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中文引用格式

中文引用格式
中文引用格式

[序号]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者(任选).原文献题名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年.析出文献起止页码.例如:

https://www.doczj.com/doc/89683540.html,/resdoc/p04_c08_s2.html

MLA LIST OF WORKS CITED

An alphabetized list of works cited, which appears at the end of your research paper, gives publication information for each of the sources you have cited in the paper. (For information about preparing the list, click here; for a sample list of works cited, click here.)

Unless your instructor asks for them, omit sources not actually cited in the paper, even if you read them.

MLA requires the medium of publication in all works cited entries, usually at the end of the entry: for example, "Print," "Web," "Television," "Film," "Lecture." (See specific items throughout this section.)

General guidelines for listing authors

Alphabetize entries in the list of works cited by authors' last names (or by title if a work has no author). The author's name is important because citations in the text of the paper refer to it and readers will be looking for it at the beginning of an entry in the alphabetized list.

NAME CITED IN TEXT

According to Matt Sundeen, . . .

BEGINNING OF WORKS CITED ENTRY

Sundeen, Matt.

Items 1–5 show how to begin an entry for a work with a single author, multiple authors, a corporate author, an unknown author, and multiple works by the same author. What comes after this first element of your citation will depend on the kind of source you are citing. (See items 6–60.)

NOTE: For a book, an entry in the works cited list will sometimes begin with an editor (see item 9).

1. SINGLE AUTHOR For a work with one author, begin with the author's last name, followed by a comma; then give the author's first name, followed by a period.

Tannen, Deborah.

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2. MULTIPLE AUTHORS For works with two or three authors, name the authors in the order in which they are listed in the source. Reverse the name of only the first author.

Walker, Janice R., and Todd Taylor.

Wilmut, Ian, Keith Campbell, and Colin Tudge.

For a work with four or more authors, either name all of the authors or name the first author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others").

Sloan, Frank A., Emily M. Stout, Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein, and Lan

Liang.

Sloan, Frank A., et al.

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3. CORPORATE AUTHOR When the author of a print document or Web site is a corporation, a government agency, or some other organization, begin your entry with the name of the group.

First Union.

United States. Bureau of the Census.

American Automobile Association.

NOTE: Your in-text citation should also treat the organization as the author (see item 9).

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4. UNKNOWN AUTHOR When the author of a work is unknown, begin with the work's title. Titles of articles and other short works, such as brief documents from Web sites, are put in quotation marks. Titles of books and other long works, such as entire Web sites, are italicized.

Article or other short work

"Media Giants."

Book, entire Web site, or other long work

Atlas of the World.

Before concluding that the author of a Web source is unknown, check carefully (see the tip in in-text citations). Also remember that an organization may be the author (see item 3).

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5. TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR If your list of works cited includes two or more works by the same author, first alphabetize the works by title (ignoring the article A, An, or The at the beginning of a title). Use the author's name for the first entry only; for subsequent entries, use three hyphens followed by a period. The three hyphens must stand for exactly the same name or names as in the first entry.

García, Cristina. The Agüero Sisters. New York: Ballantine, 1998. Print.

---. Monkey Hunting. New York: Ballantine, 2003. Print.

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Books

Items 6–19 apply to print books. For online books, see item 29.

Citation at a glance: Book

6. BASIC FORMAT FOR A BOOK For most books, arrange the information into four units, each followed by a period and one space: the author's name; the title and subtitle, italicized; the place of publication, the publisher, and the date; and the medium.

Tan, Amy. The Bonesetter's Daughter. New York: Putnam, 2001. Print.

Take the information about the book from its title page and copyright page. Use a short form of the publisher's name; omit terms such as Press, Inc., and Co. except when naming university presses (Harvard UP, for example). If the copyright page lists more than one date, use the most recent one.

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7. AUTHOR WITH AN EDITOR Begin with the author and title, followed by the name of the editor. In this case the abbreviation "Ed." means "Edited by," so it is the same for one or multiple editors.

Plath, Sylvia. The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath. Ed. Karen V.

Kukil. New York: Anchor-Doubleday, 2000. Print.

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8. AUTHOR WITH A TRANSLATOR Begin with the name of the author. After the title, write "Trans." (for "Translated by") and the name of the translator.

Allende, Isabel. Daughter of Fortune. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. New York: Harper, 2000. Print.

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9. EDITOR An entry for a work with an editor is similar to that for a work with an author except that the name is followed by a comma and the abbreviation "ed." for "editor" (or "eds." for "editors").

Craig, Patricia, ed. The Oxford Book of Travel Stories. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996. Print.

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10. WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY Begin with (1) the name of the author of the selection, not with the name of the editor. Then give (2) the title of the selection; (3) the title of the anthology; (4) the name of the editor (preceded by "Ed." for "Edited by"); (5) publication information; (6) the pages on which the selection appears; and (7) the medium.

If you use two or more selections from the same anthology, provide an entry for the entire anthology (see item 9) and give a shortened entry for each selection. Begin with the author and title of the selection; follow with the editor(s) of the anthology and the page number(s) on which the selection appears: Use the medium of publication only in the entry for the complete anthology. Alphabetize the entries in the list of works cited by authors' last names.

Desai, Anita. "Scholar and Gypsy." Craig 251-73.

Malouf, David. "The Kyogle Line." Craig 390-96.

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11. EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST Include the number of the edition after the title (or after any translators or editors after the title): 2nd ed., 3rd ed., and so on.

Auletta, Ken. The Underclass. 2nd ed. Woodstock: Overlook, 2000. Print.

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12. MULTIVOLUME WORK Include the total number of volumes before the city and publisher, using the abbreviation "vols." If the volumes were published over several years, give the inclusive dates of publication. The abbreviation "Ed." means "Edited by," so it is the same for one or multiple editors.

Stark, Freya. Letters. Ed. Lucy Moorehead. 8 vols. Salisbury: Compton,

1974-82. Print.

If you cite only one volume in your paper, include the volume number before the city and give the date for that volume. After the date, give the medium and the total number of volumes.

