大学体验英语大二下学期
汉译英
P17
随着职务的提升，他担负的责任更大了
With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.
他感到他没有必要再一次为约翰承担这样的责任了
He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.
闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露西却喜欢待在家里看书
Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.
说好听点，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是没有良心或没有资格的权力追求者。At best he’s ambitious, at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications
我们已尽全力想说服他，但却毫无进展
We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.
P24
因特网的普及给人们提供了迅速方便地获取信息的机会。
The popularity of Internet provides people with quick and convenient access to information.
既然他不同意这个计划，在考虑此事就没多大意义
Since he doesn’t agree to this plan, there is not much point in thinking about i t any more.
我本人没有看过这部影片，不过他应该是一部很好的片子
I haven't seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a very good film.
如果你不努力，终将一事无成。
If you don't work hard, you'll end up nowhere.
美国有义务首先采取行动禁止核武器
It's up to the United States to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons.
P43
要是他适合当校长，那么哪个学生都可以当。
He is no more fit to be a headmaster than any schoolboy would be.
至于她父亲，她不敢肯定他是否会接收她和她的小孩
As for her father, she is not sure whether he will accept her and her baby.
晚睡会损害健康，而早睡早起有益于健康
Staying up late will undermine one’s health while going to bed early and getting up early will benefit it.
大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候
The ambassador personally conveyed the president’s message to the premier
这个女孩决定敞开心扉，把她看见的一切告诉警方
The girl decided to open up and tell the police what she had seen.
P50
过量的运动对身体弊多利少，所以我们必须控制运动量。
Excessive exercises does more harm than good to one’s health. Therefore we must control the amount of exercise we do.
他几次试图加入他们的谈话，但都由于胆小而放弃了。
He made a few attempts to join in their conversation, but he gave up out of timidness.
就方便快捷而言，火车无法与飞机竞争。
Trains cannot compete with planes in terms of convenience and speed.
就中美文化做一对比会有助于你尽快明白和适应在美国的学习环境
Making a comparison between Chinese and American cultures will help you to better understand and adapt to your study environment in the USA.
在公共汽车上年轻人给老弱病残让座是中国人的传统美德
It is a traditional Chinese virtue for the young on buses to yield their seats to the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled.
P66
理个发他要收500元，简直不可思议。
It is simply unbelievable for him to change 500 dollars for a haircut.
人民赋予你权力，你就应该全心全意为人们服务。
People grant you the privilege, so you should serve the people wholeheartedly
天气预报很重要，依据它我们才能决定什么时候出航。
The weather forecast is very important so that we can decide when to go to sea.
炮声发破了往常周日早晨的宁静，人们强烈预感到战争就要来临。
The sound of guns violated the usual calmness of Sunday morning, and people had a strong feeling that the war was coming.
即使你每分钟看3页，到本周末你无论如何也看不完这本书。
Even though you read three pages per minute, you will by no means finish the book by the end of this weekend.
P73
他无须认真考虑就可以轻易击败对手。
He can beat his opponent easily without giving a second thought.
在根本不懂驾驶技术的情况下，他居然把车开上了公路。
With little or no knowledge of driving, he drove the car onto the road.
对这座桥梁的施工未经许可进行更改是违法的。
It is illegal to make an unauthorized change in the construction of the bridge.
我会平静地接受这个事实，因为我知道如果我完不成任务，全队就有可能面临失败
I could accept this fact calmly because I knew if I were not able to finish the mission, chances were that the team would be defeated.
偏远山区里的孩子们严重缺乏科学文化知识。
Children in remote mountain areas are lacking in scientific and cultural knowledge.
P90
我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。
My grandfather’s interests rang from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years.真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。
Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.
他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作
His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.
你如何解释他的那个怪梦。
What interpretation would you put on his odd/strange dream?
我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。
The brand-new car our boss has just bought id capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.
P96
在董事会上他建议把这项轻松的工作留给身体不好的玛丽来做。
He suggested at the board meeting that the easy task should be left to Mary whose health is poor. 目前正在香港的布朗先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来我们学校给我们学生上课
Mr Brown, who is in Hong Kong now, has a lot of teaching experience and will come to teach our students in the spring.
这家旅馆是我们市最好的旅馆，吃的东西很好，服务质量也不错
This is the best hotel in our city: the food is good and the same is true of the service.
