Direct speech and indirect speech
授课时间：20120925
授课地点：高一（5）班
授课人：王行盛
一、Teaching contents: Discovering useful structures
二、Teaching goals: make students to master the usages of direct speech and ind
irect speech
三、Teaching procedures
Step 1: Ask students to look for the sentences of direct speech and indirect speech in the reading text on page 2.
Step 2:
Teacher explain in detail：direct speech and indirect speech
A．陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner said to me, “I like Beijing very much.”那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。
She said, “We are very fond of sports.”她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。
“I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,” he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略）
B．疑问句的间接引语
1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music ”我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？
→ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
“You haven't been to Beijing, have you ?”asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？
→ He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether or 连接。
She said, “Don't you know my telephone number”她说：你难道不知道我的电话号码吗？
→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。
“Do you like this one or that one?” Tom asked. 汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？
→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。
3．特殊疑问句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。
He asked, “How do you like it?”他问：你觉得怎样？
→ He asked me how I liked it. 他问我觉得它怎样。
She asked me, “ What's the matter with you?”她问我：你怎么啦？
→ She asked me what was the matter with me. 她问我我怎么啦。
“How many books do you have?” she asked. 她问：你有多少本书？
→ She asked me how many books I had. 她问我有多少本。
C．祈使句的间接引语
1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request 等词，句中please去掉。
She said to me, “ Please have a rest.”她对我说：请休息一下。
→ She asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。
“Don't all answer at once,” she said to the pupils. 她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫学生不要齐声回答。
2．带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。
“Let's go for a walk.” said the girl. 那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。
→ The girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散散步。
The teacher said, “ Let Lily tidy the classroom.”老师说：让莉莉整理教室。
→ The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。
D．感叹句的间接引语
直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。
“What a clever boy you are!”my teacher said to him. 老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！
→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。
→ My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。
He said, “How well you look!”他说：你看起来气色多好啊！
→ He said how well I looked. 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。
→ He said that I looked very well. 他说我看起来气色很好。
Step 3
Practice：Do exercise1-2 on page 5
Step 4 Discussion and summary
学生两人一组讨论本单元的语法现象，列出知识清单，请几组同学向全班报告他们总结的语法。老师点评各组，选出最完整正确的一组，并在此基础上总结出本单元的语法。然后完成句子填空、翻译等活动。
Step 5 Homework
Change the 10 sentences from direct speech into indirect speech.
1．She said: “He will be busy.”
2．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
3．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
4．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”
5．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
6．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”
7．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”
8．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.”
9．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”
10．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.
Teaching plan Unit 2 English around the world (Direct speech and indirect speechⅡ) Ⅰ. Teaching aims ⒈Get students to master the usages of Commands and Requests and review direct speech and indirect speech. Command: ⑴Do that now! ⑵Open the door. Request: ⑴Would you please… ? ⑵Please… ⒉Get students to practice Commands and Requests by role-playing. ⒊Get students to summarize the grammatical rules and encourage students to apply the rules into practice. Ⅱ. Key points of this period ⒈Train students’ speaking skills. ⒉Master the grammatical rules. Ⅲ. Difficult points of this period ⒈Get every student involved in the learning activities. ⒉Get every student to be active in class. Ⅳ. Teaching methods ⒈Situational Approach and Communicatinal Approach. ⒉Elicitation-Inquiry. Ⅴ. Teaching aids Blackboard, chalk, pictures, etc. Ⅵ. Teaching procedures Step 1 Lead in ⒈Review Direct speech(直接引语) : 一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内； Indirect speech (间接引语) : 用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号； ⑴陈述句: ①人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ②时态的变化： a. 如果主句的谓语是现在时或是将来时，间接引语时态不变。 b. 如果主句的谓语是一般过去时，间接引语的谓语的时态按下列规律变化：
人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。 1、引语转换时的句式变化 不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。（1）陈述句的间接引语 将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。 He s aid, “I caught[k?:t] a cold yesterday.” 他说：“我昨天感冒了。” →He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before. 他说他前天感冒了。 Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams[iɡ’z?m].” 海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。” →Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams. 海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
例题： He says,“I like singing and I want to be a singer.” 他说:“我喜欢唱歌,我想当歌手。” →He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer.他说他喜欢唱歌,想当歌手。 在此种情况下,引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略,以免误解。 （2）疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。 ①一般疑问句的间接引语 直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether或if 引导。 I asked him, “Are you satisfied[’s?t?s'fa?d]with the results[ri'z ?lt]?” 我问他：“你对这结果满意吗？” I asked him whether / if he was satisfied with the results. 我问他对这结果是否满意。 “Did you go to the British ['br?t??]Museum yesterday?” asked Kate. 凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？” Kate asked me whether / if I had gone to the British Museum the day before. 凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。 The old man said to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?” 那位老人跟一位过路人说：“请问到长城饭店的路怎么走。” The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel. 那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路。 ②选择疑问句的间接引语
人称变化的原则: 1. “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如 She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. 2. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?” →He asked Kate how her sister was then. 3. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. 句型变化原则: ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句. He said, "Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim。 ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. ④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“ Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。 如： 1."Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students. She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. 2.“Open the door, please," said she. She asked him to open the door. ⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）”如： He said, "Let's go to the movies." He suggested going to the movies. 或He suggested that they should go to see the movies. 1.“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2.“I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3.“I took it home with me.” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5.“I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______. 6.“You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7.“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8.“Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9.He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He as ked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11.“Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12.“Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 13.“Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14.“Don’t tell him the news.” she said. She told me _______ _______ him the news. 15.“Are you inte r ested in this?” he said. He ______ ______ I was int erested in ______.
