现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： 1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on
最新现在完成时专项练习经典 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．一 How long your brother ______ this camera? — For two weeks. A. have; bought B. have; had C. has; had D. has; bought 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】本题考查动词的时态。句意：“你哥哥买这个相机多久了?”“两周了。”根据答语“For two weeks. ”可知本句的动词应该使用延续性动词have，不能使用短暂性动词buy。主语是your brother，为第三人称单数，所以应该选择C项。 【点评】考查现在完成时。 2．Wow! You ________ dinner! Let's eat now. A. cook B. are cooking C. will cook D. have cooked 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：Wow，你做好分了，让我们现在来吃。根据““Wow”及“now”可知本句动词的时间是现在，根据语境可知动词的状态为完成。故选D。 【点评】动词的时态可以根据选项与上下文之间的前后关系来判断。 3．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair? —Because I all my money on an MP5. A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 4．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故
现在完成时 一、其构成 "助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如： 1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。 2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。 3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。 二、其用法与标志词 (一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如： 1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -___________ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。 (二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如： 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。 2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。3. I______a letter from him since he left. A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard 析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。 三、have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如： 1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。 2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。 四、现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如： 1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子) 析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句) ________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city. 析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。 3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming 析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。 一、单项选择 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ. will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he?
现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词 （1）专题讲解： 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. Eg: buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买 borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借 die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死 leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开 begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始 join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加 --- have / has been a ( party) member go (went) --- have / has been there / in 去 come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达 end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束 eg. The film began five minutes ago. ------The film has been on for five minutes. ------It has been five minutes since the film began. 用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋open代open 7、be closed代close/shut 用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
《现在完成时》单元测试题(含答案) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it? —In July. I _____it for two weeks. A. had B. have had C. have bought D. bought 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的新自行车那么好看。你什么时候买的。——七月份，我买了两周了。根据for two weeks，可知句子时态为现在完成时，而且谓语动词必须是延续性的。因此排除AD，buy是结束性动词，不能够延续，应此排除，故答案是B。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意现在完成时中延续性动词的使用。 2．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years． A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多， 结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D． 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair? —Because I all my money on an MP5. A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
现在完成时练习 I.写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 be win act try hear think break see climb cry get finish stop find meet open die go II.按要求改变句型 1.He has heard that before. (改为否定句) 2.The retired people have climbed Mount Xiang many times. (改为否定句) 3.David has already booked the theatre. (改为否定句) 4.Steve and Carol have gone to Italy. (改为否定句) 5.I have had my lunch already. (改为疑问句) 6.Two of the scientists have been to the North Pole. (改为疑问句) 7.I have taught English in the middle school since 1980. (改为疑问句) 8.They have found a job already. (改为疑问句) 9.The Smiths have had a holiday since Christmas. (对划线部分提问) 10.The famous singers have gone to Greece to have a meeting. (对划线部分提问)
11.Li Ming has received the invitation already. (对划线部分提问) 12.Jim has forgot how to play cards. (对划线部分提问) III.用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1.Every student ________ (see) the program already. 2.Kent and I ________ (write) poems before. 3.Dick ________ (do) the work these days. 4.The people living in the mountains ________ never ________ (see) films. 5.Patty ________ (buy) a magazine about the school life. 6.The actress ________ (live) here all her life. 7.The glass is broken. Who ________ (break) this glass? 8.Finally the workers ________ (finish) that job. 9.________ you ________ (borrow) the book we talked abut last time? 10.There’s no more wine in the bottle. They ________ (drink) all of it. 11.Tom ________ (leave) a message for you. He ________ (call) last night. 12.I ________ (see) the movie once before. I ________ (love) it a lot. 13.A: ________ (you/hear) the news? B: yes, I ________ A: Who ________ (tell) you the news? B: Li Ming ________ (do) A: When ________ (he/tell) you? B: Two hours ago. IV.改错 1.What have you done last night? 2.He knew Doctor Wang since thirty years ago. 3.Kite has hurt his leg, but it’s OK now. 4.I work here for over ten years. 5.The chairman has gone to many countries in his life. 6.Where have you borrowed that dictionary? 7.I’ve seen the play already. Have you seen it already? 8.Did you see your sister carries all the baggage to the station? 9.My brother has bought a used car, but then he sold it. 10.Her mother has gone to Europe last season.
