英语六级真题及答案解析卷一

2024英语六级试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) The man is a professor.B) The man is a student.C) The man is a librarian.D) The man is a writer.答案：C2. A) The woman is looking for a job.B) The woman is looking for a house.C) The woman is looking for a book.D) The woman is looking for a restaurant.答案：A3. A) The man is late for the meeting.B) The man is early for the meeting.C) The man is on time for the meeting.D) The man is not attending the meeting.答案：A二、阅读理解（共40分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of teamwork.B) The benefits of working alone.C) The drawbacks of group projects.D) The challenges of managing a team.答案：A2. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A) Teamwork always leads to success.B) Teamwork can be more efficient than working alone.C) Teamwork is only beneficial in certain situations.D) Teamwork is always less efficient than working alone.答案：C3. What is the author's opinion on team dynamics?A) They are essential for success.B) They are not important in modern work environments.C) They can be detrimental to productivity.D) They are only relevant in large organizations.答案：A三、完形填空（共20分）1. A) DespiteB) AlthoughC) BecauseD) If答案：A2. A) wasB) wereC) isD) are答案：B3. A) thatB) whichC) itD) this答案：B四、翻译（共10分）1. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “There is a growing awareness of the importance of digital literacy and skills in today’s world.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Reply to the man’s last proposal within a short time.B) Sign the agreement if one small change is made to it.C) Make a sponsorship deal for her client at the meeting.D) Give the man some good news regarding the contract.2. A) They are becoming impatient.B) They are afraid time is running out.C) They are used to making alterations.D) They are concerned about the details.3. A) To prevent geographical discrimination.B) To tap the food and beverage market.C) To avoid any conflict of interest.D) To reduce unfair competition.4. A) It is a potential market for food and beverage.B) It is very attractive for real estate developers.C) It is a negligible market for his company.D) It is very different from other markets.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They are thrilled by a rare astronomic phenomenon.B) They are celebrating a big event on mountain tops.C) They are enthusiastic about big science-related stories.D) They are joined by astronomers all across North America.6. A) It will be the most formidable of its kind in over a century.B) It will come closest to Earth in more than one hundred years.C) It will eclipse many other such events in human history.D) It will be seen most clearly from Denver’s mountain tops.7. A) A blur.B) Stars.C) The edge of our galaxy.D) An ordinary flying object.8. A) Use professional equipment.B) Climb to the nearby heights.C) Fix their eyes due north.D) Make use of phone apps.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Whether consumers should be warned against ultra-processed foods.B) Whether there is sufficient scientific consensus on dietary guidelines.C) Whether guidelines can form the basis for nutrition advice to consumers.D) Whether food scientists will agree on the concept of ultra-processed foods.10. A) By the labor cost for the final products.B) By the degree of industrial processing.C) By the extent of chemical alteration.D) By the convention of classification.11. A) Increased consumers’ expenses.B) Greater risk of chronic diseases.C) People’s misunderstanding of nutrition.D) Children’s dislike for unprocessed foods.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They begin to think of the benefits of constraints.B) They try to seek solutions from creative people.C) They try hard to maximize their mental energy.D) They begin to see the world in a different way.13. A) It is characteristic of all creative people.B) It is essential to pushing society forward.C) It is a creative person’s response to limitation.D) It is an impetus to socio-economic development.14. A) Scarcity or abundance of resources has little impact on people’s creativity.B) Innovative people are not constrained in connecting unrelated concepts.C) People have no incentive to use available resources in new ways.D) Creative people tend to consume more available resources.15. A) It is key to a company’s survival.B) It shapes and focuses problems.C) It is essential to meeting challenges.D) It thrives best when constrained.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Because they are learned.B) Because they come naturally.C) Because they have to be properly personalized.D) Because there can be more effective strategies.17. A) The extent of difference and of similarity between the two sides.B) The knowledge of the specific expectation the other side holds.C) The importance of one’s goals and of the relationship.D) The approaches one adopts to conflict management.18. A) The fox.B) The owl.C) The shark.D) The turtle.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Help save species from extinction and boost human health.B) Understand how plants and animals perished over the past.C) Help gather information publicly available to researchers.D) Find out the cause of extinction of Britain’s 66,000 species.20. A) It was once dominated by dinosaurs.B) It has entered the sixth mass extinction.C) Its prospects depend on future human behaviour.D) Its climate change is aggravated by humans.21. A) It dwarfs all other efforts to conserve, protect and restorebiodiversity on earth.B) It is costly to get started and requires the joint efforts of thousands of scientists.C) It can help to bring back the large numbers of plants and animals that have gone extinct.D) It is the most exciting, most relevant, most timely and most internationally inspirational.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Cultural identity.B) Social evolution.C) The Copernican revolution.D) Human individuality.23. A) It is a delusion to be disposed of.B) It is prevalent even among academics.C) It is a myth spread by John Donne’s poem.D) It is rooted in the mindset of the 17th century.24. A) He believes in Copernican philosophical doctrines about the universe.B) He has gained ample scientific evidence at the University of Reading.C) He has found that our inner self and material self are interconnected.D) He contends most of our body cells can only live a few days or weeks.25. A) By coming to see how disruptive such problems have got to be.B) By realising that we all can do our own bit in such endeavours.C) By becoming aware that we are part of a bigger world.D) By making joint efforts resolutely and persistently.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It’s quite remarkable how different genres of music can spark unique feelings, emotions, and memories. Studies have shown that music can reduce stress and anxiety before surgeries and we are all attracted toward our own unique life soundtrack.If you’re looking to____26____stress, you might want to give classical music a try.The sounds of classical music produce a calming effectletting____27____pleasure-inducing dopamine (多巴胺) in the brain thathelps control attention, learning and emotional responses.It can also turn down the body’s stress response, resulting in an overall happier mood. It turns out a pleasant mood can lead to____28____in a person’s thinking.Although there are many great____29____of classical music like Bach, Beethoven and Handel, none of these artists’ music seems to have the same health effects as Mozart’s does. According to researchers, listening to Mozart can increase brain wave activity and improve____30____function. Another study found that the distinctive features of Mozart’s music trigger parts of the brain that are responsible for high-level mental functions. Even maternity____31____use Mozart to help newborn babies adapt to life outside of the mother’s belly.It has been found that listening to classical music____32____reduces a person’s blood pressure. Researchers believe that the calming sounds of classical music may help your heart____33____from stress. Classical music can also be a great tool to help people who have trouble sleeping. One study found that students who had trouble sleeping slept better while they were listening to classical music.Whether classical music is something that you listen to on a regular basis or not, it wouldn’t____34____to take time out of your day to listen to music that you find____35____. You will be surprised at how good it makes you feel and the potentially positive change in your health.A) alleviateB) clarityC) cognitiveD) composersE) hurtF) inhibitingG) interrogationH) intrinsicallyI) looseJ) majesticK) mandatoryL) recoverM) significantlyN) soothingO) wardsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The Curious Case of the Tree That Owns ItselfA) In the city of Athens, Georgia, there exists a rather curious local landmark—a large white oak that is almost universally stated to own itself. Because of this, it is considered one of the most famous trees in the world. So how did this tree come to own itself and the land around it?B) Sometime in the 19th century a Georgian called Colonel William Jackson reportedly took a liking to the said tree and endeavored to protect it from any danger. As to why he loved it so, the earliest documented account of this story is an anonymously written front page article in the Athens Weekly Banner published on August 12, 1890. It states, “Col. Jackson had watched the tree grow from his childhood, and grew to love it almost as he would a human. Its luxuriant leaves and sturdy limbs had often protected him from the heavy rains,and out of its highest branches he had many a time gotten the eggs of the feathered singers.He watched its growth, and when reaching a ripe old age he saw the tree standing in its magnificent proportions, he was pained to think that after his death it would fall into the hands of those who might destroy it.”C) Towards this end, Jackson transferred by means of a deed ownership of the tree and a little land around it to the tree itself. The deed read, “W. H. Jackson for and in consideration of the great affection which he bears the said tree, and his great desire to see it protected has conveyed unto the said oak tree entire possession of itself and of all land within eight feet of it on all sides.”D) In time, the tree came to be something of a tourist attraction, known as The Tree That Owns Itself. However, in the early 20th century, the tree started showing signs of its slow death,with little that could be done about it. Father time comes for us all eventually, even our often long lived, tall and leafy fellow custodians (看管者) of Earth. Finally, on October 9,1942, the over 30 meter tall and 200-400 year old tree fell, rumor has it, as a result of a severe windstorm and/or via having previously died and its roots rotted.E) About four years later, members of the Junior Ladies Garden Club (who’d tended to the tree before its unfortunate death) tracked down a small tree grown from a nut taken from the original tree. And so it was that on October 9, 1946, under the direction of Professor Roy Bowden of the College of Agriculture at the University of Georgia, this little tree was transplanted to the location of its ancestor. A couple of months later, an official ceremony was held featuring none other than the Mayor of Athens, Robert L McWhorter, to commemorate the occasion.F) This new tree became known as The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself and it was assumed that, as the original tree’s heir, it naturally inherited the land it stood on. Of course, there are many dozens of othertrees known to exist descending from the original, as people taking a nut from it to grow elsewhere was a certainty. Thatsaid, to date, none of the original tree’s other children have petitioned the courts for their share of the land, so it seems all good. In any event, The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself still stands today, though often referred to simply as The Tree That Owns Itself.G) This all brings us around to whether Jackson ever actually gave legal ownership of the tree to itself in the first place and whether such a deed is legally binding.H) Well, to begin with, it turns out Jackson only spent about three years of his life in Athens,starting at the age of 43 from 1829 to 1832, sort of dismissing the idea that he loved the tree from spending time under it as a child and watching it grow, and then worrying about what would happen to it after he died. Further, an extensive search of land ownership records in Athens does not seem to indicate Jackson ever owned the land the tree sits on.I) He did live on a lot of land directly next to it for those three years, but whether he owned that land or not isn’t clear. Whatever the case, in 1832 a four acre parcel, which included the land the tree was on and the neighboring land Jackson lived on, among others, was sold to University professor Malthus A Ward. In the transaction, Ward was required to pay Jackson a sum of $1,200 (about $31,000 today), either for the property itself or simply in compensation for improvements Jackson had made on the lot. In the end, whether he ever owned the neighboring lot or was simply allowed to use it while he allegedly worked at the University, he definitely never owned the lot the tree grew on, which is the most important bit for the topic at hand.J) After Professor Ward purchased the land, Jackson and his family purchased a 655 acre parcel a few miles away and moved there. Ten years later, in 1844, Jackson seemed to have come into financial difficulties and had his little plantation seized by the Clarke County Sheriff’s office and auctioned off to settle the mortgage. Thus, had he owned some land in Athens itself, including the land the tree sat on, presumably he would have sold it to raise funds or otherwise had it taken as well.K) And whatever the case there, Jackson would have known property taxes needed to be paid on the deeded land for the tree to be truly secure in its future. Yet no account or record indicates any trust or the like was set up to facilitate this.L) On top of all this, there is no hard evidence such a deed ever existed, despite the fact that deed records in Athens go back many decades before Jackson’s death in 1876 and that it was supposed to have existed in 1890 in the archives according to the original anonymous news reporter who claims to have seen it.M) As you might imagine from all of this, few give credit to this sideof the story. So how did all of this come about then?N) It is speculated to have been invented by the imagination of the said anonymous author at the Athens Weekly Banner in the aforementioned 1890 front page article titled “Deeded to Itself”, which by the way contained several elements that are much more easily proved to be false. As to why the author would do this, it’s speculated perhaps it was a 19th century version of a click-bait thought exercise on whether it would be legal for someone to deed such a non-conscious living thing to itself or not.O) Whatever the case, the next known instance of the Tree That Owns Itself being mentioned wasn’t until 1901 in the Centennial Edition of that same paper, the Athens Weekly Banner. This featured another account very clearly just copying the original article published about a decade before, only slightly reworded. The next account was in 1906, again in the Athens Weekly Banner, again very clearly copying the original account, only slightly reworded, the 19th century equivalent of re-posts when the audience has forgotten about the original.36. Jackson was said to have transferred his ownership of the oak tree to itself in order to protect it from being destroyed.37. No proof has been found from an extensive search that Jackson had ever owned the land where the oak tree grew.38. When it was raining heavily, Jackson often took shelter under a big tree that is said to own itself.39. There is no evidence that Jackson had made arrangements to pay property taxes for the land on which the oak tree sat.40. Professor Ward paid Jackson over one thousand dollars when purchasinga piece of land from him.41. It is said the tree that owned itself fell in a heavy windstorm.42. The story of the oak tree is suspected to have been invented as a thought exercise.43. Jackson’s little plantation was auctioned off to settle his debt in the mid-19th century.44. An official ceremony was held to celebrate the transplanting of a small tree to where its ancestor had stood.45. The story of the Tree That Owns Itself appeared in the local paper several times, with slight alterations in wording.