大学英语四级模拟题十三(含答案)

大学英语四级考试模拟试题（附答案）一、写作Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of "The Importance of Learning a Second Language". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【答案】The Importance of Learning a Second LanguageSecondly, learning a second language improves cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit better problemsolving skills, greater creativity, and a more flexible mindset. Moreover, mastering a second language can open up numerous career opportunities. In an increasingly globalized job market, being proficient in multiple languages is a valuable asset.In conclusion, the benefits of learning a second language are multifaceted, ranging from personal growth to career advancement and cultural preservation. It is a lifelong investment that yields significant rewards.二、听力理解Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear eight short conversations and two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) The woman doesn't want to cook dinner.B) The man will cook dinner for the woman.C) They are going to eat out.D) They are discussing the menu for tomorrow.【答案】C)Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage One2. A) It is a way to express individuality.B) It is a sign of social status.C) It reflects cultural background.D) It is a form of artistic expression.【答案】A)三、阅读理解Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage【答案】26. D) substantial27. A) outweigh28. C) enhance四、翻译Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on the Answer Sheet.中国传统文化中，龙是吉祥的象征，代表着权力、威严和好运。

四级模拟考试题库及答案一、听力部分1. A) The man is going to the cinema.B) The woman is going to the cinema.C) Both are going to the cinema.D) Neither is going to the cinema.答案：C2. A) The woman is a teacher.B) The man is a teacher.C) The woman is a student.D) The man is a student.答案：A3. A) The woman is satisfied with the meal.B) The man is satisfied with the meal.C) Both are satisfied with the meal.D) Neither is satisfied with the meal.答案：D二、阅读部分1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The effects of sleep deprivation.C) The benefits of taking a nap.D) The relationship between sleep and health.答案：B2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a symptom of sleep deprivation?A) Difficulty in concentrating.B) Increased appetite.C) Irritability.D) Enhanced creativity.答案：D3. What does the author suggest to improve sleep quality?A) Exercising regularly.B) Drinking coffee before bedtime.C) Watching TV in bed.D) Taking a hot bath before sleep.答案：A三、写作部分1. Directions: Write an essay on the topic of "The Role of Technology in Education". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案：略2. Directions: Write an essay on the topic of "The Impact of Social Media on Communication". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案：略四、翻译部分1. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。

大学英语四级模拟试题及答案阅读理解Passage 1It was the wife of Emperor Claudius, Agrippina the Younger, who is said to have introduced oysters to the Roman Empire. But it was the French who made eating oysters a social event.In the 17th century, clever French entrepreneurs began to build oyster ponds along the coast, and by the end of the century, the delicacy had become popular in Paris. By the 19th century, eating oysters had become a national pastime.But throughout the history of oyster eating, people have been left wondering how to swallow them. Whether to chew or not to chew is the question.Lovers of raw oysters swear by the seafood’s fresh, briny flavor and firm, smooth texture. But getting over the ick factor can be difficult.To eat an oyster, you can’t just chew and swallow. The idea is to savor the flavor and slurp the oyster down your throat with all its naturaljuices. You must hold the shell with one hand and use the other hand to gently loosen the oyster from the shell. Lift the oyster to your mouth, tip the shell so you can drink the juice, then slide the oyster into your mouth and give it a quick chew. Or not.In fact, it’s not necessary to chew an oyster. If you choose not to, just swallow it. But if you can resist the urge to chew, your taste buds will be rewarded with the unique, complex flavor of the oyster.Regardless of whether you chew or swallow, raw oysters are best accompanied by a crisp wine or a cold beer. A chef’s touch is not necessary, but mignonette (a simple sauce made of vinegar and shallots) and lemon wedges are often served alongside.1.How did oysters come to be popularized in Paris?A)They were introduced by Agrippina the Younger during the Roman Empire.B)Clever French entrepreneurs built oyster ponds along the coast.C)The French made eating oysters a social event.D)Oyster eating became a national pastime in the 19th century.2.How do lovers of raw oysters typically describe their taste?A)Sweet and chewy.B)Sour and slimy.C)Fresh and briny.D)Salty and tough.3.What’s the correct way to eat an oyster?A)Chew it quickly and wash it down with wine.B)Savor the flavor, drink the juice, and chew it gently or not at all.C)Use a mignonette sauce and lemon to enhance the flavor.D)None of the above.Passage 2The history of sign language is probably as old as speech itself. Sign language has been used throughout history as a means to communicate with people who are deaf or hearing impaired.In the United States, sign language has been used since the early 19th century. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was a pioneer of deaf education in the United States, and he traveled to Europe in 1815 to learn their methods of communicating with deaf people. There he met Abbe Sicardand Laurent Clerc, who were educators of the deaf in Paris. Clerc traveled back with Gallaudet to the United States and helped him set up the first school for the deaf in America.Their collaboration resulted in the creation of American Sign Language (ASL), which is the third most widely used language in America, after English and Spanish. ASL is a complete, complex language that uses signs made by moving the hands and fingers as well as facial expressions and body posture to communicate a thought. It also has its own grammar and syntax.Unfortunately, despite ASL’s continued use, many people still perceiv e sign language as a second-rate language, or even an inferior means of communication. This kind of treatment is unacceptable, as sign language is a legitimate language, with its own unique structure and nuances.4.What is the main way sign language has been used throughout history?A)To replace spoken language entirely.B)As a means to interact with deaf and hard of hearing people.C)As a form of artistic expression.D)As a tool for secret communication.5.Who was involved in the creation of American Sign Language?A)Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Abraham Lincoln.B)Abbe Sicard and Laurent Clerc.C)William Stokoe and Robert Hoffmeister.D)Charles Michelson and David Greenberg.6.Why is it important to recognize sign language as a legitimate language?A)Because it is the only valid form of communication for deaf individuals.B)Because it is a complete language with its own grammar and syntax.C)Because sign language is a unique form of artistic expression.D)None of the above.完形填空I was 18 and working as a part-time nurse’s aide. As naïv e as I was then, I had no understanding of the 7of Alzheimer’s disease. Agnes was one of my patients.Agnes was a lady in her nineties who always sat looking 8 out the window. She was relatively 9 compared to other patients. I found her in the hallway one day.。

英语四级考试题模拟及答案英语四级考试是许多大学生必须通过的一项考试，它是考察英语能力的重要指标之一。

为了帮助考生更好地备考，以下是一份英语四级考试题目模拟及答案，供参考学习。

一、听力部分1. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Change his major.B. Study harder.C. Take fewer courses.D. Drop the course.2. What does the woman think of their food?A. Delicious.B. Too salty.C. Overpriced.D. Terrible.3. Where is the man planning to go?A. To the library.B. To the bookstore.C. To the office.D. To the cafeteria.答案：1. B. Study harder.2. A. Delicious.3. B. To the bookstore.二、阅读部分Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following passage:Most experts agree countries need to start seriously slashing greenhouse gas emissions.. and that we can continue emitting greenhouse gases for only another 10 to 15 years before crossing a threshold into a more extreme climate.4. What do most experts agree on?A. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be increased.B. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be seriously reduced.C. Greenhouse gas emissions have no impact on the climate.D. Greenhouse gas emissions can continue as they are.5. How many years do most experts believe we have before crossing a threshold into a more extreme climate?A. 5 to 10 years.B. 10 to 15 years.C. 15 to 20 years.D. 20 to 25 years.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Countries should ignore greenhouse gas emissions.B. Countries have plenty of time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.C. Countries must act now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.D. Countries will not be affected by greenhouse gas emissions.答案：4. B. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be seriously reduced.5. B. 10 to 15 years.6. C. Countries must act now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.三、写作部分请根据以下题目写一篇短文：题目：Does social media have a positive or negative impact on society?参考范文：Social media has become an indispensable part of our lives, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram on a daily basis. While social media has its benefits, such as connecting people from all around the world and providing a platform for sharing information and ideas, it also has negative impacts on society.One of the positive aspects of social media is its ability to bring people together. It allows individuals to stay in touch with friends and family, no matter where they are located. Social media also provides a platform for sharing news and information quickly and easily, which can be beneficial in emergency situations.However, social media also has negative impacts on society. One of the biggest concerns is the spread of fake news and misinformation. With the rise of social media, it has become increasingly difficult to distinguish between reliable sources and fake news. This can lead to a misinformed public and have serious consequences for society.Furthermore, social media can have a negative impact on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison to others on social media can also lead to low self-esteem and self-worth.In conclusion, while social media has its benefits, such as connecting people and sharing information, it also has negative impacts on society, such as the spread of fake news and negative effects on mental health. It is important for individuals to use social media responsibly and critically evaluate the information they see online.以上是一份英语四级考试题目模拟及答案，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Test Paper 3Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Reading Comprehension（Skimming & Scanning）(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For question 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The two suspected SARS cases in Guangzhou have been confirmed as having contracted the potentially deadly virus, the Ministry of Heath said Saturday. The cases were confirmed after strict tests in the World Health Organization (WHO) laboratories were completed, a spokesperson of the ministry said.One of the patient, a 20-year-old restaurant waitress, has been discharged from the hospital after full recovery. None of the people that have contacted with her show SARS symptoms and all of them have been released from quarantine, according to the spokesperson. She was identified as a suspected