为了吸引更多的乘客坐船，船长向所有乘客保证乘船旅行十分安全
In order to attract more passengers, the caption assured all the passengers of the safety of traveling by ship.
他花了15万买的新车在一次事故中被严重损坏，已经无法修理了。
His new car, for which he had paid ￥150 000, was seriously damaged in an accident and was beyond repair.
P114
他们乘坐的飞机起飞后立刻就消失了。
The airplane they boarded soared out of sight right after it took off.
在会上，双方展开了激烈的争论。改革派提出了许多改革措施，而保守派则反对提出的改革建议
At the meeting, the two sides had a hot debate. The reformers put forward many reforming measures.
从长远来看，我们必须学习更多的科技知识，除了掌握主修的专业外，懂得计算机、英语和驾驶是我们工作中必不可少的。
In the long run, we should learn more about science and technology. Besides our major subjects, knowledge of computers, English and driving is necessary for our work.
为了练成完美的体型，她每周做四次健身操
She does gymnastic exercises four times a week in the quest to achieve the perfect body.
每天早上，一些老人在公园里一边锻炼身体一边聊天。
Every morning in the park, some old people are doing physical exercises there, chatting with each other at the same time.
P120
难道我们采取措施改变现在的局面不更好吗？
Won’t it be better if we take measures to change the present situation?
我没有想到你有这样的本领
I didn’t give him credit for such a skill. (I didn’t give credit to him for such a skill.)
虽然年纪很老了，他们到现在都还一直在学英语
They have been learning English up to now, though in their advanced age.
他因为生病已有7天没去学校了
He has not been to school for seven days because of illness.
孩子们又唱又跳地冲出教室
The children ran out of the classroom, jumping and singing.
P136
她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。
She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.
试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人在工作中犯的错误少
Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.
球迷经常收到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.
尽管演员们的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们
Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.
王教授是我唯一指望能救我儿子的大夫
Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.
P143
我们认为你的建议不恰当，应该放弃。
We don’t think your proposal is quite in place, so you should give it up.
他到家时，发现家里只有一些破烂家居。
When he arrived home, he found nothing but some broken furniture there.
就这台发动机的状况而言，它能发动也是奇迹了
Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.
就从业来说，酒店业是这个国家的第二大产业。
In terms of employment, the hotel industry is the second largest industry in this country.
在这过国家里，不管肤色如何，每一个人都有权住在他想住的地方。
Everyone in this country had the right to live where he wants to, regardless of the color of his skin.
英译汉
Unit1
1.t seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping enou gh with the housework … or when they die.
看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候或者是在他们去世的时候。
2.One exception to the “unnecessary father” syndrome is the glowing media attention that at ho me dads have received.
这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。
3.By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leaving unsatisfying careers because of theloss of income such a job change entails.
同样，家庭惟一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。
4.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers that the absence of fathers form househ olds cause serious problems for children and, consequently, for society at large.
目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩带来严重的问题，因此，对整个社会也会有影响。
5.As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are --- no t only for financial support, but for emotional support, education and discipline as well.
作为一个社会，我们需要认识到对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。
Unit2
1. the truth of the matter is that the Web is no more inherently dangerous than anything else in the world.
其实，万维网与世界上其它任何事物一样并非天然地有害。
2.like the old tale that the vampire cannot harm you unless you invite it to cross your threshold, th
e internet cannot corrupt without being invited.
正如古老的传说指出的一样，吸血鬼不请不会自入家门来伤害你，互联网也不会不请自来地使你堕落。
3.the only people who feel compelled to mask, and otherwise misrepresent themselves online are t he same people who are mysterious and unfrank in “real world”.
只有那些在“现实生活”中表现得诡秘莫测，毫不坦诚的人，才感到被迫要在网上伪装自己并用其它方法提供虚假情况。
4.likewise, just like in the “real world”, a host of other unacceptable can be readily recognized online. 同样，与在“现实世界”中一样，许多其它令人讨厌的倾向在网上也都能很容易地识别出来。
5.on the internet people are judged by their personality, beliefs and online actions, not bu their phy sical appearance.
