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高级英语2第三版lesson4爱情就是谬误课文翻译

高级英语2第三版lesson4爱情就是谬误课文翻译
高级英语2第三版lesson4爱情就是谬误课文翻译

爱情就是谬误

马克斯?舒尔曼查尔斯?兰姆是一个百年难遇的性情欢快且富有进取心的人。他那令人难忘的作品《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》打破了随笔的羁绊。下面这篇文章甚至比兰姆的作品更加随意。实际上,用“随意”这个字眼来形容这篇文章或许并不十分恰当;用“柔软的”、“松软的”或“富有弹性”或许更为恰当。

尽管这篇文章所属的类别是模糊的,但可以肯定它是一篇散文。它提出了论点,列举了例子,并得出了结论。卡菜尔能写出比这更好的作品吗?拉斯金呢?那么,就读一读下面的文章吧。这篇文章意在论证逻辑学远非一门枯燥乏味而又迂腐的学科,而是一种活泼、清新的事物,充满了美感、激情和创伤。

——作者注

1. 本人头脑冷静、逻辑性强。敏锐、精明、机智、灵敏、狡黠---------- 这些品质我

都具备。我的大脑像发电机一样有力,像化学家的天平一样精确,像手术刀一样锋利。难以想象吧!我才十八岁。

2. 如此年轻而又才智卓越的人并不常有。就拿我在明尼苏达州大学的室友皮

蒂伯奇来说吧。他跟我年龄相同,背景相似,却蠢笨如牛。要知道,他是个英俊年轻的小伙子,可脑袋却空空如也。他容易激动,情绪反复无常,易受影响。最糟糕的是,他是一个爱赶时髦的人。我认为,赶时髦是最缺乏理智的表现。追随每一次新出现的时尚,身不由己地做着种种蠢事,仅仅因为别人都在这么做在我看来,这愚蠢至极。然而皮蒂却不这么认为。

3. 一天下午,我发现皮蒂躺在床上,脸上流露出一种痛苦不堪的表情,我立刻断定他得了阑尾炎。“别动,”我说,“别吃泻药,我去请医生。”

4. “浣熊,”他咕哝道。

5. “浣熊?”我停下飞快的脚步问道。

6. “我想要一件浣熊皮大衣,”他哭着嚷道。

7. 我意识到他的问题不是身体上的,而是精神上的。“你为什么想要一件浣熊皮

大衣呢?”

8. “我早就该知道,”他哭叫着,捶打着自己的太阳穴,“我早就该知道查尔斯顿舞

再度流行时,浣熊皮大衣也会再次时兴起来。我真傻,所有的钱都买了课本,而现在却没钱买浣熊皮大衣了。”

9. “你的意思是,”我满腹狐疑地问:“人们真的又在穿浣熊皮大衣了?”

10. 校“园里所有的头面人物都在穿。你到哪儿去了?”

11. “图书馆,”我说了一个校园里的头面人物不常去的地方。

12. 他从床上一跃而起,在房间里踱来踱去。“我一定要搞到一件浣熊皮大衣,他激动地说,“一定要! ”

13. 皮“蒂,为什么啊?理智地想一想,浣熊皮大衣不卫生,掉毛,味道难闻,既笨重又难看,而且……”

14. 你“不懂,”他不耐烦地打断我。“这就叫时髦。难道你不想赶时髦吗?”

15. 不“想,”我实话实说。

16. 哦“,可我想!”他断然说道。“我愿意用任何东西换一件浣熊皮大衣,任何东

西!”

17. 我的大脑 --- 这件精密的仪器一一立即高速运转起来。“任何东西?”我仔

细地打量着他问道。

18. 任“何东西! ”他高声肯定道。

19. 我若有所思地摸着下巴。恰好我知道哪里能弄到浣熊皮大衣。我父亲在读大学时就有过一件,现在就放在我家阁楼的一个箱子里。而皮蒂正好也有我想要的东西。虽然他还没有完全“拥有”它,但至少他有优先权。我指的是他的女朋友波莉?埃斯皮。

20. 我早就渴望得到波莉?埃斯皮了。我要强调的是,我想得到这个妙龄女子本质上并不是受情感的驱使。她的确是个让人动情的姑娘,但我不是那种让情感控制理智的人。我想得到波莉是经过慎重考虑的,完全是出于理智的原因。

21. 我是法学院一年级的学生。再过几年我就要毕业做律师了。我非常清楚地知道一个合适的妻子对一个律师的职业生涯的重要性。我所观察到的成功律师几乎毫无例外地娶到了美丽、文雅、聪明的女子。波莉只差一条就完全符合这些条件了。