case on January 8.The other patient, a 35-year-old private businessman, is in a stable situation and has maintained a normal temperature for 11 days, the spokesperson said. He was identified as a SARS suspect January 13.The ministry has informed WHO on the latest developments and Guangdong health authorities have also notified Hong Kong and Macao authorities on the current SARS situation.The spokesperson pointed out that, up to now, Guangdong has reported three SARS cases since the epidemic was declared contained last July, but none of them is highly infectious and recovered quickly.However, the spokesperson warned against negligence over the disease and called on all level of governments to be on high alert, taking all kinds of measures to prevent another SARS outbreak.The season's first confirmed case, a 32-year-old television producer, was released from hospital last week.WHO says SARS comes from animalsAll three recent SARS related cases in Guangzhou are believed to have been infected with the potentially deadly virus by animals, WHO experts say.Dr Robert Breiman: No repeat of last year's outbreak.A joint-team of experts on a mission to track down the deadly virus source believed it has traced the cause of the infection in the first confirmed SARS case.The research team consists of members of the WHO, the Chinese Ministry of Health,China Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Guangdong CDC. The South China University of Agriculture is also on board."We have good reason to believe that animals are the reservoir of the ultimate source of SARS,'' Dr Robert Breiman, an epidemiologist with WHO and the United States CDC, said on Friday. Breiman is the team leader. The WHO team will head for Beijing on Saturday after spending a week on its investigation in Guangzhou.The SARS virus has been detected in animal-holding cages in the restaurant in which the 20-year-old restaurant waitress had worked, Breiman said.It was also found in the two wild animals trading markets in the nearby area. And the female patient served dishes made from civets and other animals, Breiman said.The virus separated from the confirmed SARS patient was nearly identical with that from civet samples, according to Guangdong CDC. Civets are a species of wild cats caught and served at area restaurants as a delicacy. Amazingly, the restaurant owner, who has cooked wild animals like the civet for decades, was quarantined for observation but never showed signs of SARS.Up to now, there is no record of the third patient having contacts with wild animals. However, scientists deduce that animals are the most possible source of the disease. “By and large, most of the diseases that have appeared in the past 10 years have, in the end, turned out to be from an animal source,” Breiman said.“Understanding the potential of animal reservoirs for disease is an important part in any investigation for the new diseases,” he added.The SARS that has infected the known patients this year has seemed a less virulent form than last year, the researcher said, infecting people who come into contact with animals, but not always.“Very possibly, it's a variation virus that isn't transmittable from person to person,” he said.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8－10题在答题卡1上。

⼤学英语四级模拟试题及答案解析⼤学英语四级模拟试题及答案解析Part One Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said - Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the centre.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) At the office is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.1. A) She is not interested in the article.B) She has given the man much trouble.C) She would like to have a copy of the article.D) She doesn't want to take the trouble to read the article.2. A) He saw the big tower he visited on TV~B) He has visited the TV tower twice.C) He has visited the TV tower once.D) He will visit the TV tower in June.3. A) The woman has trouble getting along with the professor.B) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor's time.C) The woman knows the professor has been busy.D) The woman knows the professor has run into trouble.4. A) He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B) He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.C) He thinks the pay is too low to support his family,D) He wants to spend more time with his family.5. A) The man thought the essay was easy.B) They both had a hard time writing the essay.C) The woman thought the essay was easy.D) Neither of them has finished the assignment yet.6. A) In the park. B) Between two buildingsC) In his apartment. D) Under a huge tree.7. A) It's awfully dull. B) It's really exciting.C) it's very exhausting. D) It's quite challenging.8. A) movie. B) A lecture. C) A play. D) A speech.9. A) The weather is mild compared to the past years.B) They are having the coldest winter ever.C) The weather will soon get warmer.D) The weather may get even colder.10. A) The mystery story.B) The hiring of a shop assistant.C) The search for a reliable witness.D) An unsolved case of robbery.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They want to change the way English is taught.B) They learn English to find well-paid jobs.C) They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.D) They know clearly what they want to learn.12. A) Professionals. B) College students.C) Beginners D) Intermediate earners.13. A) Courses for doctors. B) Courses for businessmen.C) Courses for reporters. D) Courses for lawyers.14. A) Three groups of learners. B) The importance of business English.C) English for Specific Purposes. D) Features of English for different papacies. Passage Two Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) To show off their wealth.B) To feel good.C) To regain their memory.D) To be different from others.16. A) To help solve their psychological problems.B) To play games with them.C) To send sham to the hospital.D) To make them aware of its harmfulness.17. A) They need care and affection.B) They are fond of round-the-world trips.C) They are mostly from broken families.D) They are likely to commit crimes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) Because it was too heavy.B) Because it did not bend easily.C) Because it did not shoot far.D) Because its string was short.19. A) It went out of use 300 years agoB) h was invented alter the short how.C) It was discovered before fire and the wheel.D) It's still in use today.20. A) They are accurate and easy to pull.B) Their shooting range is 40 yards.C) They are usually used indoors.D) They took 100 years to develop.