2008年7月外贸英语写作(试题)

2007年7⽉外贸英语写作（试题）全国2007年7⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试外贸英语写作试题课程代码：00097请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Part One: Questions 1-20Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. （在下列各题中选择⼀个最佳答案填空。

）20%1. Customers are understandably angry ______ the delay.A. withB. forC. atD. toward2. Unless data can be assembled ______, we will lose business to our competitors.A. quickerB. more quicklyC. more quickD. much quickly3. ______ first class was questioned by the auditor.A. His travelingB. He travelingC. His travelD. He travel4. Y esterday the manager, along with the office secretary and accountant, ______ invited to the conference .A. wasB. wereC. isD. are5. Our staff agreed that ______ stand must be unified.A. theirB. ourC. it’sD. its6. A serious disagreement between the management and ______ caused ______ dismissal.A. he...himB. he (i)C. him...heD. him (i)7. Members debated the ______ of decentralization.A. pro and conB. pro’s and con’sC. pros and consD. pro-and-con8. ______ you have probably seen in our advertisements in fashion magazines, our products appeal to a wide age group.A. AsB. LikeC. SinceD. Because9. Send this form to ______ requests it.A. whomeverB. whoeverC. whomD. who10. This agreement is applicable to transactions in ______ direction between the two parties.A. bothB. twoC. eitherD. one11. I understand that Mr. Wood is the ______ officer of the bank.A. principleB. principalC. principledD. principality12. For only $35 you can choose three novels currently or recently on the ______.A. best-seller listB. best seller listC. list best sellerD. list of best-seller13. We were told that the consignment would be sent ______ to reach the final destination by mid November.A. so asB. in orderC. in timeD. as14. ______on our past experience, we suggest establishing a branch office in that city.A. BasedB. BasingC. ReliedD. Relying15. In the past two decades, the growth of direct foreign investment ______ mainly due to the activities of multinationals.A. has beenB. had beenC. isD. was16. She has not done a good job, ______ , she made some improvements.A. moreoverB. henceC. thereforeD. nevertheless17. I hope you ______ able to accept this invitation.A. to beB. areC. will beD. being18. She is more conscientious than ______ teacher I have ever had.A. anyB. other anyC. any otherD. other19. There should not be as many objections to this year’s proposal ______.A. as last year’sB. as there were to last year’sC. as last yearD. as there were to last year20. ______ needs adequate nourishment.A. EverybodyB. Every bodyC. SomebodyD. NobodyPart Two: Questions 21-30There is one mistake in each of the following questions. Detect and correct the mistakes. Write your corrections together with the mistakes on the answer sheet.（下列每句各有⼀个错误，找出错误并改正。

2008年英语考试试卷一、听力理解（共20分）本部分共有四个小节，每小节后有五个问题。

请在听录音时，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。

第一节：短对话（5分）1. What time does the train leave?A. 8:00 a.m.B. 9:00 a.m.C. 10:00 a.m.D. 11:00 a.m.2. How much is the shirt?A. $15.B. $25.C. $35.D. $45.3. Where are they going for vacation?A. The beach.B. The mountains.C. The city.D. The countryside.4. What does the man suggest doing?A. Watching a movie.B. Going to a concert.C. Going for a walk.D. Cooking dinner.5. Why is the woman upset?A. She lost her keys.B. She missed her bus.C. She broke her phone.D. She forgot her appointment.第二节：长对话（5分）6. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and employee.D. Friends.7. When is the meeting scheduled?A. Monday at 10 a.m.B. Tuesday at 2 p.m.C. Wednesday at 4 p.m.D. Thursday at 6 p.m.8. What is the woman's opinion about the new project?A. She thinks it's too risky.B. She thinks it's a good idea.C. She thinks it's too expensive.D. She thinks it's too time-consuming.9. What does the man agree to do?A. Help with the research.B. Take over the project.C. Attend the meeting.D. Write the report.10. Why is the woman going to the library?A. To return some books.B. To borrow some books.C. To study for an exam.D. To meet a friend.第三节：短文理解（5分）11. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of the city.B. The culture of the city.C. The economy of the city.D. The geography of the city.12. When was the city founded?A. In the 18th century.B. In the 19th century.C. In the 20th century.D. In the 21st century.13. What is the population of the city?A. 100,000.B. 200,000.C. 300,000.D. 400,000.14. What is the city famous for?A. Its art galleries.B. Its sports teams.C. Its historical sites.D. Its natural beauty.15. What is the author's opinion about the city?A. It's a great place to live.B. It's too crowded.C. It's too expensive.D. It's too polluted.第四节：复合式听写（5分）16. The weather forecast for today is _______.17. The _______ is expected to arrive at 3 p.m.18. The _______ is located near the city center.19. The _______ is a popular tourist attraction.20. The _______ is the best time to visit the city.二、阅读理解（共30分）本部分共有四篇文章，每篇文章后有五个问题。

