation/rainfallenhancement 人工增雨artificial rainfall infiltration 人工降雨El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象forestation 植树造林arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区topsoil 表土层high temperature 高温less rainfall 少雨氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulatematter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reafforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems 温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zoneecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrostecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversityand protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of geneticresources生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animalspecies濒危植物物种Endangered plantspecies河口保护区Estuarine conservationareas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites愉猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biologicalresources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues 农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulation DNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies致畸剂Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources谈水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems河流流域开发River basin development 河流Rivers 雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resourcesconservation水资源开发Water resourcesdevelopment淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal waterdistribution systems农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resourcesconservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政府Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographicdistribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programmes自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment 财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmentalmanagement indicators环境质量指标Environmental qualityindicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainabledevelopment indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economicissues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact onenvironment已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valuedecosystem components经济管理手段Economic managementinstruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countriesdebt环境股票交易Environmental stockexchange政府环境开支Governmentenvironmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation ofenvironmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with greenlabelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies ofresources结构调整计划Structural adjustmentprograms税收差别Tax differentiation可交易的许可证Tradeable permits人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlementsmanagement建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing qualitystandards工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urbandevelopment再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards forbuildings商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for buildingindustry城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres 装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems 电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels 城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面Socio-economic aspects of humansettlements生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhoodimprovement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status人类住区的环境方面Environmentalaspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control ofpests生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides 硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients 有机磷化物Organophosphorous compounds杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides 工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing。

4Context of the organization4.1Understanding the organization and its contextThe organization shall determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcome(s) of its environmental management system. Those issues include environmental conditions capable of affecting or being affected by the organization.4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties The organization shall determine:‐the interested parties that are relevant to the environmental management system;‐the relevant needs and expectations (i.e. requirements) of these interested parties;‐which of these needs and expectations become compliance obligations.4.3Determining the scope of the environmental management systemThe organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the environmental management system to establish its scope.When determining this scope, the organization shall consider:‐the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1;‐the compliance obligation referred to in 4.2;‐its organizational unit(s), function(s), and physical boundaries;‐its activities, products and services;‐its authority and ability to exercise control and influence.Once the scope is defined, activities, products and services that can have significant environmental aspects (see 6.1.2) shall be included within the scope of the environmental management system.The scope shall be maintained as documented information and be available to interested parties.4.4 Environmental management systemThe organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard, to ensure its environmental performance.The organization shall consider the knowledge of its context when establishing and maintaining the environmental management system. 4 组织环境4.1 理解组织及其环境组织应确定外部和内部那些与组织的宗旨、影响环境管理体系实现预期结果的能力的事项。

