初二英语第一学期同步辅导
短语学习：
1. take charge of 主管，掌管
2. take notes 记录
3. vote for 投票赞成
4. talk… over 详谈
5. be responsible for 负责
6. make a list of把……列成清单
7. be free for(someone)对...免费
8. pay for 付费
9. make a decision about 对…作出决定10. in one week’s time 一周后11. a copy of 一份
12. for free 免费13. from the air 从空中14. of one’s own 某人自己的
重难点：
ought to用法详解
1. ought to表示义务或责任。意为“应该”。如：
We ought to leave at once. 我们应该马上离开。
Such things ought not to be allowed. 这类事不该容许。
2. ought to表示建议或劝告。意为“应该”。如：
You ought to see the new film. 你应该看看这部新电影。
We oughtn’t to take risks. 我们不宜于冒险。
He said I ought to write an article about it. 他说我应当写一篇文章谈这事。
3. ought to表示推断。意为“应该”、“可能”。如：
That ought to be enough food for all of us. 那些该够我们大家吃的了。
Ask John. He ought to know. 问问约翰吧，他该知道。
I ought to be fit for work next month. 下个月我想必可以工作了。
【注】用ought to 表示推断时，语气较肯定，通常指的是一种合乎逻辑的可能性(与should表推断时相似)，有时可译为“准是”(但语气比must要弱)。如：
That ought to [should] be Janet coming upstairs now. 正在上楼的准是珍妮特。
4. ought to后接动词所用形式。根据不同情况ought to后可接不同的动词形式。如：
(1)接动词原形，用于谈论现在或将来的情况。(见上例)
(2)接进行式，用于谈论正在进行的事。如：
You oughtn’t to be talking so much，Annie. 你不宜讲这么多话，安妮。
It isn’t what I ought to be doing. 这不是我现在应该做的事。
有时表示将要发生的事(正如用进行时态表示将来一样)。如：
I ought to be going. 我该走了(from )。
We ought to be hearing from him soon. 我们不久应当会接到他的信。
(3)接完成时，用于过去的情况，可指过去已经发生的情况，也可接本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：
They ought to have arrived by now. 他们现在应该已经到了。
I ought to have helped her，but I never could. 我本该帮助她的，却从未能这样做。
I don’t think you ought to have done that. 我想你不应该这样做的。
5. 使用ought to注意点
(1)在否定式中用ought not 或oughtn’t，在疑问中将ought提到主语之前。如：
He ought to go now, oughtn’t he? 他现在该走了，是吗(from )?
(2)在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时可将to省略(但在肯定句中to不宜省)。另外，在省略句中也可以省去to。如：
Ought we (to) have done it? 我们本该做此事吗?
"Ought I to go?" "Yes, you oug ht (to)." “我该去吗?”“对，你该去。”
Should 的用法详解
1. 应该：用来表示义务或职责：
You should send her a note.
你应该给她留一个条
2.用于表示可能性或期望：
They should arrive at noon.
她应该在中午到达
3.用于表示可能性或可能发生的事件：
If she should fall, then so would I.
如果她失败了，那我也会失败
4.用于使一个直接或直率的陈述变得婉转：
I should think he would like to go.
我倒是认为他愿意去
ought to与should的用法区别
1.一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。如：
You ought to [should] go and see Mary sometime. 你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。
The train ought to [should] have arrived at six. 火车本应该6点钟到的。
2.表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。如(from )：We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will. 明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。
3.在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。如：
You should not run alongside the swimming-pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑。
专项练习
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
Ashould study B. should have studied C must have studied D. must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
