【英美报刊每周一练第一期】快速阅读：Digital gadgets are changing our brains.
Digital gadgets are changing our brains.
Historians of the future may note that around the time of the Facebook IPO a critical juncture was reached in the relationship between technology and the human race. No longer were the wired-up people on planet Earth controlling the devices that ingenious, wizardlike engineers invented to serve and connect them. Instead, the ultrasmart new devices were controlling and enslaving them—us—and doing so at frightening, ever-accelerating speed.
You know it’s true anecdotally from the signs all around us—the glazed longing that creeps into eyes as a phone vibrates from a pocket or bag, the instantly lowered heads in an elevator as soon as the doors close and messages are scanned, the teenager asleep with a glowing phone on the pillow, the frantic effort on the plane to maintain surreptitious connection for the last few minutes after the voice has told us to turn off all handheld devices. It’s like having an ever-present, adulterous, inexhaustibly demanding affair, a secret counterexistence that no matter how fast we run always outpaces reality. “We may appear to be choosing to use this technology,” Tony Dokoupil writes on page 28, “but in fact we are being dragged to it by the potential of short-term rewards. Every ping could be social, sexual, or professional opportunity, and we get a mini-reward, a squirt of dopamine, for answering the bell.”
In his international survey for Newsweek of a variety of academic research in neuroscience, psychiatry, and psychology, Dokoupil identifies disquieting global trends in mental health associated with Internet penetration. In the U.S. in the past decade, there has been a 66 percent rise in ADHD diagnoses. Arguments may be made about cause and effect, but there’s now no doubt that the brain is changing. A Chinese study of Internet addicts has mapped changes in the areas charged with attention, control, and executive function signified by “abnormal white matter”—essentially extra nerve cells built for speed. The changes turn out to be similar to those observed in the brains of junkies and alcoholics. And just as with other forms of addiction, experts say the crack high of continuous connection is associated with similar jagged, inevitable comedowns, depressive stretches, shattered concentration, a pervasive, indeterminate malaise. In South Korea, the government has deemed the mobile and videogame mania so unhealthy for young people, it’s funding treatments centers and coordinating a late-night shutdown. Next year for the first time, albeit in an appendix tagged for “further study,” the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders will include Internet Addiction Disorder. Do your memory cells retain the name of the creator of the notorious “Kony 2012” video a nd what happened to him? When the viral reaction to his post became overwhelming, Jason Russell raced out of his house in San Diego stark naked, ranting and raving until he could be hospitalized and unplugged. He qualified for a diagnosis of “reactive psychosis,” for victims whose brains literally cannot take it anymore.
Jason Russell had to find his own way to escape from the electronic bubble he had created. But sometimes an altered reality is not the fault of the Internet. Most of us have exulted at the prospect of democracy in the Middle East (rather than the Web
dystopia described by Dokoupil). We avidly follow the latest tweets from the Syrian rebels fighting Bashar al-Assad’s brutal regime. Yet as blood runs through the streets, it’s possible for the affluent to construct a seductive alternate world. Assad’s Alawite, Christian, and secular supporters are numerous and entrenched. The intrepid Janine di Giovanni writes for Newsweek about the chic elite of Damascus, who still waft among champagne receptions, concerts, and pool-side parties. She offers a riveting portrait of a cracking social strata dancing on the lip of the volcano, its orchestra at the opera house playing on, like Russian musicians during the German siege of Leningrad. She writes on page 34, “Syria, I realized, has become a schizophrenic place; a place where people’s realities no longer connect.”
1. In sentence "No longer were the wired-up people on planet Earth controlling the devices that ingenious, wizardlike engineers invented to serve and connect them." in the first paragraph, what does the word "them" refer to?
A) engineers
B) devices
C) people
D) historians
2. In which country,the government has deemed the mobile and videogame mania so unhealthy for young people, it’s funding treat ments centers and coordinating a late-night shutdown?
A) China
B) North Korea
C) U.S
D) South Korea
3.Jason Russell qualified for the diagnosis of “________,” for victims whose brains literally cannot take it anymore.
4.Translate the sentence with red color in the first paragraph.
No longer were the wired-up people on planet Earth controlling the devices that ingenious, wizardlike engineers invented to serve and connect them.
亲们，这是本周快速阅读题，原文出自“The Daily Beast” https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/newsweek/2012/07/08/tina-brown-life-at-warp-speed.h tml。
请把自己的答案与解析跟帖，也希望大家互相指正错误，我先占楼咯！
1.
答案：C people
详解：请参考第四题的解析。
2.
答案：D South Korea
详解：细节题。文章第三段中可以找到答案。做这种题时，先看题目问的是什么，然后再读文章。像这种关于地点，人物等易混淆题，一般都在快速阅读文章中的举例长段中。
3.
答案：reactive psychosis
详解：细节题。问题中有人名Jason Russell，还有关键词diagnosis，有这两点就可以回到文章中直接扫答案！
4. No longer were the wired-up people on planet Earth controlling the devices that ingenious, wizardlike engineers invented to serve and connect them.
本句为no longer引导的部分倒装句。主语为the wired-up people on planet Earth，谓语为were controlling，宾语为the devices。that引导了定语从句，to serve and connect them表目的。them在这里指的是“people”。
wired-up是这句翻译的一个难点，由于没有找到对于这个词的权威解释，我参考了一些出现这个词的文章：The internet is no longer totally free, thanks partly to the dramatic rise in broadband subscriptions but mainly to the maturation of the medium. But getting the wired-up people of Britain to understand this change and, more importantly, pay for it is another matter. （https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/media/2003/aug/11/mondaymediasection10）
从这个句子中来看，the wired-up people就是指那些已经对免费网络有依赖性、痴迷的人，可以翻译为“网络控”。所以翻译第四题时，要综合语境。
整体翻译为：
在地球上的这些数字科技产品控们，再也不能掌控那些由天才怪才科学家们发明的用来服务人类，方便人类沟通的装置。
快速阅读中没有这种长句翻译题。但为了让大家提高阅读水平，我每期都会从文章中选出一句长难句，和大家一起来分析。
第4题翻译版本2
再也不是地球上被科技产品包围的人们来控制那些天才怪才科学家设计出的本来是用来服务人类，方便人类沟通的装置。
地球上这些被数码科技产品所围绕的人类再也不能掌控那些为人类提供服务与联系的设备了。而这些设备正是杰出聪明的工程师所发明的。
更多精彩,原创,最新资料请登录https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/forum-58-1.html。
本文选自CNN新闻https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/TRANSCRIPTS/1207/09/cnr.05.html
It's a dream. A lot of Americans retire at 65, start living a good life. But the recession has now put that further out of reach for a lot of us. Alicia Munnell, she's just finished a study that says if we wait until we're 70 years old to retire, we've got much better chance of having a good retirement. She is the director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.
And I have to say, professor, this is not the number we want to hear, 70, a little bit more time to work here.
How did you come up with this?
Well, I mean the goal was actually to make people comfortable with a notion of working longer. Most people said “I don't want to work until my 90s” and so we thought if we did a careful study showing how much longer it would have to be, it would seem manageable. So 70 is the age that will let people maintain the same standard of living they've had before they retired once they've stopped working.
