翻译硕士英语A卷2018

2018年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、词汇1.Nebraska has floods in some years, ______.（A）in others droughts（B）droughts are others（C）while other droughts（D）others in droughts2.Sir Dennis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.（A）has left（B）is to leave（C）leaves（D）is to be left3.She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby madethem______conspicuous.（A）all the more（B）all the much（C）all more（D）all much4.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he______our chairman now. （A）would have been（B）must have been（C）were（D）would be5.I______admit the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests. （A）can but（B）may not go（C）can't but（D）need but6.Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, ______ and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.（A）sailing directions are studied（B）study the sailing directions（C）to direct sailing studies（D）studies direct sailing7.All the committee members said the lecture was______a second time.（A）worth to listen to（B）worth being listened to（C）worth listening to（D）worth to listening to8.They will wonder whether their life______considerably by 2010.（A）will have changed（B）will be changing（C）will have to change（D）is going to change9.I______provided you with the money. Why didn't you ask me?（A）could have（B）had（C）must have（D）ought to have10.Unfortunately, it was after two o'clock in the morning______he arrived at a solution.（A）when（B）that（C）after（D）until11.She was the first woman elected to a full term in the United StatesSenate______her husband in either the Senate or the House of Representatives. （A）who succeeded（B）who was succeeded（C）who did not succeed（D）she didn't succeed12.The tree, the branches______are almost bare, is a very old one.（A）whose（B）in which（C）of which（D）which13.The plan______, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.（A）been made（B）has been made（C）having been made（D）having been making14.She said she wouldn't go to Beijing the next day, ______she?（A）would（B）wouldn't（C）did（D）didn't15.______he does get annoyed with her sometimes.（A）As he likes her much（B）Much although he like her（C）Although much he likes her（D）Much as he likes her16.The album might have ______had it been less expensive.（A）worked out（B）fallen through（C）caught on（D）fitted in17.My reading in later life has supplied me with some possible explanations ofhis______.（A）temperature（B）temperament（C）temptation（D）temperance18.The new speed restrictions were a______ debated issue.（A）heavily（B）hotly（C）deeply（D）profoundly19.The Japanese dollar-buying made traders eager to ______ dollars in fear of another government intervention.（A）let in（B）let out（C）let go of（D）let off20.I wouldn't say he is brilliant but he is______at his job.（A）competent（B）skillful（C）capable（D）efficient21.If you don't put the cheese in the refrigerator, it may______.（A）go at（B）go off（C）go on（D）go back22.After more than thirty years, the United States and China have begunto______their relations.（A）economize（B）normalize（C）decentralize（D）standardize23.The worker was______with indignation.（A）quiet（B）silent（C）mute（D）speechless24.The______of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.（A）implementation（B）demonstration（C）manifestation（D）expedition25.I've______a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.（A）drawn on（B）drawn back（C）drawn out（D）drawn up26.The girl was so______by the mighty river that she would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the boats and rafts going and coming.（A）absorbed（B）fascinated（C）moved（D）touched27.According to official statistics, retail sales in China rose 10% and 12% in the first and the second quarter ______this year.（A）accordingly（B）correspondingly（C）respectively（D）individually28.I hope you aren't bossing me, Molly. You are walking me out of______already. （A）order（B）breath（C）reach（D）step29.The place did not appear to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case______to traffic.（A）inadequate（B）incompatible（C）inaccessible（D）insignificant30.Most reviewers maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is______.（A）exaggerated（B）granted（C）implied（D）remedied二、阅读理解To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on " persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then to convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!31.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ______.（A）a form of persuasive salesmanship（B）the customer-centred approach（C）making goods available for purchase（D）the practice of turning goods into money32.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?（A）The needs of the market.（B）The preferences of the dealer.（C）The efficiency of production.（D）The satisfaction of the user.33.According to Paragraph One, "to move as much of these goods as possible" means______.（A）to redesign these goods for large-scale production（B）to transport goods as efficiently as possible（C）to sell the largest possible amount of goods（D）to dispose of these goods in large quantities34.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?（A）Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.（B）Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.（C）It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.（D）Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.35.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on______.（A）its social impact（B）its theoretical basis（C）its possible consequence（D）its main characteristicMost of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information , but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except " I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling. " Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, " This step has to be fixed before I'll buy. " The owner says, " It's been like that for years. " Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: "I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.The time when a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But onecouple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says " No!" to a series of charges like " You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No|" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is "And you're good looking.We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, " It sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners,if______.（A）they use proper words to carry their ideas（B）they both speak truly of their own feelings（C）they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words（D）they are capable of associating meaning with their words37."I'm letting off some steam" in Paragraph One means______.（A）I'm just calling your attention（B）I'm just saying what I don't really want to say（C）I'm just saying the opposite（D）I'm just giving off some sound38.The house-owner's example shows that he actually means______.（A）the step has been like that for years（B）he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step（C）the condition of the step is only a minor fault（D）the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiableif______.