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig”is tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles can not perform as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old.One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph （肌动记器）, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable and safer to use than one with four legs. This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauer’s first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and in other jobs, even light manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new designs for traditional tools have proved his point.21. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage?A) Electronic instruments and a regular tool.B) A human “guinea pig”and a regular tool.C) Electronic instruments and a human “guinea pig”.D) Electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig”and a regular tool.22. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when __________________.A) they are twisted and stretchedB) they are in their normal positionsC) they are tested with a human “guinea pig”D) they are tested with electronic instruments23. A “myograph”(Para. 2, Line 1) is an electronic instrument that ________________.A) is able to design new toolsB) measures the amount of energy usedC) enable people to see the muscular movementsD) visualizes electrical signals24. It can be inferred from the passage that ________________.A) a stepladder used to have four legs.B) it is dangerous to use toolsC) a tripod is safer in a tool designD) workers are safer on production lines25. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to _________________.A) improve efficiencyB) increase productionC) reduce work loadD) improve comfortQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (诈骗) the most confidential （保密）records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.26. It can be concluded from the passage that _______________.A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB) people commit computer crimes at the request of their companyC) computer criminals escape punishment because they can’t be detectedD) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions27. It is implied in the third paragraph that _________________.A) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luckB) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD) many more computer crimes go undetected that are discovered28. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforcedB) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputationC) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputationD) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information29. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B) They may walk away and easily find another job.C) They will be denied access to confidential recordsD) They must leave the country to go to jail.30. The passage is mainly about _________________.A) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishmentB) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsC) how computer criminals mange to get good recommendations from their former employersD) why computer crimes can’t be eliminatedQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and indecision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important –and that has happened in some cases – we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism”– but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit – nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyse man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out itsown ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism（命令主义）has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent （相关的，切题的）not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.31. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is _________________.A) fundamental to a sound democracyB) not pertinent to healthy family lifeC) responsible for MomismD) what we have almost given up32. The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that ___________.A) the role of the father may become an inferior one’B) the role of the mother may become an inferior oneC) C) the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of sexesD) sharing leads to constant arguing33. The author states that bringing up children ________________.A) is mainly the mother’s jobB) belongs among the duties of the fatherC) is the job of schools and churchesD) involves a partnership of equals34. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ____________________.A) minor because he is an ineffectual parentB) irrelevant to the healthy development of the childC) pertinent to the healthy development of the childD) identical to the role of the child’s mother35. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?A) A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society.B) Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores.C) Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory.D) A woman’s place in the home – now as always.