ISO 14001：2015中文版ISO FDIS :2015是环境管理体系的要求和使用指南。

它与FDIS :2015还包括一些术语的定义，如生命周期、风险、相关方、绩效和合规性责任。

生命周期是指从获取原材料或利用自然资源加工到废弃处理的连续相互关联的产品系统。

生命周期包括活动、产品和服务，可以包括采购的产品和服务，也可以包括产品废弃处理和运输服务，如设计、制造、运输、包装、最终使用和处置。

风险是指不确定性对目标的影响。

影响可以是对预期的偏离，积极或消极。

不确定性是指对事件、其后果或可能性的认识或了解方面的信息的缺乏或不完整的状态。

风险通常以潜在事件和后果，或他们的组合来描述。

风险通常以事件的后果（包括环境的变化）和发生可能。

相关方是指能影响某项决定或活动或被其影响的，或感知到自身将受其影响的个人或组织。

相关方可能包括关注或受组织环境绩效影响的个人或团体。

感知自身受影响指来自与已知组织。

相关方可能包括客户、团体、供应商、监管者、非政府组织、投资商、员工。

绩效是指可测量的结果。

绩效可以是定量的，也可以是定性的。

绩效可以涉及活动、过程、产品（包括服务）、体系或组织的管理。

合规性责任是组织必须或选择遵守的要求。

组织应制定并维护一份环境方针，以表明其对环境绩效的承诺。

环境方针应该与组织的宗旨和意图相一致，并应为相关方所了解和理解。

环境方针应该包括：遵守适用的法规和其他要求；实现持续改进的环境绩效；预防污染和减少环境影响；使用资源的可持续性；鼓励员工参与环境管理体系的实施和持续改进。

环境方针应该被明确地传达给所有员工，并应该被定期审查以确保其继续有效和适用。

6规划6.1行动计划组织应该制定和维护一份行动计划，以实现其环境管理体系目标和目标。

行动计划应该包括：确定环境管理体系目标和目标；确定实现这些目标和目标所需的行动；指定责任人和时间表；确定所需资源。

行动计划应该被定期审查和更新以确保其继续有效和适用。

6.2法规和其他要求组织应该确定并持续监测适用的法规和其他要求，并确保其环境管理体系符合这些要求。

规章制度的英语单词以下是规章制度的英语单词：1. Bylaws2. Regulations3. Policies4. Rules5. Procedures6. Protocol7. Code of Conduct8. Guidelines9. Charter10. Statutes11. Constitution12. Directives13. Standards14. Standing Orders15. Administrative Orders16. Edicts17. Proclamations18. Mandates19. Pronouncements20. Resolutions21. Orders22. Decrees23. Rulings24. Minute25. Legislation26. Code27. Acts28. Statutory Law29. Bylaws and Regulations30. Corporate Governance31. Board of Directors' Governance Policy32. Compliance Plan33. Handbook34. Employee Handbook35. Job Description36. Employee Policy Manual37. Employee Benefits Plan38. Employee Code of Conduct39. Employee Assistance Program40. Drug-Free Workplace Policy41. Confidentiality Agreement42. Business Ethics Code43. Competitive Bidding Policy44. Procurement Policy45. Purchasing Policy46. Vendor Code of Conduct47. Conflict of Interest Policy48. Whistleblower Policy49. Anti-Harassment Policy50. Anti-Bullying Policy51. Anti-Discrimination Policy52. Equal Employment Opportunity Policy53. Diversity and Inclusion Policy54. Social Media Policy55. Information Technology Policy56. Internet and Email Policy57. Electronic Communications Policy58. Information Security Policy59. Data Protection Policy60. Privacy Policy61. Records Retention Policy62. Environmental Policy63. Health and Safety Policy64. Emergency and Disaster Response Plan65. Risk Management Policy66. Insurance Policy67. Intellectual Property Policy68. Copyright Policy69. Trademark Policy70. Patent Policy71. Trade Secret Policy72. Open Door Policy73. Grievance Policy74. Disciplinary Action Policy75. Termination Policy76. Layoff Policy77. Reduction in Force Policy78. Severance Policy79. Vacation and Time Off Policy80. Sick Leave Policy81. Family and Medical Leave Policy82. Bereavement Policy83. Jury Duty Policy84. Military Leave Policy85. Parental Leave Policy86. Retirement Policy87. Employee Assistance Policy88. Substance Abuse Policy89. Smoking Policy91. Travel and Expense Policy92. Gift Policy93. Acceptance of Gifts Policy94. Ethics Policy95. Professional Conduct Policy96. Social Responsibility Policy97. Community Relations Policy98. Political Contributions Policy99. Lobbying Policy100. Charitable Contributions Policy 101. Sponsorship Policy102. Advertising Policy103. Sales and Marketing Policy 104. Quality Policy105. Customer Service Policy106. Product Safety Policy107. Environmental Sustainability Policy 108. Energy Conservation Policy 109. Recycling Policy110. Transportation Policy111. Diversity Policy112. Inclusion Policy113. Accessibility Policy114. Affirmative Action Policy115. Talent Management Policy116. Performance Management Policy 117. Training and Development Policy 118. Succession Planning Policy 119. Recruitment and Selection Policy 120. Retention Policy122. Transfer and Relocation Policy123. Compensation Policy124. Bonus and Incentive Policy125. Payroll Policy126. Pay Increase Policy127. Employee Stock Option Plan128. Employee Stock Purchase Plan129. Pension and Retirement Plan130. Health Insurance Policy131. Life Insurance Policy132. Disability Insurance Policy133. Workers Compensation Policy134. Unemployment Insurance Policy135. Social Security Policy136. Taxation Policy137. Government Contracting Policy138. Export Control Policy139. Import Policy140. Customs Policy141. Trade Compliance Policy142. Intellectual Property Rights Policy 143. Anti-Counterfeiting Policy144. Anti-Piracy Policy145. Anti-Money Laundering Policy146. Insider Trading Policy147. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Policy 148. Anti-Bribery Policy149. Export and Reexport Compliance Policy 150. Employment Eligibility Verification Policy.。

现在，各种类型的组织都越来越重视通过依照环境方针和目标控制其活动、产品或者服务对环境的影响，以实现并证实良好的环境表现(行为)。

这是由于有关的立法更趋严格，促进环境保护的经济政策和其他措施都在陆续出台，相关方对环境问题包括可持续发展的关注也在普遍增长。

许多组织已经推行了环境“评审”或者“审核”，以评定自身的环境表现(行为)。

但仅靠这种“评审”和“审核”本身，可能还不足以为一个组织提供保证，使之确信自己的环境表现(行为)不仅现在满足，并将持续满足法律与方针要求。

要使评审或者审核行之有效，须在一个结构化的管理体系内予以实施，并将其纳入全部管理活动的整体。

国际环境管理标准旨在为组织规定有效的环境管理体系要素，它们可与其他管理要求相结合，匡助组织实现环境目标与经济目标。

如同其他国际标准一样，这些标准不是用来创造非关税贸易壁垒，也不增加或者改变一个组织的法律责任。

本标准规定了对环境管理体系的要求，该体系拟合用于任何类型与规模的组织，并合用于各种地理、文化和社会条件。

其运行模式如图 1 所示。

体系的成功实施有赖于各个层次与职能，特殊是最高管理者的承诺。

这样一个体系可供组织据以建立一套程序，用来设立环境方针和目标，实现对它们的符合，并向外界进行展示这种符合性；同时这一体系还可用来评定程序的有效性。

本标准的总目的是支持环境保护和污染预防，协调它们与社会需求和经济需求的关系。

应当指出的是，其中许多要求是可以同时或者重复涉及的。

本规 X 提出了对组织的环境管理体系进行认证/注册和(或者)自我声明的要求，它和用来为组织实施或者改进环境管理体系提供普通性匡助的非认证性指南有重要差别。

环境管理包容了全方位的内涵，其中有些还具有战略性与竞争性含义。

一个组织可以通过展示对本标准的成功实施，使相关方确信它已建立了妥善的环境管理体系。

关于环境管理支持技术指南见其他标准。

本标准仅包含那些用于认证、注册和(或者)自我声明目的，可以进行客观审核的要求。