2008年下学期期末考查试题商务英语写作(B 卷)考生注意：密封线内不要填写姓名，密封线外不要答题，违者试卷作零分处理。

参加考试班级：Ⅰ.Basic InformationDirections: This part is to test your basic knowledge in business wtiting. Directions: Fill in the blanks according to the requests. 1.English should be used in many business writing tasks, and the usual writing tasks are as following: ( ),( request for information),（ ），（report or analysis of information ）,（policy announcement ）,（ ）,（ ）,（recommendation ）,（ ）. 2.Business writing styles depend on the different tasks and situations.The usual writing styles are as following: ( ),( ),( ),( ), () and ( slide presentation) 3.The following necessary points should be considered when you do the business writing: a) Relationship of ( ) and ( ). b) Style and reader ’s ( ). c) Specific ( ) choices. d) Level of ( ) needed e) Amount and type of ( ). Ⅱ. Answer the following questions.()Directions: This part is to test your practiseability.According to the followingletters,e-mail,faxes and memos,answer the following questions..T ask 1Questions:1.Who wrote this letter? Why did he write? And please describe the letter’stone and style.2.Why did Mr.An send a fax instead of a letter or e-mail?3.Why did Mr.carlson respond in an e-mail?4.Please compare the difference among letters,faxes and e-mail.T ask 2:Message AQuestions:1.What’s the writing style of Message A? Of Message B?2.What’s the difference between Message A and Message B?3.Do the readers and writers work in the same company?How do you know?4.What’s the purpose of each message?Ⅲ. Basic Exercises .()Exercise 1Choose the appropriate openning (a or b) and ending (c or d ) for eachfollowing situation.1.sending a message to a co-worker ( )( )a.We would appreciate it if you could join us at a meeting on Tuesday.b.Can you meet with everyone on Tuesday?c.Hope to see you then.d.I appreciate your consideration of our request.2.requesting more information from a customer( )( )a.Our records show that you didn’t fill in your telephone number on the form. Pleasedo it now.b.Our records show that some of your account information is missing. Could you sendus your telephone number?c.Thank you for helping us complete our records.d.Thanks.3.requesting more information about a product( )( )a.I want to know the answers to these questions.b.Could you send me the following information?c.Thank you for your help.d.I appreciate your kindness and support.4.writing a letter of introduction to a possible new client( )( )a.I am writing to introduce myself as the new sales representative for ARTCO,Inc.b.Hello, I am Thomas Smith, the new sales representative of ARTCO,Inc.c.I will telephone next week to make an appointment and to answer any questions youhave about our products.d.Let’s do business!Y ours truly,Thomsa5.requesting help with a project( )( )a.I am wondering if you could help me with a project.b.I want help with a project.c.I would really appreciate any help you can give me.d.I need to know if you can help.Exercise 2Use listing to change the following paragraphs1.In order to make a cost estimate for the meeting, we will need information about how manypeople will be attending. I can’t remember whether you want to serve food or just coffee and tea. Also, would you like us to provide notepads and pens for each person?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Thank you for offering to make the arrangements for our employees’ arrival in New Y ork. Iknow that they would definitely like to visit the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Museum. They would also enjoy going to the Empire State Building. I wonder if you could arrange a horse-drawn carriage ride through Central Park. Of course, they would like to have some time to go shopping, too. I am not sure whether it is possible to fit all these things into the weekend before their training program begins.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thank you for your inquiry about Calumet paper products. I am sending you three samples sothat you can see the difference between the papers. I am also enclosing a brochure. There is a price list enclosed as well.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 3Choose the appropriate expressions to finish the sentences.according to inproves showsbased on indicatesreports statesfrom means thatsays supports1.As you can see ___________ the attached survey results, teenagers are the best group for us to market our product to.2. Our research ____________ that teenagers have a lot of money to spend.3.The report ________________ that the population is becoming older.4. ____________ the financial report, we lost money last quarter.5. ______________ those numbers, we made a decision to drop the new line.6.The latest research ______________ our plan to expand.7. The newspaper always ______________ the latest trends.8. We were worried about our decision, but the latest report ________________ that our decision was a good one.9.________________- the Financial News, there is a report about problems with the new product.10. This new development _______________ we can go ahead with our plan.Ⅳ. Writing.给括号中的人写两句致谢或者称赞的话。