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.It is irrefutable that employees know the difference between right and wrong. So why don’t more employees intervene when they see someone exhibiting at-risk behavior in the workplace?There are a number of factors that influence whether people intervene. First, they need to be able to see a risky situation beginning to unfold. Second, the company’s culture needs to make them feel safe to speak up. And third, they need to have the communication skills to say something effectively.This is not strictly a workplace problem; it’s a growing problem off the job too. Every day people witness things on the street and choose to stand idly by. This is known as the bystander effect—the more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone in that group is to help the victim. The psychology behind this is called diffusion of responsibility. Basically, the larger the crowd, the more people assume that someone else will take care of it—meaning no one effectively intervenes or acts in a moment of need.This crowd mentality is strong enough for people to evade their known responsibilities. But it’s not only frontline workers who don’t make safety interventions in the workplace. There are also instances where supervisors do not intervene either.When a group of employees sees unsafe behavior not being addressed at a leadership level it creates the precedent that this is how these situations should be addressed, thus defining the safety culture for everyone.Despite the fact that workers are encouraged to intervene when they observe unsafe operations, this happens less than half of the time. Fear is the ultimate factor in not intervening. There is a fear of penalty, a fear that they’ll have to do more work if they intervene. Unsuccessful attempts in the past are another strong contributing factor to why people don’t intervene—they tend to prefer to defer that action to someone else for all future situations.On many worksites, competent workers must be appointed. Part of their job is to intervene when workers perform a task without the proper equipment or if the conditions are unsafe. Competent workers are also required to stop work from continuing when there’s a danger.Supervisors also play a critical role. Even if a competent person isn’t required, supervisors need a broad set of skills to not only identify and alleviate workplace hazards but also build a safety climate within their team that supports intervening and open communication among them.Beyond competent workers and supervisors, it’s important to educate everyone within the organization that they are obliged to intervene ifthey witness a possible unsafe act, whether you’re a designated competent person, a supervisor or a frontline worker.46. What is one of the factors contributing to failure of intervention in face of risky behavior in the workplace?A) Slack supervision style.B) Unfavorable workplace culture.C) Unforeseeable risk.D) Blocked communication.47. What does the author mean by “diffusion of responsibility” (Line 4, Para. 3)?A) The more people are around, the more they need to worry about their personal safety.B) The more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone will venture to participate.C) The more people idling around on the street, the more likely they need taking care of.D) The more people are around, the less chance someone will step forward to intervene.48. What happens when unsafe behavior at the workplace is not addressed by the leaders?A) No one will intervene when they see similar behaviors.B) Everyone will see it as the easiest way to deal with crisis.C) Workers have to take extra caution executing their duties.D) Workers are left to take care of the emergency themselves.49. What is the ultimate reason workers won’t act when they see unsafe operations?A) Preference of deferring the action to others.B) Anticipation of leadership intervention.C) Fear of being isolated by coworkers.D) Fear of having to do more work.50. What is critical to ensuring workplace safety?A) Workers be trained to operate their equipment properly.B) Workers exhibiting at-risk behavior be strictly disciplined.C) Supervisors create a safety environment for timely intervention.D) Supervisors conduct effective communication with frontline workers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The term “environmentalist” can mean different things. It used to refer to people trying to protect wildlife and natural ecosystems. In the 21st century, the term has evolved to capture the need to combat human-made climate change.The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is thecause of a split within the scientific community about nuclear energy.On one side are purists who believe nuclear power isn’t worth the risk and the exclusive solution to the climate crisis is renewable energy. The opposing side agrees that renewables are crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers’ basic demands when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited.Leon Clarke, who helped author reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, isn’t an uncritical supporter of nuclear energy, but says it’s a valuable option to have if we’re serious about reaching carbon neutrality.“Core to all of this is the degree to which you think we can actually meet climate goals with 100% renewables,” he said. “If you don’t believe we can do it, and you care about the climate, you are forced to think about something like nuclear.”The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have small populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal. Meanwhile, countries that manage to run off renewables typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities.Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewables. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewables provided 46% of the country’s electricity in 2019.But progress has halted in recent years. The instability of renewables doesn’t just mean energy is often not produced at night, but also that solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day, forcing utilities to pay customers to use their electricity. Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy from Germany’s north to its industrial south, meaning many factories still run on coal and gas. The political limit has also been reached in some places, with citizens meeting the construction of new wind turbines with loud protests.The result is that Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by around 11.5% since 2010—slower than the EU average of 13.5%.51. What accounts for the divide within the scientific community about nuclear energy?A) Attention to combating human-made climate change.B) Emphasis on protecting wildlife and natural ecosystems.C) Evolution of the term ‘green energy’ over the last century.D) Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism.52. What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists’opponents?A) Relying on renewables firmly and exclusively.B) Using fossil fuel and green energy alternately.C) Opting for nuclear energy when necessary.D) Limiting people’s non-basic consumption.53. What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example?A) It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world’s exclusive dependence on renewables is attainable.B) It is contentious whether cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal.C) It is arguable whether cities that manage to run off renewables have sustainable hydroelectric capabilities.D) It is debatable whether traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world.54. What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy?A) It has increased its wind and solar power generation four times over the last two decades.B) It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy.C) It relies on renewable energy to generate more than half of its electricity.D) It has succeeded in reaching the goal of energy transition set by Merkel.55. What may be one of the reasons for Germany’s progress having halted in recent years?A) Its grid infrastructure’s capacity has fallen behind its development of green energy.B) Its overabundance of green energy has forced power plants to suspend operation during daytime.C) Its industrial south is used to running factories on conventional energy supplies.D) Its renewable energy supplies are unstable both at night and during the day.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统婚礼习俗历史悠久，从周朝开始就逐渐形成了一套完整的婚礼仪式，有些一直沿用至今。

六级考试试题和答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. A) The man is looking for a job.B) The man is a job consultant.C) The man is a company director.D) The man is a job applicant.答案：B2. A) The woman is a college student.B) The woman is a high school teacher.C) The woman is a college professor.D) The woman is a high school student.答案：A3. A) The man is not interested in the woman's suggestion.B) The man is eager to try the new restaurant.C) The man is not sure about the quality of the food.D) The man is reluctant to spend too much money.答案：C4. A) The woman is worried about her son's health.B) The woman is concerned about her son's safety.C) The woman is upset about her son's behavior.D) The woman is disappointed with her son's performance.答案：A5. A) The man is a professional athlete.B) The man is a sports coach.C) The man is a sports commentator.D) The man is a fitness trainer.答案：D二、阅读理解（共20分）Passage 16. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the decline in the number of bees?A) The use of pesticides.B) The loss of habitats.C) Climate change.D) Disease and parasites.答案：B7. What does the author suggest to do to protect bees?A) To ban the use of pesticides.B) To plant more flowers in gardens.C) To limit the use of fertilizers.D) To reduce greenhouse gas emissions.答案：BPassage 28. What is the author's opinion about the new policy?A) It is too restrictive.B) It is necessary for the environment.C) It is too lenient.D) It is unnecessary.答案：B9. What is the main purpose of the new policy?A) To reduce traffic congestion.B) To improve air quality.C) To encourage public transportation.D) To promote electric vehicles.Passage 310. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The effects of sleep deprivation.C) The benefits of napping.D) The science of sleep patterns.答案：B11. According to the passage, what is the impact of sleep deprivation on memory?A) It improves memory.B) It has no effect on memory.C) It impairs memory.D) It enhances creativity.三、词汇与结构（共20分）12. The new policy will come into _______ next month.A) actionB) effectC) useD) service答案：B13. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work was not _______.A) put offB) given upC) called offD) taken over答案：A14. The professor's lecture was so _______ that the students were all asleep.A) boringB) excitingC) interestingD) amusing答案：A15. The company has _______ a new marketing strategy to increase sales.A) launchedB) startedC) initiatedD) introduced答案：A四、翻译（共20分）16. 随着科技的发展，越来越多的人开始关注人工智能的伦理问题。

2021-2022年河南省新乡市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案) 学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、2.Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20题)1.By 2004, India has been able to harness about ______megawatts.2.The achievements for HIV vaccine has been given discount because ______.A.it causes a number of questions to answerB.it can't effectively protect people from HIVC.it can't be recognized by the peopleD.it is proved ineffective in treating HIV3.How do most colleges use SAT II scores?A.They use the scores for admission purposes.B.They use the scores to place the students in the right programs.C.They use the scores to select students' leaders.D.They use the scores to grant scholarships.4.A healthy balanced diet should include fruit, ______, starch, rich protein and ______.5.In order to achieve the lowest-price goal, Wal-Mart even pushes ______ to cut prices.A.the wholesalersB.the retailersC.the suppliersD.the middlemen6.The withdrawing of Vioxx only led to some accusations about some other pain relievers.A.YB.NC.NG7.Just Too LoudTed Rueter isn't joking about possibly moving to New Zealand. And if he does go, it won't be the rage or the expense of living in the U.S. that drives him away. It will be the leaf blowers. Americans now own more than 90 million of the evil things, he says, each of them making the job of lawn clearing much easier—and much, much louder. Rueter, a professor at UCLA who is head of the advocacy group Noise Free America, already fled Los Angeles to get away from the leaf-blower bother, only to move to New Orleans and find the problem just as bad there. "Everywhere has turned into leaf-blower hell." he says.It's not just the blowers that are driving Rueter daft. It's the boom cars—those high-decibel(分贝), low-frequency speakers on wheels that cause your windshield to buzz and your eardrums to pulse' when they pull up next to you at a stoplight. It's the car alarms too, as well as the barking dogs and the banging garbage trucks and the screaming airplanes and the roaring highways. It's the explosion of ambient(周围的) noise that seems to be everywhere, costing more and more people not only their sleep and their sanity but increasingly their hearing and health as well.According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 10 million Americans already suffer some permanent noise-induced hearing loss. They report that some 30 million are exposed to daily noise levels that will eventually reduce their ability to hear. One in eight children between the ages of 6 and 19 already have some degree of hearing loss, and adults who are going deaf are doing so earlier and earlier. "The greatest increase in noise-related hearing loss occurs for people a5 to 64 years old," says Dr. James Battey, director of the National Institute on Deafness. "This is almost 20 years younger than we would expect."And it's not just our ears the noise is hurting. It-takes sounds in excess of 85 db to damage hearing, but noise at less than 75 db may be linked to hypertension, and that at just 65 db leads to stress, heart damage and depression. Think the noise in your environment doesn't rise to that level? Think again. A ringing telephone can reach 80 db; a hair dryer hits 90 db; an ambulance siren can top out at 120 db. "Noise pollution is truly a public health threat, "says Representative Nita Lowey of New York, who has reintroduced a bill in Congress to turn down the volume. "It's critical," she says, "that we work to diminish the impact noise has on our communities."The booming of America has many causes. Population growth in city centers,loss of rural land to suburban sprawl, and the soaring number and size of cars on the highways all play a role. So too does the entertainment industry, with Walkmans, Pods and surround-sound theaters pouring noise into consumers' cars. Even sports stadiums, always noisy places, have got louder as earsplitting commercials fill the comparatively quiet interludes that used to prevail during pauses in the action.Whatever the roots of the problem, the noise is now everywhere—and the workplace may be the worst place of all. At least 20% of US workers do their jobs in environments that could endanger their hearing, according to NIOSH. The US government estimates that more than 90% of coal miners suffer hearing impairment by age 50. Even farms are not exceptional: according to the New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health, a staggering 75% of farmers now exhibit some hearing impairment, mostly as a result of noisy equipment. "Hearing loss is one of the most common workplace conditions, "says audiologist Ted Madison.For kids, the racket starts in the cradle. A squeaky toy held close to the ear—which is precisely where babies may put them—can reach 94 db. A toy xylophone(木琴) can ring in at 92 db. And since babies' car canals are so small,a sound that gets in them may knock around harder than it docs in anA.YB.NC.NG8.According to scientists at the U.S. National Snow and lee Data Center, within about 60 years, there will be ______on the Arctic Ocean.9. Merck's stock plummeted 40% in six weeks because some Vioxx "victims" died.10.