在互联网上，对人的评价是看他们的个性、信念和网上行为，而不是看他们的外表长相。Unit 3
1.But frankly you should not risk it unless you know for sure. 但坦白地说如果这一点不能肯定，你就不应冒这个风险。
2.If you violate copyright you would not be charged with a crime, but usually get sued. 如果你违反了版权法，你不会以—个罪犯的名义遭到起诉，但通常会受到民事诉讼。
3.Whether it has a notice or not, almost everything created privately and originally after April 1, 1 989 is copyrighted and protected.
自1989年4月1日后，几乎所有个人创作以及原创的作品，不管它是否有版权标识，都受到版权保护。
4.You also can’t “copyright a name” or anything short like that, such as almost all titles. 你也不能取得某个名字或类似的缩略词的版权，几乎所有标题本身都不可以有版权。
5.You should think about the fact that piracy on the net hurts everybody who wants a chance to us
e this wonderful new technology to do more than read other people’s flamewars.
你应该只要想想这个事实，就会一日了然：网上盗版作品无疑对每一个使用者都会造成伤害，人们使用网络这种奇妙的新技术，希望能干番事业，决非仅仅为了阅读他人在网上的论战。Unit4
1.The study of literature is not only civilized and civilizing —encompassing, as it does, philosophy, religion, the history of events and the history of ideas —but popular and practical.
文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究，不仅是文明的，并且有教化作用，而且是流行的和实际的。
2.Clearly an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for the L.S.A.T.. 显而易见，主修英语的学生参加法学院的录取考试回得心应手。
3. Graduates with merely technical qualifications are finding jobs in business, but often failing to
hold them. 只有技术性资格的毕业生能找到从商工作，但却经常难以居其位。
4.Employers complain that these apparently promising young men and women are simply not com petent communicators. 雇主们抱怨说，这些表面上年轻有为的男女们根本不会有效地交流，因为他们的文字能力不够强
5. The list of federal positions for which English majors may qualify ranges from Claims Examine r to Foreign Service Officer to Highway Safety Management Specialist.
主修英语的毕业生能胜任联邦政府的一系列工作，从索赔审议到外交官到公路安全管理专家等等。
Unit5
1. A common way of thinking about morality goes something like this. 大家对商业道德的理解大致如下
2. The contemporary media often characterize business as nothing more than a self-serving exercis
e in greed, carried out in as corrupt and ruthless a manner as possible. 现代媒体常常把商业定义为一种既自私又贪婪的运作，过程是极其腐败和冷酷的。在电视和电影中，商业挣钱充满了贪婪、盘剥和尔虞我诈。
3. In fact, a sense of moral purpose stands at the center of all successful business innovation. 事实上，道德追求意识是商业成功的核心。
4.The quest for profit stands in opposition to everything that is moral, fair, decent, and charitable.
5. Morality in business has three distinct faces including moral warning, charitable feeling and mo ral initiatives, each playing its own special role in ensuring business success.
商业道德有三个清晰的侧面，每一个侧面在确保商业成功中都在起着特有的作用。
Unit 6
1.Die-hard football fans hit the heights when their team wins and reach the depths of despair when they lose. 当球队取胜时，铁杆球迷会兴奋到极点；而当球队失败时，又会极度低迷。
2.It reveals that football fans suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation than people who neve r watch Match Of The Day.
这项研究显示，与那些从来不看当天比赛的人们相比，足球迷们所经受的沮丧和麻木要小。
3.This means you can be highly regarded not for your own achievement, but through your connect ion to a team that wins.
这就意味着，你可能受到十分敬重，但这不是因为你自己的成就，而是因为你与获胜的球队有联系。
4.Not only that, they tend to blame their team’s failures on a biased referee or on bad luck, rather than on Arsenal’s mistakes or the other team’s skill.
