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湖南名校大联考2020届高三第三次模拟考试卷化学试题

湖南名校大联考2020届高三第三次模拟考试卷化学试题
湖南名校大联考2020届高三第三次模拟考试卷化学试题

湖南名校大联考2020届高三第三次模拟测试卷

化学

注意事项:

1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1

C 12

N 14

O 16

Na 23

S 32

Cl 35.5

K 39

一、选择题(每小题6分,共42分)

1.中国传统文化博大精深,明代方以智的《物理小识》中有关炼铁的记载:“煤则各处产之,臭者烧熔而闭之成石,再凿而入炉曰礁,可五日不灭火,煎矿煮石,殊为省力。”下列说法中正确的是A.《物理小识》中记载的是以焦炭作为还原剂的方法来炼铁B.文中说明以煤炭作为燃料被普遍使用,煤的主要成分为烃C.生铁是指含硫、磷、碳量低的铁合金

D.工业上可通过煤的干馏获得乙烯、丙烯等化工原料

2.咖啡酸具有止血功效,存在于多种中药中,其结构简式如下图,下列说法不正确的是

A .

咖啡酸可以发生取代、加成、氧化、酯化、加聚反应

B.1mol 咖啡酸最多能与5mol H 2反应

C.咖啡酸分子中所有原子可能共面

D.蜂胶的分子式为C 17H 16O 4,在一定条件下可水解生成咖啡酸和一种一元醇A ,则醇A 的分子式为C 8H 10O 3.苯乙酮常温下为无色晶体或浅黄色油状液体,是山楂、含羞草、紫丁香等香精的调合原料,并广泛用于皂用香精和烟草香精中,可由苯经下述反应制备:

+(CH 3CO)2O 3

AlCl ???→

+CH 3COOH

N A 代表阿伏加德罗常数的值。下列有关说法正确的是

A.气态苯乙酮的密度是气态乙酸密度的2倍

B.1mol苯所含的化学单键数目为12N A

C.0.5mol乙酸酐中含有的电子数目为27N A

D.1L2mol/LCH3COOH溶液与足量钠反应生成的气体分子数为N A

4.某科研团队研制出“TM﹣LiH(TM表示过渡金属)”双催化剂体系,显著提高了在温和条件下氮气和氢气

的效率,原理示意如下:

合成NH

3

下列分析不合理的是()

A.状态Ⅰ,吸收能量并有N≡N键发生断裂

B.合成NH3总反应的原子利用率是100%

C.“TM﹣LiH”能降低合成氨反应的△H

D.生成NH3:2LiNH+3H2═2LiH+2NH3

5.短周期主族元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大,X的原子半径是所有短周期主族元素中最大的,W 的核外电子数与X、Z的最外层电子数之和相等,Y的原子序数是Z的最外层电子数的2倍,由W、X、Y 三种元素形成的化合物M的结构如图所示。下列叙述正确的是()

A.元素非金属性强弱的顺序为W>Y>Z

B.Y单质的熔点高于X单质

C.W分别与X、Y、Z形成的二元化合物均只有一种

D.化合物M中W不都满足8电子稳定结构

6.在某种光电池中,当光照在表面涂有氯化银的银片上时,发生反应:AgCl(s)Ag(s)+Cl(AgCl)[Cl(AgCl)表示生成的氯原子吸附在氯化银表面],接着发生反应:Cl(AgCl)+e-=Cl-(aq)+AgCl(s)。如图为用该光电池电解尿素[CO(NH2)2]的碱性溶液制氢的装置示意图,下列叙述正确的是()

A.光电池工作时,Ag极为电流流出极,发生氧化反应

B.制氢装置溶液中K+移向A极

C.光电池工作时,Ag电极发生的反应为2Cl--2e-=Cl2↑

D.制氢装置工作时,A极的电极反应式为CO(NH2)2+8OH-?6e-=CO32-+6H2O+N2↑

7.常温下,分别向体积相同、浓度均为1mol/L的HA、HB两种酸溶液中不断加水稀释,酸溶液的pH与酸溶液浓度的对数(lgc)间的关系如图。下列对该过程相关分析正确的是

A.HB的电离常数(Ka)数量级为10-3

B.其钠盐的水解常数(K h)大小关系是:NaB>NaA

C.a、b两点溶液中,水的电离程度b

D.当lgc=-7时,两种酸溶液均有pH=7

二、非选择题(共43分)