（A）linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness（B）seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior（C）taken as a developing pattern of responses（D）expressed to a series of charges40.The word " ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done______. （A）without true intention（B）light-heartedly（C）in a way of ceremony（D）with less emphasisThe establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war.While speaking out against Hitler's atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt's " quarantine the aggressor" speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler's policies. Germany's seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people.The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted "cash and carry" exports of arms to belligerent nations.A strong national defense program began.A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend-Lease Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August 1940, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war.In December 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States. 41.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does NOT mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was______.（A）the burning of the Reichstag（B）German plans for conquest（C）Nazi barbarism（D）the persecution of religious groups42.The Lend-Lease Act was designed to______.（A）help the British（B）strengthen the national defense of the United States（C）promote the Atlantic Charter（D）avenge Pearl Harbor43.American policy during the years 1935 ~ 1936 may be described as being______. （A）watchful（B）isolationist（C）peaceful（D）indifferent44.The Neutrality Act of 1939______.（A）permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations（B）antagonized Japan（C）permitted the British to trade only with the Allies（D）led to Lend-Lease Act45.The United States entered the war against Germany ______.（A）because Germany declared war（B）because Japan was an ally of Germany（C）after Germany had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact（D）after peaceful efforts had failedA controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells.DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses. DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such materials as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. , and Daniel L. Haiti called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance a-lone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the sameindividual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.46.Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects______.（A）would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations（B）would have to submit evidence for their innocence（C）could easily escape conviction of guilt（D）could be convicted of guilt as well47.DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when______.（A）the methods used for blood-cell calculation are not accurate（B）two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern（C）a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals（D）two different individuals leave two DNA samples48.To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method______.（A）is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals（B）is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern（C）is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics（D）is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying49.The attitude of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that______.（A）enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members（B）enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same person can match（C）enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same person（D）additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person50.National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that______.（A）DNA testing should be systematized（B）only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing（C）the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing（D）the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing How to answer interview questions?To start, take a tip from consultants who coach executives on how to handle media interviews. They say you can deliver the message you want to an employer, regardless of the question you're asked."Unlike some politicians, who take no notice of press questions and immediately introduce a different topic in response, job candidates must answer employers' queries," says John Barford of the interview training firm Genesis. "However, you can quickly make the transition from your answer to the important points you want to convey about your qualifications," he says.He advises candidates at job interviews to apply the formula Q = A + 1 : Q is the question; A is the answer; + is the,fridge to the message you want to deliver; and 1 is the point you want to make.Diligent preparation is also necessary to effectively answer any interview question, say senior executives. They give a number of useful tips: -Learn as much as you can beforehand. Ask company employees questions prior to job interviews to gain as much insight as you can. If the company is publiclyowned, find out how viable it is by reading shareholder reports. You can then tailor what you say to the company's issues.Be prepared for questions that require you to show how you handled difficult challenges. These questions require stories in response, but as it's unlikely that you'll have one that fits every situation, try to recall some from your past experience that show how you coped with a range of issues.Count on being asked about a past mistake or blemish on your career record, and don't try to dodge the issue. Ms. Murphy, president of the Murphy Group, a media interview training firm, says that it's important to steer clear of lies at all costs. Just answer the question and move on.When discussing a mistake, focus on the positive outcomes. " You learn as much by dropping the ball as you do by catching it," says senior executive Mr. Friedmann. When he was being interviewed for his current job, he mentioned he had been involved in many successful turnarounds and one that failed. " And I said how I'd benefited in many ways from going through that experience," he says.Answer the following questions, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.51.According to the writer, what do some politicians ignore?52.To allow them to communicate their main points, what are interviewees recommended to follow?53.From whom do senior executives advise candidates to request information before an interview?54.What does the head of an interview training firm advise people to avoid telling?55.What do senior executives advise candidates to focus on when talking about a past mistake?写作---为题目类型56.Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?You should write about 400 words on this topic.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.答案：1-5.ADADC 6-10.BCAAB CDD 16-20.CBBCA21-25.BBDCD 26-30.BCBCA 31-35.BCCAD 36-40.CABCC41-45.ABBAA 46-50.DBBBB51.Press questions．52.The formula Q=A+1．pany employees．54.Lies．55.The positive outcomes．56. How Technology Affects Human RelationshipsIt’s great that we have the technology to connect with people across the globe instantly, but there’s also a sense of disconnection. If there’s an internet-capable device with a screen anywhere nearby, the immediate world doesn’t get our full attention. Therefore, the long-term impact of technology on personal interactions is not a positive trend.Technology makes conversations context shortage. One issue with technology and relationships is the inability to detect tone. I can’t really know when someone is being sarcastic, serious or joking. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve wondered what someone meant by their words—whether on social media, in a text or over email. Unless I see the person’s face, hear their voice and understand the environment, I have no idea the context surrounding the written words. Misunderstandings, miscommunications and assumptions result, which have an impact on how we view others.Technology fails to deliver essential personal touch. Sometimes I just need a hug, a handshake or a pat on the back. Once in a while, I get "stickers" and "emojis" on social media. Those symbol or smiley face is cute, but it doesn’t make me feel a personal connection with the poster. Do you use technology to pet your dog or cat? Not likely. Sometimes we fail to realize that, as humans, we’re also animals that need personal touch.Technology-addiction can lead to cocooning. For addicting to the convenience brought by technology, some people stay at home and become mouse potato. Technology takes them out of the physical world. And like many addictions, there are serious implications on number and quality of human relationships. Conversations through social media and email take the place of traditional interactions and discussions; eventually, a person doesn’t need to leave the house to communicate with others. This phenomenon leads to social isolation that can be crippling for some people.All in all, technology paints a pretty gloomy picture on human interaction. But it teaches us the value of balancing our offline and online communications with others. I believe the best approach is to use technology appropriately, so that it supplements our relationships rather than replaces them.。

2018年翻译硕士考研英语练习题及答案I. V ocabulary and grammar (30’)Multiple choicesDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field.A. contradictB. reformC. counterD. protest2. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________.A. minorityB. scarcityC. rarityD. minimum3. Professor Johnson’s retirement _______ from next January.A. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect4. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.A. financeB. expandC. enlargeD. budget5. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region.A. concentratedB. extensiveC. intenseD. intensive6. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied7. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out8. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s _________ rather than the company’s.A. benefitB. availabilityC. suitabilityD. convenience9. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.A. markB. signalC. signD. gesture10. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightlyB. sparselyC. hardlyD. rarely11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were12. With some men dressing down and some other men flaunting their looks, it is really hard to tell they are gay or _________.A. straightB. homosexualC. beautifulD. sad13. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to14. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came15. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be16. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of17. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make18. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but19. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman20. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed… takeB. had betrayed… tookC. has betrayed… tookD. has betrayed… takeII. Reading comprehension (40’)Section 1 multiple choice (20’)Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Governments financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always hadbragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nati on’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations.D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separatist.B. conventional.C. feudal.D. political3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people’s desire for devolution.B. locals’ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people’s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town’s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage BThe miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food, warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labor unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labor-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Socia l Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a pe rson’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed pla n administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away fro m guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.6. Why does the author say at the beginnin g “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.7. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standard.D. people’s social values.8. Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA. the corporate lay-offs.B. the government cuts in welfare spending.C. the economic restructuring.D. the warning power of labors unions.9. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly becauseA. the 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.10. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. The 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.Section 2 Answering questions (20’)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions 1～3For 40 years the sight of thousands of youngsters striding across the open moorland has been as much an annual fixture as spring itself. But the 2,400 school pupils who join the grueling Dartmoor Ten Tors Challenge next Saturday may be among the last to take part in the May tradition. The trek faces growing criticism from environmentalists who fear that the presence of so many walkers on one weekend threatens the survival of some of Dartmoor’s internationally rare bird species.The Ten Tors Challenge takes place in the middle of the breeding season, when the slightest disturbance can jeopardize birds’ chances of reproducing successfully. Experts at the RSPB and the Dartmoor National Park Authority fear that the walkers could frighten birds and even crush eggs. They are now calling for the event to be moved to the autumn, when the breeding season is over and chicks should be well established. Organisers of the event, which is led by about 400 Territorial Army volunteers, say moving it would be impractical for several reasons and would mean pupils could not train properly for the 55-mile trek. Dartmoor is home to 10 rare species of ground-nesting birds, including golden plovers, dunlins and lapwings. In some cases, species are either down to their last two pairs on the moor or are facing a nationwide decline.Emma Parkin, South-west spokeswoman for the PASPB, took part in the challenge as a schoolgirl. She said the society had no objections to the event itself but simply wanted it moved to another time of year. “It is a wonderful activity for the children who take part bu t, having thousands of people walking past in one weekend when birds are breeding is hardly ideal,” she said. “We would prefer it to take place after the breeding and nesting season is over. There is a risk of destruction and disturbance. If the walkers put a foot