A behavioral approach to play in mechanical networks

兴趣的做法重于兴趣的作文英文回答：Interest is something that drives us, motivates us, and brings us joy. It is an essential part of our lives and plays a significant role in shaping our personalities and determining our paths in life. In my opinion, the way we approach and pursue our interests is more important than the actual interests themselves.When it comes to pursuing our interests, there are two main approaches: passive and active. The passive approach involves simply enjoying our interests without actively engaging in them or seeking ways to develop them further. For example, someone who loves reading but only reads occasionally and doesn't explore different genres or authors would be taking a passive approach. While there is nothing wrong with this, it limits the potential growth and depth of the interest.On the other hand, the active approach involvesactively seeking opportunities to engage with our interests, expand our knowledge, and develop our skills. This could mean joining a book club, attending writing workshops, or even pursuing a degree in literature. By actively pursuing our interests, we not only deepen our understanding and enjoyment but also open doors to new experiences and connections.Let me give you a personal example. I have always had a keen interest in photography. Initially, I would just take pictures casually without much thought or effort. However, as I became more passionate about it, I decided to take an active approach. I enrolled in a photography course, joined a photography club, and started participating inexhibitions and competitions. These experiences not only improved my technical skills but also allowed me to connect with other photographers and learn from their experiences. My interest in photography has now become a significantpart of my life, and I continue to actively pursue it by exploring new techniques, experimenting with different subjects, and sharing my work on social media platforms.中文回答：兴趣是驱使我们、激励我们并给予我们快乐的东西。

高二年级英语心理学初探单选题50题1. The state of being extremely sad and losing interest in life is often related to ______.A. AnxietyB. DepressionC. ObsessionD. Hallucination答案：B。

解析：A选项Anxiety是焦虑的意思，通常表现为过度担忧、不安；B选项Depression是抑郁，其特征包括极度悲伤、对生活失去兴趣等，符合题意；C选项Obsession是痴迷、困扰的意思，与悲伤和对生活失去兴趣无关；D选项Hallucination是幻觉，与题干所描述的心理状态无关。

2. A person who has an unreasonable fear of a particular thing is said to have ______.A. PhobiaB. ParanoiaC. AmnesiaD. Dementia答案：A。

解析：A选项Phobia指恐惧症，即对特定事物有不合理的恐惧；B选项Paranoia是偏执狂，主要表现为过度猜疑等，与对特定事物的恐惧无关；C选项Amnesia是失忆症，与恐惧无关；D选项Dementia是痴呆，与题干描述的对特定事物的恐惧不相关。

3. Which term refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of others?A. EmpathyB. SympathyC. ApathyD. Antipathy答案：A。

解析：A选项Empathy是同理心，强调理解并分享他人的感受；B选项Sympathy更多是同情，只是表示对他人的不幸表示怜悯，并不一定理解和分享感受；C选项Apathy是冷漠，与理解和分享感受相反；D选项Antipathy是反感，与题干表达的意思完全不同。

