Reading Test
ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET.
The test is divided as follows:
Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 13
Reading Passage 2 Questions 14 to 27
Reading Passage 3 Questions 28 to 40
Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions.
If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one. You can return to it later.
TIME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTES
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1-13.
with hydroponic watering systems and artificial lighting, and solar panels to
provide electricity. However, vertical farming is not without its challenges. One is
Questions 1-6
Reading Passage I has six sections, A-F.
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 doubts about the feasibility of the project
2 the idea of moving market gardens from the outskirts to inner-city areas
3 how the system would avoid current agricultural problems
4 a previous program that was not practical for widespread use
5 sources of financial assistance to the proposal
6 a method of dealing with waste matter
Questions 7-10
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.
Will need an extra area as large as 10 ...................................... to provide food Questions 11-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
11 How will the indoor farms get energy?
12 Besides the expense, what other challenge for indoor farms must be dealt with?
13 When does Luc Mougeout believe that Despommier's idea will become a reality?
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 14-27.
observations were not quite correct and so could not be used to predict the orbits of
the planets. Copernicus had assumed that the planets moved in a circular path around the Sun, but Kepler found that they did not: they moved in ellipses. He then developed his three laws of planetary motion, which gave a more exact method of estimating their orbits. The eccentric Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe had been appointed as the court astronomer to the Holy Roman Emperor and had made a large number of important observations that Kepler needed for his theories. However, although Kepler's three laws explained how the planets moved, they did not explain
was seen in telescopes, of another small, outer asteroid, Pluto (at first classified as a planet), by observing slight variations-in the orbit of Uranus.
Questions: 14-19
Look at the following statements (questions 14-19) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A-E.
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 An alteration in the design led to an improvement in a scientific instrument.
15 The planets took an egg-shaped route.
16 The science at the time did not accord with what was observed in the sky.
17 The planets revolved around a different object than was previously thought.
18 A revolutionary theory provided reasons for the manner in which the planets
traveled.
19 The use of a telescope provided evidence that amended what an earlier observer
had found.
B Nicolaus Copernicus
C Galileo Galilei
D Johannes Kepler
E Isaac Newton
Questions 20-23
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers m boxes 20-27 on your answer sheet.
20 Early observers used the term .......... to refer to features that appeared to be
motionless in the sky.
21 Objects that appeared to be mobile are now referred to
as ......................................
22 According to an early way of thinking, ....................................... was made by the
motion of celestial bodies.
23 Ptolemy believed that each planet moved within its
own ........................................
Questions 24-27
The diagrams show the basic differences between Lippershey's and Newton's designs for a telescope.
Label the diagrams below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 28-40.
invariably reflect the earliest known use of that word in the written language. The first use of the word in speech is always an unknown number of years previous to that.
To obtain answers to these questions, we need to know more about why language changes. If we understood the causes of change, we could begin to make predictions
The speakers are usually aware of the existence of linguistic differences (saying such things as I don't like the way those people talk), but unaware of any trend in their own speech related to their attitude.
Questions 28-34
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheet.
28 What do 'linguistic variables' do?
A They show how language is used differently by people.
B They prove that changes in languages are unpredictable.
C They record laws about how people should speak.
D They show which people introduce linguistic change.
29 What does the writer say is the relationship between changes in languages and in
dialects
A A minor change in a dialect will signal a major change in a language.
B Changes in languages are closely followed by changes in dialects.
C They begin rapidly then slow down.
D Neither of them happens suddenly.
30 When does the writer assert that a general language change can be recognised?
A when an item of vocabulary first comes into a language
B after a decade of usage in the language
C when the majority of people in a group have changed their way of
speaking
D only following the occurrence of the change
31 According to the writer, why may location influence language change?
A Those from warmer places are more creative.
B Different environments may affect people's bodies.
C People living in hills need different expressions from those in valleys.
D Altitude affects the speed of language change.
32 What has recent scientific research illustrated?
A Influential people can dictate new language patterns.
B Difficult relationships between groups slow down change in language.
C Social aspects of language are the main influence on change.
D Language change has multiple causes.
33 How does increased mobility seem to affect language change?
A It speeds up the rate at which new languages are learnt.
