高中英语阅读理解
一、明白文章的类型、结构
在阅读文章时，要观察文章属于什么类型，什么结构。这有助于迅速找到答案。一般说来，新闻报道的开头就把发生的事一目了然地写出来，所以，新闻报道的第一段是最重要的，接下来才讲述事情的经过及细节。而议论文章也喜欢这种形式，开门见山提出观点，再进行论述。说明文章喜欢一点一点分开说明。广告词喜欢用简练、缩略的语言方式进行表达，有时比较迷惑人。例如：
Share flat, Goodhope Valley nice flat. The other room ready for use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park view, P.W. including bills of phone and power.
Female non-smoker. No pet.
Helen:2525744.
Q: Helen wants to ____________.
A. Find another lady to share the cost of a flat.
B. Share her room in a flat with a lady who has no pet.
C. Rent a flat of her own at P.W.
D. Find a flat in Goodhope V alley with park view.
很多同学选B或C，但正确答案为A。
选B的同学是因为受广告词末端“No pet”的影响而忽略了“share her room in a flat”的意思：在一个套间中共用她的房间。而广告的第二句“The other room ready for use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park view”明确表明，另一间房马上就可以用。这证明不是共用一间房，而是共用一套间，故选A，选C的同学则主要是受“P.W.”的影响，而忽略了“Rent a flat of her own”。
二、多积累、运用综合知识
知识是相互联系的，特别是现代考试，内容广泛灵活，多种知识互相覆盖，平时多积累综合知识，有利于阅读理解的提高。例如：
A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates(刺激) certain glands(腺) in the birds body and prepares it for migration. One scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two months to artificial(人造的) daylight. Recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free. The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the birds? body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
Q: The birds fly north in midwinter because ____________.
A. They are specially trained by a scientist.
B. They are affected by seasonal changes.
C. A change in their body temperature.
D. They are exposed to extra daylight.
这是一道生物和地理知识相结合的题目。很多同学选B，但答案是D。主要是受最后一句的影响：“结论表明迁徙的欲望由鸟的身体变化决定，而这种变化是在日照长度变化的季节发生的”。这句话的意思是说鸟的迁徙由日照的长短决定。但同学不理解，认为季节变化决定日照长短的说法不够准确，只能说日照的长短与季节有关。实际上，根据地理知识，我们可以知道，在北极或南极日照时间有明显变化，但季节变化不明显。可见，知识面广有助于正确理解文章。其实本文中第二句就是答案，而最后一句只是进一步说明这一点。
三、长句的分析与理解
阅读理解设问的依据往往就在从句上，因此如果对长句的理解不彻底或不准确，从句与从句之间的衔接脱钩，就会导致对整个段落理解的错误，自然也选不出正确答案。例如：
Gas b oard men looking for a leak told a shop girl there was …not enough gas kill a mouse. Less than five hours later the shopping area, in which 21 people died, lay in ruins from an explosion, the blast inquiry was told yesterday. Her boss, Mr. Robertson, 30, said that on the day of the explosion he rang the gas board for an inspector after he learned that the men who were digging the road outside were subcontractor (次承包人).
Q: Mr. Robertson telephoned the Gas Board because___
A. He could smell gas.
B. He wanted an inspector to come to his shop and look for a gas leak.
C. He fell that there would be an explosion.
D. The men digging the road outside were from the gas board.
很多同学选B，但正确答案为D。选错的原因是对after引导的状语从句理解不当，该状语从句里又有宾语从句和定语从句，也受第一句的影响：Gas board men looking for a leak told a shop girl……正在找漏气的煤气公司的人告诉女店员没有足够的气体杀死一个老鼠。所以部分同学认为，打电话给煤气公司是找检察员来检查煤气漏气。其实不然，第二句是复合句，才是答案，理解为：Mr. Robertson得知在外面挖路的人不是煤气公司的人（而是次承包人）后，才打电话给煤气公司并要求派人来检查此事。
四、学会猜词
在阅读时肯定会碰到未学的单词，所以必须学会猜词，以免让生词成为阅读的障碍。猜词时可把选择项的词汇逐个代入原句中，看哪一个词最为合理。例如：
It is a fact that young men are more romantic than young women, young men fall in love at the drop of a hat.
Q: What dose the underlined phrase most probably mean?
