职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（1）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（1） munity 社区，团体，社会
1. paragraph 2____
2. paragraph 3____
3. paragraph 4____
4. paragraph 5____
a. the wide use of english
b. historical aount of english and its munity
c. the advantages of learning a second language
d. the position of the english munity
e. the threat that english poses to other languages
f. the definition of a speech munity
1 there is no denying that english is a useful language. the people who speak english today make up the largest speech munity in the world with the exception of speakers of chinese. originally they were small tribes of people from northern europe who settled in england. their languages became more and more similar to each other. finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in england. the people were united into a speech munity through their shared language.
2 a speech（言语） munity is similar to other kinds of munities. the people who make up the munity share a mon language. often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. more often they form a whole country. national boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech munity. a speech munity is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
be similar to…与…相似
define v.定义
definition n.
1. paragraph 2___f___
f. the definition of a speech munity
3 we may say that any one who speaks english belongs to the english speech munity. for convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use english as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn english as a second language for the purpose of education, merce, and so on.
convenience=simplicity
↓
convenient=simple 方便的
classify 分类
one, the other 一个…，另一个…
a. the wide use of english
b. historical aount of english and its munity
c. the advantages of learning a second language
d. the position of the english munity
position n. 组成
pose v. 组成
be posed of 由…组成
2. paragraph 3____d__
d. the position of the english munity
4 english serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. english has been adopted as the language of air traffic, merce, as well as international diplomacy. moreover, english is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has e to rely（依靠）heavily on an understanding of english.
a. the wide use of english
c. the advantages of learning a second language
alternative 可选择的
public activity 公共领域
be adopted 被引用，被使用
merce →n. 商业
mercial adj. 商业的
diplomacy →外交
3. paragraph 4____a__
a. the wide use of english
5 learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. the history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. learning english as a second language provides another means of munication through which the window of the entire english speech munity bees a part of our heritage.
extend v. 拓展
vision n. 视野
expand v. 扩大，拓宽
mind n.思维
advantage n. 优势
4. paragraph 5____c__
c. the advantages of learning a second language
5. only through the shared language ___b___
a. that of a speech munity
b. can a speech munity be formed
c. in order to learn english better
d. for the sake of simplicity
e. has played an important role in the field of education
f. is widely used in several areas of public activity
only+状语/介词短语，要倒装
↓
倒装：谓语+主语
↓
助动词
shared
5.b. can a speech munity be formed
6. the idea of the national boundaries is often different from__a____
national boundary 国家限制
be different from +名词，代词
6.a. that of a speech munity
the idea of the national boundaries is often different from the idea of a speech munity.
↓
that
the population in china is larger than that of america.
7. speakers are classified into two groups___d___
for the sake of simplicity
↓↓
为了 convenience
d. for the sake of simplicity
c. in order to learn english better
8. an understanding of english___e___
e. has played an important role in the field of education
f. is widely used in several areas of public activity play a…role 扮演…角色
field 领域
so that education has e to rely（依靠） heavily on an understanding of english.
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2020年职称英语综合类C级概括大意历年真题及解析2020年真题 Interview with Allan Gray (1)I was working for a multinational company in the early 1980s, and my brother asked me if I was interested in going into partnership with him to set up a language school. I'd always wanted to work for myself, and I was a bit fed up with working for someone else, so I said yes. Primarily, I wanted the freedom to make my own decisions, I wanted room to be creative, and also I wanted to be able to get the credit and keep the profits if we were successful. I was also happy to carry the can and take the blame if things went wrong. These things are not possible if you work as an employee in a large organization. (2) I had to borrow money to help start the business, but we were lucky because we also had some outside capital to put into the business. These days it can be really hard to persuade banks to lend money to people who want to start a company, so we were fortunate. It was fairly easy to set up the business, because we had a very clear idea of what we wanted to do. The problem was, all our preconceptions ( 预想 ) about what it would be like to run a business were wrong. We made lots of mistakes, and we almost went bankrupt (破 产的 ) at the beginning. At one point, we only had two students in the school. (3) Far too long! We lost money for the first four years and, as I was saying, we nearly went out of business. It took
2012年职称英语考试试卷 综合类B级 第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse. A. afraid B. anxious C. sure D. sad 2.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer. A. reported B. admitted C. hoped D. answered 3.My doctor said I should vary my diet more. A. prepare B. cook C. change D. choose 4.I got a note from Moira urginq me to get in touch. A. instructing B. pushing C. notifying D. inviting 5.A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation. A. tested B. suggested C. used D. announced 6.The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced. A. suddenly B. greatly C. generally D. slightly 7.The test produced disappointing results. A. indirect B. similar C. positive D. unsatisfactory 8.At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A. happy B. energetic C. alone D. busy 9. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children. A. reported B. proved C. caught D. praised 10.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A. maintained B. recommended C. considered D. acknowledged 11.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way. A. handle B. raise C. pose D. experience 12.Eventually, she got a job and moved to London. A. Certainly B. Finally C. Luckily D. Naturally 13.For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular. A. obvious B. Major C. unclear D. minor 14.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. A. ignored B. organized C. caused D. received 15.Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage. A. turning B. jumping C. shouting D. shaking 第二部分：阅读判断（第16 - 22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该
职称英语等级考试试题-综合A6 第三篇Play Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development. In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.
