句子成分练习题
时间：40分钟满分40分
1、指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There are a lot of banana trees on the island
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2、选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）
①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework . Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to A. give C. whom D. book
3、挑出下列句中的宾语（下划线，有几个找几个）（10分，10分钟）
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
4、挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）
①The old man was feeling very tired.
②Why is he worried about Jim
③The leaves have turned yellow.
④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
5、挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
②What is your given name
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
6、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
7、挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
8、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me
句子成分练习题（解析）
时间：40分钟满分40分
1、指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.老师带着两个学生走进教室。
walking 为谓语，采用现在进行时。
*his 为形容词型物主代词。is 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
②There are a lot of banana trees on the island岛上有很多香蕉树
there为形式主语，be为不及物动词作谓语，be后的名词为真正主语。banana trees 是主语,there are 是谓语,a lot of 是定语,修饰banana trees ,on the island 是介词短语作定语,同样修饰banana trees.
③The useful dictionary was （given）谓语被动by my mother 【last year】状语.这本有用的词典是我母亲去年给的。
④To do today's ‘homework’宾without the teacher's help（is）very {difficult.}表没有老师的帮助做今天的家庭作业是非常困难的。
2、选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）
①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall
我不喜欢墙上的画。
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.夏天来临时，他的日子越来越长。
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
*get 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
*第1个long 为形容词作表语。
*when 为连词，引导时间状语从句。
*comes 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
③Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library【this afternoon.】状语
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins主have谓porridge宾for their breakfast B. twins C. have D. breakfast
这对双胞胎早餐吃粥了吗
⑥Tom didn't do his homework . Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework汤姆昨天没有做家庭作业。
⑦（What I want to tell宾you）主从is this表. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
我们最好叫医生来。
⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to A. give C. whom D. book
助主谓宾
你把我的书给谁了
3、挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.你必须注意你的发音。
④How many new words did you learn last class
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
⑥The old ‘man’sitting at the gate ‘said ’he was ill.宾从
坐在门口的那个老人说他病了
⑦They made him宾monitor 宾补of the class.他们让他当班长。
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
穿过桥，你会在左边找到博物馆。
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.宾从
他们不知道“圣诞老人”到底是谁。
4、挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）
①The old man was ‘feeling’谓very tired.
助动adj.作表
②Why is he worried about Jim
谓主表
③The leaves have turned yellow. ④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.她是第一个知道这件事的人。
5、挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
①They use ‘Mr, Mrs’宾with the family name.②What is your given name
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid 【some people forgot to sweep the floor.】宾从
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.楼下的那个人正试图睡觉。
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!我在等另一只鞋的声音
6、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
她喜欢孩子们在阅览室看报看书。
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.他让她把那个男孩带出学校。
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.他们有时叫我莉莉。
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.我看见王先生上车了。
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
你刚才看到李明在操场上踢足球了吗
7、挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
状语（非从句）主谓李小姐胳膊下夹着药箱，匆匆走了。
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.原因状语从句
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, 宾从you must pay for it.
恐怕如果你把它弄丢了，你必须赔偿。
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
学生们跟着王叔叔去看另一台机器。
8、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）
①Please tell us间 a story直.
②My father bought a new bike直for me 间last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us间history直next term.
④Here is a it直to Tom间.
⑤Did he leave any message直for me间
答案
1、①teacher ②banana trees ③dictionary ④To do
2、①B② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧C⑨A⑩A
3、①homework. ②English. ③attention ④words ⑤to go swimming ⑥he was ill.⑦him monitor⑧bridge museum⑨it school. ⑩who"Father Christmas"really is
4、①tired.②worried ③yellow.④interested ⑤the first
5、①family②given③third ④some ⑤downstairs⑥of the other shoe!
6、①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on the bus ⑥playing football
7、①on her face. ②Every night ③when he was eleven.④too fast. ⑤With the medicine box under her arm ⑥because she loves books. ⑦if you’ve lost it ⑧to see the other machine.
8、①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语
④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语
高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：S V (主+谓) 二：S V P (主+系+表) 三：S V O (主+谓+宾) 四：S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五：S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一：S V(主+谓) 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S │V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好，sound nice/听起来不错，feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补） 除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一 排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短 木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich） 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. （2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如： We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语，并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.
句子成分及结构 一句子成分 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：除主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）之外还有表语（predicative）（同位语）。 1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.T o swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2. 改错 1)Do exercise everyday is good for your health. 2)All what he said isn’t true. 3)He came late made his teacher angry. 4)On the desk is two books. 2.谓语： 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. 考点1.在一般现在时中要注意动词第三人称单数 当主语是复数时（不止一个人），后面用动词原形。 当主语是一个人，并且不是I 和you，谓语要用第三人称单数，也就是在后面加-s,-es 1.We/You(你们)/They ____(go) to school every day. 2.T om and Mike ____(go) to school every day.
Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:
There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
英语句子成分导学案 什么是句子成分？ 句子成分有哪些？ 句子成分 一．主语(Subject) 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。位于系动词或谓语动词之前。 1.Gina is from Australia. 2.She often goes to the movies. 3.Three is enough.
4.Doing the work is hard for him. 5.To see is to believe. 6.The rich should help the poor. 主语在哪里？ 1. Tom didn't finish his homework. 2. She wants to be a doctor. 3. Taking a walk is good for your health. 4. To clean the window is your duty. 5. Six is a lucky number. 6. The young should respect the old. 二．谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，位于主语之后。一般由动词或动词短语充当谓语。 谓语 注：主谓要一致。 1.They are working in a field. 2.He looked after two boys.