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates （倡导者）of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate”in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted（控诉）the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said – andmore scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed –that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics（语⾳学）, is far superior.Systematic phonics first teachers children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.36. The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is _____________.A) only logical and natural B) the expected positionC) probably a mistake D) merely effective instruction37. The author indicts the look-say reading approach because _________________.A) it overlooks decoding B) Rudolf Flesch agrees with himC) he says it is boring D) many schools continue to use this method38. One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is _______________.A) look-say is simpler B) Phonics takes longer to learnC) look-say is easier to teach D) phonics gives readers access to far more words39. The phrase “touch-off”(Para 3, Line 1) most probably means _____________.A) talk about shortly B) start or causeC) compare with D) oppose40. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A) Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.B) The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.C) In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.D) Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of mostcommon words can be learned.Part Three Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.41. Word had come from the manager ____________ a new transaction would be concluded.A) whoB) thatC) whichD) when42. There was a traffic jam, but she ____________ get to the destination in time.A) couldB) mightC) ought toD) was able to43. "Do you think ____________ I should attend the lecture?" she asked me.A) thatB) whetherC) ifD) when44. Their room was on the third floor, its window ____________ the sports ground.A) overlooksB) overlookingC) overlookedD) to overlook45. On no account ____________ to anyone who works in the company.A) my name must be mentionedB) my name must mentionC) must my name be mentionedD) must my name mention46. Jim knows little of mathematics, ____________ of chemistry.A) and still lessB) as well asC) no less thanD) and still more47. The man denied ____________ any thing at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.A) to have stolenB) to stealC) having stolenD) having been stealing48. Did he tell you what ____________ if he had a chance?A) was he going to doB) he would doC) be had doneD) had to do49. The results were to ____________ yesterday, but we have heard nothing.A) revealB) have revealedC) be revealedD) have been revealed50. Calculations, which are astronomically exact, have been made ____________ with the use of computers.A) possibleB) it possibleC) possiblyD) to be possible51. To handle the delicate situation, you must ；be____________A) more than carefulB) more carefullyC) carefully enoughD) enough carefully52. The governess agreed to teach the temperamental child ____________ she was given complete authority.A) whetherB) forC) thatD) provided53. According to the periodic table, ____________ still some elements undiscovered.A) there seem to beB) it seems to beC) it seems thatD) here seem54. The farmer used wood to build a house ____________ to store grain.A) withB) in whichC) whichD) where55. A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless ____________ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A) being doneB) madeC) to be madeD) having made56. ____________, the more severe the winters are.A) The more north you goB) The farther you go the northC) The more you go northD) The farther north you go57. Vicky has been sad recently, for her plan to go to college ____________ at the last moment.A) fell outB) fell behindC) fell throughD) fell off58. You had better ____________ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.A) leave outB) leave forC) leave offD) leave behind59. Don't lose heart! You should _____________ your courage and overcome the difficulty.A) hold upB) set upC) pull upD) pluck up60. He ____________ a sum of money every month to help the two orphans.A) sets asideB) sets upC) sets alongD) sets in61. His debts had to be _____________ after he committed suicide with his rifle.A) laid offB) written offC) turned offD) put off62. The gentleman ____________ a cherub with his letter.A) combinedB) includedC) keptD) enclosed63. At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide ____________ of topics they were interested in.A) extentC) collectionD) range64. His ____________ has changed but he has kept the fine qualities of a scientific researcher.A) stateB) statusC) stationD) statue65. She can speak French and German, to ____________ nothing of English.A) sayB) speakC) talkD) tell66. If you play with electricity, you may get an electric ____________A) strikeB) beatC) shockD) knock67. It was a wonderful play with a ____________ of over fifty actors and actresses.A) listB) groupC) bunchD) herd68. A ____________change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.A) strictB) wideC) everD) radical69. Please give my best ____________ to your family.A) noticeB) attentionC) regardsD) cares70. They bought the land with a ____________ to build a new office block.A) purposeC) goalD) reasonPart IV Close (15 minutes )Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Methods of studying vary; what works__71__ for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment __72__ you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: __73__ else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won' t although college. Meantime, there are a few rules that__74__ for everybody. The hint is "don't get ___75___ ".The problem of studying, __76__ enough to start with, becomes almost__77__ when you are trying to do __78__ in one weekend.__79__ the fastest readers have trouble __80__ that. And if you are behind in written work that must be __81__, the teacher who accepts it __82__late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it__83__ . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no __84__. Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you 'spend on chemistry won' t __85__one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the __86__of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should __87__all their time to it. __88__the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this __89__, begin with the shortest and easiest __90__. Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.71. A) good B) easily C) sufficiently D) well72. A) until B) after C) while D ) so73. A) somebody B) nobody C) everybody D) anybody74. A) follow B) go C) operate D) work75. A) behind B) after C) slow D) later。

