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河北省沧州市第一中学2017-2018学年高一上学期周测(11.28)生物试题 Word版含答案

河北省沧州市第一中学2017-2018学年高一上学期周测(11.28)生物试题 Word版含答案
河北省沧州市第一中学2017-2018学年高一上学期周测(11.28)生物试题 Word版含答案

2017-2018学年高一生物周测试题

一、选择题(题型注释)

1.绿色开花植物体的结构层次是:

A.细胞—组织—器官—植物体

B.细胞—组织—系统—植物体

C.细胞—器官—系统—植物体

D.细胞—器官—组织—植物体

2.显微镜目镜为10X,物镜为10X时,视野中被相连的64个分生组织细胞所充满,若物镜转换为40X后,则在视野中可检测到的分生组织细胞数为

A.2个 B.4个 C.8个 D.16个

3.人体内有20多种微量元素,它们的质量总和不到体重的千万分之一,但是对人的健康却起着重要的作用,下列各组元素全部是微量元素的是()

A.Na K Cl S O B.F I Fe Zn Cu

C. N H O P C D.Ge Ca Cu Mg C

4.某蛋白质分子含有a条肽链,共有b个氨基酸。如果氨基酸的平均相对分子质量是c,则该蛋白质的相对分子质量以及水解时需要的水的相对分子质量分别为:()

A.b(c-18)+18a和18(b-a) B.b(c+18)+18a和18(a + b)

C.b(c-18)-18a和18(a-b) D.b(c+18)-18a和18(b-a)

5.下列化合物不属于分泌蛋白的是()

A.抗体 B.胰蛋白酶 C.胰岛素 D.性激素

6.下列不含有氮、磷元素的物质是()

A.DNA B.核酶

C.ATP D.胆固醇

7.下列关于蛋白质和氨基酸的叙述,正确的是

A.具有生物催化作用的酶都是由氨基酸组成的

B.高等动物能合成生命活动所需的20种氨基酸

C.细胞中氨基酸种类和数量相同的蛋白质是同一种蛋白质

D.在个体发育过程中,细胞会产生新的蛋白质

8.细胞核中的遗传物质是DNA,那么细胞质中的遗传物质是

A.DNA B.RNA C.DNA和RNA D.DNA或RNA

9.下列有关DNA和RNA的比较中,正确的是

A.从分布上,真核细胞中的DNA全部存在于细胞核中,RNA全部存在于细胞质中

B.从化学组成上,DNA与RNA的碱基完全不同

C.从结构上,DNA多为双链结构,RNA通常为单链结构

D.鉴定DNA用吡罗红染色剂,鉴定RNA用甲基绿染色剂

10.下列关于糖类对应正确的一组是()

①存在于DNA而不存在于RNA的糖类

②植物细胞主要的储能物质

③人和动物体特有多糖的合成原料

④存在于肝脏细胞而不存在于动物乳汁的糖类

A.核糖、纤维素、乳糖、糖原 B.脱氧核糖、淀粉、糖原、蔗糖

C.脱氧核糖、淀粉、葡萄糖、糖原 D.核糖、淀粉、葡萄糖、糖原

11.人体胆固醇的生理功能之一是

A.促进肠道对钙和磷的吸收 B.调节细胞的渗透压

C.作为细胞内良好的储能物质 D.参与细胞膜的构成

12.下列物质中都含有肽键的一类物质是( )

A.酶、雄性激素、抗体

B.胰岛素、抗体、生长激素

C.雄性激素、载体、酶

D.甲状腺激素、雌性激素、维生素D

13.(2012?广东)有关生物膜结构与功能的叙述,正确的是()

A.膜载体蛋白的合成不需要ATP

B.葡萄糖跨膜运输不需要载体蛋白

C.线粒体外膜与内膜的主要功能不同

D.变形虫和草履虫的细胞膜基本组成成分不同

14.关于动物细胞膜的叙述,错误的是( )

A.细胞膜含有糖脂和糖蛋白

B.细胞融合与细胞膜的流动性有关

C.细胞膜进行胞吞时不消耗能量

D.细胞膜上的大多数蛋白质是可以运动的

15.下列物质或结构中含有糖类的是

①ATP ②DNA ③染色体④细胞膜⑤脂肪⑥淀粉酶.