8.无水三氯化铬(CrCl3)为紫色晶体,在工业上主要用作媒染剂和催化剂,某化学小组用Cr2O3和CCl4在高温下制备无水三氯化铬,部分实验装置如图所示。

已知:①CrCl3熔点为83℃,易潮解,易升华,易溶于水但不易水解,高温下易被氧气氧化;②Cr2O3和CCl4在高温下反应的产物为CrCl3和光气(COCl2)。请回答下列问题:

(1)装置A 是氮气制备装置,氮气的作用是____________。

(2)装置B 的作用为________。装置C 和装置E 的水槽中应分别盛有__________、____________。(3)装置D 中生成CrCl 3和光气(COCl 2)的化学方程式为_________。

(4)该实验装置有设计不合理的地方,请写出改进方法:_________(写一点即可)(5)产品中CrCl 3质量分数的测定:

(i )称取0.3000g 得到的CrCl 3样品溶于水并于250mL 容量瓶中定容。

(ii )取25.00mL 样品溶液于带塞的锥形瓶中,加热至沸腾后加入稍过量的Na 2O 2,稀释并加热煮沸,再加入过量的H 2SO 4酸化,将Cr 3+氧化为Cr 2O 72-;再加入过量的KI 固体,加塞摇匀,使铬完全以Cr 3+形式存在(iii )加入1mL 指示剂,用0.0250mol·L -1标准Na 2S 2O 3溶液滴定至终点,平行测定三次,平均消耗标准Na 2S 2O 3溶液21.00mL (已知2Na 2S 2O 3+I 2=Na 2S 4O 6+2NaI )

①ii 中加入稍过量的Na 2O 2后要加热煮沸,其主要原因是____________;加入KI 发生反应的离子方程式为________________

②滴定实验可选用的指示剂为____________产品中CrCl 3质量分数为_______%(结果保留两位有效数字)9.开发清洁能源是当今化工研究的一个热点问题。二甲醚(CH 3OCH 3)在未来可能替代柴油和液化气作为洁净液体燃料使用,工业上以CO 和H 2为原料生产CH 3OCH 3。工业制备二甲醚在催化反应室中(压力2.0~10.0Mpa ,温度230~280℃)进行下列反应:①CO (g )+2H 2(g )?CH 3OH (g )

ΔH 1=-99kJ ·mol ?1

②2CH 3OH (g )?CH 3OCH 3(g )+H 2O (g )ΔH 2=-23.5kJ ·mol ?1

③CO (g )+H 2O (g )?CO 2(g )+H 2(g )

ΔH 3=-41.2kJ ·mol ?1

(1)催化反应室中的总反应3CO (g )+3H 2(g )?CH 3OCH 3(g )+CO 2(g ),计算ΔH =_______。反应来自煤的气化。已知该反应的平衡常数表达式为K =22c(H )c(CO)

c(H O)

,每生成1mol H 2需要吸收131.3kJ 的热量。写出该反应

的热化学方程式____________。

(2)在该条件下,若反应①的起始浓度分别为:c (CO )=0.6mol ·L ?1,c (H 2)=1.4mol ·L ?1,8min 后达到平衡,CO 的转化率为50%,则8min 内H 2的平均反应速率为__________。

(3)在t ℃时,反应②的平衡常数为400,此温度下,在1L 的密闭容器中加入一定的甲醇,反应到某时刻测得各组分的物质的量浓度如下:物质CH 3OH CH 3OCH 3H 2O c (mol ·L ?1)

0.46

1.0

1.0

此时刻v 正___v 逆(填“>”“<”或“=”),平衡时c (CH 3OCH 3)的物质的量浓度是___。

(4)在(1)小题中催化反应室的总反应3CO (g )+3H 2(g )?CH 3OCH 3(g )+CO 2(g ),CO 的平衡转化率a (CO )与温度、压强的关系如图所示,图中X 代表___(填“温度”或“压强”),且L 1___L 2(填“>”“<”或“=”)。

(5)在催化剂的作用下同时进行三个反应,发现随着起始投料比

2n(H )

n(CO)

的改变,二甲醚和甲醇的产率(产物

中的碳原子占起始CO 中碳原子的百分率)呈现如图的变化趋势。试解释投料比大于1.0之后二甲醚产率和甲醇产率变化的原因:_____。

10.NiCl 2是化工合成中最重要的镍源,在实验室中模拟工业上以金属镍废料(含Fe 、Al 等杂质)为原料生产NiCl 2的工艺流程如下:

下表列出了相关金属离子生成氢氧化物沉淀的pH 氢氧化物Fe(OH)3Fe(OH)2Al(OH)3Ni(OH)2开始沉淀的pH 2.1 6.5 3.77.1沉淀完全的pH