职称英语《卫生A》真题及答案:概括大意 Aromatherapy(芳香疗法) 1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing ptoperties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or they are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress(敷药)。 2 Many people have aroatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment aperson is having,the aroatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders.The massage is smooth and flowing,as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm.The sessions are tailored to the indivi dual’s health and mood at rhe time,so every session is unique. 3 Practioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directy stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream,where they can affect the whole body and promote healing.Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion,imtproves the functiong of respiratory system,reduces muscular aches and pains,and promotes muscle relaxation and tone.It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation,lower blood pressure,and help combat insomia(失眠)and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches,anxiety,and mild depression. 4 However,while aroatherapy may hace real effects that promate a sense of well-being,some tradional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers.While research has confirmed that aroatherapy does have some positive
2002年全国职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试试题及参考答案 第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 The price of vegetables f1uctuates according to the weather. A jumps B rises C falls D changes 2 Did you do that to irritate her? A tease B attract C annoy D protect 3 Mary looked pale and weary． A ill B tired C worried D peaceful 4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage(污水). A polluted B downgraded C mixed D blackened 5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive. A very boring B very thorough C very interesting D very touching 6 Alice is a fascinating girl. A a beautiful B a pretty C an attractive D a pleasant
7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents. A displayed B shown C proved D assessed 8 The old lady let her flat to an English couple. A offered B rented C provided D sold 9 She stood there，crying and trembling with fear． A shaking B staggering C struggling D murmuring 10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so. A ran B rolled C walked D raced 11 The conclusion can be deduced from the premises． A argued B derived C permitted D come 12 I can no longer tolerate his actions． A putupwith B accept C take D suffer from 13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. A ask B persuade C assign D order 14 She has been the subject of massive media coverage. A extensive B negative
2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.doczj.com/doc/8918410555.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean
B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked
Alaska阿拉斯加 In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state，symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867，when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. 1959年美国人欢迎阿拉斯加成为美国的第49个州，这表明美国人的态度与1867年刚把这个半岛从俄罗斯手中买来时的态度相比有了转变。Then，most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers "of icebergs and polar bear"-beyond Canada s western borders，far from the settled areas of the United States.那个时候，大多数美国人对这块150万平方公里冰山和北极熊的土地不感兴趣。它在加拿大的那一头，远离美国有人居住的地区。 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle，Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear.阿拉斯加州在北极圈里的部分仍旧是冰山和北极熊出没的地方。Ice buried in the earth，which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters.巨大的冰块被埋在地下，这里永久的冻土层有90米或者更深。From early May until early August，the midnight sun never sets on this flat，treeless region，but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.从5月初到8月初，午夜的太阳从不离开这个平
职称英语考试心得 第一篇：职称英语考试心得职称英语考试在即，盼望各人考个好结果，下边的考试心得为转载 [url=space.php?uid=11762]太阳鸟[/url] 的，很有帮助（另附考试资料已经整理）：职称英语考试 心得 1、词汇选项（15分）。这类题根本是送分题，只要找到 一个好的英语词典 就可以了，最好是有近、反义词那种。还有一个要注意的问题是为了加速查词速率，词典最好体积不要太大（64k那种 就可以），如果字典太厚太大单纯拿字典都累得不可，查单词速率就显着得打折。 2、阅读判断。这类题一样平常较难，也就7分。记得哪 个老师说过，这类题花太多时间不值得，除非你有充足时间。正如谁人老师说的那样，这道题就蒙吧，一般选6对1错，或6错1对，也就是对对对错对对对或错错错对错错错。为什么，听说如果连着四道题答案一样，阅卷时大概以为你是蒙大概....，不给分。 3、概括大意与完成句子(8分)。这类题一样平常也比力难。记着老外写文章，经常全文中心是短文的 第一句，每段 第一句是该段的中央，把握住这个，好多题目根本就好办
理了，做这类题，同样也不要花太多时间。 4、阅读理解。这一部分分值45分。一般有当年课本上一道原题。做这类题，平常要多阅读，纷歧定要每个单词，每个句子都搞明确，老外写文章，经常用这样的结构：文章中心→举例→作者观点，正如第3题说的那样，全文中心是短文的第一句，但一定要注意转折词如but、allthowt等（呵呵，不要钻牛角尖）。考试时注意目的是拿分不是学习研究文章，我的方法是先看漫笔后的题目，然后带着题目去阅读，同时注意题后的问题在文章中的答案一样平常有次序，也就是第二题的答案一般在 第一题和 第三题答案在文章位置的中心。 5、补全短文(10分)。我做这道题的要领比较简单，也就 是看一些关键词（如前面有the first,那后面必有second,也就是雷同中文中一方面.... 另一方面，因为......所以，虽然....但是等等），另外还有许多老师经常说的合并同类项（从侯选答案中查找与该段有关系或相同的单词） 6、完型填空（15分）。这道题一般是教材中当年新增补 的原题，但不要记忆原文中的空白处的abcd，而肯定要记着 全文，由于虽说是原文，但填空的位置试题和原题一样平常会不一样。比如考a，最笨的办法为将教材中最后5篇文章全部 背下来，呵呵，15分比力靠谱。 从整个试题布局来看，一般第 1、6题的30分应该全部拿下，接着就是第4题，因为一 般有课本中一道原题，只要你能把教材中全部漫笔全阅读一次，其中的15分是拿定了，也就是说到现在45分是没题目了，阅