Stark, Freya. Letters. Ed. Lucy Moorehead. Vol. 5. Salisbury: Compton,

1978. Print. 8 vols.

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13. ENCYCLOPEDIA OR DICTIONARY ENTRY When an encyclopedia or a dictionary is well known, simply list the author of the entry (if there is one), the title of the entry, the title of the reference work, the edition number (if any), the date of the edition, and the medium.

Posner, Rebecca. "Romance Languages." The New Encyclopaedia

Britannica: Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1987. Print.

"Sonata." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.

4th ed. 2000. Print.

Volume and page numbers are not necessary because the entries in the source are arranged alphabetically and therefore are easy to locate.

If a reference work is not well known, provide full publication information as well.

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14. SACRED TEXT Give the title of the edition of the sacred text (taken from the title page), italicized; the editor's or translator's name (if any); publication information; and the medium. Add the name of the version, if there is one.

The Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. Ed. Herbert G. May and

Bruce M. Metzger. New York: Oxford UP, 1965. Print. Rev. Standard

Vers.

The Qur'an: Translation. Trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Elmhurst: Tahrike,

2000. Print

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15. FOREWORD, INTRODUCTION, PREFACE, OR AFTERWORD Begin with the author of the foreword or other book part, followed by the name of that part. Then give the title of the book; the author of the book, preceded by the word "By"; and the editor of the book (if any). After the publication information, give the page numbers for the part of the book being cited and the medium.

Morris, Jan. Introduction. Letters from the Field, 1925-1975.

By Margaret Mead. New York: Perennial-Harper, 2001.

xix-xxiii. Print.

If the book part being cited has a title, include it in quotation marks immediately after the author's name.

Ozick, Cynthia. "Portrait of the Essay as a Warm Body." Introduction.

The Best American Essays 1998. Ed. Ozick. Boston: Houghton,

1998. xv-xxi. Print.

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16. BOOK WITH A TITLE IN ITS TITLE If the book contains a title normally italicized, neither italicize the internal title nor place it in quotation marks.

King, John N. Milton and Religious Controversy: Satire and Polemic in

Paradise Lost. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.

If the title within the title is normally put in quotation marks, retain the quotation marks and italicize the entire title.

Hawkins, Hunt, and Brian W. Shaffer, eds. Approaches to Teaching

Conrad's Heart of Darkness and "The Secret Sharer." New York:

MLA, 2002. Print.

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17. BOOK IN A SERIES At the end of the entry, give the series name as it appears on the title page, followed by the series number, if any.

Malena, Anne. The Dynamics of Identity in Francophone Caribbean

Narrative. New York: Lang, 1998. Francophone Cultures and Lits.

Ser. 24. Print.

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18. REPUBLISHED BOOK After the title of the book, cite the original publication date, followed by the current publication information. If the republished book contains new material, such as an introduction or afterword, include information about the new material after the original date.

Hughes, Langston. Black Misery. 1969. Afterword Robert O'Meally. New

York: Oxford UP, 2000. Print.

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19. PUBLISHER'S IMPRINT If a book was published by an imprint (a division) of a publishing company, link the name of the imprint and the name of the publisher with a

hyphen, putting the imprint first.

Truan, Barry. Acoustic Communication. Westport: Ablex-Greenwood,

2000. Print.

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Articles in periodicals

This section shows how to prepare works cited entries for articles in magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers. In addition to consulting the models in this section, you will at times need to turn to other models as well:

More than one author: see item 2

Corporate author: see item 3

Unknown author: see item 4

Online article: see items 32 and 33

Article from a database: see item 31

Put titles of articles in quotation marks; italicize the titles of magazines, journals, and newspapers. For dates requiring a month, abbreviate all months except May, June, and July. Add the medium at the end of the entry.

For articles appearing on consecutive pages, provide the range of pages (see items 21 and 22). When an article does not appear on consecutive pages, give the number of the first page followed by a plus sign: 32+.

Citation at a glance: Article in a periodical

20. ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINE If the magazine is issued monthly, give just the month and year.

Fay, J. Michael. "Land of the Surfing Hippos." National Geographic Aug.

2004: 100+. Print.

If the magazine is issued weekly, give the exact date.

Lord, Lewis. "There's Something about Mary Todd." US News and World

Report 19 Feb. 2001: 53. Print.

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21. ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL PAGINATED BY VOLUME Give both volume and issue numbers for all journals, even those with pagination that continues through all issues of the volume. Separate the volume and issue numbers with a period.

Ryan, Katy. "Revolutionary Suicide in Toni Morrison's Fiction." African

American Review 34.3 (2000): 389-412. Print.

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22. ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL PAGINATED BY ISSUE Give both volume and issue numbers, separated with a period.

Wood, Michael. "Broken Dates: Fiction and the Century." Kenyon Review

22.3 (2000): 50-64. Print.

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23. ARTICLE IN A DAILY NEWSPAPER Include the section letter if it is part of the page number in the newspaper.

Brummitt, Chris. "Indonesia's Food Needs Expected to Soar." Boston

Globe 1 Feb. 2005: A7. Print.

If the section is marked with a number rather than a letter, handle the entry as follows:

Wilford, John Noble. "In a Golden Age of Discovery, Faraway Worlds

Beckon." New York Times 9 Feb. 1997, late ed., sec. 1: 1+. Print.

When an edition of the newspaper is specified on the masthead, name the edition (eastern ed., late ed., natl. ed., and so on), as in the example just given.

If the city of publication is not obvious, include it in brackets after the name of the newspaper: Courier-Journal [Louisville].

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24. EDITORIAL IN A NEWSPAPER Cite an editorial as you would an article with an unknown author, adding the word "Editorial" after the title.

"All Wet." Editorial. Boston Globe 12 Feb. 2001: A14. Print.

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25. LETTER TO THE EDITOR Name the writer, followed by the word "Letter" and the publication information for the periodical in which the letter appears.

Shrewsbury, Toni. Letter. Atlanta Journal-Constitution 17 Feb. 2001: A13. Print.