2008英语试题及答案一、听力部分（共20分）1. What is the man doing now?A. Reading a bookB. Watching TVC. Cooking dinnerAnswer: B2. Where are the speakers?A. In a libraryB. In a restaurantC. In a classroomAnswer: A3. What does the woman want to do?A. Go shoppingB. Go to the cinemaC. Go to the parkAnswer: C4. What is the weather like today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. CloudyAnswer: A5. How much does the woman have to pay for the shirt?A. $15B. $25C. $35Answer: B6. What time does the train leave?A. 7:00 amB. 9:00 amC. 11:00 amAnswer: A7. Why is the man late?A. He missed the busB. He got up lateC. He had a traffic jamAnswer: A8. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and studentB. Doctor and patientC. Boss and employeeAnswer: A9. What does the woman mean?A. She doesn't like the giftB. She thinks the gift is too expensiveC. She thinks the gift is just rightAnswer: C10. How many people are there in the woman's family?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveAnswer: B二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 11. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The importance of sleepB. The effects of sleep deprivationC. The benefits of taking a napAnswer: B2. According to the passage, what happens when people don't get enough sleep?A. They become more creativeB. They become more irritableC. They become more energeticAnswer: B3. What is one of the long-term effects of sleep deprivation mentioned in the passage?A. Weight gainB. Memory lossC. Increased risk of heart diseaseAnswer: CPassage 21. What is the purpose of the article?A. To advertise a new productB. To inform about a cultural eventC. To persuade readers to visit a museumAnswer: B2. When will the cultural event take place?A. Next weekB. Next monthC. In two monthsAnswer: A3. What type of performances will be featured at the event?A. Traditional music and danceB. Modern art and sculptureC. Film and theaterAnswer: APassage 31. What is the main idea of the text?A. The benefits of learning a new languageB. The challenges of learning a new languageC. The process of learning a new languageAnswer: B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most difficult aspect of learning a new language?A. GrammarB. VocabularyC. PronunciationAnswer: A3. What does the author suggest as a way to improve language learning?A. Taking a language courseB. Traveling to a foreign countryC. Practicing with native speakersAnswer: C三、完形填空（共20分）1. A. althoughB. becauseC. ifAnswer: A2. A. surprisedB. disappointedC. excited Answer: B3. A. decidedB. refusedC. agreed Answer: A4. A. succeededB. failedC. hesitated Answer: A5. A. encouragedB. warnedC. reminded Answer: A6. A. quicklyB. slowlyC. carefully Answer: B7. A. worriedB. relaxedC. confident Answer: A8. A. finallyB. unfortunatelyC. surprisingly Answer: C9. A. realizedB. imaginedC. dreamed Answer: A10. A. gave upB. continuedC. pausedAnswer: B四、语法填空（共15分）1. The weather forecast predicts that it will be sunny tomorrow, so we ________ (not cancel) the picnic.Answer: won't cancel2. She has been working on this project for two months, and now she is close to ________ (complete) it.Answer: completing3. The children were playing in the park when it suddenly ________ (start) to rain.Answer: started4. I would have called you earlier, but I ________ (be) too busy.Answer: was5. ________ (not speak) loudly in the library; it's a place for quiet study.Answer: Don't speak6. The book is so interesting that I can hardly put it ________.Answer: down7. ________ (be) there any milk left in the fridge?Answer: Is there8. She ________ (not go) to the party if she doesn't feel well.Answer: won't go9. ________ (be) you born in the same year as your brother?Answer: Were10. The meeting will be held next Monday, ________ (mean) that we have to prepare everything by then.Answer: meaning五、短文改错（共15分）原文：I went to the book store yesterday. I was looking for a science fiction novel. When I got there, I saw a lot of people are reading. I found the book I was looking for and I bought it. I was very exciting about my purchase. I read the book last night and I couldn't sleep because it was so interesting.改正后：I went to the bookstore yesterday. I was looking for a science fiction novel. When I got there, I saw a lot of people reading. I found the book I was looking for and bought it. I was very excited about my purchase. I read the book last night and couldn't sleep because it was so interesting.六、书面表达（共20分）题目：请根据以下提示写一篇短文，描述你最喜欢的一本书，并解释为什么喜欢它。