高中必修一直接引语变间 接引语详解 Jenny was compiled in January 2021
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”（直接引语）→?Hesaidthathewasastudent.（间接引语） 主句从句主句从句 二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ★（二）．时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth." Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth. (三)． 时间状 语变化
★(四)．连接词? 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
初中英语直接引语变间接引语练习题 一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______. 6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there. 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______. 16. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper. 17. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 18. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 19. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet. 20. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window. 【参考答案】 1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if [whether], that 16. he, was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往 后推一个，即现在进行时am having变为过去进行时was having。 17. told, had, seen。直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have seen改为过 去完成时had seen。 18. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般过去时went改为过去完成时 had gone。 19. told, to, keep。如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb to do sth这 一结构进行转换。 20. not, to, look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb not to do sth 这一结构进行转换。 二、将所给直接引语变为间接引语 1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.” 3．S he said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
如何把直接引语转换为间接引语 引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that ．．．．引导，很多时候可省略that。例如： She said, "I am very happy to help you." →She said she was very happy to help me. She said, “I will go to Guangzhou tomorrow.” →She said that she would go to Guangzhou the next day/the following day. She said, “I have lived in Foshan for several years.” →She said that she had lived in Foshan for several years. She said, “ I am reading a book now.” →She said that she was reading a book at that time/moment. John said, “I am leaving for Paris on Wednesday” →John said that he was leaving for Paris on Wednesday. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether ．．．．．．．或if．．（是否）引导。先把直接引语变为陈述句语序，再放在whether或if后面。例如： He asked me, "Do you like playing football?" → →He asked me whether/if I liked playing football. He asked Mary, “Will you come to my birthday party?”
直接引语和间接引语 概述 1.我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种是直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。 The teacher asked,“Do you like English?”老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语） The girl said that she liked English very much.这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语） 2.一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell, ask,say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。 He told me,“I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。” “Where are you from?”asked Linda.“你来自哪里？”琳达问。 直接引语变间接引语的变化形式 1.人称代词和指示代词的变化 指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如： He said,“I came to help you.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。”→He said that he had come to help me.他说他是来帮助我的。 2.时态的变化
（1）引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。 （2）引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下： 一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时 （1）含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。 （2）若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。（3）有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 3.时间状语的变化 now → then last month → the month beforetoday → that day three days ago → three days before tonight → that night tomorrow → the next day this week → that week next month → the next monthyesterday → the day before the day after tomorr ow → in two days 4.地点状语的变化 here → there 5.谓语动词的变化 come → go 直接引语变为间接引语的情况 1.直接引语为陈述句 （1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如： He said,“I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”
语法：直接引语和间接引语 观察下面的句子，注意直接引语变为间接引语后，发生了哪些变化。 1) She said to me, “I can’t finish the work today.” She told me (that) she couldn’t finish the work that day. 2) She said to me, “Have you read this book?” She asked me whether / if I had read that book. 3) She s aid to her father, “How will you come here tomorrow?” She asked her father how he would go there the next day. 4) She said, “He left twenty minutes ago.” She said (that) he had left twenty minutes before. 5) She said, “What are you doing now?” She asked (me) what I was doing then. 小结归纳 通过以上例句我们可以发现，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等都需要进行相应的变化。 我们来归纳一下以上例句中所发生的变化： 人称(you →I )、指示代词（this →that）、时间状语（today →that day）、地点状语(here →there )、动词(come →go)等。 关于时态,需要我们特别注意：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态上一般都要相应地“退后一步”，即：一般现在时变为一般过去时，如：句1）；现在完成时变为过去完成时，如：句2）；一般将来时变为过去将来时，如：句3）；一般过去时变为过去完成时，如：句4）；现在进行时变为过去进行时，如：句5）。 直接引语变为间接引语时还会涉及到连词的使用：当直接引语是陈述句时我们可以添加that（也可以不添加），如：句1）和句4）；是一般疑问句时必须添加whether 或if，如：句2）；是特殊疑问句时仍用原来的疑问词引导，如：句3）和句5）。 如果直接引语是疑问句，那么变为间接引语时语序也要变成陈述句语序，如：句2）、句3）和句5）。 特别需要指出的是：如果直接引语的内容是客观真理或事实，或者含有一个具体的时间状语时，变为间接引语时不受主句时态的影响，如： He told me the moon moves around the earth. She said that she went to school in 1995. 即学即用 I. 请把下面的句子变成间接引语： 1. He said, “My books are better than yours.” 2. My father said, “Did you sleep well last night?” 3. He said to his sister, “Why did you buy these old books?” 4. He said, “What are you going to do tomorrow?” 5. She asked Jack, “Will you come here this afternoon?” II. 看看下面的句子有错误吗？如果有的话请改过来。 1. He asked me why he has not received the letter.