A. very much
B. very lovely
C. easily
D. slowly
只要把A、B、C、D分别代入“at the drop of hat”的位置便知：A非常，B非常可爱，C容易，D缓慢，只有C合理。全句意为：年轻男人比年轻女人浪漫是事实，年轻男人容易陷入情网。
提高阅读理解效果的途径还有很多，必须在平时多练多总结。
五、一些解题技巧
一）识别最佳选项。
1.识别包含项。某项的内容概括了其他三项。如：
1). What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory?
A. Your roommate?s telephone calls
B. Habits that ma y differ from your own
C. Visits by your roommate?s friends
D. Roommates who are unsanitary
2). The three examples are cited to show that _______.
A. Quit smoking is necessary
B. Healthy habits benefit our h ealth
C. Fruits and vegetables are better than milk.
D. We should drink more water every day.
2. 识别正反项。两项内容矛盾或相反，其中一个可能是选项。如：
1). According to the passage, listening only with ears may happen to us when ______.
A. we are emotionally tired
B. we are physically disabled
C. we are so interested in the topic
D. we are asked many questions
2). There is unlikely any life on Venus because ______.
A. it has very thin atmosphere
B. the surface temperature is too hot
C. the weather is too cold
D. it is extremely short of water
3. 保留委婉项，排除绝对项。委婉项用词：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to, be liable to(可能)等。
绝对项：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already 等。
1）(连云港四模66）From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr. Robbie Adler-Tapia agrees that
A. p arents should regard making friends as something that just happens
B. i t's wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships
C. p arents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations
D. p arents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can
2) (连云港四模69）Due to the digital rights management, ________.
A.the e-book should be tied to a specific device
B. p eople should upgrade their devices regularly
C.readers are likely to lose access to their purchase
D. only purchasers can download the book without limit
4. 识别同形项。几个选项形式与结构上相似，其中可能存在正确答案。
1).（南京模拟65）Visiting photographers should make sure that __________.
A. pictures and videos are allowed for personal use anywhere in the Gallery
B. pictures and videos can be taken in some places for personal use
C. picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden in the Gallery
D. tripods are allowed except in some special exhibitions
2).（江苏66）Why did Jack think Mr. Belser died years ago?
A. College and career prevented him from remembering Mr. Belser.
B. Jack was too busy with his business and family to think about Mr. Belser.
C. Jack was too busy realizing his dreams to think about Mr. Belser.
D. His present busy life washed away his children memories.
5. 识别常识项。符合哲理和一般规律的选项可能是正确选项。
（江苏61）We learn from the passage that __________.
A. all living things on the E arth depend on the Sun for their food（尽管是绝对项）
B. a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy
C. only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth
D. greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth?s surface
二）区分文章体裁：
记叙文：重点注意人物的言行，事件的经过。
描写文：人或物的特征。
说明文：介绍事物性质、特点和内在联系。阅读重点为寻找和归纳主题句或结论。
议论文：阐明事物性质，表明作者的观点和看法。阅读重点是捕捉作者的观点，注意首、尾段。如：The writer?s purpose in writing this story is________.
A. to tell an interesting experience (记叙文)
B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty （说明文）
C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman （描写文）
D. to prove the difficulty of learning to cook from books (议论文）
练习：说出下面四个选项分别是什么体裁的：
This passage was probably written to__________.
A. tell about Edison?s inventions
B. explain electricity
C. prove that people wished to honor Edison
D. show what a great man Edison was
三）主旨大意题，即main idea或the best title题。
1. 迅速剔除选项中的涉及到原文细节、具体事实或议论文的论据，选择能概括出来全文、照顾到各方的选项；剔除离题太远、过度概括、只概括几段或几句话的选项。如：
（湖北卷D）76. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. We should balance work with rest. (照顾到work和rest双方)
B. The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. (具体事实)
C. It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.”（原文细节）
D. We should be available to our family and friends.（只概括几句话）
再如：（重庆卷A）59. Which of the following would be the best title?
A. A quilt show
B. Mother's home
C. A Monday dinner
D. Grandmother's quilt
又如：（连云港四模59）Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Highly Skilled Swimmer
B. The Unsinkable Diana Nyad
C. A Regrettable Experience
D. The Inspiring Adventure
2. 注意头、尾，文中作者多次重复的观点以及带有以下文字提示的地方。如therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。
（北京卷D篇）
（首段）When it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate（照亮）me and train me up for love.