3.They can speak English well. 4.I love China. 5.She has finished her task. 谓语在哪里？ 1. We study English. 2. He is singing a song. 3. We should help the disabled. 4. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 5. I want a ticket. 三. 宾语（object） 表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1.Can I ask some questions? 2.He is looking at the dog. 3.I bought a computer last week. 4.I like you. 宾语在哪里？ 1.I like China. 2.He hates you. 3.We need two. 4.We should help the old.
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻
第三部分理清常用句式 第一讲学会划分句子成分，为理清句式奠基句子不清、理解不明，一见长难句就发懵，皆因句子成分没划清。划分句子成分、拆分长难句是正确理解、应用复杂句式的必备手段，所以在学习句式之前，先给同学们补上欠缺的这一课。 句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。 一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台 在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。 The patient's family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语) Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语) It's obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语) 二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。谓语的构成如下：1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 The sun rises in the east. 2．复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；(2)由连系动词加表语构成。 They must have finished their tasks. Mr Chen is my English teacher.
英语句子成分分析大全 一个句子至少由两部分构成，即主语和谓语，它们是句子的主要成分。 句子的次要成分包括宾语（包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语）， 表语，定语（包括前置定语及后置定语），状 语，同位语（包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语）， 补语及呼语。 一.主语：是一句话的中心，整句话都谈它的情况。 如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. （时光飞逝。） 这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。 二.谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或者状态。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、不能作谓语。 且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。 如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs. （他喜欢唱歌。） 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语：表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如： I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。） 这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ，名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语： 有的动词能够接双宾语，直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书） He gave a book to me 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语， me 为间接宾语。 又如：My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语， me 为间接宾语。 四.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 系动词：看起来闻起来听起来感觉起来总是保持三变。 look smell sound feel be keep get seem turn become 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers，形容词 kind 作表语。 五.定语：是用来说明或限制名词的成分，可分为前置定语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。
因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态， 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语：表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如：I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。） 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ，名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语： 有的动词能够接双宾语，直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书） 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 又如：My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 四.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers，形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语：是用来说明或限制名词的成分，可分为前置定语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。 如：This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语，修饰sun. 又如：His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语，修饰work。 与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分，定语修饰名词，且起说明、限制作用。 如：The students study hard.(学生努力学习)
概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁”-----人 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”----物 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语----人或物 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语-----事《相当于语文中的短语：争取冠军是有可能的》 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor ’s job. 从句作主语------一件事（句子）《例：张三打人是不对的》 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.《some bottles of milk are in the box.》 ▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it 作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick ”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如： He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. 没有区别嘛 it 也是代表的一件事
初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二 简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语) 句子的基本成份分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。不会分析句子成份，高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。 一．句子的主要成份与次要成份 [讲解]句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。例如：The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring (主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语) Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语) [练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份 1.They are workers from China. （）( ) ( ) ( ) 2. The singer made himself known. （）( ) ( ) ( ) 3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me. （）( ) ( ) ( ) （）( ) ( ) 二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子 [讲解]主语是句子的主体，是谓语陈述或说明的对象。正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。例如： Deer are animals.(主语由名词deer来充当) Everything goes well.(主语由代词everything来充当) 99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99来充当) 以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。他们是：不定式、动名词等形式充当主语，动名词短语、不定式短语、介词短语充当主语以及充当主语从句充当主语。例如： To say is one thing and to do is another thing.(主语由不定式to say来充当) To host a party is not an easy thing.(主语由不定式短语to host a party来充当) Swimming does good to one’s health.(主语由动名词swimming来充当) Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.(主语由动名词短语Walking his pet dog every day来充当) What he said hurt me greatly.(主语由what he said这一主语从句来充当) [练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。 You, he and I are all senior school students.( ) Nothing is more important than EQ.( ) To learn a foreign language calls for patiences.( ) Being honest will pay.( ) Where his mother will go is a secret.( ) 三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词 [讲解]谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息，除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主被动形式外，谓语动词往往由下列词语中的两个或两个以上依序排列构成：情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词。例如： The bike went wrong again.(went 作谓语，系动词) Most of the my classmates work hard.（work作谓语，不及物动词） They told me his experiences in America.（told作谓语，及物动词） Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.(are making作谓语) We will stay at the school at the weekend.(will stay作谓语)
句子成分 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句） 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-fou r! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见系词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（吃）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如： The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练：指出下例句中主语的中心词。
第一讲句子成分 一、主语、谓语 温故——考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1．①Class ②begins at eight. 答案：①主语②谓语 2．①The_teachers ②are_having a meeting. 答案：①主语②谓语 3．At five o'clock, ①they ②left. 答案：①主语②谓语 4．①Put_up your hand if you ②have any questions. 答案：①谓语②谓语 5．①Smoking ②does harm to your health. 答案：①主语②谓语 6．There ①is ②a_pen on the desk. 答案：①谓语②主语 7．①Who ②teaches you maths, Xiao Hua? 答案：①主语②谓语 8．①This_story ②happened in London. 答案：①主语②谓语 9．①The_rich ②should_help the poor. 答案：①主语②谓语 10．This weekend, ①some_of_us ②are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers. 答案：①主语②谓语 知新——讲一讲 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。 1．主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语有时是动作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态)。例如：The students are listening to me carefully. 学生们在认真听我讲课。