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26. BOOK OR FILM REVIEW Name the reviewer and the title of the review, if any, followed by the words "Rev. of" and the title and author or director of the work reviewed. Add the publication information for the periodical in which the review appears.

Gleick, Elizabeth. "The Burdens of Genius." Rev. of The Last Samurai, by Helen DeWitt. Time 4 Dec. 2000: 171. Print.

Denby, David. "On the Battlefield." Rev. of The Hurricane, dir. Norman

Jewison. New Yorker 10 Jan. 2000: 90-92. Print.

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Online sources

This section shows how to prepare works cited entries for a variety of online sources, including Web sites, online books, articles in online periodicals and databases, blogs, wikis, podcasts, and e-mail.

MLA guidelines assume that readers can locate most online sources by entering the author, title, or other identifying information in a search engine or a database. Consequently, MLA does not require a Web address (URL) in citations for online sources. Some instructors may require a URL; for an example, see the note at the end of item 27.

MLA style calls for a sponsor or publisher for most online sources. If a source has no sponsor or publisher, use the abbreviation "N.p." (for "No publisher”) in the sponsor position. If there is no date of publication or update, use "n.d." (for "no date”) after the sponsor. For an article in an online scholarly journal or an article from a database, give page numbers if they are available; if they are not, use the abbreviation "n. pag." (See item 32.)

27. ENTIRE WEB SITE Begin with the name of the author, editor, or corporate author (if known) and the title of the site, italicized. Then give the sponsor and the date of publication or last update. End with the medium and your date of access.

With author or editor

Peterson, Susan Lynn. The Life of Martin Luther. Susan Lynn Peterson, 2005. Web. 24 Jan. 2009.

Halsall, Paul, ed. Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham U, 22

Sept. 2001. Web. 19 Jan. 2009.

With corporate (group) author

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water

Standards. EPA, 8 July 2004. Web. 24 Jan. 2005.

Author unknown

Margaret Sanger Papers Project. History Dept., New York U, 18 Oct.

2000. Web. 6 Jan. 2009.

If a site has no title, substitute a description, such as "Home page," for the title. Do not italicize the words or put them in quotation marks.

Yoon, Mina. Home page. Oak Ridge Natl. Laboratory, 28 Dec. 2006.

Web. 12 Jan. 2009.

NOTE: If your instructor requires a URL for Web sources, include the URL, enclosed in angle brackets, at the end of the entry. If you must divide a URL at the end of a line in a works cited entry, break it after a slash. Do not insert a hyphen.

Peterson, Susan Lynn. The Life of Martin Luther. Susan Lynn Peterson, 2005. Web. 24 Jan. 2009.

index_files/luther.htm>.

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28. SHORT WORK FROM A WEB SITE Short works are articles, poems, and other documents that are not book length or that appear as internal pages on a Web site. Include the following elements: author's name; title of the short work, in quotation marks; title of the site, italicized; sponsor of the site; date of publication or last update; medium; and your date of access.

With author

Shiva, Vandana. "Bioethics: A Third World Issue." NativeWeb.

NativeWeb, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2004.

Author unknown

"Media Giants." Frontline: The Merchants of Cool. PBS Online, 2001.

Web. 7 Feb. 2005.

Citation at a glance: Short work from a Web site up to directory menu

29. ONLINE BOOK Cite a book or a book-length work, such as a play or a long poem, as you would a short work from a Web site (see item 28), but italicize the title of the work.

Milton, John. Paradise Lost: Book I. https://www.doczj.com/doc/89683540.html,. Poetry

Foundation, 2008. Web. 14 Dec. 2008.

Give the print publication information for the work, if available (see items 6–19), followed by the title of the Web site, the medium, and your date of access.

Jacobs, Harriet A. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by

Herself. Ed. L. Maria Child. Boston, 1861. Documenting the

American South. Web. 3 Feb. 2009.

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30. PART OF AN ONLINE BOOK Place the part title before the book's title. If the part is a chapter or a short work such as a poem or an essay, put its title in quotation marks. If the

part is an introduction or another division of the book, do not use quotation marks. (See also item 15.) Following the publication information, give the page numbers for the part (or use "N. pag." if the work is not paginated). End with the Web site on which you found the work, the medium, and your date of access.

Adams, Henry. "Diplomacy." The Education of Henry Adams. By Adams.

Boston: Houghton, 1918. N. pag. https://www.doczj.com/doc/89683540.html,: Great Books

Online. Web. 8 Jan. 2009.

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31. WORK FROM A DATABASE For sources retrieved from a library's subscription database, first list the publication information for the source (see items 20–26). Then give the name of the database, italicized; the medium; and your date of access.

Johnson, Kirk. "The Mountain Lions of Michigan." Endangered Species

Update 19.2 (2002): 27-31. Expanded Academic Index. Web. 26

Nov. 2008.

Barrera, Rebeca María. "A Case for Bilingual Education." Scholastic

Parent and Child Nov.-Dec. 2004: 72-73. Academic Search Premier.

Web. 1 Feb. 2009.

Williams, Jeffrey J. "Why Today's Publishing World Is Reprising the

Past." Chronicle of Higher Education 13 June 2008: 8+. LexisNexis

Academic. Web. 29 Sept. 2008.

When you access a work through a personal subscription service, such as America Online, give the same information as for a library subscription database.

Citation at a glance: Article from a database up to directory menu

32. ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE JOURNAL When citing an article in an online journal, give

publication information as for a print journal (see items 21 and 22), using "n. pag." if the source does not have page numbers. Then give the medium and your date of access.

Belau, Linda. "Trauma and the Material Signifier." Postmodern Culture

11.2 (2001): n. pag. Web. 20 Feb. 2009.

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33. ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE MAGAZINE OR NEWSPAPER Give the author; the title of the article (in quotation marks); the title of the magazine or newspaper (italicized); the sponsor or publisher of the site (use "N.p." if there is none); the date of publication; the medium; and your date of access.