______ imports will increase considerably owing to the decrease in trade barriers.11.For Christians, Easter eggs symbolize______.12.If yon want to answer the 12 questions honestly, you should know what makes you not blindly blame your department for ______.13.Natural-gas VehiclesKermit the Frog once said, "It's not that easy be in green." Although he wasn't referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry today: Designing, developing and marketing "green" cars has not been an easy task, which is why gasoline-powered vehicles still rule the road and fossil fuels still account for almost 75 percent of the world's energy consumption. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, however, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A natural-gas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a car -- it's fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership.Natural Gas BasicsThe word "gas" is a confusing term because it is used to describe many different substances that are similar but not exactly the same. For example, the "gas" you put in your car is gasoline, one component of crude oil, or petroleum. Petroleum is a dark, sticky liquid mixture of compounds formed underground by the decay of ancient marine animals.Natural gas also comes from the decay of ancient organisms, but it naturally takes a gaseous form. instead of a liquid form. Natural gas commonly occurs in association with crude oil. It is derived from both land plants and aquatic (水生的) organic matter and forms above or below oil deposits. It is often dissolved in crude oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir. There are also reservoirs of natural gas, known as non-associated gas, that contain only gas and no oil.Natural gas consists primarily of methane (沼气) and other hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons in natural gas are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain hydrogen and carbon bound together by single bonds.Like gasoline, natural gas is combustible (易燃的), which means it can be used in a combustion engine like gasoline. But cars that could burn natural gas didn't appear on the scene until the 1930s.From Field to FordWe extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling wells into the earth. A modern well. equipped with diamond-studded drill bits, can drill to depths approaching 25.000 feet.Throughout the 19th century, the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances, in 1890, the invention of a leakproof pipeline coupling made it possible to transport gas miles from the source. Improvements in pipelinetechnology continued over the next two decades until long-distance gas transmission became practical. From 1927 to 1931, ,laborers constructed more than t0 major natural gas transmission systems in the United States, making natural gas a viable energy source for many applications. The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source, especially for automobiles.Today, owners of natural-gas vehicles can fill up their cars at one of 1,300 fueling stations located in the United States. Honda also offers a personal natural gas pump to people who purchase its natural-gas-powered Civic. The pump uses a home's existing natural gas lines and can be installed for $ 500 to $1500.Natural-gas Vehicle DesignNatural-gas vehicles use the same basic principles as gasoline-powered vehicles. In other words, the fuel (natural gas in this case) is mixed with air in the cylinder of a four-stroke engine and then ignited by a spark plug to move a piston (活塞) up and down. Although there are some differences between natural gas and gasoline in terms of flamability and ignition temperatures, NGVs themselves operate on the same fundamental concepts as gasoline-powered vehicles.Still, someA.YB.NC.NG14. What do local residents claim for?A.They are sick because of years of pollution.B.They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps.C.They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture.D.They are sick because of air pollution.15.Besides life insurance and health insurance, most people also tend to buy______.16.Growing pains are especially destructive in Australia, where people have ______.17.When it came to money matters, one dad had a habit of putting his brain to sleep, the other had a habit of______.18.Flying bridge means a good communication style. that made the scientific articles easy to be read.A.YB.NC.NG19.In modem times, most of us create wealth directly for ourselves.A.YB.NC.NG20.Now, there are about 200,000 medical representatives all over the world.A.YB.NC.NG二、3.Listening Comprehension(20题)21.听力原文：Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of throat. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than nonsmoking makes. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.It might be helpful to look at what smoking actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash, and other things. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form. deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration of deposits is where the air tube divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Smoking also affects the heart and Blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger' s disease, a narrowing of the small veins in the hands and feet that can cause great pain. Smokers also die much more often from heart disease.(33)A.Female smokers have higher quality of resistance.B.Female smokers have special organ to avoid such disease.C.Female smokers do not breathe in so deeply.D.Female smokers smoke less cigarette than male smokers.22.(15)A.He is puzzled by his grades.B.He is unclear about his lectures,C.He is confused by his presentation.D.He does not know whose course to choose next term.23.(18)A.It is based on a lot of research.B.It can be finished in a few weeks time.C.It has drawn criticism from lots of people.D.It falls short of her supervisor's expectations.24.【B5】25.【B9】26.(30)A.They are not as dangerous as people think.B.They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.C.They attack human beings by nature.D.They are really tame sea animals.27.【B4】28.(35)A.All the money on advertising was wasted.B.Not all the advertisements were well designed.C.All the managers knew about advertising then.D.Managers spent no money on advertising.29.听力原文：W: Well, George, I would offer you another drink but I haveguests coming and I haven't even begun to prepare the dinner. Thanks for stopping by.M: Thanks for the drink. It has been nice seeing you too.Q: Why did the woman mention her dinner guests?(14)A.To invite the man to have dinner with her.B.To suggest politely that he leave.C.To ask him prepare the dinner.D.To encourage him to have another drink.30.(31)A.They are afraid of emergencies.B.They are reluctant to get themselves involved.C.Others will act if they themselves hesitate.D.They do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help.31.(36)A.It is difficult for people living in a Stone Age culture to move into a modern world.B.Invention is a new idea to modern people.C.We human beings have abilities to solve such problems as war and pollution.D.What we need is demands from others to work for a better future.32.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.听力原文：M: You didn't seem to be able to sit still for class. Are you expecting something?W: Yes. I'm expecting a call to see if I was accepted for the position at Cole's.I could do with the cash.Q: What does the woman mean?(12)A.She is eager to be accepted by the university.B.She is waiting to see if she could get the job from Cole's.C.She is expecting to see if Cole would lend her some cash.D.She has no idea about whether she can afford the university tuition.33.听力原文：W: Why do we always have to argue about money? I would rather go out and spend it all so that we wouldn't have to argue about it.M: Of course, you'd like to go spending all the money; you don't spend five days a week in a factory. Besides, if it wasn't money, you'd argue about something else; I think you enjoy arguments.Q: What does the man mean?(18)A.The woman likes arguing.B.The woman should get a job.C.The woman should work in a factory.D.The woman spends too much money.34.听力原文：W: I'm exhausted. I stayed up the whole night studying for my history midterm exam.M: Why do you always wait till the last minute?Q: What can be inferred about the woman?(17)A.She has bad study habits.B.She sleeps too much.C.She wakes up late.D.She's an excellent student.35.(26)A.She wants Harry to be her financial consultant.B.She earns little but spends far too much money for a student~C.She has a poor head for economics.D.She wants to ask for a loan from Harry's bank.36.【B7】37.(29)A.Getting the work done in mixed groups of sizes.B.Having clear division of labor as a society.C.Each ant helping with all the tasks.D.All size groups are ideally suited to their jobs.38.(21)A.Has never been to his friend's house.B.Has been to his friend's house before.ed to go to his friend's house a lot.D.Often goes to his friend's house.39.【B8】40.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：(26)A few months ago, millions of people in London heard alarms all over the town. Emergency services, the fire departments, the police, hospitals and ambulances stood by, ready to go into action. In railway and underground stations, people read notices and maps, which told them where to go and what to do in the emergency. (26)This was Exercise Floodcall, to prepare people for a flood emergence. London wasn't flooded, yet. But it is possible that it would be. In 1236 and in 1663, London was badly flooded. In 1928, people living in Westminster, the heart of London, drowned in floods. And in 1953, 100 people, living on the eastern edge of the London suburbs, were killed again in the floods. At last, Greater London Council took action to prevent this disaster from happening again. (27)Though a flood wall was built in 1980s, Londoners still must be prepared for the possible disaster. If it happens, 50 underground stations will be under water. Electricity, gas, and phone services will be out of action. Roads will be drowned. It will be impossible to cross any of the bridges between North and South London. Imagine! London will look like the famous Italian city, Venice. (28)But this Exercise Floodcall didn't cause panic among Londoners. Most people knew it was just a warning. One lady said, "It's a flood warning, isn't it? The water doesn't look high to me."(27)A.One bridge between North and South London collapsed.B.The heart of London was flooded.C.An emergency exercise was conducted.D.A hundred people in the suburbs were drowned.三、4.Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(20题)41.What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph?A.Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions of animals in a strange situation.B.When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted.C.Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects.D.Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more important.42.What's the author's purpose of writing the article?A.To persuade people to move to sparsely populated areas.B.To prove that Edinburgh is not suitable for people to live in.C.To attract government's attention to people's sense of happiness.D.To offer readers the information of people's feeling of well-being.43.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.No one should be forced to wear a uniform. under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform. loses all selfworth.There are those who say that wearing a uniform. gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled(轻视) by a wealthy person who wears expensivequality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one's life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous(多余的) as well; why bother to sell the only items that areavailable? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect(连锁反应) on such industries as advertisingand promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.What is the ultimate effect of wearing a uniform. on the individual?44.It is commented by the author that the passages selected in the book is a ______.45. According to the American Law Institute, the warnings on products should not be intended for legal protection but for ______ .46. In a harassment suit filed by a senior employee, who had left printouts from an adult website in her office?47.Thurman Grafton suggests that ______ .A.animal abuse is horrible and should be terminatedB.the teachers have been compelled to do all animal experimentsC.prohibition of experiments on animals will discourage students from being curiousD.the International Science and Engineering Fair will cease to operate because of the new policies48.The author most probably thinks that the news about the communist dictator is ______.A.rumorousB.ridiculousC.unreasonableD.groundless49.