译林版中考英语专项训练现在完成时训练题 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．Mike the bookshop. I have to wait for him. A. went to B. was in C. has been to D. has gone to 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：迈克去了书店。我不得不等他。从第二句来判断. 迈克不在. 应用“have／has gone to a place”来表示“去某地了（还没有回来）”。用现在完成时强调过去发生的事件对现在的影响。 【点评】考查动词时态及have been to和have gone to的区别。 2．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 3．—Lucy, is your uncle a teacher? —Yes, he is. He history for nearly 20 years. A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你叔叔是老师吗？——是的，他是。他教历史将近20年了。根据句中的时间状语 for nearly 20 years ，可知，表示持续一段时间的动作，用现在完成时，have/has+过去分词。主语是he，用has，故选B. 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意其常与for+一段时间连用。 4．—How many letters you to your mother? —109 in all, since 2016. A. has, written B. have, written C. did, write D. are, writing 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你给你妈写了多少封信？——从2016年起，总共109封。句中since 2016是现在完成时态常用的时间状语，其结构是主语+have/has+动词过去分词，且主语是you，则应填写have written，故答案选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态。注意现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时瞬间动词变成延续性动词练习 一、单项选择。 ( )1. We are late . The bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away ( )2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. have gone to ( )3. The factory ______ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened ( )4.--How long _____ you _____ ill? -----For two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. have, had ( )5. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D.keep ( )6. The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. ended ( )7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught D. taught ( )8. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became ( )9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. am returned ( )10. Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from D. left ( )11. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had ( )12. He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had D. buy 二、完成句子。 1.I moved to the USA last year.（同义句） I ________ ________ _______ the USA since _______ ________ . 2.His grandfather died five years ago.（同义句） His grandfather _________ _________ __________ __________ five years . 3.They borrowed it last week.（同义句）They _________ _________ it since __________ __________. 4.I bought a pen two hours ago.（同义句）I _________ _________ a pen for ________ _________. 5. The film began two minutes ago.（同义句）The film _______ _______ _______ for ________ _______. 6.He left Fuzhou just now.（同义句） He _______ ________ ______ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. 7.The meeting finished at six.（同义句） The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 8. They married in 1995.（同义句） ①They ________ ________ __________since _________. ②They ________ ________ __________for _________ __________. 9.His brother joined the army three years.（同义句） His brother________ _________ ________ the army _______ _______ _______ _______. 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1. have arrived / got to/reached \come/gone/→have been in .…相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 3. have come/gone out →have been out 4. have become → have been 5. have closed / opened→ have been close d/open 6.have woken/woken up→have been awake 7. have died → have been dead； 8. have left ... → have been away from ... 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over； 11. have married → have been married； 12. have joined ...→ have been in ...\have been a member of... 13. have begun\started → have been on 14. have borrowed/len t →have kept 15. have caught /go t a cold → ha ve had a cold； 16. have bought →have had\owned 17. have moved to ...→have been\lived in /at ...
人教版英语《英语现在完成时》单元测试题(含答案) 含答案百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Where is your mother? —She ______ Australia and she ______ Sydney for two weeks. A. has been to; has been in B. has been to; has been to C. has gone to; has been in D. has gone to; has been to 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的妈妈在哪里？——她去了澳大利亚，她在悉尼呆了两周了。has been to”去过某地“，现在已经回来了；has gone to”去了某地“，还没有回来；has been in”待在某地“一段时间。根据句意Where is your mother?可知，她的妈妈还没有回来，第二个空后面有一段时间for two weeks，应该用be in，故应选C。 【点评】考查动词的时态，以及has been to ,has gone to ,has been in的含义和用法。2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。4．So far Tom with Mary _______ 50 left -behind children to do their homework after school.
一、时态讲解：现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： a)since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes 2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。 I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.