in the wrong place they can crush the eggs and if there is sufficient disturbance the birds might abandon the nest.” Helen Booker, an RSPB upland conservation officer, said there was no research into the scale of the damage but there was little do ubt the walk was detrimental. “If people are tramping past continually it can harm the chances of successful nesting. There is also the fear of direct trampling of eggs.” A spokesman for the Dartmoor National Park Authority said the breeding season on the moor lasted from earlyMarch to mid-July, and the Ten Tors Challenge created the potential for disturbance for March, when participants start training.To move the event to the autumn was difficult because children would be on holiday during the training period. There was a possibility that some schools in the Southwest move to a four-term year in 2004, “but until then any change was unlikely. The authority last surveyed bird life on Dartmoor two year ago and if the next survey showed any further decline, it would increase pressure to move the Challenge,” he said.Major Mike Pether, secretary of the army committee that organises the Challenge, said the event could be moved if there was the popular will. “The Ten Tors has been running for 42 years and it has always been at this time of the year. It is almost in tablets of stone but that’s not to say we won’t consider moving if there is a consensus in favour. However, although the RSPB would like it moved, 75 per cent of the people who take part want it to stay as it is,” he said. Major Pether said the trek could not be moved to earlier in the year because it would conflict with the lambing season, most of the children were on holiday in the summer, and the winter weather was too harsh.Datmoor National Park occupies some 54 sq km of hills topped by granite outcrops known as “Tors” with the highest Tor-capped hill reaching 621m. The valleys and dips between the hills are often sites of bogs to snare the unwary hiker. The moor has long been used by the British Army as a training and firing range. The origin of the event stretches back to 1959 when three Army officers exercising on the moor thought it would provide a challenge for civilians as well as soldiers. In the first year 203 youngsters took up the challenges. Since then teams, depending on age and ability, face hikes of 35, 45 or 55 miles between 10 nominated Tors over two days. They are expected to carry everything they need to survive.1. What is the Ten Tors Challenge? Give a brief introduction of its location and history.2. Why is it suggested that the event be moved to the autumn or other seasons?3. What are the difficulties if the event is moved to the autumn or other seasons?Questions 4～5Mike and Adam Hurewitz grew up together on Long Island, in the suburbs of New York City. They were very close, even for brothers. So when Adam’s liver started failing, Mike offered to give him half of his. The operation saved Adam’s life. But Mike, who went into the hospital in seemingly excellent health, developed a complication—perhaps a blood colt—and died last week. He was 57. Mike Hurewitz’s death has prompted a lot of soul searching in the transplant community. Was it a tragic fluke or a sign that transplant surgery has reached some kind of ethical limit? The Mount Sinai Medical Center, the New York City hospital where the complex double operation was performed, has put on hold its adult living donor liver transplant program, pending a review of Hurewitz’s death. Mount Sinai has performed about 100 such operation s in the past three years.A 1-in-100 risk of dying may not seem like bad odds, but there’s more to this ethical dilemma than a simple ratio. The first and most sacred rule of medicine is to do no harm. “For a normal healthy person a mortality rate 1% is h ard to justify,” says Dr. John Fung, chief of transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. “If the rate stays at 1%, it’s just not going to be accepted.” On the other hand, there’s an acute shortage of traditional donor organs from people who have died in accidents or suffered fatal heart attacks. If family members fullyunderstand the risks and are willing to proceed, is there any reason to stand in their way? Indeed, a recent survey showed that most people will accept a mortality rate for living organ donors as high as 20%. The odds, thankfully, aren’t nearly that bad. For kidney donors, for example, the risk ranges from 1 in 2, 500 to 1 in 4, 000 for a healthy volunteer. That helps explain why nearly 40% of kidney transplants in the U.S. come from living donors.The operation to transplant a liver, however, is a lot trickier than one to transplant a kidney. Not only is the liver packed with blood vessels, but it also makes lots of proteins that need to be produced in the right ratios for the body to survive. When organs from the recently deceased are used, the surgeon gets to pick which part of the donated liver looks the best and to take as much of it as needed. Assuming all goes well, a healthy liver can grow back whatever portion of the organ is missing, sometimes within a month.A living-donor transplant works particularly well when an adult donates a modest portion of the liver to a child. Usually only the left lobe of the organ is required, leading to a mortality rate for living-donors in the neighborhood of 1 in 500 to 1 in 1, 000. But when the recipient is another adult, as much as 60% of the donor’s liver has to be removed. “There really is very little margin for error,” says Dr. Fung. By way of analogy, he suggests, think of a tree. “An adult-to-child living-donor transplant is like cutting off a limb. With an adult-to-adult transplant, you’re splitting the trunk in half and trying to keep both halves alive.”Even if a potential donor understand and accepts these risks, that doesn’t necessarily mean the operation should proceed. All sorts of subtle pressures can be brought to bear on such a decision, says Dr. Mark Siegler, director of the MacLean for Clinical Medical Ethics at the University of Chicago. “Sometimes the sicker the pa tient, the greater the pressure and the more willing the donor will be to accept risks.” If you feel you can’t say no, is your decision truly voluntary? And if not, is it the medical community’s responsibility to save you from your own best intentions?Transplant centers have developed screening programs to ensure that living donors fully understand the nature of their decision. But unexamined, for the most part, is the larger issue of just how much a volunteer should be allowed to sacrifice to save another human being. So far, we seem to be saying some risk is acceptable, although we’re still vaguer about where the cutoff should be. There will always be family members like Mike Hurewitz who are heroically prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for a loved one. What the medical profession and society must decide is if it’s appropriate to let them do so.4. Describe in your own words the liver transplant between the two brothers Mike and Adam.5. What is the major issue raised in the article?III. Writing (30’)Some people see education simply as going to school or college, or as a means to secure good jobs; other people view education as a lifelong process. In your opinion, how important is education to people in the modern society?Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.翻译硕士英语模练习参考答案I. V ocabulary and grammar (30’)1-10 DABAC ACDDB11-20 AABBD ACBBCII. Reading comprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)1. C2. A3. D4. B5. A6. D7. A8. C9. B 10. BSection 2 Answe ring questions (20’)Key points1. located in Dartmoor Park/with 54 sq km of hills covered by “Tors”/an event starting from 1959/young people walking over a distance of 55-mile trek in two days/in Spring (May)/ a kind of outdoor physical training2. enviro nmentalism/threatening of some “internationally rare bird species”/breeding season/nesting season/destroying eggs/frightening birds/declining of birds3. if moved to autumn/children “on holiday” during the training period/majority unwilling to change the time/if moved earlier: lambing season/winter: too harsh and cold4. Mike and Adam/one’s liver “failing”, Mike donated half of his liver/Adam survived/Mike, the healthy brother, due to the “complication” developed in the operation, died after the successful transplant5. when there is a risk of donors’ dying from organ transplant between family members/1 in 100 risk/higher or lower/Shall such transplant operations be encouraged?/different viewpoints/heated argumentIII. Writing (30’)Education as a Lifelong ProcessWhen we talk about education, we can easily think of schools, colleges and young people. As a matter of fact, education is so important in modern society that it can be viewed as a lifelong process.Firstly, it’s the requirement of fast-developing society to receive education despite of your age. Our world is changing dramatically with the development of new science and technology. A person who completed his education at school in the 1970s or the 1980s may have encountered new problems when he is working now. The problems might have something to do with his major or other aspects. For example an accountant now must master the skills of accounting through computers, which is a basic tool for him, so he should also learn how to apply his job in a computer no matter how old he is.Secondly, education creates human character and moralities. Through education, youth may learn how to make contributions to the world. And the old may learn new things to enrich their lives. Through education, a healthy person can become stronger and a disabled person can have a new hope on his life. Man can find great pleasure in education.Thirdly, our modem society has provided everyone with the chance to receive education. As long as you wish you could get education by attending night-schools, adult colleges, trainingcenters and even long-distance education through Internet and TV.In a word, knowledge is boundless, and life is limited. So education is a lifelong process.。

贵州财经大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》试题A卷PART I VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR (30%)Directions: There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.What’s the chance of ______ a white Christmas this year?A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be2.The situation in that region was ____ even experienced political observers found it quite hardto predict.A. so as toB. such as toC. so thatD. such that3.At the edge of the land lies the ocean, _____ the earth is covered with water.A. whereB. whichC. that C. when4.The meeting was put off because we ______ a meeting without John.A. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to havingD. objected to have5.He worked in the library, but he is ______than a librarian.A. much more literary criticB. more a 1iterary criticC. more of a literary criticD. a 1iterary critic6.The party was hosted by the minister himself in grandeur, we _____so casually.A. needn’t dress upB. mustn’t dress upC. needn’t have dressed upD. shouldn’t have dressed up7.He is not under arrest, _____ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed8.She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, _____?A. hadn’t she?B. hasn’t sheC. wouldn’t sheD. didn’t she9.It is absolutely essential that William ______ his study in spite of learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continueC. continuedD. continues10.The central provinces have floods in some years, and _____.A. drought in othersB. droughts are othersC. while other droughtsD. others in drought11.He spent his spare time playing computer games, to the___of all other hobbies.A. extensionB. exclusion第 1 页共7 页。

2018江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语考研真题注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.Since the couple would not _____ their differences, they decided to get a divorce.A. resignB. complyC. coincideD. reconcile2.Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt ____ lonely.A. everything butB. all butC. anything butD. nothing but3. If each manager makes his usual speech, the meeting will be _____ about 45 minutes.A. exceededB. delayedC. prolongedD. expanded4.The boy’s father said, “You’ll learn what discipline is like when you go into the army. You can’t do as you like there, you know, you have to _____.”5.If profit and money are your first ______, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.A. potentialityB. priorityC. superiorityD. responsibility6.Her stubbornness _____ her in relationships with other people.A. prevailedB. prohibitedC. hinderedD. forbade7.So far as he could, John had always tried to _____ the example he saw in Lincoln.A. live up toB. set forthC. call forD. cut out8.With sufficient scientific information a manned trip to Mars should be _______.A. obtainableB. potentialC. considerableD. feasible9.The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the workforce.A. conferenceB. participationC. interventionD. consultation10. There is not much time left; so I’ll tell you about it _______.A. in detailB. in beliefC. in shortD. in all11. ______ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is not new.A. ThatB. ThoseC. WhatD. Whether12. He must have had an accident, or he ______ then.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC, should be hereD. would be here13.The second book was _____ by August 1952, but two years later, the end was still nowhere insight.A. completedB. to have completedC. to completeD. to have been completed14.Only by shouting at the top of his voice ______.A. was he able to make himself hearB. he was able to make himself hearC. he was able to make himself heardD. was he able to make himself heard15. Having no money but _____ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB. not wanting anyoneC. want no oneD. to want no one16.People who refuse to _____ with the law will be punished.A. obeyB. consentC. concealD. comply17.These excursions will give you an ever deeper ____ into our language and culture.A. inquiryB. investigationC. inputD. insight18.Every society has its own peculiar customs and _____ of acting.A. waysB. behaviorC. attitudesD. means19.If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of _____.A. assuranceB. persuasionC. encouragementD. confirmation20.China started its nuclear power industry only in recent years, and should _____ no time in catching up.A. delayB. loseC. lagD. LessenII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The report from the Bureau of Labour Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16‐year high of 7.6 percent, as 