It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.
….
（尾段）It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist（心理学家），who will only fill up the healing（愈合的）silence necessary to those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.
70. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Unforgettable Experiences
B. Remarkable Imagination
C. Lifelong Friendship
D. Noble Companions
3. 向自己提问，排除干扰。所给四个选项，拿每一个让你写文章，你能写出什么样的文体和内容。
（湖北卷C篇）72. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Allen, A Helpless Driver
B. Wasps, Bloody Killers
C. A Race Against Death
D. War Against Wasps
练习1：The best title for this passage may be _______.
A. Economic rules
B. Laws of supply and demand
C. More goods, lower prices
D. Fewer goods, higher prices
练习2：On the day of Edison?s funeral, many people silently dimmed(使暗淡) their lights. In this way they honored the man who had done more than anyone else to put the great force of electricity at this countrymen?s fingertips.
The best title for this passage is ________.
A. Edison?s funeral
B. Edison?s inventions
C. People?s respect for Edison
D. Electricity
练习3: (上海卷) We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
The passage mainly focuses on __________.
A. schools and certificates
B. examination and equality
C. opportunity and employment
D. standards and reputation
四）细节理解题。大多为Wh-问句、是非判断题、计算（时间、距离、价格等）、排序、图形比较等。注意：
1. 先看题，再作答。
2. 某个题目可能涉及几处原文。
如(连云港三模70) Which is the correct order about the life of Victor?
① Victor?s mother passed away.
② Victor got help from the professor and other scientists.
③ Victor went to university and attended the professor?s talk.
④ Victor found the answer to giving life to things that were dead.
⑤ Victor experienced a storm, seeing the lightning destroying the tree.
A. ①②③④⑤
B. ⑤①②④③
C. ①③②⑤④
D. ⑤①③②④
（江苏高考A篇）The Marches were a happy family. Poverty, hard work and even the fact that Father March 练习：
was away with the Union armies could not down the spirits of Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy, and Marmee, as the March girls called their mother.
56. The members of the March family were Father March, Mrs. March and their ________.
A. four daughters
B. five daughters
C. son and four daughters
D. son and five daughters
（陕西卷B）
Photographs are everywhere. They decorate (装饰) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.
Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty(贫穷)caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine?s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents(文献) ,photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish(发表) them in books and on the Internet.
45. The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to.
A. beauties
B. photos
C. goods
D. events
46. The photos of the small children by Hine show us that photos .
A. are also works of art
B. are popular ways of reporting news
C. often shock the public
D. can serve as a force for social change
47. What can we learn from the passage?
A. News with pictures is encouraging.
B. Photos help people improve
C. News photos mean history in a sense.
D. People prefer reading news with pictures.
48. The text is mainly about .
A. telling the story through picture
B. decorating the walls of homes
C. publishing historical papers
D. expressing feeling through pictures
五）推理判断题。有infer/suggest/imply/conclude/attitude等词。
1. 原文已有的判断和推理使用的事实依据不是答案。答案往往与原文语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句子表达相同的意思。排除：是原文内容，但不是题目要求的内容；与原文内容相似，但程度上有些变动；符合常识，但不是文章内容；部分正确，部分错误。
2. 要注意具有褒义或贬义的、带有感情色彩的词来确定作者的感情、态度。
3. 一定要考虑作者的态度，不要犯主观武断错误，自以为是、凭空想象。如：
1). The jackdaw(寒鸦)，knowing his own ugliness, yet wishing to rule other birds, searched through woods and fields for feathers which had fallen from the wings of his companions, and stuck them all over his body.
Q: From the passage we infer that _________.
A. the jackdaw wanted to control his companions
B. beautiful birds can rule over others
C. the jackdaw stuck the wings all over his body to become beautiful
D. ugly as he was, the jackdaw wished to be king over the birds
2). Divers and planes were searching for more than 400 missing passengers in an Egyptian ship which had sunk near the Safaga port. Two days later, divers discovered that most of the lifeboats never left the ship. Hundreds of bodies are still inside the ship. More than 450 passengers and sailors died under the water.
Q:Hundreds of passengers died under the water and are still in the ship because ________.