B Those who travel can struggle to adopt the new language.
C People's language changes when they leave other members of their
group.
D Dominant language traits are more easily transported.
34 Which aspect of language change is most often found?
A changes that the users themselves do not notice
B deliberate imitations to achieve status
C attempts by newcomers to improve pronunciation
D efforts to keep vocabulary up to date
Questions 35-40
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with-the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
35 Linguistic change occurs when a new pronunciation is adopted evenly.
36 Patterns in water are too even to be properly compared to patterns in language.
37 Historical dictionaries record the first spoken use of a new word,
38 In recent times, new vocabulary has primarily been introduced through the
electronic media.
39 Change can happen when new speakers of a language make mistakes.
40 An established language can be influenced by an introduced language.
雅思阅读模拟试题:音乐 Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shop and restaurants in the US. But it soon spread to other arts of the world. Now it is becoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to music. To begin with, “ muzak ” (音乐广播网) was intended simply to create a soothing (安慰) atmosphere. Recently, however, it’s become big business –thanks in part to recent research. Dr. Ronald Milliman, an American marketing expert, has shown that music can boost sales or increase factory production by as much as a third. But, it has to be light music. A fast one has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increase receipts by 38%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they like to buy. Yet, slow music isn’t always answered. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a15216492.html,liman found, for example, that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reduced overall sales. So restaurants owners might be well advised to play up-tempo music to keep the customers moving – unless of course, the resulting indigestion leads to complaints! ( )1. The reason why background music is so popular is that ______. A. it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it B. it can help to create a soothing atmosphere C. it can boost sales or increase factory production everywhere D. it can make customers eat their meals quickly ( )2. Background music means ________. A. light music that customers enjoy most B. fast music that makes people move fast C. slow music that can make customers enjoy their meals D. the music you are listening to while you are doing something ( )3. Restaurant owners complain about background music because ______. A. it results in indigestion B. it increases their sales C. it keeps customers moving D. it decreases their sales ( )4. The word “ up-tempo music” probably means_____. A.slow music B.fast music C.light music D.classical music
雅思听力模拟题3 This listening test contains 10 questions. You will hear three students in a study group working on a class assignment for their Economics class. Listen and choose A, B, C or D. 1) The students A. Are meeting each other for the first time B. Are friends C. Are from different classes D. Decided on groups themselves 2) Magda doesn’t like the idea of the business cycle because: A. It’s too difficult B. It hasn’t been covered in class C. Too many groups will want to choose it D. It’s not related to local events 3) They decide on employment because A. They have done a lot of work on it in class B. They can relate this topic to local events C. They think it will be popular with the other students D. They have recently lost their jobs 4) Stone’s Throw is a company which A. Makes inexpensive clothes B. Makes locally-made clothes C. Makes designer clothes D. Sells second-hand clothes
2019年雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1
2019年雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1 Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback. D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it
2019年雅思阅读模拟试题：流程图题(1) BAKELITE The birth of modern plastics In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named 'Bakelite,’was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry. The term 'plastic' comes from the Greek plassein, meaning 'to mould'. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are 'thermoplastic', which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are 'thermosetting'： like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic. The history of today's plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors—immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of 'luxury' materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory.