598,000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single‐month decline since December, 1974. With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we’re doing well or d oing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics aren’t an objective measure of reality; they are simply a best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult.First, there is the way the data is assembled. The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60,000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the “payroll survey” that assesses 400,000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll surveycan easily double‐count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up as two workers. The payroll survey also doesn’t capture the number of self‐employed, and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income. The household survey has a larger problem. When asked straightforwardly, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and are asked if you’re employed, and you say yes, you’re employed. If you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn that you are only unemployed if you’ve been actively looking for work in the past four weeks; otherwise, you are “marginally attached to the labour force” and not actually unemployed.The urge to quantify is embedded in our society. But the idea that statisticians can then capture an objective reality isn’t just impossible. It also leads to serious misjudgments. Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but a more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimates rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye and an open mind.21.What do we learn from the first passage?A.The US economic situation is going from bad to worse.B.Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs.C.The US government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls.D.The recent economic crisis has taken the US by surprise.22.What does the author think of the unemployment figures and other statistics?A. They form a solid basis for policy‐makingC. They signal future economic trendsB. They represent the current situation.D. They do fully reflect the reality.23. One problem with the payroll survey is that _____.A. it does not include all the businessesC. it magnifies the number of the joblessB. it fails to count in the self‐employedD. it does not treat all companies equally24.The household survey can be faulty in that ______.A.people tend to lie when talking on the phoneB.not everybody is willing or ready to respondC.some people won’t provide truthful informationD.the definition of unemployment is too broad25.At the end of the passage, the author suggests that ______.A.statisticians improve their data assembling methodsB.decision‐makers view the statistics with a critical eyeC.politicians listen more before making policy decisionsD.Democrats and Republicans cooperate on crucial issues.Passage 2A few years back, the decision to move the Barnes, a respected American art institution, from its current location in the suburban town of Merion, Pa., to a site in Philadelphia’s museum district caused an argument‐‐‐not only because it shamelessly went against the will of the founder, Albert C. Barnes, but alsobecause it threatened to dismantle a relationship among art, architecture and landscape critical to the Barnes’s success as a museum.For any architect taking on the challenge of the new space, the confusion of moral and design questions might seem overwhelming. What is an architect’s responsibi lity to Barnes’s vision of a marvelous but odd collection of early Modern artworks housed in a rambling 1920s Beaux‐Arts pile? Is it possible to reproduce its spirit in such a changed setting? Or does trying to replicate the Barnes’s unique atmosphere only doom you to failure? The answers of the New York architects taking the commission are not reassuring.The new Barnes will include many of the features that have become virtually mandatory in the museum world today‐‐‐conservation and education departments, temporary exhibition space, auditorium, bookstore, café‐‐‐ making it four times the size of the old Barnes. The architects have tried to compensate for this by laying out these spaces in an elaborate architectural procession that is clearly intended to replicate the peacefulness, if not the fantastic charm, of the old museum.But the result is a complicated design. Almost every detail seems to ache from the strain of trying to preserve the spirit of the original building in a very different context. The failure to do so, despite such an earnest effort, is the strongest argument yet for why the Barnes should not be moved in the first place.The old Barnes is by no means an obvious model for a great museum. Inside the lighting is far from perfect, and the collection itself, mixing masterpieces by Cezanne, Picasso and Soutine with second‐rate paintings by lesser‐known artists, has a distinctly odd flavor. But these apparent flaws are also what have made the Barnes one of the country’s most charming exhibition spaces.But today the new Barnes is after a different kind of audience. Although museum officials say the existing limits on crowd size will be kept, it is clearly meant to draw bigger numbers and more tourists dollars. For most visitors the relationship to the art will feel less immediate.26.The Old Barnes becomes a successful museum mainly because of _______.A.the beneficial geographical position in a suburban townB.its unique design and orderly collection of artsC.the influence of its founder Albert C. BarnesD.the perfect connection among art, architecture and landscape27.The biggest challenge architects face in building the new Barnes is _______.A.the ethical and design problemsB.the difficulty to retain its original peacefulnessC.the lack of confidence in undertaking the taskD.the difficulty to put all the artworks in a smaller space28.According to the passage, the new Barnes will ______.A. be completely the same as the old oneC. be changed into an art education centerB. take up more space than the old oneD. be forced to be modern in appearance29.Why does the author oppose to relocate the Barnes?A.The relocation means disrespect to the person who runs it.B.Architectures’ complicated design will make the museum charmless.C.The spirit of the old Barnes will be gone in a different place.D.The multiple functions of the new Barnes will destroy the collection.30.What do we know about the old Barnes from the fifth paragraph?A.It is a food example of the great modern museums.B.It is downgraded by the mixture of different paintings.C.The world‐famous painters’ works make it a charming place.D.It is the seeming imperfection that makes it attractive.Passage 3For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well‐known example. If the Green mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections(圆锥曲线), zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.31. The most important advances made by mankind come from _____.A. technical applicationsB. apparently useless informationC. the natural sciencesD. philosophy32. The author does not include among the sciences the study of _______.A. chemistryB. astronomyC. economicsD. anthropology33. In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _____.A. the value of technical researchB. the value of pure researchC. philosophyD. scientific