A. most of the passengers on the ship could not swim
B. the Egyptian ship sank into the sea very quickly
C. most of the lifeboats are still on the ship
D. they were too frightened to escape from the sinking ship
练习1：The old saying “an apple a day keeps doctors away” is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they have vitamin C. Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy. But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body does not need extra vitamins, so why waste money on them?
Q: In this paragraph, the writer tries to let us know_______.
A. vitamin C is of great importance to out health
B. apples can take the place of doctors
C. taking extra vitamin pills is useless
D. often eating fruit and vegetables is a good habit.
练习2：That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With opening night only a week to go, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me. Q: How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work?
A. Cold and sick.
B. Fortunate and helpful
C. Satisfied and cheerful
D. Disappointed and helpless
六. 猜测词义。不要脱离原文语境，利用构词法、同义或反义关系、定义、例证和上下文语境等理解生词。如：
Since I could not afford to buy the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.
练习1：猜出unforeseeable的汉语意思
练习2：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.
四个步骤
（1）速读短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。
（2）看题。了解考查内容，带着问题读材料，寻找答案。
（3）复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。
（4）核查。注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能找到（从文中）根据，确保正确无误。
阅读理解练习
A
Ask Jinny Thiel what the secr et to her long life is and she?ll tell you it?s not only one thing, but a combination of things. Thiel will be 95 on Nov. 24. She moved to New Jersey in 1937. Thiel, who now lives with her daughter Bogsch, has spent most of her life being active. This is o ne of her secrets, but now it won?t be so well-kept. “She danced and swam and dove,” said Bogsch. “She did rap and jazz and was in a group called The Jazz Dancers.” Thiel remembers doing shows on the streets in her town. When she was 65, Thiel retired and joined a senior dance troupe（剧团）.
“I was older than most of the members,” she said.
Thiel is not as active as she used to be after having a mini stroke（中风）, but that doesn’t stop her.
“She?ll be sitting down but her feet will be going a mile a minute to the music,” said Bogsch. Thiel stays active in other ways.
“She goes to lunch every day with the senior center in Merchantville,” Bogsch said. “They pick her up and she is out of the house for about four hours.”
Thiel says another secret is taking care of her image. She wears jewelry every day, has her nails painted and never owned a pair of sneakers （运动鞋）until she was 85.
She would wear heels（高跟鞋）to work at Sears,”Bogsch said.
Thiel has built a family in New Jersey. She had four children, 9 grandchildren and 16 great-grandchildren. “Everybody gets a card for his or her birthday or anniversary,” Bogsch said. The family is planning a dinner celebration at Charlie Brown?s and maybe a night seeing a show in Philadelphia.
Oh, and one more secret: Thiel eats something sweet every day.
1. To keep her health, Thiel does the following things, EXCEPT _______.
A. eating something sweet every day
B. swimming and diving often
C. going to lunch with other old people
D. shaking her feet to the music
2. Thiel is less active than she used to be because ______.
A. she once suffered from a mini stroke
B. she is busy with housework
C. she has to take care of her great-grandchildren
D. She can?t walk very well
3. From the passage, we can conclude ________.
A. if yo u want to have a long life, you?d better wear heels
B. Thiel was the oldest in the senior dance troupe
C. there are 30 people in Thiel?s family
D. being active is good for people?s health
4. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Live with the Music
B. Never Wear Sneakers
C. Have a Large Family
D. Thiel?s Secrets to a Long Life
B
Long ago, people knew of a few things that could cause patients to sleep, but these anaesthetics (麻醉剂) were weak. They could not be given in large amounts because they often caused death. If only a little was given, the sick men could still feel pain. So these old anaesthetics were almost useless. Operations were usually done without anaesthetics while the patient could feel the pain.
Any operation in the old days was very difficult. The doctor had to work while the patient?s body moved almost constantly. As the body was cut open, it tried to turn from side to side. How could a doctor do any operation carefully and quickly in conditions like those? Considering that the open cuts were not kept clean, and that even the doctor?s clothes were usually very dirty, it is not surprising to hear of a high number of deaths. Today, however, we need not worry about feeling pain during an operation. There are now anaesthetics which make patients fall into a kind of deep sleep, and when they wake, the operation is finished. A man can, in some operations, stay awake and chat with the doctors while they are cutting open the lower part of his body. One doctor even managed to cut off his own leg.