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When you stop smoking, you're likely to feel tense, nervous, irritable, anxious — even eat more. You may think it's purely psychological, but it's also physical. It's caused by your body craving nicotine — physically craving nicotine. And Habitrol can help relieve those cravings.Habitrol is a nicotine patch, available only by prescription from your doctor. It replaces some of the nicotine you're not getting from cigarettes and helps lessen the effects of your withdrawal symptoms. When used as part of a comprehensive behavioral smoking cessation program, Habitrol has been clinically proven to increase the chances of quitting smoking in the critical first three months. That's when the nicotine withdrawal symptoms force many people back to smoking.Remember how stressed out, anxious and burdensome you felt the last time you tried to quit? And how you thought it was purely psychological and there was nothing that could help you? Well, now you know it's also physical and there is something that can help you. Habitrol.Habitrol is a drug indicated as an aid to smoking cessation for the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Its effectiveness has been established only as part of a comprehensive behavioral smoking cessation program. It won't work for everyone. In studies during the first 3 months after quitting, Habitrol has been shown to increase the chances of stopping smoking. Long-term studies of Habitrol haven't been conducted. It shouldn't be used for more than 3 months.Habitrol, like cigarettes, contains nicotine, so stop smoking completely before starting Habitrol. And do not smoke or use anything with nicotine while on it. If you're pregnant or nursing (nicotine could cause fatal harm) or have heart disease, or other conditions, ask your doctor about other ways to stop smoking. If you're taking prescription medicine or under a doctor's care, ask your doctor about the potential risks of Habitrol. Habitrol hasn't been studied in pregnant women or in patients under 18. Used and unused Habitrol systems should be kept out of the reach of children and pets.Giving up smoking in the first few months will make smokers have a stronger desire ______ .50. We learn from the passage that pathological fatigue happens when ______.A.you have to be in two places at onceB.the cells are subject to an excessive burdenC.the body is free from diseasesD.you are involved in too many activities51.The author refers to a "conveyor belt"(L. 6, Para. 1) in order to ______.A.illustrate the effects of movements in the upper layer of the earthB.show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continentsC.describe the complicated motions made possible by the ocean currentsD.account for the rising currents under min-ocean ridges52. The passage states that before the blue square appeared, the person in the video ______.A.was in a relaxed stateB.watched the screen closelyC.wondered what would happenD.got ready to respond to a shock53.【C9】54.The General Electric Capital ______.A.is divided into five product-related segments nowB.provided more than 1/3 of GE's revenue last yearC.is going to be broken into more businessesD.now has smaller units than all other businesses in GE55.When parents show constant disappointment in their children, the destructive effect is that the children will______56.【C5】57.What does the author suggest by referring to the lesson of personal computers?A.GM food will ultimately enter into the diet of commons.B.GM food is similar to personal computers in some aspects.C.Like personal computers, GM food will become indispensable to people.D.GM food is one of the achievements of high technology.58. For Asians, the comfortable zone would do something to show ______ .59.With an up-to-date resume ready as an option, you may feel better at your job because ______.A.you are to do wonders in your workB.it seems to be the only positive attitudeC.you have made a decision on your ownD.it is up to you to choose between two alternatives60.Concerned with the rising temperature of the earth, Tony Juniper suggests that ______.A.there is no way to prevent the serious consequencesB.it has to be stopped with the help of politiciansC.measures should be carried out immediately to stop itD.the serious consequences cannot be predicted四、5.Error Correction(5题)61.【S10】62.【S7】63.【S8】64. 【S2】65.Few people like changing their habits, good or bad,and, whether it is smoking, drinking or overeating, theycontinue enjoying them to the end, often the bitter end.On every packet of cigarettes and in every advertisement,Americans are warning against the dangers of smoking: S1.______ "Warning The Surgeon General Has Determined That CigaretteSmoking Is Dangerous to Your Health": In spite of this, million of S2.______ them start smoking or go on smoking. Why? One reasonmay be when people watch their "heroes" on TV drinking S3.______ alcohol, smoking cigarettes and fighting them way from adventure S4.______ to adventure, "heroes" who seem to fear something, neither S5.______ killing other people nor killing themselves with alcohol andcigarettes. If they are not afraid of the effects on smoking and S6.______ drinking alcohol, why should John Smith, sit at home in his S7.______ armchair watching all this, be afraid? The simple warning onthe cigarette packet does not influence his hero's habitseither. But even stronger warnings, like showing pictures ofsmokers who have lost a leg or died of cancer, seem tohave no effect on people's smoking habit. Knowing and S8.______ believing seem to be two different things The young girlsmoking a cigarette in the advertisement ran the risk of S9.______dying of cancer in a few years. The smoker sitting next toyou may have a heart attack next week. But don't worry.The chance of dying in an accident is just as great.Particularly if enough people agree with one advertiserthat driving a car at 212 m.p.h. and smoking interestingcigarettes is all that life is really about. S10.______【S1】五、6.Translation(5题)。

PartⅢ Reading ComprehensionSection AAs it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that_____(37)to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as_____(38)by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend,say-is a hotly_____(39)topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't_____(40), it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought_____(41)sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed_____(42)in the ability of insulin(胰岛素)to process blood sugar. That suggests that catchup sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep_____(43)causes, which is encouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn't_____(44)to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not_____(45)an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will_____(46)one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn't really replicates(复制)the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep," says Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.37.【题干】_____【选项】【答案】B【解析】cater to表示“迎合”的意思，空白处前提到a culture，所以用第三人称单数caters。

2021-2022年湖北省武汉市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案) 学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、2.Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20题)1.In almost all cases, Bluetooth users can establish "trusted devices" that can exchange data ______.2. When you feel your problem is serious and turn to psychologists or social workers, they will provide3.Women during reproductive life should ______.4.Study StylesYou know whether you're a morning person or a night owl. You know whether you're a picky eater of a human garbage pail. But do you know if you learn better by reading or by hearing? If you've survived school so far, you already have some sort of study routine for better or worse. We asked students all over the country for the lowdown on their methods of operations, and also collected some hard-won advice. See if you can recognize your own personal study method in the list below and learn how to study effectively.The DreamerYou may say you're studying. You may even look like you're studying. But your mind is in the clouds. Your test performance seldom reflects those long hours you spent at your desk, almost studying. Kim, from Montreal, says:" When I get to the library, I end up sitting there and people-watching." Cindy, from Lafayette, Pennsylvania, says:" Personally, I tend to write everything down on flash cards so I can quiz myself later. Everyone else thinks that I'll ace (成绩为A) the exam, but sometimes I find myself spending so much time writing down every little detail that I don't have time to actually study." Warning: If you spend all day pretending studying, you'll pay all night cramming for real. (What a waste of socializing time!) This year's resolution: Stay on target by setting goals (Like four chapters by Wednesday) and askingyour friends to test you. Also, tune in to your interests: If you find yourself drawing elaborate doodles in the margins when you're supposed to be analyzing Shakespeare, take drawing classes and snap out of your day dream. The GrindOne look at your sock drawer, meticulously arranged in rainbow order, suggests control-freak tendencies. You never fail to do a fixed amount of studying each evening and your good grades show it. You cautiously plot a course to conquer an unruly assignment, and you rarely break your routine. Gretchen, from Chicago, describes her hard-core method:" I completely organize all of my notes. Then, before I do anything else, I plan out exactly how many hours I'm going to study and how long I am going to take breaks. In this way, I always stay on task. I read through my notes and then highlight the things I don't know well, to commit them to memory." But she's not done yet! "Then I read my assignments again and take notes and study these notes the same way I studied my class notes." Sarah, from Scarsdale, New York, also considers herself a worker bee. "I plan my work so that there's something I have to do every night of the week. But when there's a test, I'll do all my assignments before trying to do an overview. Studying comes last because I'll wait until the last minute to even try to concentrating on something with so little structure. "Warning: While your self-discipline will serve you well in college (or the military), you might want to add more inspiration to your perspiration. No amount of memorization, or color-coding your notebooks will help you write an original, opinionated essay and you'll be writing plenty. This year's resolution: Vary your routine and think about your own insights more. After reading an assignment, try closing your eyes and recalling what you found interesting before buckling (扣住) down with your impeccable (无瑕疵的) notes. And if you've got a half hour to spare in your study schedule, try something messy and creative, like writing a poem.The Social StudierYou're the kind who learns out loud. You yak your way to enlightenment, so study buddies are a must. In school, you remember more from hearing the lectures than from doing the reading. Roberta, from Princeton, New Jersey, says:" I went to a study counselor to find out that I learn best by listening. It's true: Until I hear something out loud, it's not really real to me. When I'm studying and I don't understand something in our textbook, I'll call my friends to get the scoop." Amy, from East Lansing, MichiA.know whether you are a morning person or notB.learn whether you are an excellent studentC.form. some sort of study routines of your ownD.learn how to study more effectively5.Yale is composed of______ colleges.6.About the buzzing prodigies, people argue ______.7.Exterior PaintingGetting StartedPainting the exterior of your house is a huge job. But the rewards are great too. With a minimum investment in tools and materials, you'll save thousands of dollars, extend the life of your siding and increase the value of your home. Best of all, you'll make it look like new again. While you may spend less than $1,000 on painting tools and materials, the same job done by a pro(专业人员) could easily cost $5,000 to $10,000 or more. The savings come at a cost, though. A good paint job requires countless hours of careful preparation. Plan to devote an entire summer to prepare and paint even a medium-size house. Completing a top-quality exterior paint job requires more than patience and perseverance. You'll need a sharp eye, a steady hand and a bit of practice to paint straight lines. In addition, you'll need the strength to move and set up tall ladders, and the confidence to work from them once they're in place. Applying topcoats (the final coats of paint) doesn't require much equipment beyond what you've already accumulated for scraping and priming. We recommend buying at least two top-quality synthetic-bristle brushes for applying the latex paint(乳胶漆): one brush ($15 to $20) for large areas and a brush ($9 to $12) for detail work.For applying paint to large areas of shingles(屋顶板), stucco(涂饰墙壁的灰泥) or brick, buy a roller(滚筒).Paint Stores Can Help With Colors and QuantitiesChoosing exterior paint colors that complement(与……相配) the architectural details of your house and fit the character of your neighborhood is the first step to a great paint job. Check out bookstores and libraries for books on the subject. You'll find brochures(小册子) at the paint store with collections of historic colors. Many paint stores have designers who can help you choose colors, or you could hire a designer or architect.Buy a quart(夸脱) of each color you've chosen and paint the entire colorscheme on a small area of your house before committing to gallons(大量使用).If you don't like the results, change the colors and try again.Next take rough measurements of your house, noting the type of surface. Count the doors and windows. With this information, paint store employees can help you calculate the amount of paint you'll need.Buy the best paint you can afford. Good-quality paint is easier to apply, covers better and lasts longer. We recommend buying paint with a slight sheen, either satin or eggshell. It's more fade resistant(不易退色) and easier to clean thanflat paint.Check the WeatherAvoid painting in direct sunlight. The heat dries the paint too fast, making it nearly impossible to avoid blistering(起泡) and peeling(剥落).Avoid painting on very windy days. The wind causes the paint to dry too fast and can blow dirt into wet paint.Don't apply latex paint when the temperature is below 50 degrees ℉ unless it's formulated for cold-weather application. Read the label to be sure.Don't paint when there's a chance of rain.Plan a Strategy for the Most EfficiencyIn general, work from the top down. Paint large areas first and details last. Where two colors meet, allow time for the first color to dry before returning to apply the second color. For example, paint the window sash(the movable part) early in the day and return to paint the frame. around the sash.Avoid These Common ProblemsBrush marks left at the beginning and end of a brush stroke are a common problem that's easy to avoid. Start every brush stroke in an unfinished area, at an edge, or against door or window trim. Then brush toward the finished area and sweep the brush up and off the work in the same movement. If you stop the brush and then lift it off or set the brush down on a finished area to start the stroke, it will leave extra painA.YB.NC.NG8.Realizing the potential benefits, executives are expecting those changes in the workplace with even greater enthusiasm.A.YB.NC.NG9.Architecture is related to physics, so the actual goal of architects is to make discoveries about statistics.A.YB.NC.NG10.Bill Richardson's success in reaching an agreement with Sudan was due to his personal friendship with Sudanese President Omar A1-Bashir.A.YB.NC.NG11.People had better give priority to the retirement savings, because they will not ______ when they are old.12. According to Ramjee, the combination of ______ is possibly the most effective in preventing HIV virus from transmitting during intercourse.13.Where two colors meet, you don't have to wait until the first color dries before returning to apply the second color.A.YB.NC.NG14.Both natural gas and gasoline are___________ and thus neither can be considered renewable.15. Why are bosses in the television industry nervous with Zennstrom and Friis?A.The two have refreshed the music industry by KaZaA.B.The two would devastate the telecoms industry by Skype.C.The two already destroyed the television industry by Joost.D.The two may ruin the television industry by Joost.16.There's little agreement on what intermarriage will mean for U.S. society in the future as there is a lack of official numbers, a heightened tension surrounding racial issues, and the mutual suspicion that exists among different racial groups .A.YB.NC.NG17.Some birds, such as ______, may hold ideas in their heads.18. What does the author say about the craze for Auto-Tune which trendy Cher started?A.It faded soon.B.It lasted for many years.C.It made engineers lazy.D.It harmed people's creativity.19.Many Christians now re-enact Last Supper to symbolize Judas Iscariot's betrayal of Jesus.A.YB.NC.NG20.When companies started losing lawsuits regarding their chemical emissions, the idea of toxic reduction became rather popular in ______.