2008年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分180, 做题时间90分钟)1. 选择题1.Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the propriety to write her.SSS_SINGLE_SELA decency.B posterityC apathyD eulogy该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：句意：尽管他知道母亲一直在生病，但他还是没有按照礼节给她写信慰问。

“propriety”意为礼貌、礼节。

A选项意为礼貌、体面，因此为正确答案。

2.The constant motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of the seasons.SSS_SINGLE_SELA perfidiousB plausibleC perilousD perpetual该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：句意：地球围绕地轴不停地旋转产生了四季更替。

“constant”意为持续不断的，由词义可知，D选项为最佳答案。

3.His former employer recommended him highly as having been a very industrious worker.SSS_SINGLE_SELA affluentB cogentC diligentD extinct该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：句意：他的前任老板对他评价很高，说明他工作非常的勤奋。

题干中的“industrious”与选项中的diligent同义，即“勤奋的”。

4.His arrogant manner has kept him from being very popular.SSS_SINGLE_SELA waxyB sleazyC surlyD flimsy该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：句意：他傲慢的举止使得他很不受欢迎。

全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.A. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了。

这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

B. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

C. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了。

这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

D. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

2. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was notthinking of anything in particular.A. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没。

B. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。

全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests with the result that national income and the volume offoreign trade contracted during 1960—1962.( )A. exaggeratedB. celebratedC. worsenedD. facilitated2.The following year, a tax law for joint venture was promulgated.( )A. announcedB. prolongedC. transformedD. upgraded3.Growing ties between China’s traders and their partners in Taiwan and Hong Kong are creating an unofficial but formidable “greater China” trade bloc.( )A. formalB. powerfulC. fundamentalD. rational4.The index of nonoil primary commodity prices in nominal dollar terms declines for the third consecutive year, and the index in real terms hits an all-time low.( )A. communicativeB. intensiveC. selectiveD. successive5.This push to expand U.S. manufacturing exports is considered essential politically to fulfill the President’s promise.( )A. promotionB. purposeC. pressureD. pull6.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.( ) A. goes through B. goes offC. goes downD. goes on7.Japan’s government is deeply opposed to a new policy geared to “quantifiable results” for some products. ( )A. generated toB. suitable forC. followed byD. acquainted with8.The Japanese will not be able to keep a lid on their high-tech know-how forever. Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge.( )A. hopeB. heartC. advantageD. disadvantage9.The most visible result of this buoyant market in both centers is a plethora of new multi-storey commercial and residential buildings.( )A. positive`B. activeC. passiveD. negative10.The U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) is providing at least $120 million to spur investment in three Central American nations that are signatories to a free-trade agreement with the United States.( )A. restrictB. restrainC. supportD. stimulate11.The Northrop Corporation of the United States located a purchaser for Swiss elevators in Egypt. ( )A. sellerB. distributorC. brokerD. buyer12.Pepsi is concentrating on distributing Slice through bottlers who have no conflict.( )A. contractingB. distributingC. focusingD. promoting13.Chinese eggs dominate the fresh egg market with more than an 80-per cent share.( )A. controlB. concentrateC. constrainD. comply14.For most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.( )A. communitiesB. productsC. commandsD. districts15.But a recovery was made on the back of sterling’s weaker trend against the dollar.( )A. supportingB. surroundingC. influencingD. following二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. invisible account17. SEZ18. soft commodity19. per capita income20. trade sanctions21. strategic stockpile22. managed trade23. brain trust24. carbon tax25. intellectual property三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 试销市场27. 外汇收入28. 中央银行29. 消费品30. 高技术31. 国内需求32. 特别提款权33. 强硬政策自考在线——你自考航程中的一叶绿舟！第3页共7页34. 产地证明书35. 补偿协议四、简答题(本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分)Passage 1Already though, China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics. Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”36. What is the meaning of the underlined word “though”? And why is it used here?37. Why would trade surplus be a problem?38. For what reason(s) or on what excuse will we be “first in line for retaliation”?Passage 2Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier—free market?and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.39. What do “dour” and “revolutionary” mean in the first sentence?40. What did the writer worry about for Western Europe?41. What did some observers think might cause the failure of the internal market program?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错误的写“F”。