5. What?s the best title for the passage?
A. The History of Anaesthetics
B. Anaesthetics and Operations
C. The Advantage of Anaesthetics
D. The Purpose of Anaesthetics
6. In the old days, sick men were given operations without anaesthetics because __________.
A. the sick men didn?t feel any pain
B. the sick men were not afraid of being cut open
C. the old anaesthetics were almost useless
D. the old anaesthetics made people weak
7. According to the passage, we know that during operations in the old days, ___________.
A. doctors wore clean clothes
B. patients refused to take anaesthetics
C. patients suffered pain and moved a lot
D. the open cuts were dealt with properly
8. How do anaesthetics work now during operations?
A. They make patients suffer pain or feel happy.
B. They easily make patients fall into a kind of deep sleep.
C. They lead patients to lose their minds.
D. They help patients recover from illness.
C
Imagine a place where you can buy a wedding dress and ring, get married, and have a wedding party all in one day? The Mall of America offers all those goods and services.
The huge shopping and entertainment center is the largest mall in the United States. It covers thirty-one hectares(公顷). It cost six hundred and fifty million dollars to build. The Mall of America has more than five hundred stores, including four large department stores. It has sixty places to eat.
But there is a lot more to do at the Mall of America than just shop and eat. Why not visit the mall’s aquarium （水族馆）? The 91-meter-long glass tunnel holds thousands of sea animals. They swim, crawl and float in about four million liters of water. You can walk alongside the aquarium and watch sharks eat or see a Caribbean reef(礁石) up close.
Young visitors to the Mall of America can also enjoy roller coasters(过山车), ferris wheels and other rides. It has the largest indoor amusement park in the United States. The mall also has a dinosaur museum, flight simulation（模拟）center and fourteen movie theaters.
More than eleven thousand employees keep the operations running smoothly. During the summer and holidays, the mall employs thousands more people for temporary work. Mall spokesman Daniel Jasper says more than forty-five million people visit the mall every year from all over the world. He says that on any given day, there are enough people at the Mall to make it the third largest city in Minnesota.
The Mall of America is fifteen years old in 2007. The owners are planning a year of celebrations. They are also planning a major expansion. It will include hotels, a business center, a water park and an art center.
9. What is the passage mainly about?
A. An introduction to a shopping center.
B. An advertisement for a mall.
C. The size of a mall in America.
D. The people running the malls in America.
10. What do we know about the mall, according to the passage?
A. The mall has the largest amusement park in the USA.
B. At the mall, you can not only shop, but also attend lectures.
C. There are more employees in summer and holidays.
D. The mall is ninety-one meters long and has fourteen movie theatres.
11. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. The Mall of America has become the third largest city in Minnesota.
B. The mall gets more visitors than the population of the third largest city in Minnesota.
C. The mall is regarded as the best place by many Americans.
D. People are trying to make it become a large city.
12. What can you infer from the last paragraph?
A. The mall was the first one in America.
B. The planning of the celebration will go on for a year.
C. The mall will offer more services in the future.
D. The mall will be replaced by a business center.
D
Annealing
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.
1. Why do people put hot metal in water?
A. To make it hard.
B. To make it soft.
C. To make it cool.
D. To make it brittle.
2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.
A. the quantity of water used
B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal
D. the timing of the operation
3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.
D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.