职称英语考试/模拟试题 2016职称英语综合类概括大意练习题与 答案(5) Recreation and Sports "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to maintain good health and enjoy life. Good physical and mental health in fact enables us to work more efficiently. Everyone has his own way of relaxing .Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, siding and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors. Chess, card-playing , and dancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people. Not everyone who enjoys sporting events likes to participate in them. Many people
职称英语考试综合类(A级)试题及答案(7) 45 The only way to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere，according to Dr Rasool and Dr Schneider,is to use A fossil fuels． B electric power． C nuclear energy． D coal power． 第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Broken：Dreams of Rural Peace It was dusk in Tubney Woods．deep in ratal Oxfordshire．The birds were singing at the end of another perfect day．The woman living at the edge of the forest could stand it no longer：She phoned the local noise pollution officer． "It's the rooks(秃鼻乌鸦)，"she said．"I can't bear that awful cawing(呱呱地叫)noise．Can you do something about it?" The call was no surprise to officials at the Vale of White
2016年职称英语综合B真题 第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are (at risk) of flooding. A. out of control B. between equals C. in particular D. in danger 2. The idea was quite (brillian)t. A. positive B. clever C. key D. original 3. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate. A. regulated B. fell C. increased D. maintained 4. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty. A. stable B. suitable C. adaptable D. changeable 5. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation. A. imagination B. confirmation C. disclosure
D. recall 6. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very (brutal). A. careless B. strong C. cruel D. hard 7. The coastal has area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B. severe C. hard D.dry 8.You'll have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train. A. jump B. escape C. prepare D. run 9. The course gives you basic (instruction) in car maintenance. A. idea B. term C. coaching D. aspect 10. The new (garment) fits her perfectly. A. haircut B. purse C. necklace D. clothes 11. The phobia may have its root in a childhood (trauma). A. fear
2019年职称英语考试综合教材概括大意第一篇 Voice Your Opinion：Change Is Needed in Youth Sports Everywhere you look,you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet （网球拍）.And these kids are getting younger and younger.In some countries,children can compete on basketball,baseball,and volleyball teams starting at age nine.（46） And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four,to prepare children for competition. It's true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams.（47） This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects. Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport.Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it.（48） But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun. Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches.Children are not naturally competitive.In fact,a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don't even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old.（49）The third,and biggest,problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework,have fun,be with friends—in short,time to be kids.When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice,they often start to hate their chosen sport.A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the of
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案 理工类-A级 2003-2010 目录 1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2) 2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16) 3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35) 4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54) 5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68) 6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76) 7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89) 8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A explained B invented C considered D accepted 2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. A heavy B strong C kind D wild 3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A making B taking C discussing D expecting 4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. A waste B buy C use D sell 5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. A function B ability C power D volume 6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely 7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. A supported B excited C inspired D directed
工程师职称英语考试及用书简介
工程师、自然科学研究类的技术职称需要考理工类职称英语；社科、财经、管理类职称需要考综合类；医生、护士、药师需要考卫生类（但医药领域类的工程师职称也需要考理工类）。 三个类别方向不同，难度不好比较，相对而言综合类简单一些。 外语敎育网职称英语栏目有详细的介绍，有问题还有能够在线咨询哦。 职称英语教材 目录 考试说明 评价目标 图书封面 英语教材 教材前言 综合类教材目录 图书目录 职称英语教材领取 考试说明 评价目标 图书封面 英语教材 教材前言 综合类教材目录 图书目录 职称英语教材领取 全国专业技术人员职称英语等级 考试说明 全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