foundations34. The title below that best expressed the ideas of this passage is _______.A. Technical ProgressB. A Little Learning Is a Dangerous ThingC. Man’s Distinguishing CharacteristicsD. Le arning for Its Own Sake35. The practical scientist _______.A. knows the value of what he will discoverB. is interested in the unknownC. knows that the world existsD. conceives of contemporary lifePassage 4Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop‐lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $ 3 000 000’s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK$150 million a year, and represents about 4 percent of the shop’s total stock. As a result of this “shrinkage” as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shoplifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can’t help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two‐way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shoplifting. The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law‐biding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shoplifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent‐mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in shop‐lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, theother 999 999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years’ time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body‐search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!36. Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?A. There is “shrinkage” in market values.B. Many goods are not available.C. Goods in many shops lack varietyD. There are many cases of shoplifting37. The third group of people steal things because they _______.A. are mentally illB. are quite absent‐mindedC. can not resist the temptationD. can not afford to pay for goods38.According to the passage, law‐abiding citizens ______.A.can possibly steal things because of their povertyB.can possibly take away goods without payingC.have never stolen goods from the supermarketsD. are difficult to be caught when they steal things39.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop‐lifting?A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionalsB.The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C.People would expect that those who can’t help themselves are poor.D.The professionals don’t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.40 The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that _______.A. “the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the stores”B. some people “simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops”C. “ the honest public has to pay higher prices”D. the third type of shoplifters are dangerous peopleIII. Translation A(20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1.In 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively ‐‐‐and therefore make bad decisions ‐‐‐when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with an object makes you committed to your purchase.2.The basic delivery system for the distance‐education mega‐universities is television, supplemented by other technologies or even some online instruction inmore developed countries. Some distance‐education systems use two‐way interactive video connections to particular locations where students gather; others supplement with the Internet, and still others deliver only by Internet. With video‐and audio ‐streaming now available, the Internet appears to be the technology of choice for systems where students have access to computers. Of course, these technologies merely add to the radio‐delivered courses that have been offered for years in many countries around the world.IV. Translation B (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into English. Please write your version in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1.中国是一个发展中的大国，在工业化的过程中，环境问题比较突出，因此国家把环境保护列为一项基本国策。

昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (1x30=30 points)In this section, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four choicess marked A, B, C and D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Peter is one of the greatest of our public benefactors. He_____ the cathedral at Hampton.A. resurrectedB. repairedC. savedD. restored2. The last of the sunlight was shining _____ the latticed window.A. athwartB. throughC. intoD. over3. The need of college students to control their own destinies has ______ a new series of policiesfrom the administration.A. movedB. promptedC. stimulatedD. seduced4. The boy had been so mistreated that he was faced with a vast, uncomprehending ___ everyday.A. hesitationB. difficultyC. uneaseD. uncertainty5. He ______ under oath that the woman had not been at the scene of the crime.A. testedB. contestedC. protestedD. testified6. Perspective in drawing gives the ______ of depth.A. delusionB. disillusionmentC. disillusionD. illusion7. Ron thanked his ______ for helping him through a tough time.A. benefactorB. beneficiaryC. contestantD. arbitrate8. They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid _______ on non-violence.A. postureB. stanceC. attitudeD. approach9. The budgets of several departments will require pruning. All the following can replace theunderlined part EXCEPT _______.A. trimmingB. choppingC. snippingD. mincing10. All of the women _______ at how well formed the baby was.A. acclaimedB. declaimedC. exclaimedD. proclaimed11. In Britain, the sovereign _______ but does not govern.A. reinsB. reignsC. deignsD. feigns第 1 页共9页。

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重庆邮电大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
机密★启用前
重庆邮电大学
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称：翻译硕士英语
科目代码： 211
考生注意事项
1、答题前，考生必须在答题纸指定位置上填写考生姓名、报考
单位和考生编号。

2、所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他地方无效。

3、填（书）写必须使用0.5mm黑色签字笔。

4、考试结束，将答题纸和试题一并装入试卷袋中交回。

5、本试题满分150分，考试时间3小时。

注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，试卷上作答无效！第1页（共16页）
第 1 页，共 16 页。

《商务笔译》2015级商务英语专业 第1 页 共 3 页___________大学20___ — 20___学年度第二学期期末考试《商务笔译》试题卷号：A 完成时限： 90 分钟 适用专业：商务英语 一、填空题（共10分，每小题1分）（给出缩略词的英语全称和汉语意思）1. IDA ____________________________ _________________________2. CPA ____________________________ _________________________3. RSVP ____________________________ _________________________4. COCOM ____________________________ _________________________5. GSP ____________________________ _________________________6. CIF ____________________________ _________________________7. CBD ____________________________ _________________________8. D/D ____________________________ _________________________9. FOB ____________________________ _________________________ 10. EMU ____________________________ _________________________二、句子汉译英（共30分，每小题3分）（把下列汉语句子译成通顺的英语）11. 产品的革新是国企改革措施之一，因为它可以减少损失、降低成本和预算。