We hear a lot from our retirement planners that you need pretty much a million bucks to retire. What do you think of that figure? How does that relate to stopping at 70 working until you're 70?
So we really don't think in terms of an absolute dollar amount, because if you think about it, low income people don't need a million dollars and high income people need a lot more than a million dollars. So we think in terms of what percent of your pre-retirement earnings do you need. And that number we usually work with is around 80 percent.
Eighty percent, OK. And the biggest retirement mistake that we make. Er, should we, what should we do? Should we take a lump sum from our employers or put it off?
I think the biggest mistake that people make is grabbing their social security benefits as soon as they become available at age 62. If people can work until age 70, their monthly benefit will be 75 percent higher than it is at 62. And that gives you just such a, much larger secure base on which to build, er, to support yourself.
If you were to stop working at 65 and retire at 65 instead of 70, would you be in danger of not living the way you're accustomed to?
Yes, our estimates show that approximately half of the households will not be able to maintain their standard of living if they retire at 65. So this moving from 65 to 70, er, brings that number up to 86, which we view close enough to the whole population. So if we could get the population as a whole to retire at 70, most people will be able to support themselves in retirement.
So bottom line, we just got to work a little bit longer now.
We do. And we understand that not everybody can do it. Some people have health issues; some people have spouses with health issues; some people's jobs are outdated. But for the great bulk of the population, working longer is really the way to have a secure retirement.
All right. We'll just keep working. Thank you, professor.
1. In Alicia Munnell's study, what's the best age for us to retire if we want to get much better chance of having a good retirement?
A) At the age of 65
B) At the age of 70
C) At the age of 62
D) At the age of 80
2. What should we think instead of "in terms of an absolute dollar amount" according to this passage?
A) in terms of what percent of your pre-retirement earnings do you need
B) in terms of the population
C) in terms of our job
D) in terms of the standard of living
3. What is the biggest mistake that people make about their retirement according to Alicia Munnell?
A) to retire at the age of 70
B) getting some advice from our retirement planners
C) to work a little longer
D) grabbing their social security benefits as soon as they become available at age 62. 答案与解析请看下面的回复帖。
1.B
推理题。文中第一段提到，Alicia Munnell的研究表明到70岁退休才能有更好的机会来颐养天年。
2.A
细节题。第六段中提到我们应该要以自己的角度来考虑自己需要的退休收入百分比terms of what percent of your pre-retirement earnings do you need。
3.D
细节题。第八段第一句为本题答案。
以下是本文的翻译。
这是很多人的一个梦想。很多美国人梦想在65岁退休,之后开始过上美好生活。
但经济衰退现在让我们中的很多人离这一目标又更远了一步。艾丽西亚?穆奈尔刚刚完成了一份研究报告，这份报告称如果我们等到自己70岁再退休,那就会有更好的机会以养天年。她是波士顿学院退休研究中心的负责人，让我们来听一听她的见解。
我不得不说,教授,这不是我们想要听到的数字,70岁,更长一点时间来工作。你是怎么想出这个的?
嗯,我的意思这个目标实际上是让人们工作更长时间的一种合适的概念。大多数人表示“我不想工作到自己90岁高龄”,所以我们觉得要仔细研究这个时间长度,而它似乎是可以管理的。所以70岁是人们一旦停止工作让自己在退休之前保持同样的生活水平的最恰当年龄。
我们从退休计划者当中听到了很多，你需要几乎一百万美元才能退休。你怎么看这个数字的?这涉及到直到你70岁才停止工作吗?
所以我们真的不考虑一个绝对的金额,因为如果你仔细想想,低收入的人群不需要一百万美元,而高收入人群肯定需要超过一百万美元。所以要以你的角度来考虑自己需要的退休收入百分比。而且这个数字我们通常使用是80%左右。80%,好。我们犯的最大的退休错误,呃,是我们应该,我们应该做些什么呢?我们应该采取一次性从我们的雇主手中拿走还是将其延后呢?
我认为人们犯的最大错误是一旦他们在62岁可行时便掌控了社会保障福利。如果人们可以工作到70岁,他们每月的福利就会比在62岁时高出75%。那会给你们就一种更大的安全的基础来构建,呃,来支持自己。
如果你不工作,在65岁退休而非70岁年龄,那将不是你所习惯的生活方式吗?
是的,我们的评估表明如果人们在65岁退休，大约有一半的家庭将无法维持他们现在的生活标准。所以从65岁到70岁,呃,这个数字高达86,我们认为足够接近整个人口。所以如果我们能使总体人口在70岁左右退休,很多人在退休的时候都能够支撑自己。
所以底线是我们从现在开始只需要工作更长一点的时间。
我们的确需要这样。而且我们明白不是每个人都能这么做。有些人有健康问题;有些人的配偶的健康问题;有些人的工作已经过时。但是对于大部分人来说,工作更长时间的真正目的是要过上安稳的退休生活。
好吧。我们将继续坚持工作。谢谢你,教授。
本文转自大家论坛
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英语角
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Global AIDS conference rally calls for cheaper medicines, more funding
The first International AIDS Conference to be held in the United States in more than two decades opened Sunday with repeated assertions that the 31-year-old epidemic can be realistically brought to an end with more money and attention, strategically applied.
The money is needed to put millions more of the world’s 34 million HIV-infected people on medication, with special attention to those most at risk of getting and transmitting the virus — male homosexuals, drug users and the poor.
“This opportunity will evaporate if we do not act,” Michel Sidibe, head of the United Nations agency UNAIDS, said at the conference’s opening ceremony Sunday e vening. “This opportunity will slip through our fingers, and history will never forgive us.”
“AIDS activists, you’ve gotten lazy!” Michael Weinstein, president of the Los Angeles-based AIDS Healthcare Foundation, told a crowd at the foot of the Washington Monument earlier in the day.
“The world is depending on you. You cannot rest until AIDS is under control. People living with HIV, you’re the conscience of the world,” he said. “Your voice must be louder!”
The world now spends about $17 billion a year in AIDS prevention and treatment in the developing world. About 8 million people there are now on life-extending antiretroviral drugs, most started in just the past few years. The goal is to have 15 million on therapy by 2015, which will require $7 billion more per year.
Recent research has shown that people on treatment almost never infect anyone else —a fact that has led to the call for “treatment as prevention.”
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“It would be an extraordinary failure .?.?. if financial constraints truncated our ability to begin to end AIDS, just when the science has shown us that this goal is achievable,” said Diane V. Havlir, an AIDS physician at the University of California in San Francisco and co-chair of the 19th International AIDS Conference.
As in all these meetings, the opening ceremony featured an eclectic mix of speakers, including D.C. Mayor Vincent C. Gray and a 24-year-old HIV-positive woman from Zimbabwe. Not present was President Obama. Kathleen Sebelius, secretary of health and human services, represented the administration.
She announced four public-private partnerships to improve access to HIV care in the United States and especially to keep people from dropping out of care. Only 28?percent of Americans with the infection are now treated optimally.
The Zimbabwean woman, Annah Sango, spoke for women, who are the majority of new cases in Africa, and for people in countries where stigma holds back a full assault on the epidemic.