Online magazine

Paulson, Steve. "Buddha on the Brain." https://www.doczj.com/doc/89683540.html,. Salon Media Group,

27 Nov. 2006. Web. 18 Jan. 2009.

Online newspaper

Rubin, Joel. "Report Faults Charter School." Los Angeles Times. Los

Angeles Times, 22 Jan. 2005. Web. 24 Jan. 2009.

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34. ENTIRE WEBLOG (BLOG)Cite a blog as you would an entire Web site (see item 27). Give the author's name; the title of the blog, italicized; the sponsor or publisher of the blog (use "N.p." if there is none); and the date of the most recent update. Then give the medium and your date of access.

Mayer, Caroline. The Checkout. Washington Post, 27 Apr. 2006. Web. 19

Jan. 2009.

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35. ENTRY IN A WEBLOG (BLOG)Cite an entry or a comment (a response to an entry) in

a blog as you would a short work from a We

b site (see item 28). If the entry or comment has no title, use the label "Weblog entry" or "Weblog comment." Follow with the title of the

blog, italicized, and the remaining information as for an entire blog in item 33.

Mayer, Caroline. "Some Surprising Findings about Identity Theft." The

Checkout. Washington Post, 28 Feb. 2006. Web. 19 Jan. 2009.

Burdick, Dennis. Weblog comment. The Checkout. Washington Post, 28

Feb. 2006. Web. 19 Jan. 2009.

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36. CD-ROM Treat a CD-ROM as you would any other source, but add the medium ("CD-ROM"). For a book on CD-ROM, add the medium after the publication information.

"Pimpernel." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.

4th ed. Boston: Houghton, 2000. CD-ROM.

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37. E-MAIL To cite an e-mail, begin with the writer's name and the subject line. Then write "Message to" followed by the name of the recipient. End with the date of the message and the medium.

Wilde, Lisa. "Review Questions." Message to the author. 15 Mar. 2009.

E-mail.

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38. POSTING TO AN ONLINE DISCUSSION LIST When possible, cite archived versions of postings. If you cannot locate an archived version, keep a copy of the posting for your records. Begin with the author's name, followed by the title or subject line, in quotation marks (use the label "Online posting" if the posting has no title); the title of the Web site on which the discusson list is found, italicized; the sponsor or publisher of the site (use "N.p." if there is none); the date of publication; the medium; and your date of access.

Fainton, Peter. "Re: Backlash against New Labour." Media Lens Message Board. Media Lens, 7 May 2008. Web. 2 June 2008.

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Multimedia sources (including online versions)

Multimedia sources include visuals (such as works of art), audio works (such as sound recordings), audiovisuals (such as films), podcasts, and live events.

Give the medium for all multimedia sources, usually at the end of the citation and not italicized or in quotation marks (for instance, "Print," "Web," "Radio," "Television," "CD," "Audiocassette," "Film," "Videocassette," "DVD," "Performance," "Lecture," "PDF file," "Microsoft Word file," "JPEG file").

39. WORK OF ART Cite the artist's name; the title of the artwork, italicized; the date of composition; the medium of composition (for instance, "Lithograph on paper," "Photograph," "Charcoal on paper"); and the institution and city in which the artwork is located. For artworks found online, omit the medium of composition and include the title of the Web site, the medium, and your date of access.

Constable, John. Dedham Vale. 1802. Oil on canvas. Victoria and

Albert Museum, London.

van Gogh, Vincent. The Starry Night. 1889. Museum of Mod. Art,

New York. MoMA: The Museum of Modern Art. Web. 14

Jan. 2009.

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40. CARTOON Begin with the cartoonist's name; the title of the cartoon (if it has one) in quotation marks; the word "Cartoon" or "Comic strip"; publication information; and the medium. To cite an online cartoon, instead of publication information give the title of the Web site; the sponsor or publisher; the date; the medium; and your date of access.

Sutton, Ward. "Why Wait 'til November?" Cartoon. Village Voice 7-13

July 2004: 6. Print.

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41. ADVERTISEMENT Name the product or company being advertised, followed by the word "Advertisement." Give publication information for the source in which the advertisement appears.

Truth by Calvin Klein. Advertisement. Vogue Dec. 2000: 95-98. Print.

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42. MAP OR CHART Cite a map or a chart as you would a book or a short work within a longer work. Use the word "Map" or "Chart" following the title. Add the medium and, for an online source, the sponsor or publisher and the date of access.

Joseph, Lori, and Bob Laird. "Driving While Phoning Is Dangerous."

Chart. USA Today 16 Feb. 2001: 1A. Print.

Serbia. Map. Syrena Maps. Syrena, 2 Feb. 2001. Web. 17 Mar. 2009.

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43. MUSICAL SCORE For both print and online versions, begin with the composer's name; the title of the work, italicized; and the date of composition. For a print source, give the place of publication; the name of the publisher and date of publication; and the medium. For an online source, give the title of the Web site; the publisher or sponsor of the site; the date of Web publication; the medium; and your date of access.

Handel, G. F. Messiah: An Oratorio. N.d. CCARH Publications: Scores and Parts. Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities,

2003. Web. 5 Jan. 2009.

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44. SOUND RECORDING Begin with the name of the person you want to emphasize: the composer, conductor ("Cond."), or performer ("Perf."). For a long work, give the title, italicized; the names of pertinent artists (such as performers, readers, or musicians); and the orchestra and conductor, if relevant. End with the manufacturer, the date, and the medium.

Bizet, Georges. Carmen. Perf. Jennifer Laramore, Thomas Moser, Angela Gheorghiu, and Samuel Ramey. Bavarian State Orch. and Chorus.

Cond. Giuseppe Sinopoli. Warner, 1996. CD.

For a song, put the title in quotation marks. If you include the name of the album, italicize it.

Blige, Mary J. "Be without You." The Breakthrough. Geffen, 2005. CD.

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45. FILM OR VIDEO Begin with the title, italicized. Cite the director ("Dir.") and the lead actors or narrator ("Perf." or "Narr."); the distributor; th e year of the film’s release; and the medium ("Videocassette," "DVD," "Film").