2008年英语大作文范文Chapter 1: IntroductionThe year 2008 was marked by several significant events worldwide that had a profound impact on various aspects of society, politics, and the economy. This essay aims to provide an overview of the major events of 2008 and analyze their effects on the world. Chapter 2: Global Financial CrisisOne of the most significant events of 2008 was the global financial crisis, which originated in the United States and quickly spread to the rest of the world. The crisis was fueled by the collapse of Lehman Brothers, a prominent American investment bank, and subsequent market failures. This led to a severe contraction in credit availability and a deep recession that affected economies worldwide. Governments worldwide scrambled to implement emergency measures to stabilize their financial systems and stimulate economic recovery. The impact of the financial crisis was felt for years to come, with long-lasting effects on employment, housing markets, and the overall economic stability of countries.Chapter 3: Olympics in Beijing2008 was also the year of the Beijing Olympics, an event that garnered global attention. The Chinese government invested heavily in infrastructure and showcased their economic prowess to the world. The Olympics brought together athletes from various nations in a display of unity and friendly competition. This event not only highlighted China's rise as a global power but also sparked discussions on topics such as human rights, environmental concerns, and the legacy of the Olympic Games.Chapter 4: Political Shifts and Conflicts2008 witnessed significant political shifts and conflicts on the international stage. In the United States, Barack Obama was elected as the first African-American president, symbolizing a turning point in American history. His campaign focused on issues such as healthcare, income inequality, and climate change. The election of Obama signaled a desire for change and a departure from traditional politics.Furthermore, 2008 saw geopolitical tensions escalating in various regions. In Georgia, a conflict broke out with Russia over the region of South Ossetia, leading to a short but intense war. In the Middle East, the Israel-Gaza conflict escalated with an Israeli military operation against Hamas. These conflicts highlighted ongoing political complexities and strained international relations. ConclusionIn conclusion, the year 2008 was a tumultuous year that witnessed a global financial crisis with far-reaching effects, the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympics, significant political shifts, and escalating conflicts. These events shaped the world and had lasting impacts on various aspects of society, politics, and the economy. The lessons learned from 2008 continue to influence decision-making and policy formulation to this day.Chapter 5: Environmental Concerns and Climate Change2008 was a year that brought heightened attention to environmental concerns and the urgent need to address climate change. The scientific consensus on the impact of human activities on the earth's climate was becoming increasingly clear, and 2008saw a significant push for international cooperation and action.The year began with the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Poznań, Poland, where discussions focused o n the need for a global response to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This laid the groundwork for the subsequent Copenhagen Climate Summit in 2009, which aimed to establish a binding international agreement to combat climate change.In 2008, various environmental disasters further underscored the need for urgent action. The melting of the Arctic sea ice reached alarming levels, threatening the habitats of polar bears and other Arctic species. Additionally, the devastation caused by natural disasters such as Hurricane Ike, which affected the Caribbean, the Gulf Coast, and parts of Texas, highlighted the vulnerability of communities to the impacts of climate change.Chapter 6: Technological Advancements2008 also witnessed significant technological advancements that further shaped the world. The launch of the Apple App Store revolutionized the way people access and use mobile applications, leading to an explosion of innovation and a new era of smartphone usage. Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter continued to gain popularity, enabling individuals to connect and share information in ways that were previously unimaginable. Furthermore, advancements in renewable energy technologies gained momentum in 2008. The cost of solar panels and wind turbines continued to decline, making these sources of energy more accessible and economically viable. Governments and businessesincreasingly recognized the potential of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.Chapter 7: Global Health Challenges2008 was marked by various global health challenges that had profound implications for public health systems and international cooperation. The year began with the outbreak of the Zika virus, which spread rapidly across several countries in the Americas. The emergence of the H1N1 influenza virus, commonly known as swine flu, also sparked global concern and led to the declaration of a public health emergency by the World Health Organization.These outbreaks highlighted the need for robust disease surveillance systems and strengthened international collaboration in responding to global health threats. Governments and organizations worked together to develop vaccines, implement containment strategies, and improve healthcare infrastructure to prevent the spread of diseases.Chapter 8: Social Movements and Cultural Shifts2008 was a year that witnessed significant social movements and cultural shifts. The global financial crisis led to widespread disillusionment with the existing economic and political systems, fueling protests and social unrest in various parts of the world. The Occupy Wall Street movement, which began in 2008, aimed to highlight the growing wealth inequality and corporate influence in politics.Furthermore, 2008 saw the rise of social justice movements suchas Black Lives Matter, which called attention to systemic racism and police brutality. These movements sparked a global conversation on issues of race, inequality, and social justice, paving the way for further activism and awareness in the years to come.ConclusionIn conclusion, the year 2008 was a pivotal year that witnessed significant events and developments in various aspects of society, politics, the environment, and technology. The global financial crisis, the Beijing Olympics, climate change concerns, technological advancements, global health challenges, and social movements all shaped the world and had lasting impacts. These events and shifts continue to influence and shape our world today, serving as reminders of the complexities and interconnectedness of our global society.。