She told listeners in the huge, darkened hall that she was transitioning to adulthood a nd “would like to do that in a safe space that allows me to access and exercise all my rights, a safe space that will allow me to be the best I can be in life. How have you been accountable in creating that space for me and everyone else?”
At the rally on the Mall in the afternoon, hundreds of HIV/AIDS activists and people living with the virus called for cheaper antiretroviral drugs, help for low-income people on waiting lists for subsidized medicine, and more money for international AIDS relief.
Wearing a shirt saying “HIV positive,” Rick Kennedy listened to the rally leaders as he and a friend held up a Canadian flag in the muggy heat. Kennedy said he was grateful that he and others with HIV had been allowed to enter the United States
legally after the Obama administration lifted a U.S. ban on known HIV-positive people entering the country.
“AIDS is still not over; there’s still no cure,” said Kennedy, 58, executive director of the Ontario AIDS Network. “We’re people, not fish. You can’t just medicate us and release us. We still need to work hard to connect people to treatment and care and keep them there.”
Kennedy said he’ll attend the conference this week. Asked what he thought of Weinstein referring to HIV/AIDS activists as becoming “lazy,” Kennedy said:“There’s been some complacency. It’s been 30 years of fighting for many of us. We need to renew ourselves. That’s one of the things a global conference does.”
Just before the opening ceremonies, about two dozen people, accompanied by blasts from a vuvuzela, marched to the front of the room protesting U.S. immigration laws that prohibit entry to self-proclaimed drug addicts and prostitutes.
Many were heavily tattooed, some wore green plastic Statue of Liberty crowns and a few carried red umbrellas emblazon ed with the slogan “Only rights can stop the wrongs.”
For several minutes, they chanted, “Nothing about us without us.” A member of the audience stood and asked, “How can you have a legitimate conference when some of the most affected populations cannot at tend?”
The group followed the rules for protests at international AIDS conferences —brevity and lack of violence. Some in the past have not been as well behaved. In several conferences, speakers and organizers were spattered with fake blood.
Then-Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson endured continuous blaring of horns and screams of “Shame, shame!” at the 2002 conference in Barcelona.
Obama’s absence is the other early point of controversy.
A White House spokeswoman said, “The president’s sc hedule will preclude him from opening the conference.” She noted that many heads of state haven’t appeared at previous conferences.
Asked at the news briefing whether she was unhappy with the president’s decision, the conference co-chairman, Havlir said di plomatically: “We’re very, very proud of what the Obama administration has done for the AIDS response. We’re disappointed we won’t have the chance to tell him directly.”
Rep. Barbara Lee (D-Calif.) came to the president’s defense. “He not only talks the talk, he walks the walk,” said Lee, who went to her first AIDS conference, in Durban, South Africa, in 2000, two years after she was elected. “We know this president of the United States gets it.”
The AIDS Healthcare Foundation rally organizers called on pharmaceutical companies to lower drug prices around the world and for the United States and other wealthy countries to put more money into the global fight against the virus.
Whitney Engeran-Cordova, the foundation’s public health director, said the federal government needs to bolster funding for the AIDS Drug Assistance Program that provides medicine to low-income people. The program now has more than 2,000 patients on wait lists nationwide, he said.
“The formula for AIDS control is if all the people living with HIV and who don’t know it get on treatment, then the amount of virus that can be transmitted would start to go down,” Engeran-Cordova said before the rally. “But how are we supposed to do that when .?.?. we can’t even treat the people who know [they h ave HIV or AIDS] now?”
Several activists cited the need to curb the virus in particular demographic groups where it is spreading most quickly, including among Latinos, African
Americans and women. Southern states also are seeing more cases, Engeran-Cordova said.
“We have all the tools to stop HIV if we got everyone tested and treated,” said Jesse Brooks, an activist from Oakland, Calif., who said he has lived with AIDS since 1993. “No one here, especially in the United States, should be on a wait list for l ifesaving medicines.”
Shannon Gooden, 32, of Dallas said she worried about people most affected by HIV/AIDS who couldn’t attend the conference or rally.
“This is a kind of preaching-to-the-choir situation out here,” Gooden said. “The people who need to be here —people who aren’t getting tested, people in need of resources —aren’t here.”
Traditionally, the International AIDS Conference devotes a space for community activism called the Global Village that is open to the public for free. This year’s Global Village, on the lower level of the convention center, covers more than 170,000 square feet. There, local and international activist groups will man networking booths, host workshops and film screenings, and promote art exhibitions throughout Friday. The Village also includes a Youth Pavilion for youth-led activities and a main stage for live performances of music, theatre and dance.
1. What is the number of the world’s HIV-infected people?
A. 31 million
B. 28 million
C. 8 million
D. 34 million
2. What do es this sentence “This opportunity will evaporate if we do not act” imply”?
A. We should grasp the critical period and do something to control AIDS.
B. This opportunity will slip through our fingers, and history will never forgive us.
C. We should pay more attention to the treatment on the HIV-infected people.
D. We should improve access to HIV care.
3. Why there were two dozen people marched to the front of the room?
A. To get the money for treatment.
B. To protest U.S. immigration laws that prohibit entry to self-proclaimed drug addicts and prostitutes.
C. To attend the meeting.
D. To stop the opening of the meeting.
4.Translate this sentence: “He not only talks the talk, he walks the walk.”
1.D
【细节题】第一段中能直接找到答案。
2.A
【推理题】这句话在第四段，联系上下文来看，旨在说明是时候通过筹集更多善款来结束长达31年的艾滋传播了。
3.B
【细节题】从第十六段中可以找到答案。就是为了抗议美国关于禁止所谓的吸毒者与妓女入境的移民法。
4.他（奥巴马）不仅做出承诺，而且也有实际行动。
本文主要讲的是对于艾滋病患者参与国际艾滋会议的权力以及这次会议的目的，内容等。
【英美报刊每周一练第四期】快速阅读：The Anti-Diet: Winning
the War on Obesity
The obesity problem is huge, literally. A new report funded by the CDC estimates that 42 percent of American adults could be obese by the year 2030, compared to 33.8 percent in 2007-2008. Obesity is responsible for staggering costs: an extra $190 billion a year in healthcare and more than $73 billion a year in lost productivity.
In a new book, The Weight of the Nation: Surprising Lessons About Diets, Food, and Fat, the authors conclude that the obesity crisis is completely preventable: “The only thing you need is the truth. The truth about why we’re fat, and how we can fix it.” The auth ors don’t mince words as they outline the plain, hard facts about how obesity became an epidemic and what it will take to win the war, no matter how many times people have tried to lose weight before. The book is a companion to the Extraordinary Series from HBO Documentary Films of the same name. The Institutes of Medicine, CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation and Kaiser Permanente were partner organizations who provided scientific advice for the series.
“You are personally responsible for doing things to help yourself out of your situation, but this is so far more complicated than merely a failure of personal will,” says Judith Salerno, M.D., M.S., co-author of the book and Leonard D. Schaeffer Executive Officer of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.
The authors outline key players that fueled the obesity epidemic, including these:
1) We are genetically programmed to love food, overeat it when it is readily available and then store extra calories as fat. There may be as many as one hundred genes that enhance our desire to eat.