The Approaches to Becoming an Artistic English TeacherEnglish teaching in middle school is an art that professional teachers master various techniques to develop their classes effectively and make the classes as interesting as possible. Although a teacher has good professional knowledge in teaching, he isn’t’a successful and excellent teacher unless he masters the art of English teaching.There are several reasons for a teacher to master the art of English teaching. First, it helps the teacher to develop and keep their classes interesting. An artistic teacher can make students’learning more interesting and colorful through the form of games or group works. Second, mastering the art allows a teacher to make his own choices in teaching. The teacher may design proper methods that are suitable for most of students according to their actual conditions, which can improve the quality of teaching and reach the teaching goal. Finally, the art enables a teacher to develop class in a flexible way. He doesn’t have to follow the traditional teaching methods so that he can use different techniques to train students to put the learned knowledge into practice (Tian, 2004).It is not easy for one to be an artistic English teacher. It needs a teacher to keep practicing, learn from others’ experiences and learn from his own experiences as a learner. There are several approaches of different aspects for one to be an artistic English teacher in middle school.First, being scientific is the basic step for one to be an artistic teacher because science is the foundation of the art of English teaching. Being scientific means a teacher should be proficient in language learning theories, educational psychology and language teaching methodology (Yang & Xiao, 2003).Only when a teacher is proficient in these knowledge can he teach the content accurately and explain students’questions clearly. For instance, if a teacher can’t answer the simple questions students ask, he will lose his authority among students.Second, an artistic teacher should learn to be proficient in teaching management. For one thing, the teacher should ask questions purposefully. For example, when teaching the topic about sports, I asked my student to talk about his favorite sports and then introduced more sports to him. I asked the question related to the topic so that it could attract his interest in the topic and inspired him to think about the sports. For another, the teacher should learn to motivate students to think and cultivate their thinking ability. Take the Korean teacher’s excellent teaching as an example. He first told a story that a crocodile would eat a person, and then he questioned how a person could escape from being eaten when the crocodile opened its mouth to eat him. His question undoubtedly stimulated their desire to find out ways to solving the problem, which could cultivate their creativity in thinking (Yang & Xiao, 2003).Third, it is quite important for a teacher to master the art of teachingorganization. For one thing, the teacher should present a text to students by games or pictures or performance, which can help them understand the text easily and lay stress on the key points. For instance, Miss Li in JiangMen NO.1V ocational Middle School asked four students to perform the dialogue about the business dinner. After watching their performance, other students understood the meaning of the dialogue clearly. For another, an artistic teacher should get feedbacks from students and deal with different feedbacks according to concrete conditions. For instance, David was puzzled about his right when he was stopped from going out with his friends. The American teacher got his feedback and then explained that he had the right to go out with his friends. From students’feedback, a teacher can know which part students fail to understand and then adapt his teaching strategies and methods (Yang & Xiao, 2003).Four, an artistic teacher should dress professionally and have good pronunciation. For one thing, the appropriate dress of not only shows the teacher’s profession in teaching but also helps establish an influence over his pupils. If a teacher dresses casually, students will think what the teacher says is not authoritative. For another, good pronunciation contributes to an artistic teacher. As the teacher is the model that students follow, teacher should have correct and clear pronunciation for them to imitate. The teacher who has a poor pronunciation will have a deep effect on his students. For instance, my student pronounced the sound [θ]as thesound [f]. I corrected him but he insisted that his teacher pronounced the sound in this way. Therefore, a teacher should have an excellent pronunciation to guide students in a correct way.Five, an artistic teacher should use rich non-verbal languages to develop the class and create a comfortable atmosphere (Yang & Xiao, 2003). When teaching the concept of different figures, the Korean teacher rotated his eyes repeatedly to draw circles. After seeing his special way to show what a circle is, they all broke into a loud laugh. He expressed his ideas directly and vividly through this action. His special non-verbal language played a decisive role in students’permanent memory of the knowledge they have learned.Six, a good sense of humor also contributes to the art of English teaching. The teacher who is humorous in the class can create a sense of relaxation and stimulate students’interest in learning. Therefore, an artistic teacher can tell a story to relax the class after learning boring grammar. Here is the story: One day, an old hen saw a cat trying to eat her chick. Suddenly, an idea came to her mind. “One,one,one(汪，汪，汪)”S he spoke loudly. Hearing this, the cat ran away quickly. After hearing this story, students will get relaxed and get ready to the learning again.Finally, an artistic teacher should be proficient in drawing sketches and apply sketches to English teacher. The application of sketches canactivate the atmosphere and strengthen students’impression on the teaching content. For example, when explaining a story in the text, the teacher can draw sketches to show the content of story on the blackboard. Therefore, students will focus on the class and easily understand the content of the story.In conclusion, there are many different methods contributing to an artistic English teacher. A teacher aims to a successful teacher should master the teaching theories, methods and techniques. What’s more, he should keep on learning and practicing and reflecting from his own experience (Wang, 2006). Only in this way can a teacher master the art of English teaching gradually.ReferencesTian,Z.Y.(2004). Teaching English with Techniques: Theory and Practice. Guiyang: Guizhou People’s PressWang,Q.(2006). A Course in Language Teaching, Beijing: Highier Education PressYang,L.R., &Xiao,J.F.(2003). The art of teaching English. Guang Xi: GuangXi Press。