不仅如此，他们还把他们球队的失利归咎于裁判不公或球运不佳，而不说阿森纳足球队的差错或其对手的技艺。
5.That applies to all ardent sports fans. 这一点适合于所有的热情体育迷。
Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力，集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。
英语翻译--英汉互译中的谚语巧合（1） 来源：翻译界浏览次数：717 添加时间：2008-4-28 1.After meat, mustard; after death, doctor . 雨后送伞 Explanation: this describes a situation where assistance or comfort is given when it is too late. Example: just as I had cancelled my application to go abroad, I had a promise of money for my fare. It was a case of fter death, the doctor. 2. After praising the wine they sell us vinegar. 挂羊头卖狗肉 Explanation: to offer to give or sell something that is inferior to what you claim it to be. Example: that fellow completely misled us about what he was capable of doing. After praising the wine, he sold us vinegar. 3. All is over but the shouting. 大势已去 Explanation: finally decided or won; brought to the end; not able to be changed. Example: after Bill’s to uch down, the game is all over but shouting. 4. All lay load on the willing horse. 人善被人欺，马善被人骑 Explanation: a willing horse is someone who is always doing things for others. Very often the implication is that others impose on him. Examples: the trouble is you're too good-natured and people take advantage of it. all lay load on the willing horse. You will have to learn to refuse people who ask too much. 5.anger and haste hinder good counsel. 小不忍则乱大谋 Explanation: one can not act wisely when one is angry or in a hurry. Example: you should calm down before you decide the next move. Anger and haste hinder good counsel. 6. As poor as a church mouse
公交常用英语 一、常用词语： 1、公共汽车 Bus 巴斯 2、出租车 Taxi 太克sei 3、电车 Trolleybus 超类巴斯 4、您好 Hello / How do you do. 好度有度 5、劳驾或请问 Excuse me…… A科斯Q私密 6、抱歉或对不起 Sorry 扫瑞 7、对不起打扰了 I’m sorry to trouble you 阿姆扫瑞兔揣宝有 8、谢谢 Thank you / Thanks 9、没关系 Not at all / It doesn’t matter 闹特爱特奥/ A特大怎特迈特 10、可以 It’s OK. A次欧凯 11、月票 commutation / monthly ticket 抗缪忒什/ 忙特雷忒K特 12、票价 carfare 卡fai尔 13、起点站 The starting stop 泽思达挺思道普 14、终点站 terminal / The Last stop 特妹闹泽拉斯特思道普 15、市区路线 Urban route 饿本入特 16、郊区路线 Suburban route 瑟波本入特 17、请等一下 Wait a moment 维特饿某们特 18、再见 Goodbye / Bye 19、首班车 The first bus 泽发斯特巴斯 20、末班车 The last bus 泽拉斯特巴斯 21、驾驶员 Driver 拽玩儿 22、乘务员 Conductor 肯达科特儿 23、调度员 Dispatcher 得死派车儿 24、请上车 Get on please 盖特昂普类似 25、请下车 Get off please 盖特奥夫普雷斯 26、中国济南 Jinan , China 济南柴那 27、空调车 Air-conditioned bus 艾尔可得什恩德巴斯 28、K系列豪华车 K series bus /可sei儿瑞丝巴斯 K series comfortable express 可sei儿瑞斯抗木否特包A科丝普ruai 丝 29、欢迎您！ Welcome 维尔康目 30、先生，您好！ How do you do , sir? 好读有度色儿31、小姐，你好！ How do you do , miss?
（1） William Cowper - Country Music My greenhouse is never so pleasant as when we are just upon the point of being turned out of it. The gentleness of the autumnal suns, and the calmness of this latter season make it a much more agreeable retreat than we ever find it in summer: when, the winds being generally brisk, we cannot cool it by admitting a sufficient quantity of air without being at the same time incommoded by it. But now I sit with all the windows and the door wide open, and am regaled with the scent of every flower in a garden as full of flowers as I have known how to make it. We keep no bees, but if I lived in a hive I should hardly hear more of their music. All the bees in the neighbourhood resort to a bed of mignonette, opposite to the window, and pay me for the honey they get out of it by a hum, which, though rather monotonous, is as agreeable to my ear as the whistling of my linnets. All the sounds that nature utters are delightful, --at least in this country. I should not perhaps find the roaring of lions in Africa, or of bears in Russia, very pleasing; but I know no beast in England whose voice I do not account musical, save and except always the braying of an ass.