雅思听力地图题答题攻略 雅思听力地图题题型一直是让很多同学感到比较棘手的题型，很多考生在这类题目上错误率非常高，今天给大家带来雅思听力地图题答题攻略，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 【听力答题方法】雅思听力地图题答题攻略 考试中如遇到地图题，先不要着急看题目，先把主要精力放在分析地图上，看图时主要遵循以下几个具体步骤： 1、快速浏览地图以外的相关信息，比如图例或说明文字。 2、关注图中两点最重要的信息：指向标和起始点。如有图中有非常明确的箭头构成的指向标，那么一般来说在听力录音中会听到东西南北的概念，如图中没有指向标，则一般会出现左右的概念。当然这并不是绝对的，只是考生要形成这种意识。起始点在图中一般比较明显，比如gate,door,entrance,或rearentrance(后门),如果图中没有给出明确的起始点，在听录音时先确定起始点，说话人也是肯定会先给出起始点的。 3、看图中街道和建筑。不要无规律的看，可以按照从左到右或从上而下的顺序，尽量多的记住每个建筑的名称，它们之间
的相互的方位关系，尤其是需要去进行选择或填空的建筑的位置，最好事先明确一下它的方位。 4、看题目。如果是选择式的地图题，这时候比较重要的一个步骤是利用发音规则判断一下所给出题目的发音，因为只有在原文中听到这个发音才能快速的跟上节奏并定位。如果是填空式的地图题，注意快速记录并准确拼写。 5、听录音。听录音时最重要的一点是要以说话人的前进方向为准，在图中划出说话人的行走路线，如果不太好把握整个行走路线的话，那就重点关注一些表示位置关系的方位词，比如next to,opposite,behind,in the corner of,on the other end,有时直接依据这些方位词就可以判断。 其实雅思听力地图题是非常生活化的题目，除了考查实际的语言运用水平以外，最重要的是考查考生的生存和生活能力，做这类题目的要求首先是要有比较强的方向感，前后左右、东西南北的概念要比较清晰，然后再开始具体的解题步骤。希望大家不要有畏惧心理，多加练习，再难的题型也一定能够攻克。 浅析雅思听力与其他听力考试区别 与我国目前影响较大的其他几种听力考试相比，如托福考试，四级和六级考试，雅思口语与其他听力考试区别还是很大，可以说是"前无古人"的，(但是"后有来者"，因为很多新兴的英语
雅思考试全题模拟试题(1) Listening TIME ALLOWED: 30 minutes NUMBER OF QUESTION: 40 Instruction You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check you work. All the recordings will be played ONCE only. The test is in four sections. Write your answers in the listening question booklet. At the end of the test you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet. Now turn to Section 1 on page 2. SECTION 1 Question1-9 Question 1-6 Listen to conversation between friend and the housing officer and complete the list below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS for each answer. HOUSING LIST HOUSING LIST Address Number of rooms Price per week Additional information Mr. J Devenport 82Salisbury Road Brighton BN 16 3 AN Tel 01273 884673 2 bedrooms sitting room kit. bath Example ￡120 Unfurnished Mrs E.S. Jarvis2Wicken Street Brighton BN 15 4JH Tel 01273 771621 (1) sitting room kit.bath (2) First floor Mrs. E.C. Sparshott 180Silwood Road Brighton BN 14 9RY Tel (3) 2 large rm/s shared kit and bath ￡35 Nice area (4) Mr A Nasiry 164 Preston Road Brighton BN5 7RT Tel 01273 703865 large bedroom sitting room with kitchenette.bath. (5) Ground floor Central (6) 2 harrow Road Brighton BN9 9HK Tel 01273 745621 2 large rooms kit bath ￡86 No pets Questions 7-9 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer 7.When is the accommodation available? 8.Where is the telephone? 9.How is the flat heated? SECTION 2 Questions 10-20
雅思阅读模拟试题精选
雅思阅读模拟试题精选 1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike —vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA. 2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today. 3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the
雅思听力相见恨晚的听力地图题技 巧 地图类听力题是不少烤鸭的死穴，有的同学在六个空里可能会错到四个及以上，给其他板块拖了后腿。下面就和大家分享雅思听力多做题就够吗，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思听力相见恨晚的听力地图题技巧 一、准备期 1、在题型相关书籍中积累一些地图类听力题中常见的方位表达，整理出其中你不会的那些，然后利用OG听力中的地图题例题来看看它们的使用，争取全部背住。 2、进行模拟训练，多用些笔记，即使是题目中没有考到的方位信息最好也记录下来。如果你一遍下来还不能靠自己画出完整的路线来，那就再做一次。 3、盲画地图练习。有时候题干里给出的地图可能会让大家走捷径，那么你就老老实实地进行盲目画画：哪里要走哪里有墙，作为一种巩固训练其实还是很有乐趣的。虽然地图题复习起来上手难度大，但是只要发力够猛，短期内突破也是很容易的。 二、考试中