2) Industrialization of our modern food supply means that food is easy to find in great quantities. The average American consumes 31 percent more calories per day compared to forty years ago.
3) We are making poor nutrition choices. Only 26 percent of Americans are eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, down from 42 percent twenty years ago.
4) Only 3 percent of adults meet the minimum daily physical activity guidelines, which recommend at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, plus resistance training on two days per week.
5) Lack of sleep has an immediate negative effect on hormones that drive hunger, and increases our cravings for carbohydrates.
The average American is 14.5 pounds overweight and spending on diet products and services tops $40 billion a year as people seek quick-fix solutions. Instead of going on the next fad diet, the authors suggest that the best place to start instead is to understand how the “calories in versus calories burned” math works for your own body.
“For me the simple message is that it’s calories in versus calories expended. But it’s a lot more complicated than that, and in order for people to be successful in losing weight and maintaining that loss, you really have to understand a lot more about your biology and your environment,” says Dr. Salerno.
She recounts her personal experience: “You know, I could never understand, before I started looking into this, why I could eat the same amount of food as a friend of mine. We were both at the same weight, where I would gain and she wouldn’t. But I had lost 25 pounds to get to the weight that she had always [maintained]. So it was very helpful for me to understand that I needed to eat less to be at the same weight, and that my biology, my set points were different.”
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Here are some key strategies to fight obesity—and win for good:
1) Start by tracking what you eat and your physical activity with a written diary or diet diary mobile app and set a calorie budget.
2) Establish support systems. Talk to your friends and loved ones about your goals.
3) Set reasonable goals like losing 1-2 pounds per week and establish a track record of success. Losing just 5-7 percent body weight can lower blood pressure, improve blood sugar levels and reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 60 percent.
4) Watch the portion sizes and consider sharing half of your meal with a friend.
5) Plan ahead of time by packing healthy snacks so you can resist unhealthy food temptations.
6) Get moving! Work towards meeting the recommended physical activity guidelines, ideally spreading your activity sessions throughout the week.
Beyond taking personal responsibility, larger social changes are needed to win the obesity war. “I think that the message is that everything is conspiring against us, so we need to change everything. One person dieting is not going to change the obesity crisis, but having many different people: employers, insurers, local government, state governments, schools, school boards, and families recognize that the problem is large, it’s complicated and there are lots of interlocking pieces, is important. We will only solve this when we really address all of the puzzle pieces,” says Dr. Salerno.
1. In the first paragraph, how much money that has been spent for obesity a year?
学科：英语年级：小四学员：周焕能任课教师：郑洁琼 授课时间： 2015年 5月23日星期六 教学内容：阅读理解 第 X17-18课时 （一）这个人重要不重要 我有一个朋友,因为与同事交恶,几乎到了水火不相容的地步,以至于家庭生活与工作都大受影响,最后他选择了辞职。 我问他“:如果不是那个人,你会留下来吗?”他回答“:当然,这工作我很喜欢。但是我恨透了那个家伙,只要他在那里一天,我便觉得有如芒刺在背,只能离开。”“你为什么要让他成为你生命的重心?”被我这么一问,他顿时哑口无言。 一位老师将学生分组,12个人一组。其中一个学生请求老师给他换组,老师问“:为什么?” 学生说:“因为我很讨厌其中的一个人。” 老师同意了他的要求,不过老师问道:“这个组的其他成员你也讨厌吗?” 学生说:“不会啊,都挺喜欢的。” 老师说“:那这个人在你生命中重不重要?” 学生答“:不重要,讨厌死了!” 老师说“:但是10个好朋友留不住你,你却为了他一个人离开。你说,这个人重不重要呢?” 对立的关系有时要比爱的关系来得更深沉,恨一个人要比爱一个人付出更多的情感。你若一直处于跟某个人的抗争中,慢慢就会失去自己;当你把整个焦点都集中在那个人身上时,他就涵盖了你的整个世界,成为你生命的重心。 这样的结局,你愿意吗? 1.标题中的“这个人”指的是 2.“他”为什么选择离职？ 3.写老师将学生分组的故事，目的是什么？ 4.“恨一个人要比爱一个人付出更多的情感。”你能用本文的例子来说明吗？ 5.读完全文，你觉得“他”会不会做出新的选择?要说明理由。 6. 根据意思找出相应的词语 ）（遇到一个不喜欢或讨厌的人A B 形容坐立不安，像忙和刺在背上一样。（） C 两者对立，像水和火一样不相容。（） （二）卖爆米花的少年 有一个少年,他兄弟姊妹七个,父母虽努力工作,但日子过得还是非常艰辛。没办法,父母决定带着他们回老家生活。没想到途中渡船遇险沉没,少年全家获救了,可他们仅有的那一点财产却都化为乌有。回到家乡,少年上了小学。中午,别的同
