一、词语修辞格
（1）simile 明喻
①...a memory that seemed phonographic
②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”
③Most American remember M. T. as the father of...
④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.
⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.
⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.
⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her.
（2）metaphor 暗喻
①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…
②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.
③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A
④the last this intermezzo came to an end…
⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…
⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...
⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart
⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...
?When railroads began drying up the demand...
?...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...
?Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
?Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...
?The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.
?Her voice was a whiplash.
?and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…
?But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.
?I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
?I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.
21The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.
22I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.
23We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him
in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.
（3）metonymy 借代，转喻
①In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes
②The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"
（4）synecdoche 提喻
①The case had erupted round my head
②The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...
③But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's （5）personification 拟人
①…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…
②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…
③...to literature's enduring gratitude...
④The grave world smiles as usual...
⑤Bitterness fed on the man... ⑥America laughed with him.
⑦Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.
（6）transferred epithet 移就
①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder
②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.
③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.
④I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)
（7）hyperbole 夸张
①The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.
②I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.
③If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.
④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.
⑤...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...
⑥The cast of characters... - a cosmos.
⑦America laughed with him.
⑧The trial that rocked the world
⑨His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."
（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "
（9）euphemism 委婉语
①… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.
②...men's final release from earthly struggle
（10）irony -- the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法
①Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan
②“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .
③… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century
（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语
①My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it is a mighty strong combination.
②There is some doubt about that.
③ a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life
④the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that
（12）ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事
①Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted
②Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.
③Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.
（13）pun 双关
①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.
②Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
（14）zeugma轭式搭配法the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words usu. in such a manner that it applies to each in different sense or makes sense with only one
①-----The issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority… and the Third as a scandal…
②Ship-owners fear that saving jobs in Britain’s ailing shipyard comes before saving its merchant fleet. (Andrew Neil. Britannia Rues the Waves) 船主们担心英国把在奄奄一息的造船厂中保证就业看得比拯救商船队更重要。（15）allusion典故
Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.
（16）Litotes (double negative) (语轻意重法,间接肯定法) A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite direction.
I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay.
I was not a little upset.
二、结构修辞格
（17）parallelism 排比
①We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.
②We shall fight him by land. We shall fight him by sea. We shall fight him in the air.
③behind all this glare behind all this storm
④I see the Russian soldiers standing … I see them guarding... I see the ten thousand villages... I see that small group…
⑤that is our policy and that is our declaration
⑥We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.
⑦Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions…
（18）repetition 重复
①We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.
②He has so long thrived and prospered.
③We will never parley, we will never negotiate...
④From this nothing will turn us---nothing.
（19）anticlimax 反高潮
“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”.
（20）antithesis 对比
①Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…