22. 她很漂亮。尽管她还没有海报上的美女那样匀称的身材,但我相信时间会弥补这一不足。她已经具备美女的潜质。

23. 她温文尔雅 --- 我是指她很有风度。她亭亭玉立,举止大方,举手投足都很

清楚地显示出她很有教养。她进餐时,动作优雅。我曾见过她在“温馨校园之角吃店里的名吃 ------------ 一块夹有几片炖肉和多汁碎核桃果仁的三明治,还有一小杯泡

菜 --- 手指儿竟一点儿也没有沾湿。

24. 她不聪明,实际上正好相反。但我相信在我的指导下,她会变得聪明起来。无论如何,这值得一试。毕竟,使一个漂亮的笨姑娘变聪明比使一个聪明的丑姑娘变漂亮容易得多。

25. 皮蒂,”我说,你在跟波莉?埃斯皮谈恋爱吗?”

26. 我觉得她是个好姑娘,”他回答说,“但我不知道这是不是叫做爱情。你问这个干吗?”

27. “你和她有什么正式的约定吗?我是说你们是否已经确立恋爱关系了,或者类似的事情?”我问道。

28. 没有。我们经常见面,但我俩各自都有别的约会。你问这个干嘛?”

29. 她还有没有别的特别喜欢的人呢?”我问道。

30. 据我所知没有了。你问这些干吗?”

31. 我满意地点点头说。“也就是说,如果你不再和她交往,别人就有机会。对

吗?”

32. 我想是这样。你这话究竟是什么意思?”

33. 没什么,没什么,”我若无其事地说,接着把手提箱从壁橱里拿了出来。

34. 你去哪儿?”皮蒂问。

35. 回家过周末。”我把一些东西扔进了手提箱。

36. 听我说,”他急切地抓着我的胳膊说,“你回家后从你老爸那儿弄点钱,借给我买一件浣熊皮大衣,好吗?”

37. 也许我能做的不止这些,”我神秘地眨眨眼说,随后合上手提箱走了。

38. 星期一上午回到学校时,我对皮蒂说:“快看! ”我猛地把手提箱打开,展示出

那件肥大的、毛茸茸的、散发着怪味的东西,这就是我父亲1925年在他的斯图兹勇士汽车(译注:美国跑车中的翅膀)里穿过的那件浣熊皮大衣。

39. 太棒了! ”皮蒂恭敬地说。他把手插进那件浣熊皮大衣,然后把脸也埋了进去。

“太棒了! ”他重复了一二十遍。

40. 你“想要吗?”我问道。

41. 哦“,当然! ”他喊道,将油腻的皮毛紧紧地搂在怀里。接着他的眼里流露出一丝机警的神色。“你想用它换什么?”

42. 你“的女朋友,”我直言不讳地说。

43. “波莉?”他惊慌地低声说,“你要波莉?”

44. 是“的。”

45. 他把皮大衣往旁边一扔,坚决地说:“没门儿。”

46. 我耸了耸肩膀。“好吧,如果你不想赶时髦,我想这是你自己的事。”

47. 我坐在一把椅子上,假装在看书,但我一直用眼角观察着皮蒂。他很矛盾,犹豫不决。他先是用面包店橱窗前的流浪儿的那种神情看着那件皮大衣。然后他转过头去,坚定地咬紧牙关。接着他又回过头看着那件皮大衣,脸上露出更加渴望的神情。之后他又转过头去,但这次没有刚才那么坚定了。他来回地转头,对皮大衣的渴望越来越强烈,决心逐渐动摇。最后他不再转过头去了,只是站着,贪婪地盯着那件皮大衣。

48. 我“和波莉好像并不是在谈恋爱,”他含含糊糊地说。“也谈不上确定恋爱关系或者诸如此类的事情。”

49. 对“,”我低声说。

50. 波“莉对我算什么? 我对波利来说又算什么?”

51. 什“么都不算,”我说。

52. 只“不过是一时之快 --- 也就是开开玩笑罢了,仅此而已。”我说

53. “试试大衣吧,”我说。

54. “他照办了。大衣埋住了他的耳朵,下摆一直垂到他的脚面。他看起来就像一具浣熊的尸体。他高兴地说:“挺合身的。”

55. 我从椅子上站了起来。“成交吗?”我问,并伸出我的手。

56. 他咽了一下口水。“成交,”他说,并跟我握了握手。

57. 第二天晚上,我和波莉进行了第一次约会。这次约会实际上是一次调查。我想弄清楚我要付出多大的努力才能使她的头脑达到我要求的水准。我先带她去吃饭。“嘿,这顿饭可真美味,”我们离开餐馆时她说。然后我带她去看电影。“嘿,这电影真好看,”我们走出电影院时她说。最后我送她回家。和我道别时她说:“嘿,今晚玩得真愉快。”