2014年大学英语四级模拟题及答案之十三Part I Listening Comprehension (Omitted)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children don't like their parentsB) parents don't feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from one's family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers' apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsiblePassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Many people believe that the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeballs. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led to the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.26. To prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are _____.A) indispensableB) usefulC) ineffectiveD) available27. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _____.A) clear the visionB) remedy snowblindnessC) ease the irritationD) loosen the muscles28. Snowblindness may be avoided by _____.A) concentrating on the solid white terrainB) searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrainC) providing the eyes with something to focus onD) covering the eyeballs with fluid29. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _____.A) tears cover the eyeballsB) the eyes are irritated by blinding sunlightC) the eyes are irritated by blinding snowD) there is nothing to focus on30. A suitable title for the passage would be _____.A) Snowblindness and How to Overcome ItB) Nature's Cure for SnowblindnessC) Soldiers in the SnowD) Snow VisionPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems-both legal and educational-for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the "throwaway" youths who have been cast off their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.31. In 1987, the American homeless population was made up of _____.A) older males B) school childrenC) adults D) both A and B32. The author implies in the first paragraph that _____.A) the homeless population is growing rapidlyB) there is serious shortage of school administrators and teachersC) homeless children often move from place to placeD) homeless children usually stay outside schools33. The National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are _____ homeless children.A) 7000,000 B) 350,000C) 440,000 D) 70,00034. One part of the homeless population is difficult to count. The reason might be that _____.A) homeless children live on the streetsB) homeless children have no parentsC) the homeless are too young to be counted as childrenD) the homeless children are not taken as members of their families35. The aim of the McKinney Act is to _____.A) offer education for homeless childrenB) provide family shelters for homeless childrenC) reduce the number of homeless childrenD) estimate the number of homeless populationPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.36. Designers and big stores always make money .A) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB) because they are capable of predicting new fashionsC) by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothingD) because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing37. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as .A) a waste of money B) a waste of timeC) an expression of taste D) an expression of creativity38. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the of clothing.A) cost B) appearanceC) comfort D) suitability39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A) New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.B) The constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character.C) The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.D) Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.40. By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (Lines 1-2, Para. 4) the writer means that .A) women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed atB) women are better able to put up with discomfortC) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersD) men are more stable and reliable in characterPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. They went to make her feel at home.A) out B) aboutC) out of their way D) their way42. Many species of animals which once lived on the earth are no longer in .A) evidence B) effectC) essence D) existence43.China's first automatic four-color glass printer was by a worker-technician.A) discovered B) recognizedC) invented D) revealed44. When we found out that the village was short of hands for the building of the reservoir, we all went there to .A) help out B) lend our handsC) give our hands D) their rescue45. his accent, he must be from the south.A) Concerned B) DeterminedC) Judging by D) Decided by46. This middle school is attached a normal college.A) for B) by C) to D) in47. After a while he to inform me of the progress of the work.A) set off B) beginningC) began with D) proceeded48. The peasants supply the workers with food, and the workers supply the peasants with manufactured goods.A) at turn B) on turnC) in turn D) by turns49. He felt uneasy at the of his