Finding Neverland. Dir. Marc Forster. Perf. Johnny Depp, Kate Winslet,

Julie Christie, Radha Mitchell, and Dustin Hoffman. Miramax,

2004. DVD.

The Hours. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Perf. Meryl Streep, Julianne Moore, and

Nicole Kidman. Paramount, 2002. Film.

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46. RADIO OR TELEVISION PROGRAM Begin with the title of the radio segment or television episode (if there is one) in quotation marks, followed by the title of the program, italicized. Next give relevant information about the program's writer ("By"), director ("Dir."), performers ("Perf."), or host ("Host"). Then name the network, the local station (if any) and location, the date of broadcast, and the medium ("Television," "Radio"). For a program you accessed online, after the information about the program give the network, the date, the title of the Web site, the medium ("Web"), and the date of access.

"New Orleans." American Experience. Narr. Jeffrey Wright. PBS. WGBH, Boston, 12 Feb. 2007. Television.

"Elif Shafak: Writing under a Watchful Eye." Fresh Air. Host Terry Gross.

Natl. Public Radio, 6 Feb. 2007. https://www.doczj.com/doc/89683540.html,. Web. 22 Feb. 2009.

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47. RADIO OR TELEVISION INTERVIEW Begin with the name of the person who was interviewed, followed by the word "Interview" and the interviewer's name. End with the information about the program as in item 46.

中文发表论文格式.doc

中文发表论文格式 期刊发表论文多少字好格式要求?中国58期刊网编辑介绍,一般的普通期刊字数要求都在3000字左右(即3—4页),核心期刊一般对论文字数要求比较高,在5000—6000字左右。具体情况各种杂志有不同限制,可以咨询专业编辑进行了解。 1、论文基本组成部分: 标题;单位、姓名;摘要;关键词;引言;正文;注释或参考文献。 2、论文标题 回答本文关于什么?最佳文题的标准是用最少的必要的术语去准 确描述论文的内容。基本写作要求是准确、简洁和有效。论文的标题必须确切地概括论文的论点或中心内容,做到文题相符,含义明确。标题必须意思清楚、言简意赅地概括反映论文所讨论的内容。一则好的标题应该确切、鲜明、扼要地概括论文的基本思想,使读者在未看论文的摘要和正文之前即能迅速准确地判明论文的基本内容,从而做出是否阅读摘要和正文的判断。 3、作者及单位 回答谁参与了本研究的设计、工作及论文的撰写,一般以对文章贡献大小排列。作者单位一般要求写至二级,如XX大学Xx学院。作者简介应按所投期刊要求撰写。基金项目名称要准确,并注明编号。 4、摘要 摘要的内容包括研究的目的、方法、结果和结论。一般应写成报道

性文摘,也可以写成指示性或报道一指示性文摘。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,应是一篇完整的短文。不用图表和非公知公用的符号或术语,不得引用图、表、公式和参考文献的序号。摘要是论文要点的浓缩。因此,应在文章各主要部分完成后再写,这样有利于文章要点的提炼。 优秀的摘要应能有效地抓住读者的兴趣。假设不是综述性文章,文章的英文摘要可以按照报道性文摘去写,即按objeetive(目的)、Methods (方法)、Results(结果)和Conelusions(结论)逐一阐述论文的梗概。时态主要是以一般现在时为主,也使用一般过去时和现在完成时。 5、关键词 关键词主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要,以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。关键词是标示文献关键主题内容,但尽量少用不规范的主题词或新造词。 关键词是为了文献标引工作,从论文中选取出来,用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一个刊物增加关键词这一项,就为该刊物提高引用率、增加知名度开辟了一个新的途径。一篇论文可选取3一8个词作为关键词。 6、引言 引言的内容可包括研究的目的、意义、主要方法、范围和背景等。引言作为学术论文的开场白,应以简短的文字介绍写作背景和目的,以及相关领域内前人所做的工作和研究的概况,说明本研究与前人工作的关系,目前研究的热点和存在的问题,以便读者了解该文的概貌,起导读的作用。

汉语言文学本科毕业论文格式要求范文

附件四:汉语言文学本科毕业论文格式要求 一、统一使用A4纸打印、装订。毕业论文题目为三号黑体,正文小标题为四号黑体字,正文为五号宋体字。学生应当将毕业论文制作成WORD电子文档(要求提供电子稿)。 二、毕业论文形式要完整,应当包括封面、目录、论文摘要(100-300字)、关键词(3到5个)、正文、注释、参考文献等。 1、封面:省校统一印制。 2、目录:“目录”四号黑体。标注正文小标题的所在页码为五号黑体。 3、论文题目:应简短明确、有概括性,不宜太大,字数要适当,一般不宜超过20个汉字,可以用正副标题的形式。 4、论文摘要(中文):100-300字,不编页码。 5、关键词:是表达论文主题内容信息的常用单词或术语,关键词数量一般不超过5个。论文摘要和关键词占1页。 6、正文:正文小标题为四号黑体字,正文为五号宋体字。段首空2格。有页码。 7、注释:采用尾注或脚注形式,全文的注释不得少于3个,形式如下: (1)《中国现当代文学研究》(月刊)第25页,2004年第3期。 (2)《中国现代文学三十年》,钱理群著,北京大学出版社,1998年第1版,整理自第20-30页。 8、参考文献:不得少于3个,形式如下: (1)陈敢《论散文题材的现代性》,《理论与创作》2000年第4期。 (2)《汪曾祺文集》,江苏文艺出版社,1993年9月第1版。 附:范文一篇 1.因封面由省校统一印制,此范文仅从“目录”开始。 2.正文需单独编辑页码。 3.可根据论文实际要求编辑格式(如页边距、行距、段间距等),力求文章脉络清晰,阅读方便。 目录 论文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………