1、答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。B项明显错误；C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。
2、答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。
3、答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。
高中英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧 CHN 纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查 的重点，自始至终占主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。做好阅读理解，是 获得高考英语高分的关键。 阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1.阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细 节。 2.既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3.既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4.既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理 和判断。 5.既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解 判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型： 主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物 评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题-- 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概 括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主 题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点， 寻找解题的方法--。 常见题型 1.主题型：What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2.标题型：What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) . 3.目的型：The main purpose of this text is . The author’s purpose of writing this text is to . What’s the main purpose of the passage? 解题指导 1.抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以贯穿各 段中心句进行总结。 2.抓住文章逻辑线索，理清发展脉络。作者往往会采取举例、
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 One of my favorite hobbies is exchanging old-fashioned, paper-with-a-stamp-on-it postcards with random strangers around the world. The Postcrossing Project was created by Paulo Magalhaes in 2005. He liked getting mails—especially postcards. He thought others did, too—but how could he connect with them? That's when he came up with the idea of an online platform (https://www.doczj.com/doc/8817368507.html,): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return. Along with a randomly selected address, participants get a unique code to put on the postcard. When the postcard arrives, the recipient registers that code with the site, which then causes the sender's address to be given to another postcrosser in turn. In practice, this means that for nearly every postcard I send (a few get lost in the mail) I get one back. And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a wonderful surprise. Privacy-conscious Americans might worry about sharing their address with strangers overseas. But postcrossers are friendly, polite, respectful folks—in more than 450 cards exchanged, I've yet to have a bad experience. On days when the international news is depressing, postcrossing is my comfort. There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different. It seems like such a small thing to send out a postcard. But as travel and communication technology continue to shrink the world, it's important to remember that it isn't just for diplomats and politicians to represent our country anymore. All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show the best of your country to the world. And it's good to know that what you need to accomplish this is not necessarily complicated or expensive. It can be as simple as a postcard. （1）Why did Paulo set up https://www.doczj.com/doc/8817368507.html,? A. To discuss personal hobbies with strangers. B. To exchange postcards with others in the world C. To collect different postcards from other countries. D. To provide a platform for communication online. （2）According to the passage, postcrossers __________. A. don't know who will send them postcards B. are sure to get a postcard back immediately C. often choose a receiver's address carefully D. register every postcard they receive online （3）What did the writer learn from postcrossing? A. The international news is usually depressing. B. Americans are more conscious about privacy. C. Postcrossers sometimes describe their bad experience.
A “You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club. I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services
高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导与解读：复盘阅读C篇阅读心理过程 试卷阅读理解如何分析？仁者见仁智者见智，没有所谓的标准答案。我的理解是，一篇好的阅读解读应该包含，当然各有侧重点不同： 1、背景、内容、主旨 2、词汇和语言 3、语篇的行文特点 4、逻辑关系 5、体裁及其语体特点 6、深层含义 7、现实含义 8、作者意图、观点和态度 每次阅读前都要问自己四点： 1、我是不是总结了本文的宏观结构，是不是其它同话题文章也有同样的结构？ 2、文章的主旨在哪些段落里可以反映出来，这些段落的语句可有什么特征被广泛运用？ 3、文章反映了作者什么态度，哪些句子或单词可以看出来？ 4、段落是如何展开的，是举例、对比还是其它？ 每次刷题后也要问自己两点： 1、命题人的设问和文章结构可有关系，或者有什么规律？ 2、正确选项和错误选项分别针对文章句子的如何设计的？ 下面我就本次某考试阅读C篇来实践一下，实际上这也是我课堂上的循序，当然一般都是通过问题设计。
C 1 The Bible begins with the creation of the world. As a consequence（结果标识词，读到此，应该知道后面的主题句了）, in traditional Western thought the world is assumed to have been created by God. （段落中心：上帝创造世界。后面是具体解释了，可以略读）The Earth is associated with whatever is impermanent, imperfect, bodily and sinful. Heaven is the sphere of the permanent, perfect, spiritual and holy.（概念或中心句+具体解释的模式是绝大部分英语论说文的展开模式，关键是中心句的辨认。请关注解释部分里面的情感形容词：perfect, imperfect等，这都是通过对比来突出Heaven） 2 Traditional Chinese thought has no place for the idea of a creation（本句为论点，从上文的西方思想到本段的中国思想，明显是比较）. What exists has always existed and shall always do so（always重复，突出中国思想的特色）.Accordingly （语篇标识词，此句是照应论点句。这种模式：论点+论据+总结照应，也是很常见的）there is no concept of necessary “improvement”or “correction”of the creation through such means as a Last Judgment. 3 Things are as they are simply because that is the way they are（从because可见这是承接上文，具体解释中国思想了，可扫读一下第4段的首句确定）. The natural principle of order, common to all that exists, is called the Way (dao)（新的概念the Way的提出，必然后面要具体解释，这是铁定规律）. The Way is not some sort of law or pattern that God or prophets (先知) forced on what exists. It reveals itself in the
高一英语阅读理解试题及答案) 一( 40分）20小题；每小题2分，满分阅读理解（共A “Some day, there'll be no Americans left in
who Xing Tao, NBA,” said 12-year-old the after weeks ago school team two joined his game, NBA a Ming in televised watching Yao “The players will all be Chinese, like Yao.”superstar home-grown Yao is a To China,
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高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable
记叙文类作者：巩穹 （I）★★ Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. 1. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon? A. She couldn't get admitted to medical school B. She decided to further her education in Paris C. A serious eye problem stopped her D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States 2. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming for a doctor? A. She was a woman. B. She wrote too many letters. C. She couldn't graduate from medical school. D. She couldn't set up her hospital. 3. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital? A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years 4. According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts”in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell except that she ______. A. became the first woman physician B. was the first woman doctor C. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children D. set up the first medical school for women 5. Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______. A. England B. Paris C. the United States D. New York City 1-5 CAABC （II）★★★ Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark's agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer.