mother's illness.A) risk B) costC) thought D) point50. Peasants over 80 percent of the Chinese population.A) make B) consistC) are composed D) constitute51. The reactionary policemen broke and arrested many progressive students.A) out B) into C) in D) off52. As far as the quality of tones is concerned, this radio-set is quite .A) up to the standard B) up to no goodC) in demand D) well up in53. The mass of an object is multiplied by the speed of light squared; other words, the speed of light is multiplied by itself.A) by B) for C) in D) with54. People do not like such persons who are always the way of others.A) on B) by C) in D) get into55. In Japan men usually have to when they reach the age of 55.A) abandon B) dismiss C) retire D) resign56. Your father likes to play golf; he's really enthusiastic it.A) by B) about C) with D) on57. I ran Alice, who was on her way to see how I was getting along.A) up B) out C) over D) into58. He felt quite when he stayed with us.A) pleasantly B) anxiously C) at ease D) easily59. In less than a year, he came to terms his life and work there.A) to B) with C) in D)for60. I a girl in Hawaii; we write to each other once a month.A) communicate by B) drop a lineC) correspond to D) correspond with61. He longed to visit Beijing, he dreamed about it.A) much so that B) so much so muchC) much so much that D) so much so that62. We should read the daily press to keep current events.A) under B) track ofC) faith with D) count of63. All the people in this village have black hair. They all each other.A) resemble as B) resemble withC) resemble D) resemble from64. It's unfortunate that our director simply sat our suggestions and did nothing about it.A) out B) in C) on D) over65. The noise was terrible, but I had to live it.A) with B) through C) down D) on66. As soon as World War II ended, Einstein urged that atomic energy put to peaceful uses.A) is B) would be C) was to D) be67. I spoke to the child kindly him.A) as not frighten B) so as not to frightenC) for not frightening D) in order to not frighten68. , she ran out of the room..A) Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenlyB) With a sudden turn, tearful eyesC) Turning suddenly, with tears in her eyesD) With tears in her eyes and suddenly turning69. We were overjoyed at the news of China her own manmade satellite.A) to have launched B) to launchC) launched D) having launched70. enter university one day, I would work very hard.A) Would I ever B) Ever would IC) Ever should I D) should I everPart IV Translation (15 minutes)Directions: Translate the five sentences from the four reading passages into Chinese.71. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values.72. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy.73. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at.74. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million.75. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic "Honesty Is the Best Policy ". You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outlines given below.1. My understanding of the proverb "Honest Is the Best Policy" (诚实为上策).2. The results of dishonesty.3. My conclusion.Honesty Is the Best Policy答案21. ADCCB 26. CCCDA 31. DBCDA 36. CBCAD41. CDCAC 46. CDCCD 51. CACCC 56. BDCBD 61. DBCCA 66. DBCDD71. 比如说，人们如何对待新生儿可以显示出文化价值观来。

大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. After the explosion, the factory was a _____ of total confusion.A. situationB. sceneC. viewd. show2. After Tom went to college, he became less financially _____ on his parents, he took some part-time jobs.A. independentB. independenceC. dependentD. dependence3. Airplane and television are among the ____ of science.A. masksB. martyrsC. marvelsD. marrow4. All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully _______ the risks and benefits.A. weighingB. valuingC. evaluatingD. distinguishing5. All our attempts to _____ the child from drowning were in vain.A. regainB. recoverC. reserveD. rescue6. The TV station probably will be back _______ no earlier than this afternoon because of difficulties in locating a part.A. in the airB. on the airC. in airD. to the air7. He is indifferent ______ hardships and dangers.A. ofB. atC. inD. to8. You can't go _______ your promise now; we are depending on you.A. back ofB. back onC. off withD. out of9. I knew her ______ but I have never actually spoken to her.A. from sightB. in sightC. by sightD. on sight10. Sugar is good _______ most people, but harmful ________ diabetics.A. for, toB. to, forC. for, inD. to, with11. You don't have to worry ________ we are here.A. whileB. even ifC. thoughD. until12. The teachers whispered _______ they should disturb the students.A. in order thatB. provided thatC. in caseD. with the result that13. What is music? Some people define it as an artful _______ of sounds across time.A. engagementB. appointmentC. arrangementD. enlargement14. The collapse of the World Trade Center has put US economy in a difficult ______.A. occasionB. caseC. backgroundD. situation15. Mother made a cake ______ for me.A. speciallyB. especiallyC. particularlyD. essentially16.- Are you a singer as well as an actress?( )-No. it's not a singer___.A. at allB. after allC. in allD. for all17.We spent half an hour waiting for the bus.( )finally we went home on foot.A. Of forB. Or tooC. So muchD. but18.Every morning my little dog is the first____ up at my bed and gentiy wake me up.( )A. Turns isB. to turnC. Turn toD. turning19.--i introduce myself? My name is Meg Johnson.( )Nice to meet you, Mr. Johnson.A. Must isB. ShouldC. Need netD. Mays20.The boss made them.___ten hours day. ( )A.worked toB.workingC.workD.to work二、翻译（共5小题，每小题3分；共计15分）1、所有的窗户都开着，他就睡着了。