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
1、他们不顾害怕，继续前进。They kept going in spite of their fears. 2、虽然他们今天不能加入我们中间来，但在精神上他们是与我们在一起的。Though unable to join us today, they are with us in spirit. 3、不管她是赢是输，这是她的最后一次锦标赛。 Whether she wins or whether she loses, this is her last tournament. 4、在这个问题的处理上，没有理论与实践的结合是办不到的。 In order to solve the problem, we need to combine theory with practice. 5、科学家们一直在探究宇宙的起源。 The scientists have been speculating on the origin of the universe. 6、我的书不在身边，以后再拿给你看吧。 I haven’t my book at hand, but I will show it to you later. 7、多亏你们的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。 Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 8、如果我们为他们的产品找到出路，新的工业一夜间就能出现。 New industries can blossom over night if we find an outlet for their products. 9、一阵风把炉子里冒出的烟吹散了。 A gust of wind dispersed the smoke from the stove. 10、我们将把你的建议加到新计划中去。 We will incorporate your suggestion in the new plan. 11、我们现在需要的是建设性的意见。 What is needed now is some constructive suggestion. 12、金钱不是万能的，但没有钱是万万不能的。 Money is not capable of everything, nor are we capable of anything without it. 13、对中国人来说学习英语很难，但对外国人来说学习汉语一样难。 Learning English is difficult for the Chinese, as is learning Chinese for foreigners. 14、如果你坐在木椅上，那曾经是一棵树。这书用的纸原来也是树。 If you are sitting on a wooden chair, it was a tree once; and so was the paper of this book. 15、我一直没有同我在学校里的熟人保持联系。 I haven’t really kept in touch with people I knew at school. 16、公司进行了一项调查了解当地对游乐活动中心的反映。 The company conducted a survey to find out local reaction to the leisure center. 17、两位老朋友愉快地交谈往事。 The two old friends were reminiscing about their youth. 18、俄罗斯和日本刚刚签订了一项新的贸易协定。 Russia has just signed a new trade agreement with Japan.
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
一、英译汉翻译的基本程序 1.通读并透彻理解原文。翻译之前仔细研读原文，解决好“翻译什么”的问题。边读边琢磨，确切理解原文所述事物本身的含义与之相关的外延联想，如原句的中心意思是什么，有没有褒贬义或寓意，对其中的修饰语的把握等。 2. 组织语言。考生要根据上下文的语境选择适当的词汇和表达手段。 3. 表达。考生要从内容和语言两方面来考虑译文，尤其注意不能扭曲原意，不能错译或漏译。 4. 审校。这是英汉翻译过程中必不可少的环节。考生将自己的译文与原文进行对照，看看译文是否忠实于原文，是否通顺易懂，是否符合汉语规范。 二、英汉翻译的基本方法 直译与意译 直译指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译；意译是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文做相应的调整。如： Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work. 直译：好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要大量的爱和大量的工作。 意译:幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。 或：美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必须为它付出大量的爱，做大量的工作。很显然，本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉语表达习惯。当然，一句话并不限于一种译法，要根据具体需要而定。一般来说，在英汉翻译考试中，如果直译能达意就用直译，如果直译效果不好，就应该考虑意译。只要译文内容忠实，意思明白就行了。 顺译法（又名句型对应法） 顾名思义，顺译法（句型对应法）就是按原文句子结构的排列顺序进行翻译，这种译法适合于原文叙述层次与汉语相近的长句翻译，如只含名词性从句的复合句、前置的状语从句或从句在后的长复合句等等。 As an obedient son, I had to accept my parents’ decision that I was to be a doctor ,though the prospect interested in me not at all. 作为一个孝顺的儿子，我不得不接收父母的决定，去当大夫，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。 3.倒译法 倒译法就是颠倒原文句子结构的排列顺序来进行翻译。 例1： The moon is completely empty of water because the gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth. 因为月球的引力比地球小的多，所以月球上根本没有水。 例2：The football students can be removed from the university if they fail to pass their examination. 作为足球运动员的学生如果考试不及格就要被开除。 4.分译法 分译法，又称拆译法，也是一种基本的句法变通手段。从被分译成份的结构而言，分译大致可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和从句的分译三种。 单词的分译即拆词，将难译的词从句子主干中拆离出来，另作处理，这种方法常常引起句式上的调整，英译汉中要拆译的词常常是形容词和副词。如： 1
汉译英 U5 1.She felt excited when she won the first prize in an English speech. 她在英语演讲中得了一等奖，感到非常兴奋。 2.The boy feels it is difficulty to fit into the new school environment. 那个小男孩发觉自己很难适应新学校的环境。 3.He is very satisfied with everything here, and he never complains about it. 他对这里的一切都很满意，从不抱怨任何事情。 4.If I can pass the school text, I will be filled with a sense that I will soon become perfect. 如果我能通过学校的考试，心里就会洋溢着这样一种感觉：我很快会变得完美无瑕。 5.Some parents buy stories of child geniuses for children, hoping the child will become remarkable in the future.. 有些父母选购神童故事给孩子看，希望孩子将来有一天会出人头地。 U6 1.One of the most beautiful and happiest events in one?s life takes place on the day in which one?s wedding is held. 一个人一生中最美好，最幸福的重大事件之一发生在举行婚礼的那天。 2.Her mother slaved over the task of sewing cotton items. 她的母亲辛辛苦苦地缝制棉织品。 