资料仅供参考 全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。 评价目标 全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C 级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。 为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求： （一）词汇量:考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本人纲所附词汇表。对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等： 1、申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语； 2、申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语； 3、申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。 （二）语法知识:考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括： 1、英语句子的基本语序及其意义； 2、英语句子的结构和常见句型； 3、各种时、体的形式及其意义； 4、各种从句的构成及其意义； 5、句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。 （三）阅读理解能力:应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面： 1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意； 2、了解阐述主旨的事实和细节； 3、利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义； 4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系； 5、根据所读材料进行判断和推论； 6、领会作者的观点、意图和态度。 英语教材
概括大意完成句子： Intelligence a Changed View 1. Paragraph 2 C. Effect of Environment on Intelligence 2. Paragraph 4 A. Main Results of Recent Researches 3. Paragraph 5 F. A Changed View of Intelligence 4. Paragraph 6 E. Impact on School Education 5.It was once believed D. that intelligence was something a baby was born with, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence. 6.More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited F. and partly has to do with a child?s living environment . 7.It can be inferred from the passage that a child will B. have a better chance to develop his intelligence if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language. 8.Children were not just born to be more intelligent or less intelligent, but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school. 1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore,was as a predictor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn'complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education. 2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. 3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction. 4.Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences 5. These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see itas a set of developed skills with which a person, copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn. 6.The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label "low IQ7'' which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society's eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people. Is There a Way to Keep the Britain…s Economy Growing? 1.Paragraph 2 E Gift of talking 2.Paragraph 3 C Strength of the Creative Economy 3.Paragraph 4 D Weakness of the Creative Economy 4.Paragraph 5 B “Servant” Economy 5.Every country has its own way C to feed its people． 6.The British government doesn't seem_F to worry about the British economy_． 7.The creative industries find it difficult_E to make a profit. 8.Many graduates are employed B to do low-skill lobs. 1.In to day′s knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best．Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques．The French serve，the best food and Americans make computers． 2.Britain specializes in the gift of talking．The nation doesn′t manufacture much of anything．But it has lawyers，stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk talk and more talk．The World Foundation think tank says the UK′s four iconic jobs today are not scientists，engineers，teachers and nurses．Instead，they′re hairdressers，celebrities，management consultants and managers．But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can． 3.Although the country′s trade deficit was more than￡60 billion in 2006，UK′s l argest in the postwar period，officials say the country has nothing to worry about．In fact，Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry?and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad．It also trades services-accountancy，insurance，banking and advertising．The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy．After all，me country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud．Rock…n?roll is an English language medium，and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands．In other words，the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. 4.However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK′s exports of goods and services．The industries are finding it hard to make a profit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science，Technology and the Arts The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in ”innovation activities”，3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany(61 percent)and Sweden(47 percent)． 5.In fact，it might be better to call Britain a “servant”economy-there are at least 4 million people“in service”．The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook，clean，and take care of their children．Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree．Most employment growth has been，and will continue to be，at the low-skill end of the service sector-in shops，bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and care homes．