3.3

9.7

4.7

9.2

(1)为了提高镍元素的浸出率,在“酸浸”时可采取的措施有__________(写一条即可)。

(2)加入H2O2时发生主要反应的离子方程式为__________。

(3)“调pH”时,控制溶液pH的范围为__________。

(4)“沉镍”过程中,若滤液A中c(Ni2+)=1.0mol/L,欲使100mL该滤液中的Ni2+沉淀完全[即溶液中c(Ni2+)≤1.0×10-5],则需用托盘天平称取Na2CO3固体的质量至少为_____g。(已知K sp(NiCO3)=6.5×10-6,忽略溶液体积的变化)

(5)流程中由溶液得到NiCl2·6H2O的实验操作步骤依次为______、过滤、洗涤、干燥。

三、选考题(共15分,请考生从以下题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分。)

11.Al、Ti、Co、Cr、Zn等元素形成的化合物在现代工业中有广泛的用途。回答下列问题:

(1)下列状态的铝中,电离最外层的一个电子所需能量最小的是_____(填标号)。

A.[Ne]3s1B.[Ne]3s2C.[Ne]3s23p1D.[Ne]3s13p2

(2)熔融AlCl3时可生成具有挥发性的二聚体Al2Cl6,二聚体Al2Cl6的结构式为_____;(标出配位键)其中Al的配位数为_________。

(3)与钛同周期的所有副族元素的基态原子中,最外层电子数与基态钛原子相同的元素有_____种。

(4)Co2+的价电子排布式_________。NH3分子与Co2+结合成配合物[Co(NH3)6]2+,与游离的氨分子相比,其键角∠HNH_____(填“较大”,“较小”或“相同”),解释原因_____。

(5)已知CrO5中铬元素为最高价态,画出其结构式:_____。

(6)阿伏加德罗常数的测定有多种方法,X射线衍射法就是其中的一种。通过对碲化锌晶体的X射线衍射图象分析,可以得出其晶胞如图1所示,图2是该晶胞沿z轴的投影图,请在图中圆球上涂“●”标明Zn 的位置_____。若晶体中Te呈立方面心最密堆积方式排列,Te的半径为a pm,晶体的密度为ρg/cm3,阿伏加德罗常数N A=_____mol-1(列计算式表达)。

12.有机物M是有机合成的重要中间体,制备M的一种合成路线如下(部分反应条件和试剂略去):

已知:①A的密度是相同条件下H2密度的38倍;其分子的核磁共振氢谱中有3组峰;

②(-NH2容易被氧化);

③R-CH2COOH

请回答下列问题:

(1)B的化学名称为______。A中官能团的电子式为______。

(2)C D的反应类型是______,I的结构简式为______。

(3)F G的化学方程式为______。

(4)M不可能发生的反应为______(填选项字母)。

a.加成反应

b.氧化反应

c.取代反应

d.消去反应

(5)请写出任意两种满足下列条件的E的同分异构体有______。

①能与FeCl3溶液发生显色反应②能与NaHCO3反应③含有-NH2

(6)参照上述合成路线,以为原料(无机试剂任选),设计制备

的合成路线:______。

2020年高三英语【名校、地市联考】精选仿真模拟卷01(试卷版)

2020年高三【名校、地市联考】精选仿真模拟卷01 英语 (考试时间:90分钟试卷满分:120分) 注意事项: 1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A(2019年东北三省三校高三第二次联合模拟) Moringa Farm Internship Program DA TE:5 May?30 November 2019 LOCATION: Jaipur India EVENT TYPE:Twining EVENT INDUSTRY/TOPIC: Clean Energy, Climate & Environment, Food & Agriculture and Quality/Process Managem Moringa (辣木), a kind of miracle tree, has come a long way today to become a symbol of the fight against growing nutrition deficiency (营养不足) across the globe. It is also a crop suited to the climatic conditions of the region, which is unusually rich in its nutrition content literally from top to bottom. Supporting learning: The Moringa Farm Internship Program is sort of like a live, interactive slideshow of agriculture making of Moringa from “Soil to Super food” that touches all the participant’s senses. The Program’s Objectives: The Moringa Farm Internship Program is devoted to enriching the knowledge and lives of young people by providing them with a unique educational experience on an organic Moringa Farm in rural Jaipur, India. Program participants can learn about conservation, maintenance (维护), care, and management of Moringa Farming by means of hands-on work experience with local Moringa Farm staff. Participants will be able to interact with Moringa specialists and educators, on all issues that may affect their operations. Experts will let you know management strategies and equipment operation up close on hand to answer your specific questions. 1

山东省2020届高三英语12月联考试题

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