3.Many people spend a lot of time and money in preparing for their weddings parties. 许多人为准备婚礼而花费很多时间和金钱。 4.In the past, at her wedding a girl was expected to bring many things to her husband?s home, including quits sheets, a large chest and so on. 过去，姑娘出嫁时都要带许多东西到丈夫家去，包括被褥，床单，大衣橱等。 5.It?s a traditional custom that a couple?s wedding takes place one year after they are engaged. 男女订婚一年后举行婚礼，这是一种传统习俗。 U7 1.The football team he led took part in many international games, it lost its first game after 10 straight victories. 他率领的足球队参加了许多次国际比赛，10次连胜后，才第一次输了一场比赛。 2.The professor should focus on key and difficulty point in classroom teaching, so that their students car really grasp them. 教师授课时应突出重点和难点，以便让学生真正掌握。 3.He takes a postive attitude to his work and pours all his energy into whatever he does. 他对工作采取积极地态度，无论做什么总是全力以赴。 4.Wallenda would not have fallen to death if he had not worried so much about his safety during that midday walk. 如果沃伦德那天中午走钢丝时不过分担心自己的安全问题，他就不会摔死。 5.As an excellent manager, he is immediately corrects any wrong decision he has made. 他是一个优秀的经理，一旦做了错误的决定，便立即纠正。
第8周作业 教材练习三 1，你太忙，没有时间打扫房间。让我来吧。 You are too busy to clean the room. Let me do it. 2，A:你对他的看法怎样？ B：他聪明，勤奋，就是有点自私。 A：我也这样看。 A: What do you think of him? B：He is clever and diligent, but he’s a little selfish. A：I think so, too. 3，太阳刚刚下了地平线。软风一阵一阵的吹上人面，怪痒痒的。 The sun had just sunk down the horizon. It is a bit itching when the soft wind blew to one’s face. 4，若是站在后山上看下去，晴天里一片头巾、花帕、草帽，雨天里一片斗篷、纸伞、布伞。 If you look down from the back of the hill, you can see the turbans, kerchiefs, straw hats on the sunny day; you can see the coir capes and umbrellas of cloth or oiled paper. 5，横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。 Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers. Head-bowed, like a willing ox I serve the youngsters. 6，长江后浪推前浪，世上新人换旧人。 Time makes it inevitable that in every profession, young men replace the old. 7，凡人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 A man cannot be known by his appearance, nor can the sea be measured with a bushel basket. 8，却当大雪之后，石是青的，雪是白的，树上枝条是黄的，又有许多松柏是绿
课本翻译的答案（整理）： Unit1 英译汉A 1.The college schedule is very different than the traditional high school schedule. Generally, there is a lot more flexibility with your college classes. 大学的日程安排跟传统高中差别很大，通常大学课程有更多的灵活性。 2.The other cool thing about the college schedule is that you usually have more opportunities to explore your interests and passions. 大学日程安排还有一件事很酷，你通常有更多的机会发展自己的兴趣爱好。 3.There will always be some courses that are only offered on certain days at certain times, but for the most part, there are a lot of options to think about! 总有些课程是只在固定日子的固定时段开的，但是对于大多数课程，你有很多选择！ 4.However, college is like high school in that you will have the opportunity to get involved by joining different clubs, organizations, and maybe even by getting a part-time job. 然而，在大学像在高中一样你有机会参加各种活动，加入不同的俱乐部和组织，甚至可能找到一份兼职。 5.Of course, the best way to see what a true day in the life of a college student is like is to actually get the schedules of some college students! 当然，要看一个大学生一天的真实生活是什么样的，最好的方式其实是拿到一些大学生的日程表。 B 1.caught a glimpse of him sitting in the car 2.in search of new opportunities 3.without my being aware of it 4.are involved in different extracurricular activities 5.but ignore others' feeling 汉译英 如今，中国共有大约2500万名大学生，是十年前的五倍，并且这个数字有望持续增长。中国设立的学位制度包括学士、硕士和博士三个学位等级(Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees)。中国的大学通常依据学生的高考(the National Higher Education Entrance Examination)成绩招生。公立大学对学生择优录取，被看做国家经济的主力。踌躇满志的学子们急切地等待考试结果，因为成绩能决定他们是否能进入著名的公立大学。 Today, there are about 25 million university students in China—five times the number a decade ago—and that number is expected to keep growing. China has set up a degree system, including Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees. Universities in China generally select their students based on students’performances in the National Higher Education Entrance Examination. Publicly run schools get their pick of the best students and are viewed as engines of the economy. Ambitious students eagerly await their exam results, which determine whether they can get into a prestigious public school.