2020年柳州八中高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are sending a text message watching TV or listening to the radio, you may stop and give this your full attention. Multitasking shrinks (使.....萎缩)the brain? research suggests.A study found that men and womenwho frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, " Using mobile phones, laptops and other media devicessimultaneouslycould be changing the structure of our brains."Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion. The finding follows research which has linked multitasking with a shortened attention span, depression , anxiety and lower grades at school.The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking e-mail, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the Internet. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingu-late cortex (ACC)(前扣带皮层).Scientists have proved that brain structure can be changed on exposure to fresh environments and experience.Other studies have shown that training—such as learning to play magic tricks or taxi drivers' learning the map of London―can increase grey matter densities (密度)in certain parts.Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team conducted a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99，and found 20%had problems with memory. Researchers were shocked greatly by the 14 % of 18 to 39-year-old people who also worried about their memories.Multitasking may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.1. The underlined word " simultaneously" in Paragraph 2 means "________，"A. on one's ownB. at no timeC. at the same timeD. by accident2. All of the following are possible effects of multitasking EXCEPT________ .A. saving timeB. a shortened attention spanC. lower grades at schoolD. depression and anxiety3. Which ofthe following can be the best title of this passage?A. Media multitasking is becoming more popularB. Multitasking shrinks the brainC. Multitasking may shorten attention spanD. People are worried about their memories.BOwning a dog is associated with a significantly lower risk of heart disease and death, according to a comprehensive new study published by a team of Swedish researchers on Friday in the journal Scientific Reports.The scientists followed 3.4 million people over the course of 12 years and found that adults who lived alone and owned a dog were 33 percent less likely to die during the study than adults who lived alone without dogs. In addition, the single adults with dogs were 36 percent less likely to die from heart disease.“Dog ownership was especiallyprominentas a protective factor in persons living alone, which is a group reported previously to be at higher risk of heart disease and death than those living in a multi-person household,” Mwenya Mubanga, a Ph.D. student at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden, and the lead junior author of the study, said in a statement announcing its findings. The link between dog ownership and lower mortality(死亡率)was less pronounced in adults who lived either with family members or partners, but still present, according to the study. “Perhaps a dog may stand in as an important family member in the single households,” Mubanga added. “Another interesting findingwas that owners of dogs which were intended originally for hunting were most protected.”The study, which is the largest to date on the health relations of owning a dog, suggested that some of the reasons dog owners may have a lower risk of mortality and heart disease were because dog owners walk more. “These kind of epidemiological (流行病学的)studies look for associations in large populations but do not provide answers on whether and how dogs could protect their owners from heart disease,” Tove Fall, a senior author of the study and a professor at Uppsala University, said in a statement“We know that dog owners in general have a higher level of physical activity, which could be one explanation to the observed results,” Fall added. “Other explanations include an increased well-being and social contacts or effects of the dog on the bacterial microbiome(微生物菌群) in the owner.” Fall added that because all participantsof dog owners in Sweden or other “European populations with similar culture regarding dog ownership.”4. Why did the researchers do the study related to 3.4 million people’s health and the dogs?A. To help Europeans,B. To find their association.C. To protect unhealthy adults.D. To reduce risk of heart disease.5. What does the underlined word “prominent” probably mean in Para.3?A. Universal.B. Confusing.C. Appealing.D. Important6. What’s the main idea of the text?A. Adults living with dogs are less likely to die.B. Swedish people are very fond of animal pets.C. Keeping a dog is a popular and healthy hobby.D. Owning dogs reduces the risk of heart disease.7. What’s the writer’s attitude towards owning a dog?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Objective.D. Contradictory.CLarry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.Larry first began diving when he was his daughter’s age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children of his age were not even allowed to dive.After the first expedition, Larry’s later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, he was limitedto a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.Larry’s first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them .Fortunately for him, a man offered to take him around the different spots for rry didn’t even know what the time was, how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide range of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.Larry looked at his daughter. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already, she looked like she was much braver than had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.8. In what way was this expedition different for Larry?A. His daughter had grown up.B. He had become a famous diver.C. His father would dive with him.D. His daughter would dive with him.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Larry had some special right.B. Larry liked the rented diving suits.C. Divers had to buy diving equipment.D. Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.10. What can be learned from the underlined sentence?A. Larry didn’t wear a watch.B. Larry was not good at math.C. Larry had a poor memory.D. Larry enjoyed the adventure.11. What did Larry expect his daughter to do?A. Become a successful diver.B. Make a good diving guide.C. Take a lot of photo underwater.D. Have longer hours of training.DAs summer approaches, many kids and teenagers may find that they have more time in hand. One great way to make use of the extra time is to go on an adventure and travel. Clearly, I am not a naturally adventurous person, but I have found that takingthe risk and challenging myself to explore and travel to unfamiliar places can be a very rewarding experience.Because I am usually quite busy during the school year, most of my travels take place during the summer.Over the past few summers, I have hiked in the Grand Canyon, explored Niagara Falls, and camped out in upstate New York. Although these experiences are varied, they are similar in that they instill (灌输) a sense of appreciation for nature and a more balanced view on life. When I hiked in the Grand Canyon, for example, I was in awe(敬畏) of the geological influences that shaped the canyon.Adventures, of course, are not limited to hiking. There are many other choices, such as camping, volunteering in a foreign environment and travelling to different countries. In my opinion, adventures are more enjoyable with family or a few friends. There is a sense of bonding that one only gets through spending time together in outdoor adventures. For example, when I was in Boy Scouts, I often went on weekend camping trips with my friends. When I came back from a Boy Scouts camping trip, I often was eager to go outside more and explore the parks and nature around me.Next fall, I will attend college. In the meantime though, I hope to make the most of my summer to explore and travel. Now, I am planning on hiking and camping out in Maine.When I visited Maine last fall, I was amazed by how beautiful it was and the tall trees and coasts that exist, and I really hope to enjoy the beauty of nature there this summer.12. We can learn from the first paragraph about the author?A. He is an adventurous person by natureB. He likes challenging himself by travellingC. He enjoys travelling with other adventurersD He needs others’ help when going on an adventure13. Which of the following can make people’s adventure more enjoyable according to the author？A. Going to different countries.B. Going to unfamiliar places.C. Travelling withtheir family or friends.D. Travelling to distant places by themselves.14. What will the author do this summer？A. Explore Niagara Falls.B. Hike in the Grand Canyons.C. Camp out in upstate New York.D. Hike and camp out in Maine.15. Who is probably the author?A. A high school student.B. A college student.C. A friendly guide.D. A warm-hearted teacher.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the followin g text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Wh y do people read ne g ative Internet comments and do other thin g s that will obviousl y be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertaint y, accordin g to a recent stud y in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so stron g that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the Universit y of Chica g o and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twent y-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told onl y that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would .8Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fin g ernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgustin g insects.The drive to 10 is deepl y rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, sa y s Christopher Hsee of the Universit y of Chica g o. Curiosity is often considered a g ood instinct -it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance -but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insi g ht that curiosity can drive y ou to do 14 thin g s is a profound one.U呻ealth y curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encoura g ed to 16 how the y would feel after viewin g an unpleasant picture were less likel y to 17 to see such an ima g e. These results su gg est that ima g inin g the 18 of followin g throu g h on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. "Thinkin g about lon g-term 20 is ke y to reducin g the possible ne g ative effects of curiosit y," Hsee sa y s. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. protect2. A. refuse3. A. hurt4. A. alert5. A. message6. A. remove7. A. When8. A. continue9. A. rather than10. A. discover11. A. pay12. A. lead to13. A. withdrawal14. A. self-reliant15. A. define16. A. overlook17. A. remember18. A. relief19. A. why20. A. consequences Part A Directions: B. resolve C. discuss D. ignoreB. waitC. regretD. seekB. lastC. misleadD. riseB. tieC. treatD. exposeB. reviewC. trialD. concept B. weaken C. interrupt D. deliverB. IfC. ThoughD. UnlessB. happenC. disappearD. changeB. regardless ofC. such asD. owing to B. forgive C. forget D. disagree B. marriage C. schooling D. foodB. rest onC. learn fromD. begin with B. persistence C. inquiry D. diligence B. self-destructive C. self-evident D. self-deceptive B. resist C. replace D. traceB. predictC. designD. concealB. promiseC. chooseD. pretendB. planC. dutyD. outcome B. whether C. where D.howB. investmentsC. strategiesD. limitations Section II Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as thou g h he has to justify his efforts to g ive his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of somethin g pioneerin g. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire hi g h school where learnin g is not somethin g of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterl y overwhelmed b y a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learnin g in just about everythin g. Nothin g is necessaril y g ained b y forcin g students to learn g eometry at a graffitied desk stuck with g enerations of discarded chewin g gum. The y can also learn g eometry b y assemblin g a bic y cle.But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Workin g with y our hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiorit y. Schools in the famil y of vocational education "have that stereotype…that it's for kids who can't make it academicall y," he sa y s.On one hand, that viewpoint is a lo g ical product of America's evolution. Manufacturin g is not the economic en g ine that it once was. The job securit y that the US econom y once offered to hi g h school graduates has lar g el y evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and ri g htfull y so.But the headlon g push into bachelor's degrees for all—and the subtle devaluin g of anythin g less—misses an important point: That's not the onl y thin g the American econom y needs. Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and hi g h-skill manufacturin g. But onl y 44 percent of workers are adequatel y trained.In other words, at a time when the workin g class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishin g, one obvious solution is starin g us in the face. There is a g ap in workin g-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology Hi g h School is tryin g to fill that g ap.Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlookin g a nation's diversity of g ifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students'lack ofA. practical abilityB. academic trainin gC. pioneerin g spiritD . mechamcal memonzat10n22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .A. have a stereotyped mindB. h a ve no career mot1vat10nC. are not academicall y successfulD. are financiall y disadvanta g ed23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that hi g h school graduates .A. used to have bi g financial concernsB. used to have more job opportunitiesC. are reluctant to work in manufacturin gD. are entitled to more educational privile g es24. The headlon g push into bachelor's degrees for all .A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. ma y narrow the g ap in workin g-class jobsC. is expected to y ield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluin g of hi g her education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described asA. supportiveB. tolerantC. disappointedD. cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s ene rgy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.- 5 -26. The word "p lummeting" (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. nsmg27. According to Paragra p h 3, the use of renewable energy in America .A. is p rogressing notabl yB. is as extensive as in Euro p eC. faces man y challengesD. has p roved to be im p ractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .A. wind is a widel y used energy sourceB. wind energy has re p laced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy su pp l y29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragra p hs 5&6?A. Its a pp lication has boosted battery storage.B. It is con皿onl y used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous su pp l y is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable ex p loitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last p aragra p h that renewable energy .A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not reall y encouraged b y the US governmentD. is not com p etitive enough with regard to its costText3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital econom y is astonishing­Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocer y chain Whole Foods for $ 13.Sbn, but two y ears ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have an y ph y sical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finel y detailed web of its users'friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormousl y revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Ma y's enemies are currentl y plotting? It ma y be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the onl y wa y to address these imbalances of power. But it is clums y. For one thing, it is ver y slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. B y the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it ma y have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced b y new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presentl y interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pa y for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who bu y advertising from them -and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product the y're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the hone y dew the y produce when the y feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives y ield. Ants keep predator y insects awa y from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. Accordin g to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .A. di g ital productsB. user informationC. ph y sical assetsD. quality service32. Linkin g phone numbers to Facebook identities ma y .A worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. Accordin g to the author, competition law .A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one le g al solutionD. cannot keep pace with the chan g in g market34. Competition law as presentl y interpreted can hardl y protect Facebook usersbecause .A. the y are not defined as customersB. the y are not financiall y reliableC. the services are g enerall y di g italD. the services are paid for b y advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .A. a win-win business model between di g ital g iantsB. a typical competition pattern amon g di g ital g iantsC. the benefits provided for di g ital g iants'customersD. the relationship between di g ital g iants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being bus y, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of "deep work" -the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work -be it length y retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a dail y ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when y ou can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the ke y is to determine y our length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. "At an y given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughl y the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting", he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how y ou prioritise y our da y -in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Mess y: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a stud y in the earl y 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthl y goals and stud y activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, da y b y da y.