A.①②③④ B.①③④⑥ C.①②③⑥ D.②③④⑥

16.下列有关核酸的叙述,正确的是

A.mRNA与ATP中所含元素的种类相同

B.每种生物均含有DNA和蛋白质等生物大分子成分

C.HIV的核酸由脱氧核糖核苷酸组成

D.蓝藻的DNA分布在拟核、线粒体和叶绿体中

17.关于DNA和RNA的叙述,正确的是

A.DNA有氢键,RNA没有氢键

B.一种病毒同时含有DNA和RNA

C.原核细胞中既有DNA,也有RNA

D.叶绿体、线粒体和核糖体都含有DNA

18.3H-亮氨酸合成3H—X的过程如图,a、b、c、d表示不同的细胞器。下列叙述正确的是

A.a、b、c、d都具有膜结构

B.c可用健那绿染液染色观察

C.该过程中d的膜面积会逐渐增大

D. 3H-X通过主动运输排出细胞

19.生物体内主要储能物质、最终能源、主要能源物质和直接能源依次是()

A.淀粉、阳光、葡萄糖、ATP

B.脂肪、ATP、糖类、阳光

C.脂肪、阳光、糖类、ATP

D.蛋白质、阳光、葡萄糖、ATP

20.在干旱地区正常生长的一棵植物,从理论上推测,其体内哪一部位细胞液浓度最高( )

A.根毛区细胞 B.叶肉细胞 C.导管细胞 D.根分生区细胞

21.对生物膜结构模型的探究历经了100多年的时间,目前仍在研究之中。在这期间,无数科学家积极投身该项研究之中并各自取得一定的进展。下列叙述正确的是()A.19世纪末,欧文顿对植物细胞的通透性进行上万次实验,最终推测膜上含有蛋白质B.1925年,两位荷兰科学家提取出蛙红细胞内所有脂质,最终确定膜上的磷脂为双层C.1959年,罗伯特森获得细胞膜“暗﹣亮﹣暗”的电镜照片,认为蛋白质分布于膜两侧D.1972年,桑格和尼克森提出流动镶嵌模型,认为膜上所有磷脂和蛋白质都是运动的22.用丙酮从人的口腔上皮细胞中提取脂质,在空气—水界面上铺成单分子层,测得单分子层面积为S1,设细胞膜表面积为S2,则S1与S2关系最恰当的是()A.S1=2S2 B.S1>2S2 C.S1<2S2 D.S2<S1<2S2

23.下列有关细胞内物质运输的叙述,正确的是

A.抗体在载体蛋白协助下主动运输至细胞外

B.海带细胞从海水中主动运输碘进入细胞

C.人的成熟红细胞不进行葡萄糖的跨膜运输

D.氢离子通过自由扩散进入细胞

24.下列生命活动中不需要ATP提供能量的是()

A.叶肉细胞合成的糖运输到果实

B.吞噬细胞吞噬病原体的过程

C.淀粉酶催化淀粉水解为葡萄糖

D.细胞中由氨基酸合成新的肽链

25.关于细胞结构和功能的说法正确的是()

A.颤藻和衣藻都能通过叶绿体的光合作用合成有机物

B.癌细胞中糖蛋白和核糖体的数量明显少于衰老细胞

C.Na+进入神经元的方式与神经元释放递质的方式不同

D.所有细胞中核糖体的形成都与核仁密切相关

26.人体中某些白细胞能够吞噬绿脓杆菌,与这一现象有关的是()