直接引语变间接引语 口诀 人称，时态，状语始终变 一主二宾三不变 时态向后退一格 状语变化见表格 陈述that 可省略 一般疑问用if(whether) 特殊疑问去助动 以上语序为陈述 祈使句选动词（tell,ask,order，beg） 将它改为不定式 详解 人称变化 一主She said. "My brother wants to go with me tomorrw. "→ She said her brother wanted to go with her the next day. 二宾Jack said to me,“You look worried today.” Jack told me that I looked worried that day. 三不变The teacher asked,”Has she read enough this week?” The teacher asked if she had read enough that week. 陈述that 可省略 She said. "I have a pen."→She said that she had a pen. She asked me , “ what is it?” →She asked me what it was. 一般疑问用if(whether) She asked me , “Do you like watching TV? ” → She asked me whether I liked w watching TV. 特殊疑问去助动 They asked: “ where do you come from?”→ They asked where you came from. 附表： 时间状语、地点状语、指示代词和动词的变化：
新课标高一英语语法项目 I.直接引语和间接引语 讲解部分： 引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。 一、直接引语变间接引语 A．陈述句的间接引语 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。 The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。 →The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。 →She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。 I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。 →He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that 可省略） B．疑问句的间接引语 1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句 一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。 My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？ →My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。 You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？ →He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。 2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句 如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether or 连接。 She said, Don't you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不知道我的电话号码吗？ →She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。 Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. 汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？ →Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。 3．特殊疑问句 间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须
直接引语和间接引语详解与习题 一、直接引语和间接引语的定义 1. 直接引语：别人直接说的话，一般直接放在引号内。如： (1) My mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can play with your friends.” (2) Our teacher said, “Class is over, we should have a rest.” 2. 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是： (1) My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends. (2) Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest. 二、直接引语与间接引语的变化 直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况： 1. 现在时间推移到过去时间 所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如： She said, “I am hungry.” → She said (that) she was hungry. Vince said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.” → Vince said he had found what was wrong with the computer. 在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：(1) 当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时： He said, “The word ‘laser’ is an acronym(首字母缩略词).” → He said the word ‘laser’ is an acronym. (2) 当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时： “I’m forty,” he said. → He sai d he is forty. (3) 当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时： He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” → He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.
直接引语与间接引语 直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号，首字母大写。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。 一、人称变化 直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称（如果没有间接宾语，可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称）；第三人称一般不改变。例如 He told me，＂I’ll give you a book when I meet you again.＂—He told me he would give me a book when he met me again. 二、时态的变化 如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。即一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时---过去进行时，一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时，过去完成时---过去完成时，过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时。等。例如 She wondered:＂When will the meeting begin.＂—She wondered when the meeting would begin.但在以下几种情况下，间接引语的时态不用变化。 1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。例如 She said,＂The earth goes around the sun＂.--She said that the earth goes around the sun. 2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。例如 He said,＂I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942. 注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask; say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如 The teacher said to me,＂I have seen your book..＂—The teacher told me that she had seen my book. 三、连接词的选择 1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略 that。主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said，也可用told来代替，可以说said that，said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可以直接说told that.主句中的谓语还常有repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, 等。例如Danny said，＂I come from Canada.＂—Danny said that he came from Canada. 2、疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know 等。 1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。例如 She asked me,＂Is he a teacher?＂—She asked me if/whether he was a teacher. 2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,＂Is Tom tall or short?＂—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short.＂You are reading,aren’t you＂he said to me.—He asked me whether I was reading or not. 3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，问号变句号。例如＂What do you want to eat?＂he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat. 3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其成为 ask