快速阅读训练的五种方法 速读，作为一种现象，古今中外，均已有之。我国古代，《北齐书》曾记载王孝瑜读书敏速，十行俱下。前苏联大文豪高尔基看杂志，往往是几页几页地翻。经科学地速读训练，其读速更大得惊人：日本加古德次先生精心训练的速读能手长江美子，最快可达每分钟读20万字。我国北京铁路二中程汉杰老师，台北师专附小谭达士校长训练的学生其阅读效率也是成倍、成数倍地增长。本模式实验表明：学生阅读效率一般可提高45倍，达到1500字/分。大量经验表明，速读能力同其他技能一样：通过训练，才能提高;通过有效的训练，就能迅速地提高。 1.调息训练 调息训练就是平时我们所说的丹田呼吸。快速阅读是一项必须严肃认真从事的脑力劳动，在整个阅读过程中大脑需要消耗大量的新鲜氧气和其他营养物质。许多人读书时间长了，都会产生头晕脑胀的感觉，快速阅读要以超过普通人几倍、十几倍，甚至上百倍的速度来阅读，而且理解和记忆水平还只能提高。因此，在训练过程中，首先要教会学生丹田呼吸的方法，
并且要求学生对这种方法从有意识的转变为无意识的、自觉的。 在精英特快速阅读记忆训练软件中，在软件前特意开辟出静心调息一栏。在调息一栏里，软件运用音乐、声音、图片、文字等方式的引导，让学员尽可能地集中精力，让身体进入高效阅读的最佳状态。 2.眼力训练 在训练过程中，可以给学生配备了一整套视觉机能训练图，对学生进行眼力训练，有助于使学生集中注意力，扩大视读野，使眼球变得更灵活。 在精英特快速阅读记忆训练软件中，眼力训练是最基础训练项目。包括视幅类的视野扩展、舒尔特表、字符扩展、文字扩展和焦点移动类的横向移动、纵向移动等六个训练项目，通过这些训练逐步提高学员眼睛视幅范围、定向搜索能力和视幅移动速度，让学员在阅读中能够尽可能多地看到更多更大的文字词组、句组、行甚至是页，为快速阅读提供生理基础。 3.节奏训练 我们平时所惯用的阅读方式是点式阅读，也就是一个字一个字地看。而我们现在所说的快速阅读是在不降低理解和记忆水平的前提下，几倍、十几倍，乃至上百倍地提高阅读速度，
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为什么精力充沛，希望我们学习他们的秘诀。 2006年6月真题Highways的分析思路：为什么要修建公路？怎么修建？公路有哪些功能？存在哪些问题？一般说明文的写作结构都是如此：计划–成形–功能–问题。例如：联合国的起因–联合国的成立–联合国的运作–联合国的问题。 2．分析小标题(Tidy the Subtitles）(20 –25秒) 目的：了解文章内容，把握总体结构。 官方样题： Sub 1：How Much Trash Is Generated? 一看该段字数少，忽视 Sub 2：How Is Trash Disposed of? 关键字：处理 Sub 3：What Is a Landfill? 引进主题，字数增加，进入重点。推理：landfill 肯定是上面提到的一种垃圾处理方法 Sub 4：Proposing the Landfill Landfill由新信息变成已知信息。关键字：Proposing 计划、建议 Sub 5：Building the Landfill 关键字：Building 修建 注意：前一段讲计划，这一段讲修建，联系紧密，可以合并 Sub 6：What happens to Trash in a Landfill? 关键字：What happens；字数少，忽视 Sub 7：How Is a Landfill Operated? 关键字：Operated 如何
四年级语文阅读理解 1.《山羊和狼》 狼干了坏事，被狗咬伤，倒在地上，自己不能找吃的。它真想到前面的河里去喝水，可是，怎么也爬不动。 这时，从远处走来了一只山羊。狠有气无力地叫着：“山羊大哥，我渴极了！请您快给我到小河里弄点水来！” 山羊望了望狼，摇了摇头说：“我不能替你去拿水。” 狼刚想发火，忽然伤口一阵剧痛，便忍住了，“我受伤了，伤势很重，一点也不能动了！（难到、难道）你一点不同情我吗？” 山羊还是摇了摇头。 狼简直要哭出来了，又苦苦地哀求道：“行行好吧！山羊大哥。只要你给我一点儿水，我就可以自己去找食物了。要不，我会饿死、渴死的！” “要是我给你水喝，你能够站起来了，那么，你会（毫、豪）不客气地把我当食物吃了！”山羊说完，头也不回就走了。 1.在括号里选留一个正确的词，把不正确的划去。（4分） 2.请把画线的句子改为陈述句（保留原句意思）（4分） 3.文中加粗词语“要是”，还可以用哪些词语来替换，请写出两个（句子意思不变（4分） 4.写出文中下列词语的近义词。（3分） 剧痛（）哀求（）发火（） 5.用下列词语造句。（4分） 有气无力—— 简直—— 6.作者怎样三次写山羊头部的动作？为什么要这样写？（6分）
2.题目: 我的家乡在黄河故道边。黄河故道沉沙多，沙丘连绵不断，像一座座小山包似的。小时候，我和小伙伴常常光着脚，在沙丘之间奔跑。脚踩在那柔软的细沙上，就像踩在棉被上一样舒服。但是，春天的沙是万万没有这样温顺的。春天风大，那些沙便借了风的威力狂奔乱舞起来，家乡也就是漫天黄沙，对面看不清人。那时候我以为可恶的风是树带来的，每当漫天风沙，就天真地想，要是把树都砍了，风就不会再刮了吧？长大后才知道，恰恰只有树才能挡住风沙。从那开始，家乡便开始大量的栽树，不仅仅房前屋后，而且连小路旁边沙丘上到处都栽上了树。那些树密密麻麻，不计其数。后来，树长大了，村子和村子之间只能听见鸡鸣和狗叫的声音，却望不见村子上空的袅袅炊烟。 那时候我们跟大人走村串亲，调皮的孩子会爬到树上，在树枝上行走，从这个村子到那个村子可以脚不沾地。爬树是我的看家本领，不管多么高大的树，我会很轻松地爬上去。那时候也不知道爱护鸟类，到树上掏鸟窝抓鸟蛋是家常便饭。 家乡的树多，每年冬天来临之际，枯枝落叶遍地，拣回家后一年的柴草问题就解决了。树林更是孩子们的乐园，每天放学以后，我们就会在林间穿行嬉戏。春天，我们到树林里捉黑老麻虫。黑老麻虫傍晚时分就会从沙土里钻出来，爬到刚刚长出嫩叶的树枝上，一串串的，我们就捉来放进瓶子里，带回家喂鸡。那时候我们都期盼着鸡多下蛋，因为那是我们上学的资本。夏天，我们在林间穿行，满头大汗捉知了，谁捉到一只知了，就快活得大喊：“我捉到一只啦！”晚上，尤其是有月亮的晚上，我们在树林中捉迷藏。月光如银，树影摇曳，我们欢乐清脆的笑声常常惊飞树上栖息的鸟儿。 转眼几十年过去了，儿时林中嬉戏的情景却常常出现在梦里。如今，故乡的沙丘也变成了旅游景点。我曾经陪伴远方的客人去游玩，向他们讲述我童年在这里留下的快乐，他们一个个都听得如痴如醉。 1．联系上下文理解词语。（8分） ⑴文中的“不计其数”具体指，和“不计其数”表示同样意思的另一个词是。 ⑵“如痴如醉”的意思是客人们一个个都听得如痴如醉的原因是。 2.“村子和村子之间只能听见鸡鸣和狗叫的声音，却望不见村子上空的袅袅炊烟”这句话可以说明。（3分） 3．短文第二、三自然段写了儿时在树林中几件有趣的事，分别是：（8分）
What is Integrity? "Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty."The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, r esponsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when m aking life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disap pointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships w ith others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then explorin g ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsi ble choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may
绝密私藏！！！花费一学期悟出的英语4，6级必杀技，考前一星期看，绝对会有意想不到的效果。成绩快速提高70分以上----保你轻松过4，6级！！（谢绝转帖，被发现严重鄙视！！！） 听力 一. 应试技巧 以WHAT为提问词引导的问句 1. 问”什么含义” What does the man imply? What does the woman’s answer suggest? What does the woman say about..(共出现32次) 2. 问”从对话中能获得什么信息或结论” What can we learn/know about the man? What do we know from the woman’s reply? What can be inferred about…(共出现37次) 3. 问”做什么” What does the man promise to do? (共出现14次) 4. 问”对某人或某事有什么看法’ How does the man feel about… (出现4次) 小结:在短对话部分,考查最多的是WHAT类的提问,其中细节的考查相对较少,推断型的相对较多一些. 二:常见考题类型 1原因与结果题 特征:1.至少有一个选项暗示出该事实能导致某种结果,通常有好几个选项的事实能导致同一结果 2.选项中可能出现can’t, not be able to, too….to, have to等词或词组. 3.文章承上启下的作用的信息句