2008-2016全国卷书面表达真题及范文1.（2016全国卷I）书面表达：假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。

给外教Mr Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）.注意：1. 词数100左右;2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。

Dear Ms Jenkins,I am Li Hua from your English writing class last term. I’m writing to ask for your help.I am applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume. However, I am not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve used. I know you have a very busy schedule, but I’d be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes. Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment.Thank you for your kindness!Yours,Li Hua 2.（2016全国卷II）书面表达：假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。

请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。

请他提供作品。

信的内容包括：1．主题：环境保护；2．展览时间；3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@.注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

2008年全国国际货代考试（国际货代英语）试卷及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：120分一、单项选择题(1)The seller had made a sales contract under the CFR term with the buyer,therefore the scope of freight forwarder' s service on behalf of the buyer includes（）.A. arranging export customs clearanceB. booking space with the NVOCCC. arranging import customs clearanceD. booking space with the marine carrier(2)According to INCOTERMS 2000, CPT means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by the （）but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.A. buyerB. sellerC. carrierD. forwarder(3)According to UCP 600, the term "middle"of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as from the 11th to the 20th of the month and the term"first half"ofa month shall be construed as （）.A. from the 11 th to the 20th of the monthB. from the 1st to the 15'h of the monthC. from the 1st' to the 10th of the monthD. from the 11th to the 21th of the month(4)The risks covered in FPA coverage basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment of cargo, but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities, such as （）, lightning, tsunami, earthquake andflood.A. salvage chargesB. general averageC. ship collisionD. heavy weather(5)（）means that the shipowner provides a designated manned ship to the charterer,and the charterer employs the ship for a specific period against payment of hire.A. Voyage chartering B．Time charteringC. Bareboat chartering D．Contract of affreightment(6)The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it signed only by the carrier.However,it provides evidence of contract of carriage. It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier. Besides, the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsement.The（）can not be transferred to the third parties by endorsement.A. shipped B/L B. clean B/L C. straight B/L D. order B/L(7)The UCP published by the（）,contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation ofdocumentary credit.A. CIFAB. FIATAC. BIMCOD. ICC(8)The documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading, sea waybills, manifests, booking notes and delivery orders etC．Most of these documents are signed by the carrier or his agent except（）.A. booking notesB. delivery ordersC. sea waybillsD. bills of lading(9)Liner freight rates are fixed by liner operators. They are related more to the costs of operation and which remain comparatively steady over a period of time. The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as （）, the bunker adjustment factor and port congestion surcharges.A. currency adjustment factorB. crew adjustment factorC. water adjustment factorD. administrative adjustment factor(10)Which of the following modes of container transport may be FCL/FCL? （）A. CY/CFSB. CY/CYC. CFS/CYD. CFS/CFS(11)The CMR convention is the convention on contract for international carriage of goods by road, according to the CMR, the career is responsible for（）.A. any wrongful act of the consignorB. inherent vice of the goodsC. neglect of the consignorD. omissions of carrier' s servants(12)Currently, different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place, ( ) is similar to the roll - on, roll - off system except that in the place of the ro--ro vehicle a rail car is used so that geographically separated rail systems can be connected by the use of an ocean carrier.A. Sea/air B．Air/road C．Sea/train D．Piggyback(13)（）is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.A. Market distributionB. ProcurementC. Manufacturing supportD. Inventory(14)Each air waybill may have over ten copies. They are sent to the shipper, the consignee, and various departments of the carrier. The copy marked （）is the copy that would normally be presented under a documentary credit.A. "Original 1"B. "Original 2"C. "Original 3"D. "Original 4"(15)（）, "International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations", was founded in Vienna Austria on 31 May 1926.A. IFFFA B．