二、3.Listening Comprehension(20题)21.(25)A.Trainers.B.Clowns.C.Acrobats.D.Magicians.22.听力原文：Watching his mother drown and then clinging to an inner tubefor two days were painful enough. And psychologists say Cuban boy Elian Gonzalez's anxiety is probably being worsened by the persistent public attention he has received since arriving in Miami. Both in the United States and Cuba, protesters chant (吟唱) (29)6-year-old Elian's name and carry hispicture on posters. News helicopters buzz his temporary home and crowds of reporters, photographers and TV cameramen follow him everywhere-to his school, to his birthday party, to amusement parks.Elian was dragged from the Atlantic on November 25,1999．(30)He hadbeen floating on an inner tube for two days after a Smugglers’ boat bringing illegal migrants to Florida capsized(翻船). His mother was one of the 11 people w ho died in the disaster. A custody battle between his father in Cuba and relatives in Miami has been raging in the full glare of the news media. “We do know that the effects of traumatic stress can persist for years,” said Alan Delamater, professor of pediatrics and psychology at the University ofMiami. Elian is especially vulnerable because of his young age and probably does not understand fully what is going on, they said. His Miami relatives did not immediately tell him that (31)US immigration authorities had decided last Wednesday that he should be returned to Cuba. They told him they were playing hide-and-seek with the helicopters that buzzed over his house after the ruling was issued.(30)A.An American protester.B.A 6-year-old Cuban boy.C.A TV cameraman.D.A psychologist.23.【B8】24.(18)A.At a post office.B.At a bank.C.At an airport.D.At a drug store.25.听力原文：M: Hi, Susan. Where were you at lunchtime? I was saving a seat for you in the cafeteria.W: Oh, sorry to miss you, but my thirst for knowledge was greater than my pangs of hunger.M: I never had that problem. So where were you?W: My political science class ran overtime.M: That's been happening quite a bit lately, hasn't it?W: I guess so. Actually what happens is that a bunch of us hung around for a while after class to talk with our professor and ask him questions.M: Who is this 20th century Socrates?W: Professor Hall. Have you heard of him?M: Mm. He does have a good reputation in the Political Science Department. W: And a well-deserved one. The same students who fall asleep in discussion groups and in seminars fight for front-row seats in his lectures.M: Oh, no. I hope this isn't catching.W: You can joke. But it's great to have a professor who is not only interesting but prepares to give up time for students.M: I know. There I really agreed. Maybe I should sit in on his class sometime.Do you think he'd care?W: Not at all. Lots of students bring along their friends and he says he feels flattered.M: Well, just to be safe, I think I'll bring my lunch along as well.W: I'll make a good student of you yet.(20)A.In the late rooming.B.Immediately after lunch.C.In the mid-afternoon.D.After the evening meal.26.(29)A.Ignoring the general meaning of the text.B.Paying little attention to the printing mistakes.C.Pursuing a thorough understanding of the text.D.Caring much about the spelling of words.27.(38)28.(32)A.Because of the technology progress.B.Because of the computer revolution.C.Because of the invention of computer.D.Because of microwave ovens.29.(16)A.Mary got up later than usual.B.The train was late.C.Mary missed the train.D.Her clock was out of order.30.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.听力原文：M: Well, I wouldn't want to miss your house- warming party butI should spend some time with my roommate. He's been grumbling that he never sees me.W: Hey, no problem. The more, the merrier.Q: What does the woman mean?(12)A.The man can come another time.B.There would be more fun without the man's roommate.C.It is no problem if the man's roommate refuses to come.D.The man can bring the roommate along and enjoy the party.31.(46)32.(34)A.Because he had worked in a computer shop.B.Because he had written some computer programs.C.Because he is clever and works hard at his lessons.D.Because he had learnt to use computers at school.33.听力原文：W: How come Jim lost his job?M: I didn't say he had lost it. All I said was if he didn't get out and started selling a few cars instead of idling around all day, he might not find himself looking for a new job.Q: What does the man say about Jim?(18)A.He has managed to sell a number of cars.B.He is contented with his current position.C.He might get fired.D.He has lost his job.34.(28)A.He is too sloppy.B.He borrows Colin's things.C.He brings guests over to the apartment.D.He doesn't use the kitchen enough.35.(26)edy.B.Light movie.C.Mystery movie.D.Action movie.36.【B2】37.(43)38.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down theShyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and【B1】______ ; that is, they are excessively concernedwith their own appearance and actions.【B2】______ thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing【B3】______ clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people【B4】______ .A person's self-concept is【B5】______ in the way he or she behaves, and theway a person behaves affects other people's 【B6】______ . In general, theway people think about themselves has a【B7】______ effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people are very sensitive to【B8】______ ; they feel it confirms theirinferiority.【B9】______ . A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true."【B10】______ .Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced?【B11】______ . People's expectations of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.【B1】39.听力原文：W: Robert had worked as a secretary for three years. Then he became a newspaperman. After that he started writing novels.M: I know. And he has bean doing nothing else ever since.Q: What is the man's occupation now?(13)A.He's a secretary.B.He's a novelist.C.He's a newspaperman.D.He's a worker.40.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down theIf an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about【B1】______ and spending are not always【B2】______ . Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will【B3】______ to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they willpostpone buying. But research 【B4】______ have shown that this is notalways true. The expectations of price increases may not【B5】______ buying.One【B6】______ attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they put off this【B7】______ .Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer's resistance may be【B8】______ .【B9】______ . The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain,【B10】______ . The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to consider them right and expect them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that【B11】______ .【B1】三、4.Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(20题)41.Actions taken by Siemens and other firms show demanding for consultancy is ______.42.Among the following statements, ______ best sums up the main idea of the passage.A.Beatles finally realized that in order to sell their music well, they have to go to the InternetB.the example of Beatles illustrates that even they cannot control the InternetC.there is fierce competition between iTunes and Microsoft in online music storeD.Beatles are fighting hard to sell their music online43.【C8】44.What's the result of an accumulation of ice?A.An accumulation of ice would make the global climate system altered.B.An accumulation of ice would make snow more difficult to melt.C.An accumulation of ice would increase the amount of moisture in the air.D.An accumulation of ice would increase the global temperature.45.When millions of rods in our eyes are at work in darkness, we can see ______.46.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if ______.A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertivenessB.seen as one's habitual pattern of behaviorC.taken as part of an ordering sequenceD.expressed to a series of charges47.Why is knowledge playing a decisive role in the shifting of power in al most all established institutions?48.The sentence "This is no flash in the pan" in Paragraph 3 means that ______.A.the low inflation rate will last for some timeB.the inflation rate will soon riseC.the inflation will disappear quicklyD.there is no inflation at present49.Judging from the context, "wolfing down" in "Nor is the delight in the experience of wolfing down chunks of meat" (Line 7, Para.8) probably means ______.50.By saying "nobody undersells America", the author means that ______.A.no country underestimates the competitiveness of American productsB.nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commoditiesC.nobody restrains the selling of American goodsD.no country sells at a lower price than America51. According to the passage, why do many people resist change?A.It is hard for them to adapt to continuous innovation.B.They begin to lose jobs as dynamic economy expands.C.There is an accelerated change in the ranking of companies.D.They doubt whether the turnover will improve their lives.52. 【S3】53.In the second paragraph, the word "real" in "real goods" could best be replaced by which of the following?A.high qualityB.concreteC.utterD.authentic54.Which of the following is NOT true with the "enjoy yourself" message?A.It is a different kind of personality from others.B.It is one that is self-centered.C.I like to do what makes me feel good.D.I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.55.Researchers have found that______.A.the quantity of cracks decides the speed of an earthquakeB.the larger amount of pressure, the faster the transmission signals areC.the larger the magnitude is, the longer pre-seismic signals an earthquake have.D.the stress signal is detectable with two sensors a few yards away from each other56.(59)57.Why dig agriculture, which was previously resisted violently, finally prevail among the pastoral nomads as a way of life?58.(53)59.(62)60.【C6】四、5.Error Correction(5题)61. 【S1】62.【S7】63.【S10】64.Some say that nothing is more vivid or memorable than a picture. We disagree. No visual image is as vivid as the image created by the mind in response with words. The main function of the poet or the artist, in fact, is to 【S1】______.enable people to see more deep into things than they can with the unaided 【S2】_______.eye, and this is that good prose or poetry or painting is all about. 【S3】_______.It is not true that one picture is worthy a thousand words. It takes only a 【S4】_______.few words -- if they are the right words -- to ignite the imagination and produce pictures far less colourful than anything within the range of electronic 【S5】_______.communications.Yet the ultimate importance and power of print is represents not by its 【S6】_______.superior images and by its ability to convey abstract ideas. No matter how intensively or prolonged a person's normal schooling may be, he is only 【S7】_______.partially educated if he is able to think abstractly, He knows that the most【S8】_______.vital ingredient in the making of decisions is sequential thought. No other medium of communications can equal with the speed and accuracy of print in【S9】_______.moving an abstraction from one human brain to another. If we are looking for a way to kill philosophy, then let us by all means to put an end to print, for【S10】_______.print is the natural habitat of ideas.【S1】65.【S3】五、6.Translation(5题)66. Some young people would rather try hard themselves when they are in trouble ______ ( 而不求助于他们的父母).67. No sooner _________________(我刚点着蜡烛,它就被吹灭了) by a violent draught.68. My friend __________________ (把他的名望和成功归功于运气而不是才能).69. It's time _____________ (采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.70. I greatly appreciate __________(两年前给我的出国留学的机会).参考答案1.without asking permission2.professional helpprofessional help 解析：空前的provide表明，本空应填一名词或名词短语。