a.表示文章顺序与层次的句子,一般由first, second, in the end, in addition, furthermore, finally引导. b.表示意思转折的句子,一般由but, however, on the contrary, instead, unfortunately, however, yet, although, nevertheless等词引导 c.表示因果关系的句子,一般由because, since, for, thus, as a result等引导 2.职业与身份题 特征:大部分情况下,选择项是有固定格式的,要么是4个不同的职业,要么是4个不同身份的人 短语:a little out of the way 有点远 三. 长对话应试技巧 注意:问答形式的对话是考试重点,往往落在其答语上.并且不是每一组问答都是重点,作为考试重点的几组问题之间的关联性是不大的.换句话说,第一个问题考查了文章的主旨,第二个问题开始分别考查对话中所呈现的几方面问题.其中每一个方面选择一个最重要的问题来考查.并且部分长对话还秉承了短文理解的一个重要的考查方式,就是在对话的开头部分一定会出题目 方法:1.话题与场景的判断----第一句话中的核心词汇揭示答案 在长对话中,寒暄过后的第一句话一般起到引出话题的作用,很可能是对话的主题所在,也是回答主旨,话题以及场景题的依据,正确的答案往往是核心词汇的重现,同义词,或者是由该单词所得出的自然的推论. 2.细节题---听到什么选什么 与短对话的区别就在于,短对话中一般采用的原则是听到什么就不选什么,而长对话恰恰相反,它考查的重点是那些含有实际意义的问答内容,尤其是特殊疑问句 3.根据结尾处的核心词汇锁定答案 长对话中一个出题规律就是在结尾处,针对将要做什么.或者提出什么建议进行提问.因此答题的关键就在于锁定结尾处的核心词 四. 场景分析 1. 教务场景
快速阅读方法有哪些如何掌握快速阅读阅读速度是速读能力高低的重要标志之一。阅读能力包括理解力、记忆力和速度三个方面。在知识量急剧发展、与每个人的专业有关的书籍急剧增多的现代社会，培养速读能力是不可忽视的。从当前多快好省地提高学员的自学成才能力来说，培养高效速读能力是速读训练的重点和当务之急。那么，除了平时参加我们训练外，还有些什么办法可以培养自己的速读能力呢?下面小编为你整理快速阅读的方法，希望能帮到你。 快速阅读的方法如下： 一、掌握看书扫视法。 要读得快，就要眼睛看得快。小学生开始读书的时候，往往要用手指着书上的字，一个一个念，这样读书当然是慢的。我们要让学生养成以词句为单位的整体性阅读的习惯，学会合理扫视，纠正按“字”阅读、默读时动嘴、眼动没有规律等不良习惯，逐步扩大学生的“视知觉广度”。“视知觉广度”大，由于眼球注视时间短和中途回视的次数少，其阅读的平均速度就比较快。据我们上万学员的训练体会可以看出“有经验的阅读者每一次注视所能阅读的内容至少是 初学阅读者的三倍”。用“扫视法”训练速读的方式是很多。除了运用我们的训练软件外，还可以可用卡片、幻灯或个人电脑来展示词组、句子、句群，在规定时间内要求每个
学员尽量地扫视，后回答。例如“白求恩同志是加拿大共产党员，五十多岁了，为了帮助中国的抗日战争，受加拿大共产党和美国共产党的派遣，不远万里，来到中国。”然后问学生“什么人?什么事?什么地方?什么原因?怎样来的?”等问题，要学生回忆这些句子，同时也使他们明白记叙文章的五个要素，进而全面掌握扫视法，自如地用整篇(段)文章进行扫视训练。 二、掌握看书搜索法。 要提高阅读速度，具有看书时的快速搜索能力是必要的。即在看书时能快速找到所需文章目录，文章重点或你对文章所关心的部分。我们在快速阅读训练中必须养成学员有目的有重点地进行阅读的习惯，使他们在阅读时善于发现重点，善于发现新问题、新观点和新材料。这可以用提要法进行训练。训练的材料，可以用训练文章中的“短篇”、“阅读”的阅读文章。对这些各类文章要求学员能抓住各段大意。掌握段意最方便的办法是抓“主句”，也就是抓住说明全段主要意思的句子。例如《崇高的理想》一文中第五自然段开头一句：“理想问题，实际上是一个人的世界观问题。”这就是主句。其次，要求学员能够迅速抓住文章的脉络。例如《卓越的科学家竺可桢》一文是按逻辑顺序来安排的，文章从五个方面表现竺可桢同志在向科学高峰进军中不辞劳苦、鞠躬尽瘁的革命精神和严肃认真、一丝不苟的治学态度。
阅读理解技巧（精华版5） 一、语文阅读解题步骤点拨 1．通读文章，了解主要内容，揣摩中心思想。 2．认真通读所有题目，理解题意，明确题目的要求。 3．逐条解答，要带着问题，仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考、组织答案。 4．检查，看回答是否切题，内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，标点是否正确。 二、主要题型及解题套路 题型一：归纳段意 1．记叙文：回答清楚（什么时间、什么地点）什么人做什么事？ 格式：（时间＋地点）＋人＋事。 2．说明文：回答清楚说明对象是什么，它的特点是什么？ 格式：说明（介绍）＋说明对象＋说明内容（特点） 3．议论文：回答清楚议论的问题是什么，作者的观点怎样？ 格式：用什么论证方法证明了（论证了）＋论点 题型二：概括中心思想（有很多的问答题都是根据中心解答的） 一、例如：谈谈你的收获；告诉我们什么道理；你有什么启发 （1）有些文章可以直接在文中找到中心句。 （2）写人的，主要是赞美主人公的某些优秀品质； （3）写景主要赞美景的美丽可爱。
（4）写物比较复杂一点，单纯写物，就是表达对物的喜欢； （5）借物喻人和借物喻理的文章，在此类文章的结尾部分，仔细地揣摩，看它那些带有议论性的话，如果有写人的成分，那就是借物喻人；如果有说理的意思，那么一定就是借物喻理。 题型三：理解含义 （1）所谓的含义就是蕴含在文章里面的意思，不是一下子就能看出来的，要通过我们仔细的揣摩，采取一找二写的方法来完成。 （2）句子的意思有明暗两种。明的就是在文章结束那些议论性的话，你把它拿过来，稍加整理，也能回答。暗的难度大一点，必须在通晓全文的基础之上，把文章中一些重要的事件所反映的思想感情等的关键词摘录出来，用自己的语言表达出来。 题型四：某句话在文中的作用 1.文首：开篇点题；总起下文； 2.文中：承上启下；总结上文；引起下文 3.文末：点明中心；深化主题；篇末点题；照应开头 题型五：修辞手法的作用 1.比喻、拟人：生动形象； 答题格式：生动形象地写出了＋对象＋特性。 2.排比：有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等； 答题格式：强调了＋对象＋特性 3.设问：引起读者注意和思考； 答题格式：引起读者对＋对象＋特性的注意和思考 4.反问：强调，加强语气等；
快速阅读与记忆的训练方法 速读，作为一种现象，古今中外，均已有之。我国古代，《北齐书》曾记载王孝瑜“读书敏速，十行俱下”。前苏联大文豪高尔基 看杂志，往往是“几页几页地翻”。经科学地速读训练，其读速更 大得惊人：日本加古德次先生精心训练的速读能手长江美子，最快 可达每分钟读20万字。我国北京铁路二中程汉杰老师，台北师专附 小谭达士校长训练的学生其阅读效率也是成倍、成数倍地增长。本 模式实验表明：学生阅读效率一般可提高4—5倍，达到1500字/分。大量经验表明，速读能力同其他技能一样：通过训练，才能提高;通 过有效的训练，就能迅速地提高。 一、训练时间安排与注意事项每天训练一小时，总时间设定为 30天—60天。之所以把时间定为30—60天之间，是考虑到年龄等 方面的差别，每个人所取得的效果也会不同的原因。训练前的准备 主要是调整好心态：“我能行”要绝对相信自己能够达到速读的目标，在充分具有强烈的求知欲望的和浓厚的兴趣前提下开始训练。 二、注意事项 1，为了提高训练的效率，最好是网络训练;训练时要选择安静的地方，有噪音及其它声音的地方，容易使精神分散。 2，用隐形眼镜的人，请换上普通眼镜。因为进行扩大视视野训时，需要眼球急剧转动，眼睛就会和镜片发生摩擦，有损眼睛的健康，或使隐形眼镜脱落。 3，严格遵守一天1小时的训练时间(不包括辅助时间)。如一天 的训练时间过长，眼角肌和神经系统就会疲劳，引起头痛或眼痛。 4，练后请记录下自己的训练结果填写在规定的表格中。每天晚上，回忆当天训练的内容，越详细越好。 三、训练内容、方法与要求：按照四大内容齐头并进，分三个阶段方式训练。
(一)集中注意力并激活“α”脑电波的训练有项目1、2 项目1，丹田呼吸法。训练方法和要求： 1，端正地坐在椅子上，背部伸直。下颏微收，静心练习。 2，全身肌肉放松，坐势安适。若有不适之感，可改变姿势。 3，鼻子呼吸。呼吸要细、长、静、深，不能急促而发出声音。 另外，不要刻意做口形，脸和唇部的肌肉也要放松。 4，频率：逆向呼吸法，吸气用6秒钟，呼气用12秒钟(意味着 呼气还要缓慢);腹腔呼吸法，吸气8秒钟，呼气8秒钟。用哪种呼 吸法可自己选择。 5，就意味着每分钟要求成人的呼吸不到四次，它与正常人呼吸 16次左右相比，慢了很多。但呼吸的气量却大了许多，便会给大脑 充氧，并自律神经，安身养神。 6，每天开始训练时，每次呼气之后，请暗示自己：还有30%的 新鲜空气留在下丹田部。实际上，吸入的大部分空气已经呼出去了。但是，想象腹中吸入了新鲜空气，“气沉丹田”这是至关紧要的。 但在进入读书或作其它项目练习时，就是只作深呼吸即可。若呼吸 还要用神经系统来控制的话，就说明并未能真正达到无意识状态。 就还需要加强锻炼，直到你一读书就自动进入丹田呼吸法这种无意 识的状态。项目2，固定点凝视训练。方法：睁大眼睛，闭上嘴。 暗示自己：固定点扩大了，且清晰入目。尽量不眨眼睛。练到眼睛 能一眨不眨地凝视这个点的变化。在前30秒钟和后30秒钟时，要 求能将凝点放大或缩小，随着意念运用自如为止。中间一分钟，应 随着凝点放大和缩小。也可自己在眼睛前方，确定一个点，来自己 训练。 (二)扩大视野训练项目有：项目3，4、5 训练中不要眨眼。训练时间间隔10——20秒，休息时要多眨眨 眼和做些轻微的活动。眼睛疲劳时节可做眼睛保健操。