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured dail y plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, the y were wrong: the detailed dail y plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the dail y to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, "be lazy"."Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the bod y…[idleness] is, paradoxicall y, necessary to getting an y work done," he argues.Srini Pilla y, an assistant professor of ps y chiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivit y ma y be due to the wa y our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, the y tend to be more efficient."What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks the y need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain," sa y s Pilla y.36. The ke y to mastering the art of deep work is to .A. keep to y our focus timeB. list y our immediate tasksC. make specific dail y plansD. seize every minute to work37. The stud y in the earl y 1980s cited b y Harford shows that .A. distractions ma y actuall y increase efficienc yB. dail y schedules are indispensable to stud y ingC. students are hardl y motivated b y monthl y goalsD. detailed plans ma y not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .A. a desirable mental state for bus y peopleB. a major contributor to ph y sical healthC. an effective wa y to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing an y work39. Pilla y believes that our brains'shift between being focused and unfocused .A. can result in ps y chological well-beingB. can bring about greater efficienc yC. is aimed at better balance in workD. is driven b y task urgenc y40. This text is mainl y about .A. wa y s to relieve the tension of bus y lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the ke y to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePartBDirections:Read the following text and answer the q uestions b y choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which y ou do not need to use. Mark y our answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]Just sa y it[B]Be present[C]Pa y a uni q ue compliment[D]Name, places, things[E]Find the "me too''s[F]Skip the small talk[G]Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when y ou have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation y ou have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every da y: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the securit y guard at the door. Simpl y starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple wa y s that y ou can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.Suppose y ou are in a room with someone y ou don't know and something within ou sa y s "I want to talk with this person"—this is something that mostl y happens ywith all of us. You wanted to sa y something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is m y advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? The y won't talk with y ou? Well, the y are not talking with y ou now!I trul y believe that once y ou get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple: "Hi", "He y"or "Hello"—do the best y ou can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy y ou can, put on a big smile and sa y "Hi".42.It is a problem all of us face; y ou have limited time with the person that y ou want to talk with and y ou want to make this talk memorable.Honestl y, if we got stuck in the rut of "hi", "hello", "how are y ou?" and''what is going on?", y ou will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, y ou'll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if y ou just ask.43.When y ou meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which y ou and that person have in common so that y ou can build the conversation from that point. When y ou start conversation from there and then move outwards, ou'll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.y44.Imagine y ou are pouring y our heart out to someone and the y are just bus y on their phone, and if y ou ask for their attention y ou get the response "I can multitask".So when someone tries to communicate with y ou, just be in that communication wholeheartedl y. Make e y e contact. Trust me, e y e contact is where all the magic happens. When y ou make e y e contact, y ou can feel the conversation.45.You all came into a conversation where y ou first met the person, but after some time y ou ma y have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward! So, remember the little details of the people y ou met or y ou talked with; perhaps the places the y have been to, the places the y want to go, the things the y like, the things the y hate—whatever y ou talk about.When y ou remember such things y ou can automaticall y become investor in their wellbeing. So the y feel a responsibility to y ou to keep that relationship going.That's it. Five amazing wa y s that y ou can make conversation with almost an y one. Every person is a reall y good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write y our translation neatl y on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks "astronaut" but quickl y adds "scientist" to the list and selects it as well. The bo y is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as man y career paths as he likes. And so he reads -everything from enc y clopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionatel y that his parents have to institute a "no reading polic y" at the dinner table.That bo y was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading y et -not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowada y s, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recentl y, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a y ear. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because the y explain how the world works. "Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore", Gates sa y s.SectionN WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation, and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)PartB48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)4.70% 26.80% 向宝店铺：节，乌果考研冷妞服务价格·环境·特色·其他2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素。