A.主动运输 B.协助扩散 C.自由扩散 D.细胞膜的流动性

27.如图为物质进出细胞的两种方式,对该图的正确理解是

A.Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别表示协助扩散和主动运输

B.氧、性激素是以Ⅱ方式进入细胞的

C.水、二氧化碳、氧气是以Ⅰ方式进入细胞的

D.Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别表示胞吞和胞吐

28.下列关于酶的叙述正确的是

A.酶都在核糖体上合成,能在细胞外发挥作用

B.酶降低活化能的作用显著,因此酶的催化效率高

C.需要ATP的生理过程一定需要酶,需要酶的过程不一定需要ATP

D.低温会破坏酶的空间结构,导致酶不可逆的失去活性

29.下列有关生物体内酶的叙述,不正确的是

A.酶不都是由氨基酸组成的

B.酶使反应物分子活化需要的能值提高

C.酶的专一性由其特定的分子结构决定

D.离开活细胞的酶可以保持催化能力

30.水稻细胞内合成的某物质,能够在常温下高效分解淀粉,该物质

A.在4°C条件下易变性 B.只含有C、H

C.也能催化淀粉合成 D.含有羧基

31.测定胃蛋白酶活性时,将溶液pH由10降到2的过程中,胃蛋白酶活性将

A.不断上升 B.没有变化

C.先升后降 D.先降后升

32.下列关于酶的叙述,正确的是()

①细胞内的酶都是在核糖体上合成的②酶能降低反应的活化能

③所有的酶都具有专一性④酶是分泌细胞产生的

⑤一旦离开活细胞,酶就失去催化能力⑥蛋白酶可以水解淀粉酶.

A.①②③ B.②④⑥ C.②③⑥ D.①②⑤

33.在酶量一定、适宜温度和pH条件下,下列能正确表示酶促反应速率与底物浓度之间关系的是

34.关于酶的叙述,正确的是

A.酶提供了化学反应所需的活化能,从而提高反应速率

B.在最适条件下,酶的催化效率最高,体现了酶的高效性

C.酶适宜于在最适温度下长期保存以保持最高活性

D.酶既可以作为催化剂,也可作为另一个反应物的底物

35.下列关于生物体内酶的叙述,不正确的是

A.酶都是活细胞产生的蛋白质

B.酶活性易受温度和pH影响

C.酶的分子结构决定其专一性

D.酶可以成为酶促反应的底物

36.能够催化淀粉酶水解的酶是

A.淀粉酶 B.脂肪酶 C.蛋白酶 D.麦芽糖酶

37.将乳清蛋白、淀粉、胃蛋白酶、唾液淀粉酶和适量水混合装入容器中,调整pH至2.0,保存于37℃的水浴锅内。过一段时间后,容器内剩余的物质是()

A.淀粉、胃蛋白酶、多肽、水

B.唾液淀粉酶、淀粉、胃蛋白酶、水

C.唾液淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、多肽、水

D.唾液淀粉酶、麦芽糖、胃蛋白酶、多肽、水

38.下列有关ATP的叙述正确的是

A.“T”指的是ATP中含有三个髙能磷酸键

B.剧烈运动时细胞内的ATP含量将急剧减少

C.细胞内的放能反应一般与ATP的合成相联系

D.叶肉细胞中产生的ATP只能用于暗反应阶段

39.下列ADP含量增加的过程是

A.K+进入肾小管壁的上皮细胞

B.苯进入生物细胞

C.线粒体中的氢与氧结合

D.甘油吸收进入小肠上皮细胞

40.下列对人体细胞内ATP的描述中,正确的是

A.ATP只能在线粒体中生成

B.人体细胞内ATP的含量低,但转化形成非常快

C.细胞内贮有大量ATP,以备生理活动需要

D.ATP转变为ADP的反应是可逆的

第II卷(非选择题)

41.回答下面的问题:(每空2分,共计10分)

(1)图中反映的是细胞膜的________的功能。

(2)图中发出信号的细胞是________ 表示靶细胞的是________。

(3)2表示细胞膜上的________,其化学本质是________。

42.在生物实验室里,有下列试剂供实验时选用。请根据相关实验回答问题:(每空2分,共计10分)