58. 我怀着沉重的心情回到寝室。我严重低估了这项任务的艰巨性。这姑娘的知识贫乏得

惊人。仅仅给她提供知识是不够的,首先得教她学会思考。这是一项不小的工程,最初我真想把她还给皮蒂算了。但我又想到她那魅力十足的身材、她进屋时的样子和她拿刀叉的姿势,我决定努力一番。

59. 就像做其他事情一样,我开始有计划有步骤地做起这件事来。我给她上起了辑课。正好,我主修法律,同时也在学逻辑学,所以对于要她教的内容我都了如指掌。“波莉”我去接她开始我们的第二次约会时,对她说:“今晚上咱们去‘小山'聊聊吧”。

60. “哦,好极了,”她回答道。对于这姑娘,我要补充一句:很难找到像她这么随和的人。

61. 我们去了“小山”,这是校园情侣们约会的地方。我们坐在了一棵老橡树下,她满怀期待地看着我。“我们聊些什么呢?”她问。

62. “逻辑。”

63. 她仔细想了一会儿,觉得还不错。“好极了,”她说。

64. 逻“辑,”我清了清嗓了,“是思维的科学。在我们能正确地思考之前,我们必须首先学会辨别常见的逻辑谬误。我们今晚就来聊聊这些。”

65. 哇“! ”她喊道,高兴地拍着手。

66. 我皱了皱眉,但还是鼓足勇气继续讲下去。“首先让来我们检验被称为‘绝对判断'的谬误。”

67. “当然可以,”她眨动着眼睫毛急切地催促道。

68. ‘“绝对判断'指的是根据一种无限制条件的概括得出的结论。比如说,运动是有益的,因此人人都应该运动。”

69. 我“同意,”波莉认真地说。“我是说运动太棒了,它能强身健体,还有其他很多好处。”

70. “波莉,”我温和地说,“这种论点是谬误。‘运动有益'是一种无限制条件的概括。比如,假如你得了心脏病,运动不但无益,反而是有害的。很多人都需要遵从医嘱不做运动。你必须给这种概括加以限制。你应该说,一般来说运动是有益的,或者说,运动对大多数人是有益的。否则你就犯了‘绝对判断'的错误。

明白吗?”

71. 不“明白,”她坦白地说。“但这妙极了。再多讲点儿!再多讲点儿!”

72. 如“果你停止拽我的袖子会更好些,”我对她说。等她松开手,我继续说:“下面

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际,千头万绪,最重要的是安排好时间,做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议,或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译:时间真是不好对付,既难以控制好,又很容易浪费掉,当你向前看时,你觉得你的时间用不完。例如,在一个学期的开始,你或许觉得你有许多时间,但到学期快要结束时,你会突然发现时间快用光了,你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完,这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢?控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译:时间是危险的,如果你控制不了时间,时间就会控制你,如果你不能让时间为你服务,它就会起反作用。所以,你必须成为时间的主人,而不是它的奴仆,作为刚入学的大学生,妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译:时间是珍贵的,浪费时间是个坏习惯,这就像毒品一样,你越浪费时间,就越容易继续浪费下去,如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会,你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译:抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间,不要把事情推到明天或是下周,在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.

山东自考英语二课文翻译

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NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法:“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情,你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人,这话可能是真的。但是,20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得,那就是:上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代,加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而,加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年,罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长,他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说,大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里,大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去,大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国,巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟,发动了一场大罢工,最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方,上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味,初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书,看你的第一部独立影人电影,或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光,你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了?大学怎么了?现在,政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力,而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然,一点不假,高等教育仍然重要。例如,在英国,布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50%的30岁以下的人上大学的目标(即使愤世嫉俗的人会说,这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外)。不过,大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今,大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学,但大多数已经有些麻木,还是坚持混到毕业,因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛,如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查,研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是:课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式,以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段,是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会,上大学本身不再是目的,不再是给你提供一个机会,让你暂时想象一下:你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了,大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里,现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户,因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今,大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友,没问题,我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

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Presenting a speech (做演讲) Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识, knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”,具有特殊的用途,这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者,必须知道词语的具体含义,也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定,请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候,要不断地问自己:“我到底要说什么?我到底想表达什么意思?”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words (that are known to the average person and require no specialized background); by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思(抓到你的点)。要做到这一点,就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语;多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇;还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery,or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things (that are essentially different yet have something in common); it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit

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