铁皮石斛在亚砷酸钠致大鼠肝损伤中的保护作用吴长艳叶建方郑冲郑雯琳朱凯*发布时间：2023-06-07T05:47:03.572Z 来源：《健康世界》2023年5期作者：吴长艳叶建方郑冲郑雯琳朱凯* [导读] 目的探讨铁皮石斛（DC）在亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)诱导大鼠肝损伤过程中的保护作用。

方法健康成年大鼠40只分为正常组(10 mL/kg生理盐水灌胃)、亚砷酸钠模型组(10 mg/kg 亚砷酸钠溶液灌胃)、铁皮石斛干预组（4g/kg铁皮石斛溶液灌胃）、亚砷酸钠+铁皮石斛联合处理组(10mg/kg 亚砷酸钠溶液+4g/kg铁皮石斛溶液灌胃)，连续干预4周，每天观察大鼠生存状态，每周称量并记录大鼠体重。

贵州省疾病预防控制中心毒理科贵州 550004摘要：目的探讨铁皮石斛（DC）在亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)诱导大鼠肝损伤过程中的保护作用。

方法健康成年大鼠40只分为正常组(10 mL/kg生理盐水灌胃)、亚砷酸钠模型组(10 mg/kg 亚砷酸钠溶液灌胃)、铁皮石斛干预组（4g/kg铁皮石斛溶液灌胃）、亚砷酸钠+铁皮石斛联合处理组(10mg/kg 亚砷酸钠溶液+4g/kg铁皮石斛溶液灌胃)，连续干预4周，每天观察大鼠生存状态，每周称量并记录大鼠体重。

处死后，称取大鼠肝脏重量，全自动血生化仪测量大鼠AST、ALT等肝损伤指标。

结果亚砷酸钠模型组较正常组体重降低（P<0.05），铁皮石斛处理组和亚砷酸钠+铁皮石斛联合处理组较亚砷酸钠模型组体重显著增加（P<0.05）；第四周止，亚砷酸钠模型组较正常组脏器指数、血清AST、ALT水平增加（P<0.05），与亚砷酸钠模型组相比，亚砷酸钠+铁皮石斛联合处理组肝脏器指数、AST、ALT水平明显降低（P<0.05）。

结论铁皮石斛的干预可有效减缓亚砷酸钠致SD大鼠肝损伤。

关键词：铁皮石斛、砷、肝损伤Protective effect of DC on liver injury induced by sodium arsenite in rats Abstract: Objective To explore the intervention effect of Dendrobium candidum (DC) on liver injury induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) in rats. Methods Forty healthy adult SD rats were divided into the normal group (10 mL/kg normal saline), the sodium arsenite model group (10 mg/kg sodium arsenite solution), the Dendrobium candidum intervention group (4 g/kg Dendrobium candidum solution), the sodium arsenite+Dendrobium candidum joint treatment group (10 mg/kg sodium arsenite solution+4 g/kg Dendrobium candidum solution). After continuous intervention for 4 weeks, the survival status of rats was observed every day, weigh and record the weight of rats every week. After being killed, the weight of rat liver was weighed, and AST, ALT and other liver injury indicators were measured by automatic blood biochemical instrument. Results The body weight of the sodium arsenite model group was lower than the normal group (P<0.05), and Dendrobium candidum treatment group and the NaAsO2 + Dendrobium candidum combined treatment group was significantly higher than the sodium arsenite model group (P<0.05); At the end of the fourth week, the organ index, AST and ALT levels in the sodium arsenite model group were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). Compared with the sodium arsenite model group, the liver organ index, AST and ALT levels in the NaAsO2+Dendrobium candidum combined treatment group were lower (P<0.05). Conclusion The intervention of DC can effectively alleviate the liver injury induced by NaAsO2 in SD rats. Keyword: Dendrobium Officinale, arsenic, liver injury砷是一种广泛存在于水、空气和食品中的有毒元素，长期砷暴露会造成机体多器官、系统损害，肝脏是其主要的靶器官之一[1]。