2018 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码： 211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语1. Part 1 Vocabulary and structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and,D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.This television set is an improvement earlier models.A. withB. byC. onD. for2.We are our holiday pictures on to a screen so that lots of people can see them at the same time.A. reflectingB. castingC. throwingD. projecting3.Nevertheless,tasks and duties are the central feature, and should therefore be considered as a separate in themselves.A. resultB.effectC. issueD. outcome4.Leadership is the heart of the managerial process, because it initiating action.A.involvesB.engagesC.consistsD.contains5.Small firms are counting the of sickness among employees.A.costB.priceC.chargeD.expense6.The most common of absence was minor illness, such as colds or flu.A.reasonB.symptomC.causeD.motive7.These days in business, people have to face many challenging questions and implementing new projects in underdeveloped areas of the countryside.A.designingB.conspiringC.drawingD.scheming8.The project was carried out with disturbance last summer.A.bareB.smallestC.leastD.minimal9.One of the most important features in any business is communication. Good communications are required at all of the business process.A.stagesB.gradesC.partsD.degrees10.Have you made up your mind yet where you are going to spend your holiday?A. so thatB.such asC.as toD. in case11.The firm is looking for a new for another branch office.A. spotB. pointC. sceneD. site12.Water is to fish air is to man.A.thatB. whichC. whatD. how13.is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposals.A. AsB. ThatC. WhichD. What14.This book has been in the works so long that I have lost of most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.A. traceB. trailC. trackD. touch15.The audience waited in silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.A. respectiveB. respectC. respectfulD. respectable16.Modern appliances us from a good deal of household work. For instance, the dryer frees us from hanging the laundry.A.escape B . benefit C. liberate D. comfort17.Market research, in with a number of other approaches in marketing, suffers from the frequent complaint that it is not really accurate.A.associationmonC.additionD.connection18.If you have ever been told by your boss to improve you knowledge of a foreign language you’ll know that doesn’t come quickly.A.gainB.resultC.successD.outcome19.No other business course is as and the unique radio-magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining.A.adjustableB.flexibleC.convertibleD.variable20.Her new mobile phone costs her the one she bought last year.A.twiceB. twice as much asC. twice more thanD. as much twice as21.There is scarcity of teachers in the countryside. People have become teachers.A.not better like youB.as not good as youC.no better than youD.better not than you22.Could you tell me the name of the ?A.ugly,little,yellow, fly-like insectB.little, ugly,yellow,fly-like insectC.yellow,little,ugly,fly-like insectD.yellow,fly-like,ugly,little insect23.She had an operation on her breast for cancer two years ago, but she is .A.very goodB. very wellC.in good conditionD.quite healthy24.On this desk, you will find a clock,which was the only thing left to him by his father.A.little exquisite antique SwissB.exquisite antique little SwissC.little antique exquisite SwissD.Swiss little antique exquisite25.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A. in this wayB. in thatC. in whichD. in order to26.trouble, I shall forget the whole thing.A.Rather than causedB. Than rather causedB.C. Than rather causing D. Rather than cause27.The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if something pleasant in the past.A. to rememberB. rememberedC. having been rememberedD. remembering28.Reading efficiency means the of a reading task within an appropriate time frame and with appropriate comprehension.A. accomplishmentmittedC.contentmentplement29.The payment that the motorist will have to effect will be to the amount of the damage he has done to the other person’s car.A. applicableparableC. proportionalD.attributed30.People including scientists still explain many of the natural .A.phenomenonB.phenomenonsC. phenomenaD.phenomenasPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Items 31-35 are based on the following passage:Labor MarketIn economics, labor is a measure of the work done by human beings. It is conventionally contrasted with such other factors of production as land and capital. It is always treated as acommodity——something bought and sold in the marketplace. And the wage rate, which a firm pays for an hour of labor, is regarded as the price of that commodity.Of course, labor is different from other things that are traded. First, sellers of other commodities do not care who buys their product, as long as they get the market price. Sellers of labor, on the other hand, care very much who buys their labor, because that firm becomes their employer. This gives sellers of labor an interest in working conditions, friendly coworkers, commuting distance, possibilities for advancement, prestige, a sense of fulfillment and more. A second distinct feature of labor is the special meaning of the price in this market: the wage rate. Most of the incomes people earn over their lifetimes will come from their jobs——from selling their labor——so their wage rate will determine how well they can feed, clothe, house, and otherwise provide for themselves and their families. Differences in wages thus bring up vital issues of equity and fairness in the economy.Labor markets may be local or national (even international) in their scope and are made up of smaller, interacting labor markets for different qualifications, skills, and geographical locations. They depend on exchange of information between employers and job seekers about wage rates, conditions of employment, level of competition, and job location.Labor Market EquilibriumThe demand for labor has increased because of technological change and the accumulation of capital. Many people are surprised about the fact. They see new technologies destroying jobs, not creating them. Downsizing became catchword of the 1990s as the computers and information age took hold and eliminated millions of “good” jobs, even of managers. So how can it be that technological change creates jobs and increase the demand for labor?Technological change destroys some jobs and creates others. But it creates more than it destroys, and on average the new jobs pay more than the old ones did. But to benefit from the advances in technology, people must acquire new skills and change their jobs. For example, during the past 15 years, the demand for typists has fallen almost to zero. But the demand for people who can type (on a computer rather than a typewriter) and do other things as well has increased. And the output of these people is worth more than that of a typist. So the demand for people with typing skills has increased.The supply of labor has increased because of population growth and technological change and capital accumulation in the home. The mechanization of home production of fast-food preparation services ( the freezer and the microwave oven) and laundry services (the automatic washer and dryer and drip drying clothing) has decreased the time spent on activities that once were full-time jobs inside the home and has led to a large increase in the supply of labor. As a result, the supply of labor has steadily increased, but a slower pace than the demand for labor.Because technological advances and capital accumulation have increased demand by more than the population growth and technological change in home production has increased supply, both wage and employment have increased. But not everyone has shared in the advancing。