IATA C．ICIFA D FIATA二、判断题(1)The forwarder can book spaces with ocean carrier on behalf of consignor basis on the CIF/CFR terms in the sales contract made by the consignor as the seller with the buyer. （）(2)If the expression "on or about" or similar expressions are used in the L/C according to UCP600, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days excludeD．（）(3)Under FCA term, if the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods,the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person. （）(4)Cargo insurance is one of the most important parts in international trade. The minimum amount insured for the cargoes should be the CIF or the CIP value of the goods plus 10%. （）(5)The sea waybill is a non - negotiable document and made out to a consignee who is allowed,upon production of proper identification, to claim the goods without presenting the sea waybill.（）(6)There are some standard forms of time charter party used in the time chartering business. The two major forms are NYPE and Gencon. By far the largest number of time chartering are fixed on the basis of the Gencon Charter Party.（）(7)Received for shipment bill of lading, states definitely that the goods have been received by the carrier and confirms that the goods are actually on board the vessels.（）(8)The clean bill of lading bears an indication that the goods were received without damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the word "apparent good order and condition" is indicated on the B/L. （）(9)Any export goods or import goods can be loaded or discharged only when written permission,known as "port clearance", is granted by the local authorities to the cargo owners. （）(10)The carrier shall not be relieved of liability by reason of the defective condition of the vehicle used by him in order to perform the carriage under the CMR convention. （）(11)The policy must be issued and signed by an insurance company or its agent. If more than one original is issued and is so indicated in the policy, all the originals must be presented to the bank, unless otherwise authorized in the letter of credit according to UCP600.（）(12)For a supply chain to realize the maximum strategic benefit of logistics, the full range of functional work must be integrateD．（）(13)In international air cargo transportation, General Cargo Rates are applicable to named types of commodity and Specific Commodity Rates are applicable to anv tvoe of commoditv.（）(14)FIATA has created several documents and forms to establish an uniform standard for use by freight forwarders worldwide. FWB is one of them that means negotiable FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading. （）(15)Consolidation means the assembly of small parcels of cargo from several consignors at one point of origin intended for several consignees at another point of destination, dispatching the parcels as one consolidated consignment to the consolidator' s agent at the destination and delivering them to their respective consignees. （）三、多项选择题(1)From the logistical system viewpoint, （）are fundamental factors to transportation performance.A.costB.speedC.consistencyD.procurement(2)According to INCOTERMS 2000,（）mean that the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination and the risk of loss of or damageto the goods ends when the goods pass the ship' s rail in the port of shipment.A. CFRB. CIFC. CPTD. CIP(3)The basic coverage in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses is FPA, WA and All Risks coverage. The general additional risks including（）are covered in All Risks coverage.A. theft, pilferage & non- delivery risksB. intermixture and contamination risksC. failure to delivery risksD. fresh water and/or rain damage risks(4)The documents such as bill of lading, air waybill, sea waybill and insurance policy used forinternational trade play very important roles for the parties concerneD．Please point out which of the following documents serve as evidence of contract of cargo transportation? （）A. Bill of Lading B．Sea Waybill C．Insurance Policy D．Air Waybill(5)A voyage charter party shall mainly contain the names of the parties, the name and nationality of the ship, its bale or grain capacity, description of the goods to be loaded, port of loading and discharge, time for loading and discharge, （）and other relevant matters.A. payment of freight B．payment of hireC. demurrage D．