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Passage 3 Natural Disasters Earthquakes When the Earth Moves Earthquakes are caused by the motion of tectonic plates—individual sections that make up the Earth’s surface like panels on a football. Immense strain accumulates along fault lines where adjacent plates meet. When the rock separating the plates gives way, sudden seismic ground-shaking movement occurs. Of course, if we want to know why earthquakes happen, we need to dig a little deeper. Centre of the Earth The Earth is made up of three main layers: The core is at the centre of the Earth. The mantle is a mobile semi-molten layer around the core. The outer-shell of the Earth is called the crust. Scientists call this the lithosphere—it’s the part we’re on now. The crust is made up of 12 individual tectonic plates. Below the sea, they can measure three to six miles (4km-9.6km) thick and under land this increases to 20-44 miles (32km-70.8km). Below the crust, radiation from the Earth’s core heats the semi-molten mantle to temperatures of over 5000°C. All fluids when heated—even molten rock—are affected by a process called convection. That makes hot liquid rise to displace cooler liquid, creating a current. Tectonic plates effectively float on the mantle, like croutons in a bowl of super-heated soup. But these plates and constantly move due to the convection current. Of course, they creep along very slowly—roughly the same speed your fingernails grow. Even at this sub snail-pace, the effects can be devastating. The combined annual force of earthquakes is equal to 100,000 times the power of the atomic bombs that flattened Hiroshima. The point where the seismic activity occurs is the epicentre, where the earthquake is strongest. But it doesn’t always end there; seismic waves travel out from the epicentre, sometimes creating widespread destruction as they pass. V olcanoes Without doubt, erupting volcanoes are the most awesome and terrifying sights in nature. In fact, their untamed destructive firepower has shaped and influenced many ancient cultures from Pompeii, to Japan. It’s estimated that one in ten of the World’s population live within “danger range”of volcanoes. According to the Smithsonian Institute, there are 1511 “active”volcanoes across the globe, and many more dormant ones that could recharge at any moment. When tectonic plates collide，like earthquakes, volcanoes form at weak-points in the Earth’s crust, known as “fault-lines”. When two tectonic plates collide, the event can provide the catalyst for volcanic
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.,we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed or contrary to our fundamental values.(2009四级快速阅读) 【分析】主句：we begin to realize我们开始意识到...... 修饰成分：that some of our conclusions are flawed or contrary to our fundamental values.宾语从句做realize的宾语 When we begin to...时间状语从句其中question和challenge并列做谓语 what we think做challenge的宾语从句 we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.又做 think的宾语从句译为“从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到 的东西” 【必背词汇】assumption n.假设 flawed adj.有缺陷的，有错误的 fundamental adj.根本的，基本的 【翻译】当我们开始质疑自己的假设，并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。 But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,as well as studying,can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that,unlike many investments,should yield huge dividends.(2009.阅读6Text4) 【分析】主句：economists say经济学家声称 修饰成分：about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,as well as studying,形容词短语做定语，修饰families families can console themselves with the knowledge做say的宾语从句 that college is an investment做the knowledge的同位语从句 unlike many bank stocks与许多银行股票不同，做插入语 that should yield huge dividends定语从句，修饰an investment 【必背词汇】console v.安慰，慰藉 investment n.投资 yield v.产生，得出 dividend n.股息，红利，收益 【翻译】但是经济学家们声称，即将因为支付儿女大学四年聚会玩乐外加学习的费用而背上债务的那些家庭可以安慰自己说，上大学是一项投资，与许多银行股票不同，这项投资将收获巨额收益。 What parents do,in other words,is of deep concern to the state,for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society.(2010.阅读6Text 1) 【分析】主句：What parents do is of deep concern to the state.主系表结构国家对家长的作为密切关注 修饰成分：in other words“换句话说”插入语 for the obvious reason原因状语 that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of