2021-2022年贵州省贵阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案) 学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、2.Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20题)1.As local temperatures fluctuate naturally, it is not right to say that the Earth is becoming hotter.A.YB.NC.NG2.The Embarrassing Pharmaceutical IndustryThe image of drug industryThe drug industry's image problems are beginning to hurt pharmaceutical companies where it matters most-- at the bottom line.A year after Merck's withdrawal of its arthritis medicine Vioxx led to an industry wide credibility crisis, the Food and Drug Administration is blocking new medicines that might previously have passed muster. Doctors are writing fewer prescriptions for antidepressants and other drugs whose safety has been challenged, like hormone replacement therapies for women in menopause. Meanwhile, insurers and some states are taking advantage of the backlash against the industry to try shifting patients to older, generic drugs, arguing that they work as well as newer and more expensive branded medicines. Overall, prescriptions continue to rise slightly, but an increasing share of prescriptions are going to generic drugs. Also, consumers seem to be less responsive to aggressive drug marketing.The industry lost trust"A lot of the demand that the industry has created over the years has been through promotion, and for that promotion to be effective, there has to be trust," said Richard Evans, an analyst covering drug stocks at Sanford C. Bernstein and Company. "That trust has been lost."In the background, new competitors are forcing the old-line drug giants to struggle to keep pace. Biotechnology companies like Genentech are taking the lead in finding new treatments for cancer, a promising and lucrative field. Executives of the major drug companies say they expect public scrutiny in the wake of problems with Vioxx and other drugs. But they say they are concerned that consumer mistrust has led to unrealistic expectations about drug safety and risks, stunting the development of new medicines."I think there is an overall unreasonable expectation right now that there is such a thing as a risk free drug," said Sidney Taurel, chief executive of EliLilly & Company.The major drug makers remain highly profitable. But at some, including Pfizer and Merck, the largest and third-largest American companies in terms of revenue, sales are stagnant and profits are failing, leading to layoffs and-- for the first time in years-- cuts in research budgets. The drug industry, which is dominated by companies based in this country, is hardly in a full-blown crisis, and layoffs are occurring mainly on the margins of its work force. Pfizer alone will make about ＄8 billion in profit this year, on sales of about ＄51 billion, and invest more than ＄7 billion in research and developmentalthough the company's research spending fell 6 percent in the third quarter of 2005 compared with the same period in 2004, and Pfizer expects it to stay flat or decline in the coming years. Overall, the industry spends more than ＄30 billion annually on research and development.But for the companies, and for patients who are counting on industry research to produce new treatments for diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, these are trying times. Wall Street has also taken notice of the industry's woes. Shares of Pfizer are near their lowest levels since 1997, closing Friday at ＄22.43, and a broad index of drug stocks has fallen 25 percent in five years. In contrast, shares of biotechnology companies are soaring.Without new drugs to promote as patents expire, and with the bar set so high by the blockbusters of the last decade, the old-line companies have depended on stopgap measures to protect sales, like reformulating existing drugs so they can be taken once a week instead of once daily. At the same time, they have used consumer advertising to drive patient demand. But those strategies appear to be losing their effectiveness, as consumers become more skeptical and insurers rebel against high prices for drugs that are notA.YB.NC.NG3.Without the prenuptial talk, it' s not likely that couples have an actual plan for their lives together.A.YB.NC.NG4.There is no public charging stations because ______.A.Its building cost is pretty high.B.People would like to charge at home.C.It takes long time to finish the charging.D.Charge in public stations cost long time.5. According the race rules, dogs for race must have ______.6.What kind of change did World War I1 bring to the theatres?A.The putting forward of dinner.B.The costume of the performance.C.The time of the performance.D.The restaurants nearly offer different food.7.According to the passage, land can be polluted by ______ from agriculture.A.heavy metalsB.pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizersC.slurry from livestockD.rubbish8.The old values and attitudes imparted into the young Chinese Americans effectively help prevent______.9.To trade with the third world is mainly because that it is full of natural resources.A.YB.NC.NG10.Cable television had developed technology that allowed them to add more programming to cable service in ______.A.In the early 1990sB.In the late 1970sC.In the early 1950sD.In the early 1940s11.It is advised to be subtle when parents step in to the principal about the bullies because ______.12.Now cohabitation normally happens before marriage.A.YB.NC.NG13.Organic agriculture has become a big industry as more and more farmers are switching to it.A.YB.NC.NG14.A nonviolent offender can choose ______.15.Trust is a matter of ______ rather than of technique.16.About the buzzing prodigies, people argue ______.17.How Earthquakes WorkAn earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as "rock-solid" and completely stable. But an earthquake can shatter that perception instantly. Up until relatively recently, scientists only had unsubstantiated guesses as to what actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain amount of mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding. There has been enormous progress in the past century: Scientists have identified the forces that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that can tell us an earthquake's magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is to find a way of predicting earthquakes.Shaking GroundAn earthquake is a vibration that travels through the earth's crust. Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini-earthquake, if you feel your house shaking as it goes by, but we tend to think of earthquakes as events that affect a fairly large area, such as an entire city. All kinds of things can cause earthquakes:-volcanic eruptions-meteor(流星) impacts-underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example)-collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine)But the majority of naturally-occurring earthquakes are caused by movementsof the earth's plates, as we'll see in the next section.We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United States Geological Survey, more than three million earthquakes occur every year. That's about 8000 a day, or one every 11 seconds! The vast majority of these 3 million quakes are extremely weak.Sliding PlatesThe biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismology(地震学)—the study of earthquakes came in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the theory of plate tectonics(板块构造). The basic theory is that the surface layer of the earth—the lithosphere—is comprised of many plates that slide over the lubricating mantle(地幔) layer. At the boundaries between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen: -Plates can move apart—If two plates are moving apart from each other, hot, molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere.-Plates can push together—If the two plates are moving toward each other, one plate typically pushes under the other one. At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate is in a position to subduct under the other, so they both push against each other to form. mountains.-Plates slide against each other—At other boundaries, plates simply slide by each other—they are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at the boundary.Where these plates meet, you'll find faults—breaks in the earth's crust where the blocks of rock on each side are moving in different directions. Earthquakes are much more common along fault lines than they are anywhere else on the planet.FaultsScientists identify four types of faults, characterized by the position of the fault plane, the break in the rock and the movement of the two rock blocks: -In a normal fault (see animation below), the fault plane is nearly vertical. These faults occur where the crust is being pulled apart, due to the pull of a divergent plate boundary.-The fault plane in a reverse fault is also nearly vertical, but the hanging wall pushes up and the footwall pushes down. This sort of fault forms where a plate is being compressed.-A thrust fault moves the same way as a reverse fault, but the fault line is nearly horizontal. This is the sort of fault that occurs in a converging plate boundary.-InA.YB.NC.NG18.Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes. Mostly, such changes are gradual.A.YB.NC.NG19.When GM tomatoes first entered British supermarket, it caused a sensation to the whole immediately.A.YB.NC.NG20.No matter what the hostage situation is like, the principle of negotiating is to work the hostage-takers into a ______.二、3.Listening Comprehension(20题)21.(19)A.He made it himself.B.He had a carpenter make it.C.He bought it a long time ago.D.He had an old one re-made.22.(46)23.(21)A.He believes that flashy robes attract greater attention.B.He believes that flashy robes go well with boxing matches.C.He wants to send a message to the spectators saying he can fight though he's 40.D.He believes that the spectators love to see him dressed in flashy robes.24.(26)A.Only the subjects that could be used in society are important.B.The subjects could be irrelevant so long.C.There should be more classes on social studies.D.There should be no exams in subjects of social studies.25.【B9】26.听力原文：As a tradition, workers in companies are always required to wear suits and fie, but according to a senior government official, Thailand is to ask workers to stop wearing suits as part of the country ' s latest measure to conserve energy. This is the idea of the new government, because Thailand is a tropical country and air-conditioners have been used very commonly, which consume a large amount of energy, but if the workers turned up in shirt sleeves, they wouldn't need air-conditioners turned up so high. At its weekly meeting, the cabinet passed a resolution asking all public servants not to wear jackets and urging private employees to do the same. This has already been practised by the government. At a re cent meeting, only four of six air-conditioners in the cabinet room had been turned on. One of the government officials says, "Initially it was not hot in the room, but if a meeting lasts a long time, the temperature might need to be lowered a bit."(31)A.New Fashion in Thailand.B.How to Use Air-conditioner wisely.C.A New Way to Save Energy.D.Air-conditioner in Thailand.27.(15)A.That the man will not be able to sleep.B.That someone will enter the back door while the man is sleeping.C.That the lock on the door will break.D.That the man will not be able to come back.28.(32)A.They are not as dangerous as people think.B.They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.C.They attack human beings by nature.D.They are really tame sea animals.29.听力原文：W: I can't believe it! I finally found the perfect sofa and it's out of stock. It'll take weeks to deliver.M: Does that really matter? You've already waited this long.Q: What does the man imply the woman should do?A.Report the problem to the store manager.B.Go to another furniture store.C.Order the sofa she wants.D.Postpone making a decision about the sofa.30.听力原文：W: Tim, I hate to tell you this, but we're caught in a budget crunch, and we must lay you off. I'm sorry.M: I understand. I've enjoyed my time here, and I'm confident I can find something else.Q: What is the man's response?(15)A.He is upset.B.He flies into a rage.C.He is only too glad to go.D.He is sure of his future.31.(38)32.【B5】33.听力原文：W：The charity appeal raised only half of what it expected．M：One quarter of a million is respectable，however．Q：How much money did they expect to raise?(14)A.＄1 million.B.＄1/4 million.C.＄1/2 million.D.＄2 million.34.听力原文：M: I don't know why I married you. The house is always dirty. The children are ignorant, and I never have any clean clothes to wear.W: I never promised to do any of those things. You should have gotten the girl back home and not a famous model like me.Q: Who is the man talking to?A.His teacher.B.His maid.C.A famous model.D.His wife.35.听力原文：W: I can't get over the way you treated me at our own dinner table.M: I was irritated at something else. I said I was sorry. Do we have to go through all that again?Q: What happened to the woman the other day?(19)A.She was hurt by the man.B.She lost her temper.C.She didn't speak to her husband.D.She missed the dinner party.36.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or on a given examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high marks.When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, periodicals, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library.Professors will help students who need them, but prefer that their students not be overly depend on them. In the United States, professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore, the time a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.(27)A.For the completion of required assignments.B.For passing given examinations.C.For the good of gaining knowledge.D.For the sake of high grades.37.听力原文：W：Why is she talking so loudly?M：I think she is hard of hearing.Q：Why is the woman mentioned speaking so loudly?(18)A.It is too noisy.B.She enjoys speaking loudly.C.She is very angry.D.She is deaf.38.(29)A.She had three brothers.B.She was the first leader of the women's liberation movement in America.C.She did a lot of writing in support of equal rights for women.D.She came to be aware of the inequality before studying in college.39.(47)40.(22)A.Expensive.B.Much lower.C.Everyone could achieve scholarship.D.Students' parents don't have to be rich.三、4.Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(20题)41.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Let's now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned (有坏影响的) type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are considered separately,since they are the rarest, most fascinating, and most important of the species Scientificus. Their motivational system most often is that of the Player, although occasionally it is that of the Operator.Although theorists are often viewed as cold, rational, deliberate machines, they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture. They are usually individuals of strong feelings who have the ego (自我) of actors and anirrational, almost mystic attachment to particular views of their discipline. The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face, which often represents only their disdain (轻蔑) for contact with the spectators.There are important occupational differences between theorists and other scientists. Theorists set the framework within which others do their research. Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of existing theories. Non-theorists fulfill a relatively safe and useful function. Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence contrary to the status quo. What is the general personality makeup of theorists? Are they normal, neurotic, or even psychotic? They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class normality, and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality. Perhaps they don't fit any of the usual categories. George Bernard Shaw once said, "The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man." Perhaps his message was to tolerate the dissenters (反对者), the faddists, the kooks (狂人), and in general those who disagree with what we know are right so long as they don't become too violent. Tolerate them, not out of any sense of humanity but for crass self-interest. A few of them are innovators, and society needs them infinitely more than they need society.In reviewing all the group of scientists and science-trained individuals we have encountered, we find a range of individuals spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior. but with some important common characteristics. Scientists are neither supermen nor naive children. They are not foggily absent-minded or unrealistic; rather, many of the things they consider important and real are often quite different from those of the "everyday" world.By describing theorists as cold, rational, deliberate machines, the author intends to imply that theorists are actually individuals of______.42. What may borrowers suffer from the violent movements in exchange rates?43.Many countries are shocked to find that______.A.consuming countries are confronting a serious drug problemB.drug problem has become more serious than everC.drug trafficking gangs are often allied with terroristsD.drag abuse is undermining their government44.What is the main difference between an electronic book and a LCD screen?A.Electronic ink.B.The portability they come to.C.The convenience they make.D.The content they store.45.How many people are suffering from labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions: In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire (可怕的) consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings ware usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated(减轻) the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority is from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude millions of fully employed workers whose wages arc so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently internet to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times thenumber unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffers. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another part-time working because of the inability Io find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failings in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate----that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.Which of the following docs "labor market problems" (Line 1, Para. 1) refer to?A.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B.Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.The overall causes of poverty.46.It is clear from the passage that the author advocates ______.A.the natural development of children's intelligenceB.early intervention in children's intellectual growthC.providing enough day-care centers for children of working mothersD.depriving poor mothers of the opportunities to raise their children at home47.We can infer from the passage that______.A.there is little difference between specialization and professionalisationB.amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of scienceC.amateurs have national academic societies but no local onesD.professionals welcome amateurs into the scientific community48. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaintsbecause ______.A.they often watch ads on TVB.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertisedC.they generally lead a sedentary lifeD.they don't take to sports and easily catch colds49.Nowadays the bosses can ask the workers to take the polygraph tests only under the condition that ______.50.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than those who score low. When degree aptitude for college work, as indicated by College Entrance Examination Board Tests, is held constant, engineering students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than the aptitude test scores would indicate.We can define this need as the habitual desire to do useful work well. It is a salient influence characteristic of those who need little supervision. Their desire for accomplishment is a stronger motivation than any stimulation the supervisor can provide. Individuals who function in terms of this drive do not "bluff" in regard to a job that they fail to do well.Some employees have a strong drive for success in their work; others are satisfied when they make a living. Those who want to feel that they are successful have high aspiration for themselves. Thoughts concerning the achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical employment interviewer who interviews college seniors for executive training. He wants to find out whether the senior has a strong drive to get ahead or merely to hold a job. Research indicates that some who do get ahead have an even stronger drive to avoid failure.What is the main subject of this passage?51.Many companies hesitate to use the Web because ______.A.technical flaws of Internet make it impossible to run business online efficientlyB.shops in silicon costs lots of moneyC.consumers are usually annoyed by the "push" strategyD.some people just do not regard network as reliable pathway for business52. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ______.A.has not definitely been establishedB.varied according to the number of foreign competitorsC.was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were heldD.was considered unimportant53. To strengthen moral instruction, parents should fix into their children's mind a sense of ______.54.How can users keep the password in secret?55.Oskar Pfungst discovered that Hans performed badly in the math work when ______.56.(60)57.The author of this essay seems to suggest that______.A.the devaluation of Malaysia's currency is due to the American plotB.the Asian Crisis is the result of ASEAN pandering to terrorist governmentsC.there is not a serious economic problems in Southeast Asia at allD.the economic problems in some Asian countries is partly the result of their overheating economy58.What's the goal of American parents to raise children?A.To gain more freedom.B.To show respect to their parents.C.To be independent.D.To understand the meaning of a family.59.【C9】60.What do you think of the final paragraph?四、5.Error Correction(5题)61.【S8】62.【S7】63.【S3】64.【S6】65.The term "virus" is derived from the Latin word forposition, or slime. It was originally applied to the noxiousstench emanating from swamps that was thought to cause avariety of disease in the centuries before microbes were S1.______ discovered and specifically linked to illness. But it was S2.______ until almost the end of the nineteenth century that a truevirus was proven to be the reason of a disease. S3.______The nature of viruses made them impossible to detectfor many years, even after bacteria had been discovered and studied. Not only are viruses too small to be seen with alight microscope, they also cannot be detected through their S4.______ biological activity, except as it occurs in conjunction withother organisms. In fact, viruses show no traces of biologicalactivity by themselves. Unlike bacteria, they are not livingagents in the strictest way. Viruses are very simple pieces S5.______。

（2023年）贵州省遵义市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Traveling. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline give below:1. 1.许多人喜欢旅游，不同的旅游者有不同的感受。

2.我喜欢/不喜欢旅游，是因为……2. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Students' Starting Their Own Businesses. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.目前有不少大学生开始创业1．对此不少人给予了肯定2．也有人有不同的看法3．我认为…Students' Starting Their Own Businesses3. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Food Safety. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．目前食品安全问题屡见不鲜2．这些问题产生的原因3．为了改变这种状况，我认为……Food Safety4. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Study under a Work-Study Program. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 在大学校园中，有的大学生是因为生活困难而勤工俭学，有的大学生是为锻炼实际能力2. 作为一名在校大学生，你如何看待勤工俭学问题Study under a Work-Study Program5. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Students' Starting Their Own Businesses. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.目前有不少大学生开始创业1．对此不少人给予了肯定2．也有人有不同的看法3．我认为…Students' Starting Their Own Businesses6. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Announcement. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:你们学校将开展一次赴西部支教的活动，在校生均可参加，为期一年，教授的课程为初中语文、数学、英语、物理和化学。

2019年6月、12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析（完整版）Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community responsibility.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions l to 4 are based on the conversations you have just heard.1.A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in London.D) It displays albums by new music talents.2.A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3.A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4.A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard.5.A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6.A) Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C) She had apparently asked for too much.D) She didn’t pay her mortgage in time.7.A) Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C) Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8.A) Seek advice from an expert about fund raising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to improve farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard11.A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C) It causes hardly any pollution.D) It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expand business outside the UK.C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects.13.A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads.C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.B) It is a promising industry.C It requires new technology.D) It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recording will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17.A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C) It was original in design.D) It was thought-provoking.18.A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20.A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.21.A) Loss of workers’personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity.C) Deterioration of workers’ mental health.D) Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23.A) The city’s airports are outdated.B) The city had just been reunified.C) The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24.A) The municipal government kept changing hands.B) The construction firm breached the contract.C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction.D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25.A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D) Complaints by local residents increase.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do.But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 .In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets.In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness.When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities.According to the researchers, the participants' phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them.One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer.Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 .”So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks.On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance.Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34 situations.An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with gills (护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best.The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness.A) alleviate I) desiresB) apparently J) excludedC) arrogant K) featureD) associated L) lonelyE) circumstances M) separateF) competitive N) spectacularlyG) conceded O) warrantH) consciousnessSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.[A] Though he didn’t come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land.Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture.The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him He thought theshorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test.In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York.He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand forgrass-fed products currently exceeds supply.Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate.Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir (发酵乳饮品) on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%.This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market according to natural and organic market research company SPINS.Joseph’s top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York.The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed.In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convent from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain.Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began with no end in sight.Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert.But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics.Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk.Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins.By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed.These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland’s natural seed bunk, and fertilized by the cows’own fertilizer[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement.Grazing herds stimulate microbial (微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon.And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.[F] In the grass fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market.The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus.Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way forfamily-scale farms to stay ually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working.That’s when they call Maple Hill.If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin.Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management.Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter fat and other solids.[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands on and comprehensive, it’s just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms.Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s st summer, Massachusettsgrass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year.Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members.Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he’s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H] Smith says he’ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic (整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting.In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[1] Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides.Price, for one, is an issue.Joseph says his products are priced10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed.As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced20-25% over the conventional alternative.But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%,[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed.For both beef and dairy production it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland.Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well.But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human heath and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model.“The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,”he says.[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars.Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat.Soon after launching EPIC’S most successful product - the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar - Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison (北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture.When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed.The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.[L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain.So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison.EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price.The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.’We’re bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,”Collins explains.36.Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37.Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.38.One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39.Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40.Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41.Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42.One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43.Grass fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44.When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.45.A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison met was scarce.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society: they mediate it too.The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.This is ambitious in any circumstances.and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados-appear to have become almost routine at some state schools.Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds.Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do.Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast.The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line.The discrepancy is startlingly apparent.Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s cational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests.In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel.and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday.Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures.some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be trulylife-changing.They should be applauded.Methods such as whole-schoolfundraising.with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.But ￡3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over ￡30,000.Such initiatives close doors for many pupils.Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips.Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs.However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips.which are becoming increasingly common.Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed.But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.46.What does the author say best schools should do?A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.47.What does the author think about school field trips?A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.B)They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.48.What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?A) Events aiming to improve community services.B) Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity.C) Events that require mutual understanding.D) Activities involving all students on campus.49.What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?A) They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit.B) They don’t want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.C) They don’t want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.D)They want their children to experience adventures but they don’t want them to run risks,50.What is the author’s expectation of schools?A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study.The study’s report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world’s last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds. Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned:“If there’re no actions aimed at haling or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human- induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays thesame, the species may son disappear.”The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic.Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill (磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins.But today’s report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic’s delicate ecosystems.Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins - 1.1 million breeding pairs - will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.”King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea.As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front - an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life - is being pushed further south, This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer.And as the distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.Le Bohec said:“The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic.Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems." Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems.As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems.The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce.Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.51.What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?A)King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.B)Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.52.What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?A)Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.B)Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.C)Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.D)Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.53.What does the passage say about king penguins?A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54.What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?A) Many baby king penguins can’t have food in time.B) Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.C) Whales will invade king penguins’ breeding grounds.D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.55.What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?A)The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.B)Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.C)It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.D)Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.荷花是中国的名花之一, 深受人们喜爱。

2019 年 12 月大学英语六级考试CET6 真题与答案解析（卷一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartⅡListening comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in LondonD) It displays albums by new music talents.2. A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hiphop music.3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4. A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6. A)Her previous debt hadn't been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C)She had apparently asked for too much.D)She didn't pay her mortgage in time.7. A)Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy apiece of property.C)Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Buildup her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A)It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10. A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard.11. A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C) It causes hardly any pollution.D) It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expanding business outside the UK.C)It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D)It has joined hands with Sainsbur y’s to sell pet insects.13. A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14. A)They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15. A)It is environmentally friendly.B)It is a promising industry.C) It requires new technology.D)It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C)To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D)To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17. A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C)It was original in design.D)It was thought-provoking.18. A)Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C)Reading plaintexts is more effective than viewing pictures.D)Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A)Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D)Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have house of their own.21. A) Loss of workers’personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’creativity.C) Deterioration of workers'mental health.D)Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A)It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D)It has become atypical symbol of German efficiency.23. A) The city’s airpo rts are outdated.B)The city had just been reunified.C)The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24. A)The municipal government kept changing hands.B)The construction firm breached the contract.C)Shortage of funding delayed is construction.D)Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25 A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B) All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C)Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D)Complaints by local residents increase.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliance what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researcher phones, the participants’phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own“beliefs and 32 ”. So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, werely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them —e specially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles( 护栅) that upturned like smiles sold bes t. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a cars’friendliness.A) alleviate I) desiresB) apparently J) excludedC) arrogant K) featureD) associated L) lonelyE) circumstances M) separateF) competitive N) spectacularlyG) conceded O) warrantH) consciousnessSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2.[A] Though he didn't come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like the Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir(发酵乳饮品), on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice.[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming onboard during the last two years.[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40 -50% every year since it began, with no end in sight, Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy fanners have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland' s naturalseed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial(微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats. (F] In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag -time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, away for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, it's just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he's received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H] Smith says he'll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic(整体的）management to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above -market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[I] Though advocates portray grass-fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do havedownsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35 -60%.[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass -fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,”he says.[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC' s most successful product-the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar-Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison(北美野牛） raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.[L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it. We're bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,”Co llins explains. 36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch tograss-fed.38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should betaken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43. Grass-fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass -fed products fell short of demand.45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass -fed bison meat was scarce. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside —at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados —appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents arebeing asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because theirfamilies can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better -off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.Probing the rockpools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life's possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds( 收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.But £3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over £30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice: and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.46. What does the author say best schools should do?A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.47. What does the author think about school field trips?A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.B) They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?A) Events aiming to improve community services.B) Activities that help to fuel students'ingenuity.C) Events that require mutual understanding.D) Activities involving all students on campus.49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?A) They want their children to participate eventhough they don't see much benefit.B) They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.C) They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.50. What is the author's expectation of schools?A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的)waters around the Antarctic could seeKing penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned: “If there're no actions aimed at halting or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human-induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic.Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill( 磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today's report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic's delicate ecosystems.Le Bohec said: "Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins—1.1 million breeding pairs-will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100." King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front-an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life—is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as this distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.Le Bohec said: “The p light of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems." Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?A) King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.B) Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?A) Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.B) Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.C) Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.D) Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.53. What does the passage say about king penguins?A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar FrontD) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?A) Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.B) Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.C) Whales will invade king penguins'breeding grounds.D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?A) The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.B) Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.C) It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguins.D) Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.梅花位居中国十大名花之首 ,源于中国南方, 已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。