Ⅰ.Teaching Contents 教学内容 Module 7 Unit4 Sharing Reading: A Letter Home II.Analysis of teaching material 教材分析 本单元的话题是Sharing，主要涉及帮助弱者、志愿服务、合作分享等。通过听、说、读、写等各种活动学习相关的语言知识，使学生了解世界上很多地方依然很落后，从而懂得同情，学会分享。了解一些志愿者工作的信息，培养学生互助合作的精神和社会责任感。结合针对短文话题的探讨激发学生的国际意识，通过各种渠道力所能及地为贫困地区的孩子做出自己的贡献。 本课设计的这篇课文是一个志愿者的一封家书，她在巴布亚新几内亚共和国的一个小山村教书。信中详细地描述了她所在学校的情况和她去一个学生家做客的经历。通过这封信，学生可以了解巴布亚新几内亚共和国各部落的生活状况和风俗习惯，同时能够更好地理解志愿者的工作。 Ⅲ.Analysis of students学情分析 1．学生经过高中阶段必修1～选修6的学习，具备了一定的阅读技能，如查找细节信息，抓住段落要点和全文大意等，在阅读速度方面也有了较大的提高，这有助于学生较好地完成这个课时的课文阅读。同时，在听、说、写等方面也有了一定的基础。 2．这个单元的话题是分享、帮助与合作。对于高二的学生而言，他们的价值观人生观已经基本形成，本课通过阅读志愿者的家书，了解一些志愿者的工作，小组讨论“如果你/你们是志愿者你/你们将做什么工作？为什么？”帮助学生认识这个世界，理解互助合作的意义，即在帮助他人的过程中实现自己的人生价值。 3．学生在这节课的学习过程中需要用到预习策略、搜集分析信息策略、归纳整理策略等。 Ⅳ.Design of Teaching Objectives 教学目标 1.Knowledge objectives 知识目标 (1)学生能够正确读写及运用本课出现的单词。 (2)学生掌握本课词组的意思并能在句子中熟练运用。 2.Ability objective能力目标 (1)强化略读、查读等阅读技能，训练通过寻找关键词、主题句等方式更快速并准确 地确定文章的段落大意，理清文章的总体框架与脉络的技能。 (2)增强阅读理解能力；发展借助图片、表格等非语言信息进行语言输出的能力。 3.Affective objectives 情感价值目标 (1)帮助学生理解志愿者工作的意义，培养学生在日常生活中帮助他人、扶贫救困的 爱心。 (2)在小组合作互动中，增强学生的团队合作精神与分享意识。 Ⅴ.Teaching Important Points(教学重点) a.获取巴布亚新几内亚独立国各部落生活状况和风俗习惯的信息； b．阅读能力的培养和阅读技巧的训练，如精读课文完成表格填空等。
英语阅读理解文章（作者）意图解题指导教学设计 I．设计思路 《高中英语新课程标准》明确指出：“高中英语课程要有利于学生优化英语学习方法，使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，充分发挥自己的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高自主学习的能力。” 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求：要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 1、理解主旨要义； 2、理解文中具体信息； 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、作出简单判断和理解； 5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容 或作要词词语转换。 因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种： 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 推理判断型 让我们比较一下近两年江苏高考卷阅读理解题的分类题量。
2010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。 推理判断题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。 判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。判断推理题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，预测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。 推断题分类 1.推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点或态度 3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处 5.推断文脉逻辑关系 那么，该如何掌握对推断作者观点态度题以及写作目的题的理解呢？ 人物性格、态度及观点判断题： 高考阅读测试中有些是考查对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意：由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点；特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词；能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C