关于快速阅读训练的心得体会与注意力的影响关于快速阅读训练的心得体会： 扩大视野的训练其核心在于两点 1、眼睛有生理的视幅限制 我认为是因为与视幅相关的细胞肌肉群处于一定的发达阶段，就是说若更发达一些。 那么视幅将扩大，落后一些那么视幅相应的也就缩小一点，由此可见，要想获得更大的 视幅，其条件就是让这些与视幅相关的细胞肌肉群得到锻炼变得更发达，这个是生理条件。这里就不纠结为什么是肌肉群，只是说明一个概念代表生理条件 2、在当前生理限制下的调整 相信大家都有因为身体或者突然改变状态导致视野出现一片模糊，片刻休息后又变得 清晰的一些经历，这个就是人为的被动调整视野的清晰度，当然也有人可以主动的在一定 范围内调整视野内的清晰度，控制模糊或者清晰，我姑且理解为眼光“聚”和“散”的人 为控制，这里扩大视幅的核心讲究在扩大视幅的同时要看清视幅内的所有文字字符，因而针对这里人为控制方面，需要个人进行“聚”“散”操作，从而达到看清整个 视幅中的文字字符。 总结上面的一和二，那么得出结论，想要扩大视幅，其核心问题在于：①锻炼“眼肌肉”以达到满足条件;②熟练操控“聚”“散”以达到看清视幅内所有文字字符。 所以想增快掌握的进度要针对这两方面做出研究和努力 针对①，比较内在，很难做出衡量，这里建议就是不断的进行单项锻炼，以求形成突破，这里要有心态，既然相信速读和速读训练，那么就毫不犹豫的去执行，不能一朝明悟 的话那么就以量变达到质变，成就自己，同时要注意营养和休息，保证细胞“肌肉”群在 一个优秀的环境下快速增强，从而加快进度。 针对②，个人觉得，这个是人为训练和控制的重中之重，如何能快速掌握并增快进度，很大一部分在这里，因为这是在训练视幅扩展中唯一能主动控制的一项，针对这个要点， 前期要注意的是： 首先调整好心态和身体状态，进入一个比较好的整体状态进行训练，这种状态的准备 有益于在后面训练中人为操控“聚”“散”时的精度和速读， 其次训练前期要多做“聚”“散”操作来培养自己灵活的“清晰度”控制能力，在基 本能熟练控制后，进行“清晰度分配”，分配到视幅的每个文字字符上，不清楚就再分配 一些，进行这种主观意识上的分配操作，以求能力的提高达到质变，看清视幅内的所有问题。
2011年6月英语六级快速阅读、传统阅读、简答题和选词填空题型答题技巧分享。 一、快速阅读 大学六级中的第一道阅读题目是快速阅读，很多考生朋友都向笔者反映：快速阅读怎么做啊?拿到题目是先看文章还是先看题目啊?怎么我总是做不完题啊?有什么方法可以提高阅读速度啊?等等等等……这几个问题相信也是大家最关心的，那接下来，笔者将从六级快速阅读的命题特征，做题步骤，解题方法几个角度来谈谈如何攻克快速阅读。 1. 六级快速阅读的命题特征 六级快速阅读的文章篇幅约为1200单词，通常是略多一些的，整个题目的给定时间为15分钟。文章之后是十道题目，这十题可以会出现两种组合：一种为4道是非判断题(也就是大家所熟悉的Y/N/NG题)加上6道句子填空题(也可称补全句子);另一种为7道选择题加上3道句子填空题。 至于考试最终会以哪种形式出题，在考纲中是没有明确说明的，从改革之后的几次实考情况来看，06年12月六级开始使用新题型，到09年6月的六级考试中，第一种题目组合形式考了两次，分别是06年12月和07年6月;第二种题目组合形式考了之后的四次。大家可以从以上的信息中来分配自己对于每种题型的复习时间。 2. 六级快速阅读的做题步骤 由于整个快速阅读部分总体时间为15分钟，如果不进行合理的规划，这样的时间是绝对不够用的。很多考生朋友会问到底应该以一种什么样的顺序来做题?我们先来了解一下在考试大纲中的说法： “要求考生运用略读和查读的技能从篇章中获取信息。略读考核学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想的能力，阅读速度约为每分钟120词。查读考核学生利用各种提示，如数字、大字单词、段首或句首词等，快速查找特定信息的能力。” 从考纲中我们发现，这里有三个重点信息：略读、查读、速度为120词/分钟。从这三点上我们基本上可以确实整体的步骤了，那就是选定信息+回到文章查找信息+对比解题。而且我们应该是看一题，做一题。这就是所谓的略读、查读。其实这正是我们平时所使用的从题干中找关键词，回文章定位的办法。快速阅读其实就是考定位。 而另外一个信息，阅读速度问题，表面上看到这个120词/分钟，很考生都望而却步，这绝对是一个无法企及的速度，但笔者提醒大家看它前面的文字，这样读的目的是为了获取文章主旨大意，而不是精细分析，于是结合大家以往所掌握的英语阅读知识应该知道，在英语中主旨的位置往往是相对固定的，想要把握1200个单词的文章的主旨根本不需要全文阅读，只需要看几个位置就可以了，如标题、首段、小标题。所以说这里的阅读速度应该更确切的讲是平均速度。 建议做题步骤： 1)看题干，划出关键词。 2)看一题，定位一题。 3)对比原文与题干，找出异同或丢失信息，解题。 3. 六级快速阅读的解题方法。 对历年真题比较熟悉的考生也会发现，在快速阅读中往往会出现以下三条小原则： 1)题目的顺序与文章的顺序高度一致。 不论是哪种题目组合，这十道题都是严格的按照行文的顺序，依次出现，所以大家完全可以好好利用这一条小规律，按照顺序去查找，并且坚决不走“回头路”。https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html, 如果在做题中出现某道题的关键词不够明确，也可以通过这个小规律，采用“迂回”战术来解决，那就是先放着无法定位的题目不做，而去做下一道能够明确定位的题目，再利用题目与文章顺序一致，大概确定上题的范围，再做查找，范围缩小，也就意味着难度降低了。
大学英语四六级阅读文章出处 09年12月英语四级、六级考试结束，很多同学休息之后又会踏上新的备考之路。我们一直说提高阅读水平可以看外刊，但是外刊上的文章也是浩如烟海，这里我们就以刚刚结束的12月大学英语四级和六级的真题为例，为大家分析一下备考英语四级和六级，应该选择外刊上什么类型的文章看比较合适。09年12月大学英语四级真题中文章来源如下（除听力）： 快速阅读：Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid 出自USA Today https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/news/education/200 7-03-14-merit-aid_N.htm 选词填空：Childhood: Fathers Influence a Child’s Language Development 出自NY Times https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/2006/11/14/health/14 chil.html?_r=1
传统阅读一：What Michelle Can Teach Us出自Newsweek https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/id/166857 传统阅读二：A Global Headhunt出自Newsweek https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/id/151689/page/1完形填空：Older people's education 'neglected' 出自卫报 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/education/2009/jan /20/furthereducation-longtermcare 09年12月英语六级真题中文章来源如下（除听力）： 快速阅读：Bosses say 'yes' to home work 出自卫报 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/technology/2005/m ay/26/businesssolutionssupplement3 简短回答：Driving and mobile phones : Just shut up, will you 出自经济学人 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b12041016.html,/science/displaystor y.cfm?story_id=12719410 传统阅读一：Shortage of primary care threatens health care system 出自USA Today