中文论文格式模板

文章题目* ——副标题 第一作者1, 2,第二作者1,第三作者2 1. 单位,省市邮编 2. 单位,省市邮编 摘要:中文摘要… 关键词:中文关键词1;中文关键词2;中文关键词3;… Paper Title ——Subtitle as needed First Author 1, 2, Second Author * 1, Third Author 2 1. Department/School, University/Affiliation, City, Country, Zip code 2. Department/School, University/Affiliation, City, Country, Zip code Email:e-mail address of corresponding author Abstract: The English abstract.... Keywords: Keyword 1; Keyword 2; Keyword 3; … 引言 文章中的英文及数字均为Times New Roman字体。文章内容采用五号宋体,行距为固定值17磅。全文字数在5000~8000字为宜。页边距设置:上下为2.3cm,左右为1.5cm。页眉页脚边距为1.5cm,页眉页脚字号为9号、Arial字体。其中,为18号、Bauhaus 93字体,Full Journal Name加粗。 引言应以简短的篇幅介绍论文的写作背景和目的,以及相关领域内前人所做的工作概况,说明本研究与前人工作的关系,目前研究的热点、存在的问题及作者工作的意义。引言最好不要分段论述,不要出现插图、表格和数学公式的推导。 1内容及标号撰写 正文作为学术论文的核心组成部分,应充分阐明全部的实验过程及研究结果。一般包括:研究内容、研究方法、研究目的、研究结果分析、讨论等内容。根据需要,正文可以分层深入,逐层剖析,按层设分层标题。文章标题分为三级。 一级标题采用四号黑体,段前12磅,段后6磅,除引言(或前言,段前18磅,段后6磅)、致谢外的一级标题皆用序号“1,2,…”标注。参考文献采用五号黑体,居中,段前12磅,段后6磅。 二级标题采用小四号黑体,段前9磅,段后6磅,用序号“1.1,1.2,…”标注。 三级标题采用五号黑体,段前6磅,段后6磅,用序号“1.1.1,1.1.2,…”标注。标题编号应顶格书写。 1.1中英文标题、基金 文章的中文标题一般不超过20个字(采用二号黑体,居中,单倍行距,段前段后8磅),可添加副标题*基金资助:受**支持资助。

APA_论文格式中文版

页头书名:论文短标题(不超过 50 个字符) 标题 作者 作者关系

摘要 摘要应该是一个段落,不能超过 120 个字。它概括了论文中最重要的组成部分。除作为句子起头的数字之外,摘要中所有数字都应该以阿拉伯数字而不是文字的形式输入。要统计本段的字数,可以选择该段落,然后在“工具”菜单上单击“字数统计”。

论文标题 论文的开头是序言。在写作时应使用主动语态,不要用被动语态。 该模板的格式遵照 APA 样式准则:上、下、左、右的页边距都为 1 英寸;字体为“宋体”,大小为 12 磅;2 倍行距;左对齐;段落缩进 5-7 个空格。页码显示在距每页首行右侧 1 英寸的位置,不包括图页。 标题 使用标题和副标题组织论文的各个部分。第一级标题的格式是首字母大写并且在页面上居中。不要为每个标题另起一页。 副标题 副标题的格式为斜体,左对齐。 引用 论文正文所引用的原始著作必须注明作者和日期。论文正文后面的引用列表中会列出整个原著的引用。当原著作者姓名是句子形式结构的一部分时,出版年份应该在作者姓名后用括号标明,例如,Smith (2001)。当原著作者姓名不是句子形式结构的组成部分时,作者及出版年份都可以放在括号内,用分号隔开,例如:(Smith 和 Jones,2001;Anderson、Charles 和 Johnson,2003)。当引用的原著有 3 到 5 个作者时,第一次引用时须注明所有作者。再次引用时,只须提及第一个作者的姓名,后面注明“等人”字样。请参见下一段中的举例。 使用此标准 APA 样式“将会给导师留下良好的印象”(Smith, 2001)。Anderson 教授(Anderson、Charles 和 Johnson,2003)在 2003 年也确认了这一点。

中文论文格式要求

《同济大学学报》(自然科学版)论文格式要求 1 论文名称、作者姓名、作者单位名、单位所在城市名、摘要、关键词、中图分类号 文稿必须包括中英文题名、中英文作者姓名、中英文作者单位名、中英文单位所在城市名及邮政编码;必须包括中英文摘要、中英文关键词(3~5个)。以上英文内容单独放在中文关键词之后正文之前。 中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,避免使用"…的研究"等非特定词,不使用副题名。英文题名应与中文题名含义一致,开头不用定冠词。 论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要,即应包括研究目的、方法和过程、结果和结论(中文一般不少于200字),采用第三人称写法,不要使用"本文"、"作者"等作为主语,避免图表、公式和参考文献的序号。英文摘要应与中文摘要文意一致,采用被动语态表述。 中文关键词选词要规范,应尽量从汉语主题词表中选取,不能采用英文缩写。英文关键词应与中文关键词一一对应,也不能采用英文缩写。 2 正文 正文篇幅一般在1万字以内,包括简短引言、论述分析、结果和结论等内容。文中出现的外文缩写除公知公用的首次出现一律应标有中文翻译或外文全称。 文中图、表应有自明性,且随文出现。图表名前要有序号,图表名下方必须有该图表名的英文翻译。图中文字、符号、坐标中的标值和标值线必须写清,所有出现的数值都应标有明确的量与单位。文中表格一律采用"三线表"。 文中有关量与单位必须符合国家标准和国际标准。用单个斜体外文字母表示(国家标准中专门规定的有关特征值除外;如要表示量的状态、序位、条件等,可对该单个字母加上下角标、阿拉伯数字以及“′”“^”等),避免用中文表示。 正文章节编号采用三级标题顶格排序。一级标题形如1,2,3,…排序;二级标题形如1.1,1.2,1.3,…排序;三级标题形如1.1.1,1.1.2,1.1.3,…排序;引言不排序。 3 参考文献 参考文献应是国内外正式公开发表的并且在文中切确引用的专著、期刊文章、论文集文章、学位论文、报告、报纸文章、国家(国际)标准、专利、电子文献(网络、磁带、磁盘、光盘)等等,按文中引用的先后顺序编号。参考文献的著录格式如下: 专著作者名. 书名. 版本(第1版不著录). 出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码. 期刊作者名. 题名. 刊名,出版年,卷(期):起止页码. 论文集作者名. 题名. 论文集编者名(可不著录). 论文集名. 出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码. 学位论文作者名. 题名. 保存地点:保存单位,年份.