A.1%健那绿染色液

B.15%HCl溶液

C.0.1g/mLNaOH溶液

D.0.02g/mL龙胆紫溶液

E.10-3-l0-2mol/L吲哚乙酸

F.0.5g/mL蔗糖溶液

(1)如果要比较两种植物细胞的染色体形态,则应选用染色剂(填写序号)。(2)某人被怀疑为糖尿病患者,初步鉴定应选用试剂(填写序号),同时还应配合使用的试剂是(填写名称)。

(3)观察活细胞中的线粒体形态分布,则应选用试剂(填写序号)。(4)如果用试剂F处理洋葱鳞片叶外表皮的临时装片,过一段时间后,用清水替代试剂F,在高倍镜下(填能不能)观察到质壁分离的复原的现象。

43.科学家在不同的温度条件下测得同一种酶的活性,并根据所得到的数据绘制成曲线如下。

请分析回答下列问题:(每空2分,共计10分)

(1)温度由A到B,酶的活性;在点的温度下酶活性最高;该温度称为该酶的温度,温度由C到B,酶的活性。

(2)实际生活中,要想使加酶洗衣粉获得较好的洗涤效果,最好用(凉水或温水)。

44.据图分析回答下列问题:(每空2分,10分)

(1)图1曲线表示物质A生成物质P的化学反应,在无催化条件和有酶催化条件下的能量变化过程。酶所降低的活化能可用图中________线段来表示。如果将酶催化改为无机催化剂催化该反应,则b在纵轴上将________(上移/下移)。

(2)图2纵轴为酶促反应速率,横轴为底物浓度,其中能正确表示酶量增加1倍时,底物浓度和反应速率关系的是______(填A或B)。

(3)图3是ATP与ADP之间的相互转化图。其中B表示____(物质),细胞的主动运输过程中伴随着_____(酶1/酶2)所催化的化学反应。

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11.I heard you'll have a two-weeks summer holiday. ____ ____ 15 expensive machine that uses the latest technology.16 ago most toys were made from wood and cloth.Today the most common17 is plastic. Toys date back to ancient times.Scientists often18 toys when they dig up old ruins.These

19 ancient balls,dolls,tops,and boats.They have20 dug up game pieces.These pieces show people have21 games similar to chess,checkers,and backgammon for thousands of years. Many22 ,from both ancient and modern times,23objects from the adult world.24 children grow they often imitate(模仿)adults in their play.They25 toys modeled after things that adults use in everyday life.26 ,a child in ancient Egypt might have played with a small wooden camel.A child in today's world might27 a toy car or a toy telephone. The modern toy industry is a very big busine ss.28 toys are still common.But many companies produce toys that run on batteries(电池).Other toys29 the latest electronic and computer technology. The toy business is challenging,30 ,because fashions quickly come and go.A toy loved by children today may31 lose popularity.Safety is another32 for toy makers.Most toy packaging includes safety warnings.These 33 warn about such things as small objects that a very young 34 could swallow(吞咽). 15.A.and B.or C.yet D.nor 16.A.Days B.Weeks C.Months D.Years 17.A.material B.problem C.word https://www.doczj.com/doc/8110406096.html, 18.A.protect B.find C.collect D.fix 19.A.pick up B.develop into C.include D.produce 20.A.also B.still C.just D.again 21.A.studied B.changed C.discussed D.played 22.A.games B.toys C.pieces D.ruins 23.A.cover up B.look like C.affect D.become 24.A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.As 25.A.share B.remember C.enjoy D.take 26.A.For example B.At first C.In addition D.As usual 27.A.create B.trust C.have D.discover 28.A.Soft B.Simple C.Electronic https://www.doczj.com/doc/8110406096.html,cational 29.A.need B.offer C.test https://www.doczj.com/doc/8110406096.html,e 30.A.however B.instead C.anyhow D.moreover 31.A.often B.even C.soon D.once 32.A.chance B.promise C.concern D.surprise 33.A.ads B.adults https://www.doczj.com/doc/8110406096.html,panies D.messages 34.A.maker B.child C.shopper D.beginner

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