汉译英短文翻译 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字） 难点注释： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4）远非?一所能及surpass 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字） 难点注释： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 3）使……丧失deprive of 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字） 难点注释： 1）传真机fax machines 2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3）占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字） 难点注释： 1）数码相机digital camera 2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards 3）按快门press the shutter 4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen 5
汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到
2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
运用故障树分析方法分析Schoharie小河桥梁垮塌事件Keary H. LeBeau, P.E., S.M.ASCE1; Sara J. Wadia-Fascetti, M.ASCE2 1作者联系方式：邮箱地址：klebeau@https://www.doczj.com/doc/8914354154.html, 摘要：美国已经发生了一些桥梁坍塌导致人员伤亡的事件。其中一个失败的例子就是什科哈里溪特大桥(1987年)，激发了对桥梁管理有关政策和程序的改善。本文运用事故树分析的方法对桥梁坍塌事件做了详细地审查。故障树是用图形描绘了各种导致恶果的故障的路径。它会将船舶碰撞到火灾等一系列灾难性的事件考虑进去。故障树还提供了定量评估和比较不同的失效机制。分析结果显示，在现实根源中冲刷是桥梁坍塌的根本原因。特别是在类似桥型的桥梁管理知识上，允许存在只专注关键环节的漏洞。对过去的桥坍塌事件的认识提醒着现在的做决策的桥梁工程师和管理人员，要促进公众的安全和结构的保护。吸取经验教训，有助于在未来避免类似的灾难性事件的发生。 CE数据库关键词：桥梁；故障；复原；坍塌 介绍 纵观历史，灾难性的桥梁坍塌事件已经发生，造成人类生命的损失，商业的中断，巨大的维修费用。桥梁是我们国家基础设施的重要环节，必须加以保护，以便为公众提供安全性和可维护性。桥梁的设计应不断提高，维护和复原方案应该保护这些宝贵的资产。对过去发生的桥梁坍塌事件的深入审查，为今天的结构工程师和桥梁管理者提供了宝贵的知识和见解。 本文是介绍使用故障树分析方法分析过去发生的Schoharie小河大桥坍塌事件。除了直观简化地将桥梁作为一个系统，故障树定性描述了导致故障发生的不同路径，对其逻辑关系进行对比分析。建立故障树并对其进行评估来替代故障场景。 故障树模型的桥梁垮塌 故障树提供了一种塑造复杂系统的方法(在这种情况下，该系统是一个桥)，考虑系统不同组成部分之间的相互作用，为建立系统水平的失效概率评价模型提供了一种方法(Sianipar 和Adams 1997；约翰逊1999)。它确定故障路径和关键要素，如桥墩基础。一个故障树的优点是它能够通过图形化描述和布尔代数推出桥梁系统相互的逻辑关系。这座桥可以塑造它的全部，包括元素的相互作用、冗余、恶化的机制，如腐蚀和疲劳，以及环境因素。表1提供了故障树中使用的符号解释。 对桥梁管理的需求和目标而言，关键故障的路径的知识是有用的。物理推理的桥梁设计师运用失效机理的相对重要的信息，能够提高恢复现在桥梁和未来的桥梁的设计。此外，对桥梁状况进行评估时，易出故障的元素对现场监察者来说是很重要的。故障树的状态评估信息也可以决定维修桥梁时的优先次序。 虽然Schoharie小河大桥坍塌事件发生的十分突然，但是桥梁灾难性的瞬间坍塌时没有办法的。下面应用故障树分析法分析Schoharie小河大桥的坍塌来说明事件的恶化，最终导