一般论文格式模板

中文题目[MM1] 作者班级,学号姓名邮箱地址[MM2] 摘要:摘要内容(包括目的、方法、结果和结论四要素) [MM3]请作者重视摘要的 写作 关键词:关键词1; 关键词2;关键词3;……(一般可选3~8个关键词,用中文表示,不用英文,分号隔开) 正文部分用小四号宋体字,分两栏排,其中图表宽度不超过8cm.,请参照样本。 设置为A4页面 1 一级标题 (从1编号,引言为可选项,引言编号从0开始。四号黑体) 1.1 二级标题(小5号黑体) 1.1.1 三级标题(小5号楷体) 正文中,图表须注明中英文图题和表题,且在正文中应明确提及(例:如表1所示)。其中图的编号和图题置于图下方的居中位置,表的编号和表题置于表 上方的居中位置,表格采用三线表。 示图尺寸一般为(宽*高):75mm*50mm.黑白绘图,请确保图表中文字清晰。 表1 表题 公式用6号字体(最好横排,如a/b),其中量的符号应采用斜体,矢量、矩阵用黑斜体表示,最好用公式编辑器编辑。函数(单词)用正体小写,第一个 字母小写;单个字母斜体。

定理1(******。)定理内容。(定义、算法等的排版格式与此相同) 证明:*证明过程.* [“例”等的排版格式相同] 结束语(内容勿与摘要或引言雷同) 参考文献:[MM4](参考文献示例参见下页) [1]著者[dell5] .题目[J].刊名(全称,英文期刊名以黑体标志), 出版年,卷号(期号):起始页码. [期刊] [2]著者.书名[M].译者,译.版本项(初版不写)出版地(城市名): 出版者[dell6] , 出版年:起始页码.[书籍] [3]著者.题目:文集实际完整名称,出版年[C].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.[会议录(论文集、论文汇编等)] [4]著者.析出题目[文献类型标志]//整本文献的编者姓名. 文集实际完整名称.版本项.出版地(城市名): 出版者,出版年:起止页码.[析出文献)] [5]著者.题名[D]. 所在城市:学位授予单位, 出版年.[学位论文] [6]著者.题名,报告号[R]. 出版地(城市名): 出版者, 出版年.[科技报告、手册等] [7]著者.准编号标准名称[S].出版地: 出版者,出版年. [8]著者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).[报纸文章] 出版日期按YY-MM-DD格式[9]著者.题名[文献类型标志/电子文献载体标志].(更新日期) [引用日期].获取和访问路径(如https://www.doczj.com/doc/89683540.html,).[电子文献] [10]专利所有者.专利题名:专利国别,专利号[P].公告日期.获取和访问路径. ---------------------------------

中文核心期刊--论文模板

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[2]著者.书名[m].译者,译.版本项(初版不写)出版地(城市名): 出版者[dell6] , 出版 年:起始页码.[书籍] [3]著者.题目:文集实际完整名称,出版年[c].出版地:出版者, 出版年:起止页码.[会议录 (论文集、论文汇编等)] [4]著者.析出题目[文献类型标志]//整本文献的编者姓名. 文集实 际完整名称.版本项.出版地 (城市名): 出版者,出版年:起止页码.[析出文献)] [5]著者.题名[d]. 所在城市:学位授予单位, 出版年.[学位论文][6]著者.题名,报告号[r]. 出版地 (城市名): 出版者, 出版年.[科 技报告、手册等] [7]著者.准编号标准名称[s].出版地: 出版者, 出版年. [8]著者.题名[n].报纸名,出版日期(版次).[报纸文章] 出版 日期按yy-mm-dd格式[9]著者.题名[文献类型标志/电子文献载 体标志].(更新日期) [引用日期].获取和访问路径 (如).[电子文献] [10]专利所有者.专利题名:专利国别,专利号[p].公告日期.获 取和访问路径. --------------------------------- 示例如下: a 期刊 [1]卢浩,胡华平,刘波.恶意软件分类方法研究[j].计算机应用研究,2006,23(9):4-7,12.(卷号黑体) [2]varshney u,vetter r. mobile commerce: framework, applications and networking support[j].mobile networks and applications, 2002, 7(3):185-198. (英文期刊名及卷号黑体) [3]李晓东,张庆红,叶瑾琳.气候学研究的若干理论问题[j].北京大 学学报:自然科学版,1999,35(1):101-106. b 专著 [4]昂温 g,等.外国出版史[m].陈生铮,译.北京:中国书籍出版社,1988. [5]rood h j. logic and structured design for computer programmers[m].3rd ed.[s.l.]:brooks/cole-thomson learning,2001. 无出版地的中文文献标注“出版地不详”,外文文献标注“s.l.”并置于 方括号[ ]内;无出版者的中文文献标注“出版者不详”,外文文献标注“s.n.”并置于[ ]内 c 论文集、会议集

期刊论文格式模板

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1.1.1单击此处输入标题 下接正文。页码采用A4纸型纵向排列,页边距上、下均为3cm,左右均为2.5cm。文字大小规定如下:摘要、作者简介、图名、表名及内容、参考文献均为小五号字,正文中除标题外均为五号字,标题见样例。中文均采用宋体,西文均采用Times New Roman字体。 正文(含图、表)中的物理量和计量单位必须符合国家标准和国际标准。 文中各级标题采用阿拉伯数字分三级编序,且一律左顶格排版。一级标题形如1,2,3,…排序;二级标题形如1.1,1.2,…排序。 文中图、表应有自明性,且随文出现。图以10幅为限。图题、表题应附相应的中、英文名。图中文字、符号或坐标图中的标目、标值须写清。标目应使用符合国家标准的物理量和单位符号。表格一般采用“三线表”,表的内容切忌与插图和文字内容重复。 表1 中文表题居中(表随文出现) 换行时此处对齐 Tab.1 T able title in English(be placed at the center) 基本要求表中文字中文采用小5号宋体,西文采用Times New Roman 字体。 物理量和计算单位表中的物理量和计量单位必须符合国家标准和国际标准 注:表注采用小5号宋体 公式主体居中,编号右对齐,如下所示。 A+ B = C (1) L + M = N (2)