delivery/redelivery(6)FIATA has created several documents and forms, some of them including （）are signed by the forwarders to the cargo owners and some of them are signed by the cargo owners to the forwarders.A. FBL B. FWB C. SDT D. FCR(7)Nowadays many documents are used in international cargo transportation, some of the documents can be transferred to the third parties and some can not be transferred to the third parties. Please point out（）statements are right.A. insurance policy can be transferred to the third partiesB. insurance policy can not be transferred to the third partiesC. sea waybill can be transferred to the third partiesD. sea waybill can not be transferred to the third parties(8)The Air Waybill(AWB) is the most important document for a batch of air freight goods. The AWB number is the identification of each consignment. It comprises three parts: （）.A. a three -digit prefix identifying the carrierB. the main portion identifying the consignmentC. the main portion identifying the carrierD. the last check digit for accounting and security purposes(9)Scope of freight forwarding services on behalf of the consignor includes （）in the sales contract made by the consignor as the seller with the buyer.A. booking space with the selected carder basis on the CIF termsB. arranging cargo sea transport insurance basis on the FOB termsC. arranging for export clearance basis on the CIF termsD. arranging for export clearance basis on the FOB terms(10)Please point out which of the following statements are right.（）A. The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way in the I/CB. The time of shipment should not be stipulated in a clear and flexible way in the L/CC. If the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date which means these twodates are not the sameD. If the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date which means these twodates are the same四、完型填空(1)根据以下资料回答{TSE}题The five primary modes of transportation are rail, road, pipeline, water, and air. Each has different economic and service characteristics. ( 41 )offers the cost -effective, energy- efficient transport of large quantities of goods over long distances. ( 42 )offers more flexibility and versatility to the shipper than Virtually any other forms of transportation. ( 43 ) are primarily used to move petroleum, natural gas, and chemicals. For suitable commodities, pipelines are the most efficient mode of transport. They offer a closed system with little risk of loss or damage to the products moved and extremely low cost. The most expensive of all the modes, ( 44 ) offers the fast service but at a relative high price. ( 45 )occurs on inland waterways and oceans. Though slower han other modes, this form of movement is also relatively inexpensive.A. Rail transportB. Road transportC. Truck transportD. Air transport(2)A. Water transportB. Road transportC. Rail transportD. Pipelines(3)A. Air transportB. Rail transportC. PipelinesD. multimodal transport(4)A. air transportB. CY/CYC. sea trainD. rail transport(5)A. Road transportB. Water transportC. PipelinesD. truck transport(6)根据以下资料回答{TSE}题Documentary credits are separate transactions from the contract of sales with which they are related. In documentary credits( 46 ) are concerned only with documents, and their decision whether or not to pay, accept or negotiate under a credit depends solely on whether the documents presented conform to the terms and conditions in the ( 47 ). When the beneficiary submits documents that contain discrepancies or errors, the banks will reject the documents and return them to the( 48 )for resubmission after corrections. Seen from a different perspective, even if the importer becomes bankrupt after the shipment, the beneficiary is entitled to payment by the issuing bank as long as he is able to present the correct ( 49 ) stipulated in the credit. That banks deal only with documents and not performance of the ( 50 )is key to the operation of documentary credits.A. sellersB. buyersC. banksD. carders(7)A. sales contractB. creditC. shipping orderD. bill of lading(8)A. applicantB. beneficiaryC. opening bankD. importer(9)A. monevB. draftsC. hillsD. documents(10)A. contract of salesB. creditC. bill of ladingD. booking note五、英译汉(1)commission agent(2)time of shipment(3)general average(4)notify party(5)CAF(6)CMR(7)FWR(8)ICC(9)constructive total loss(10)export manifest(11)The latest date for shipment shall not be extended by reason of the extension of the expiry date and/or the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents. If no such latest date for shipment is stipulated in the credit, banks will not accept transport documents indicating a date of shipment later than the expiry date.七、英文单证操作题(1)根据下列所提供的信用证条款的主要内容及有关信息，填写集装箱托运单和商业发票有关项目。