1、充分读题，知道这道题目是在什么样的情境中。有时间的话在图中把题项的坐标写出来，以便在听到相应的方位词被说出的时候，能很快的反应过来。 2、勤做标记，如果图中有一些关键的街道或者地点，最好把它们的名称高亮一下，以便听到时能记住它们的所在方位;如果地图中有题目中的关键词，也可以适当圈划。不过一定要根据题目判断出有限的关键词，否则乱划一气很容易搞混题目中的地点在图中所对应的字母位置。 3、一定要始终保持精神高度集中，特别是第一个空之前的介绍部分。因为地图题需要时刻跟住演讲者的步伐，一旦有一间房间搞错了，后面可能都要错上加错，还找不出原因——这是它区别于其他题型最困难的地方。 雅思听力高分技巧：关键词+连读 对于一些英文基础很好的同学来说，雅思听力不需太多复习即可考到7分以上。但挑战高分，想要提高时就遇到许多问题，比如感觉听懂题目做不对，感觉听到了信息又没有非常清晰。这种情况下，建议这部分同学从关键词和听力连读的来把握。 题目做不对，就要先解决雅思听力连读问题。这个需要考生们有意识在进行雅思听力练习的时候,2个单词之间失去爆破时
告诉你听写在雅思听力提高到7分中发挥的作用 对于很多想要出国去一个好大学读书深造的学生们来说，雅思的要求一般都是在7分或者7分以上，那么想要达到雅思总分7分以上，一定不能有特别薄弱的科目，听说读写任何一门的分数最低也要达到6分。从多年的雅思专业培训中总结出很多中国的雅思考生，大部分是口语和写作比较薄弱，很难突破7分，我们经过多年的沉淀总结出了一套独特的教学方法，技巧课和训练课相结合并有每周一次的外教模拟考试，让你的口语和听力再无后顾之忧。 在口语和写作保证了一个比较理想的分数后，听力和阅读也不能落下。不能好不容易在口语和写作上成绩稳定以后，在中国学生比较擅长的科目听力和阅读上又出现问题。那么今天我们就来告诉大家如何将自己的听力水平稳固在7分以上，保持中国学生比较擅长的传统科目的优势。 今天给大家介绍的方法就是-听写。 相信很多烤鸭都做过雅思剑桥4-9系列的备考资料，里面的听力题大家应该也都做过很多遍了。那么到底有多少同学能够做到精听精解呢，很多同学都是将录音听过一遍，做完题对过答案之后就将听力资料扔到一边了，这样做是非常浪费的，并且听力的练习也只是蜻蜓点水，并不能达到深入的系统的听力练习的效果。所以，为了在自己的大脑里适应英语的语言环境，做到听力的深入理解，建议广大考生可以采取听写的方法来强化自己的听力水平。 听写的方法建议： 1.听写练习初期 建议大家听写先听写每个剑桥test听力部分的section one和section two，因为听力的第一部分和第二部分往往是比较简单的内容，所以学生从这两部分开始练习听写比较容易建立自信，并且能
够很快适应听写的这种学习模式。听写的节奏，建议大家可以放慢一点，对于比较简短的句子，可以每听一句就按下暂停键，将听到的英文句子写下。对于比较长的句子，可以一个句子暂停两次，停顿两次后写出完整的句子。特别提醒大家的是不要听到不会的单词就去看后面的听力原文，而是先空着，然后听完后根据上下文的意思来猜想这个单词，如果真的是在猜不出来，在整个section的内容听完以后再去看听力的原文，最后将含有这个生单词的句子再反复听几遍。 2.听写练习中期 到了听写练习的中期，可以尝试听写每个剑桥test听力部分的section three和section four,每个听力练习的后两个听力部分内容的专业性会增加，并且语速也适当的会加快，但是鉴于大家已经经过了雅思听力练习的初级阶段，已经渐渐适应了这种练习的模式，所以section3和section4的听写在经过一定的时间练习之后也是能够做到的。听写的节奏，建议仍然是听完一句后暂停，然后快速将听到的句子写出，或者遇到比较简短的句子，可以每听2两句暂停一次，将句子写出来。 3.听写练习的后期 在经过了雅思听力test one到test four系统完整的听写练习之后，这个时候相信你在回去做雅思听力的练习题，就会发现这个时候你的听力练习的正确率已经稳定在一个很高的水平了。这个时候，大家一定不能有所松懈，仍要保持每天至少听写一个section的节奏，保持这种好不容易培养出来的英语听力的语感。 在雅思寒假的针对性课堂，我们还会介绍各种各样类似的英语学习方法来帮助你提高雅思听说读写各个方面的水平。这些学习方法都是经过数十位雅思名师从数年的教学经验中潜心总结出来的。在雅
Academic Reading ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET. The test is divided as follows: Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 13 Reading Passage 2 Questions 14 to 27 Reading Passage 3 Questions 28 to 40 Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one. You can return to it later. TLME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTES NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40
Read ing Passage 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Questio ns 1-5 Read ing Passage 1 has seve n paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of headings below. Write the correct nu mber (i-x) in boxes 1-5 on your an swer sheet. Example Paragraph A An swer iv 1 Paragraph B 2 Paragraph C 3 Paragraph D 4 Paragraph E Example Paragraph F An swer ii 5 Paragraph G
2019年雅思听力考试特别训练模拟试题及答案三 SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Question 1-5 Compete the form below White only ONE WORD or NUMBER, or TICK (√ ) for each answer. Housing officer name John Family name Cartier Given name Susan Marie Nationality (1)_________________ Student number (2)_________________ Contact number (3)_________________ Mobile phone None