中文学术论文模板(格式标注)

引言内容。引言内容。引言内容。引言内容。引言内引言内容。引言内容。引言内容。引言内容。 1 标题 [1] 。正文、图表中的变量都要用斜体;向量、Times New Roman 。插图线条磅数应在0.5-0.75磅,图表中文字均为六号字;长公式宜在运算符号基金项目:基金项目名称(编号) 作者简介:姓 名1(出生年-), 性别, 籍贯, 民族, 学历, 职称, 职务, 研究方向为……;姓 名2(出生年-), 性别, 籍贯, 民族, 学历, 职称, 职务, 研究方向为……。 0.5-0.75磅,图表中文字均为6号字;长公式宜在运算符号1.1.1 标题正文内容。正文、图表中的变量都要用斜体;向量、矩阵用斜体加粗;英文缩写、计量单位、函数名称、运算符IC1 0.957 0.942 0.963 0.976 IC2 … 0.913 0.936 0.978 IC3 … … 0.966 0.975 2 标题 正文内容。正文、图表中的变量都要用斜体;向量、矩阵用斜体加粗;英文缩写、计量单位、函数名称、运算符号、括号等都要用正体;图表必须有图题、表名;统一全文英文、数字字体为Times New Roman 。插图线条磅数应在0.5-0.75

等用斜体;在特定场合视为常数的参数用斜体;矩阵符号、矢量、张量用加粗斜体;π、e 、i 等数学常数,Δ、矩阵转置T ,括号,标点等要用正体!正文文字与公式及图片要相符。请仔细修改! ?(1)(1)?(1) i i i C j T j U j ++=+ 3 标题 正文内容。正文、图表中的变量都要用斜体;向量、矩阵用斜体加粗;英文缩写、计量单位、函数名称、运算符号、括号等都要用正体;图表必须有图题、表名;统一全文英文、数字字体为Times New Roman 。插图线条磅数应在0.5-0.75磅,图表中文字均为六号字;长公式宜在运算符号后回行。 [7] 主要责任者.新日期/引用日期.[8] 主要责任人.号):起止页码. Shaking without Quaking [J]. Science (S0036-8075), 1998, 279: 2063.

一般论文格式模板

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定理1(******。)定理内容。(定义、算法等的排版格式与此相同) 证明:*证明过程.* [“例”等的排版格式相同] 结束语(内容勿与摘要或引言雷同) 参考文献:[MM4](参考文献示例参见下页) [1]著者[dell5] .题目[J].刊名(全称,英文期刊名以黑体标志), 出版年,卷号(期号):起始页码. [期刊] [2]著者.书名[M].译者,译.版本项(初版不写)出版地(城市名): 出版者[dell6] , 出版年:起始页码.[书籍] [3]著者.题目:文集实际完整名称,出版年[C].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.[会议录(论文集、论文汇编等)] [4]著者.析出题目[文献类型标志]//整本文献的编者姓名. 文集实际完整名称.版本项.出版地(城市名): 出版者,出版年:起止页码.[析出文献)] [5]著者.题名[D]. 所在城市:学位授予单位, 出版年.[学位论文] [6]著者.题名,报告号[R]. 出版地(城市名): 出版者, 出版年.[科技报告、手册等] [7]著者.准编号标准名称[S].出版地: 出版者,出版年. [8]著者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).[报纸文章] 出版日期按YY-MM-DD格式[9]著者.题名[文献类型标志/电子文献载体标志].(更新日期) [引用日期].获取和访问路径(如www..arocmag.).[电子文献] [10]专利所有者.专利题名:专利国别,专利号[P].公告日期.获取和访问路径. ---------------------------------

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手写论文标准格式范文模板

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手写论文格式

(一)题名(Title,Topic) 1、论文格式的论文题目:(下附署名)要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息,也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。论文题目十分重要,必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性,用了下面的一句话:论文题目是文章的一半。对论文题目的要求是:准确得体;简短精炼;外延和内涵恰如其分;醒目。对这四方面的要求分述如下。 1.准确得体 要求论文题目能准确表达论文内容,恰当反映所研究的范围和深度。常见毛病是:过于笼统,题不扣文。关键问题在于题目要紧扣论文内容,或论文内容民论文题目要互相匹配、紧扣,即题要扣文,文也要扣题。这是撰写论文的基本准则。 2.简短精炼 力求题目的字数要少,用词需要精选。至于多少字算是合乎要求,并无统一的硬性规定,一般希望一篇论文题目不要超出20个字,不过,不能由于一味追求字数少而影响题目对内容的恰当反映,在遇到两者确有矛盾时,宁可多用几个字也要力求表达明确。若简短题名不足以显示论文内容或反映出属于系列研究的性质,则可利用正、副标题的方法解决,以加副标题来补充说明特定的实验材料,方法及内容等信息使标题成为既充实准确又不流于笼统和一般化。 3.外延和内涵要恰如其分 外延和内涵属于形式逻辑中的概念。所谓外延,是指一个概念所反映的每一个对象;而所谓内涵,则是指对每一个概念对象特有属性的反映。命题时,若不考虑逻辑上有关外延和内涵的恰当运用,则有可能出现谬误,至少是不当。 4.醒目 论文题目虽然居于首先映入读者眼帘的醒目位置,但仍然存在题目是否醒目的问题,因为题目所用字句及其所表现的内容是否醒目,其产生的效果是相距甚远的。有人对36种公开发行的医学科持期刊1987年发表的论文的部分标题,作过统计分

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