大学英语四级考试模拟试卷Part ⅠWritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of advice to your cousin about how to spend the first winter holiday in college. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1、现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Exchange Rates：A Brief History of Exchange RatesFor centuries，the currencies of the world were backed by gold．That is，a piece of paper currency issued by any world government represented a real amount of gold held in a vault by that government．In the 1930s，the U.S.set the value of the dollar at 8 single，unchanging level：l ounce of gold was worth $35．After World War II，other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S.dollar．Since everyone knew how much gold a U.S.dollar was worth，then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on its value in gold．A currency worth twice as much gold as a U.S.dollar was，therefore，also worth two U.S.dollars．Unfortunately，the real world of economics outpaced this system．The U.S.dollar suffered from inflation(its value relative to the goods it could purchase decreased)，while other currencies became more valuable and more stable．Finally，in 1971，the U.S.took away the gold standard altogether．This meant that the dollar no longer represented an actual amount of a precious substance-market forces alone determined its value．Today，the U.S.dollar still dominates many financial markets．In fact，exchange rates are often expressed in terms of U.S.dollars．Currently，the U.S.dollar and the euro account for approximately 50 percent of all currency exchange transactions in the world．Adding British pounds，Canadian dollars，Australian dollars，and Japanese yen to the list accounts for over 80 percent of currency exchanges altogether．Methods of Exchange：the Floating Exchange RateThere are two main systems used to determine a currency's exchange rate：floating currency and pegged currency．The market determines a floating exchange rate．In other words，a currency is worth whatever buyers are willing to pay for it．This is determined by supply and demand，which is in turn driven by foreign investment，import/export ratios，inflation，and a host of other economic factors．Generally，countries with mature，stable economic markets will use a floating system．Virtually every major nation uses this system，including the U.S.，Canada and Great Britain．Floating exchange rates are considered more efficient，because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic forces．The floating system isn't perfect，though．If a country's economy suffers from instability，a floating system will discourage investment．Investors could fall victim to wild swings in the exchange rates，as well as disastrous inflation．Methods of Exchange：the Pegged Exchange RateA pegged，or fixed system，is one in which the exchange rate is set and artificially maintained by the government．The rate will be pegged to some other country's dollar，usually the U.S.dollar．The rate will not fluctuate from day to day．A government has to work to keep their pegged rate stable．Their national bank must hold large reserves of foreign currency to mitigate changes in supply and demand．If a sudden demand for a currency was to drive up the exchange rate，the national bank would have to release enough of that currency into the market to meet the demand．They can also buy up currency if low demand is lowering exchange rates．Countries that have immature，potentially unstable economies usually use a pegged system．Developing nations can use this system to prevent out-of-control inflation．The system can backfire，however，if the real world market value of the currency is not reflected by the pegged rate．In that case，a black market may spring up，where the currency will be traded at its market value，disregarding the government's peg．When people realize that their currency isn’t worth as much as the pegged rate indicates，they may rush to exchange their money for other，more stable currencies．This can lead to economic disaster，since the sudden flood of currency in world markets drives the exchange rate very low．So if a country doesn't take good care of their pegged rate，they may find themselves with worthless currency．Methods of Exchange：HybridsIn reality，few exchange rate systems are 100 percent floating，or 100 percent pegged.Countries using a pegged rate can avoid market panics and inflationary disasters by using a floating peg．They peg their rate to the U.S.dollar，and that rate doesn't fluctuate from day to day．However，the government periodically reviews their peg，and makes minor adjustments to keep it in line with the true market value。

大学英语四级改革适用（作文）模拟试卷123(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. WritingPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of seizing every opportunity. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：Seizing Every Opportunity In the above picture, metaphor is employed to compare opportunity to the sand. The sand is leaking from the hand little by little, which symbolizes that in many cases opportunities are missed by us from time to time. Nowadays, many people strive for success but fail again and again. The reason, in my opinion, doesn’t lie in their capability, but their attitude and action towards opportunity. Everybody is sure to have encountered some precious opportunities throughout the life. However, some people manage to grasp the opportunities and succeed while others pass up the opportunities and achieve nothing. The reasons may be as follows. Firstly, opportunity only favors those who cherish it. Secondly, lessons in history tell us that only those who have captured chances and paid efforts can eventually achieve success. Last but not least, there are so many theories which prove the importance and scarcity of opportunity. We have no reason to underestimate any opportunity. In my view, there is no reason for us to neglect or desert any opportunity. Instead, we need to seize every opportunity. It is certain that if we grasp every opportunity and work for it heart and soul, we can definitely walk to the shore of success.解析：这篇文章激励学生学会抓住人生的每一个机会。