Shared Accommodation (4) Yes ( ) No ( ) Maximum rent (5)________ pounds per month 个人信息表格注意事项 1,信息修正(听写)标记：否定/转折/改 2,速度陷阱：速度练习/预测 Question 6-10 Complete the sentences with no more than THREE WORDS. 6. A bedsitter is a single room with __________ facilities. 7. Susan has to pay _________ , electricity and water by herself. 8. Most landlords want _________ in advance. 9. Susan must read the contract carefully, especially _______. 10. Susan is going to meet her friends _________. 答案： 1. Canadian 2. CA04628 3. 65349087 4. No
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief， continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia)， but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade， briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag， 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007， though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years，European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992， the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997， the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution，laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted， not immobilised， by this setback. D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty —the Treaty of Rome， its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously， restating their commitment to “ever closer union”and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself， and in normal circumstances，the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless， a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional
Chapter One 1.1听力考试内容 雅思听力考试一共分为四部分（four sections），第一部分和第二部分，主要测试考生在英语国家的生存场景(survival situation)中所需要的语言技能，解题的重点在于理解事实性信息。第三部分和第四部分，主要涉及考生在英语国家接受培训和课程学习时所遇到的学术场景(academic situation)，解题重点在于辨别主要观点，理解学术性主题和讨论内容，抓住细节信息。每个部分都有10个小题，总共40个小题。总结如下： 1.2听力考试时间 听力考试时间共40分钟，其中30分钟放录音，最后10分钟把答案誊到答题卡上。每部分只播放一遍，考生必须边听边写，各部分录音开始前考生有30秒时间阅读题目，各部分录音结束后，考生有30秒检查答案。 1.3听力考试题型 题型总的来说可分为两大类：选择题和填空题。 选择题包括：三选一、多选题、配对题、分类题等。这类题，在没有听清信息的情况下，考生也可以猜测答案，因为雅思没有采取倒扣分制，即使答案错了也不会影响分数。 填空题包括：图表题、笔记填空、句子填空、摘要填空、简答题。这种题要求考生准确听出录音中的信息，否则无法猜测出答案。而雅思考试最大的特点是要求考生自己填出信息的题至少有30道，最多的一次考试出了39个填空，所以考生的拼写就显得很重要。
Complete the table below.
1.4考试题目要求 雅思听力考试对答案一般都有字数限制，如write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD/TWO WORDS,或CHOOSE TWO LETTERS等。最基本的有如下三种 注意：
雅思考试阅读模仿试题(含答案) 1 There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years—exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core. 2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax，Virginia，modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view，the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However，Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible. 3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In ，Grandpierre and a collaborator，Gábor ágoston,calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature. 4 Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out，some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.
雅思阅读模拟试题：钱币 In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose. At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready. Thus the