高三英语期末试卷带答案解析考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：xxx 分钟；出题人：xxx 姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单项选择1.Environmental groups intend to _____ the pressure until the government changes the law.A ．keep upB ．make upC ．pick upD ．bring up2.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt________ for London to attend a meeting.A ．will leaveB ．leavesC ．will have leftD ．left 3.--—— What’s up ,Mary?——I’m worried about the interview I had yesterday.—— ,and let’s keep our fingers crossed and hope for the best. A ．Come on B ．No wonder C ．Get ready D ．No problem 4.23. — Let’s discuss the qu estion raised last night, shall we? — There is no hurry for that. I___for a conference.A ．headedB ．was headingC ．am headingD ．have headed 5.Between 1918 and 1938, many new stations were constructed,__________ was designed by an architect named Charles Holden.A ．the most famous of whichB ．the most famous of themC ．the most famous of whomD ．and the most famous of which6.In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations______ would bring about positive emotions. A ．which B ．where C ．whyD．as7.The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details while retelling the story.A．leave off B．leave out C．leave for D．leave over8.—What's wrong with him? He seemed upset.—He had to give up his drawing, not because he wanted ________ that way but because he had to be.A．thisB．oneC．itD．such9. for the boy to talk with his mouth full!A．What bad manners they areB．How bad manners they areC．What bad manners it isD．How bad manners it is10.There is a common belief among them ________ rubbish can should be put to good use.A．which B．what C．whether D．that二、完形填空Of course, she wasn't really my aunt and, out of fear, I never called her that to her face. I only ____ to her as "My Aunt Fannie" because it always made my father chuckle and my mother look ____ at both of us—at me for being _____ of my elder and at my father for _____ my bad behavior.I ____ both reactions so I grasped every opportunity to work the name into as many conversations as possible.As a young woman, my mother had worked in the _____ of a large Victorian farmhouse owned by Fannie Cratty and her twin brother, Farnsworth. They represented the ____ of the Cratty line. Neither had married ____ had any living heirs(继承人) and my father once told me in a whisper that it was because they were both too ____ to share their family wealth. During those years my mother helped Aunt Fanny make the best blueberry jam ever ____ by anyone in Glenfield. She was noted for her jam and for never ____ the recipe with anyone else. ____ my mother knew the recipe by heart, as long as Aunt Fannie was alive, she ____ made the jam without Ms. Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.One year, after I had been particularly helpful with the jam process Aunt Fannie gave me a ____ and then made me promise that I would never spend it. " ____ this quarter," she said, "and some day you will be rich. I still have my very first quarter given by my grandfather." It hadobviously ____ for her. So I followed her advice.I now have the blueberry jam recipe and the quarter from Aunt Fannie. In people's eye Aunt Fannie's ____ was attributed to that secret recipe. But to me, it was just a ____ recipe. However, I keep them as ____ to holdfirmly the valuable things in life. Money can make you feel rich for a while, but it is the relationships and the memories of time spent with friends and family that truly leave you wealthy. And that is a ____ that anyone can build.11.A．called B．thought C．regarded D．referred12.A．coldly B．severely C．delightedly D．politely13.A．disappointed B．disagreeable C．disrespectful D．dissatisfied14.A．encouraging B．scolding C．forcing D．pushing15.A．hated B．respected C．treated D．enjoyed16.A．barn B．kitchen C．yard D．garden17.A．beginning B．start C．end D．glory18.A．nor B．and C．but D．yet19.A．proud B．generous C．strict D．mean20.A．ever B．never C．still D．yet21.A．quarter B．bill C．note D．cheque22.A．Hold back B．Hold up C．Hold onto D．Hold out23.A．sorrow B．success C．schedule D．signature24.A．regulations B．reflections C．reminders D．rewards25.A．future B．fortune C．fantasy D．favor 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

小学上册英语第1单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the capital of the United Arab Emirates?A. DubaiB. Abu DhabiC. SharjahD. AjmanB Abu Dhabi2.The ice cream is _______ (cold).3.What do you call a large body of saltwater?A. RiverB. OceanC. LakeD. PondB4.Which insect produces honey?A. AntB. BeeC. FlyD. MosquitoB5.How many hearts does an octopus have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four6.The ________ was a critical juncture in the history of gender equality.7.What is the name of the event where people come together to celebrate a birthday?A. PartyB. GatheringC. CelebrationD. EventA8.How many colors are there in a standard box of crayons?A. 8B. 16C. 24D. 48答案:C9.The _____ (花海) is a stunning sight in spring.10.She is _____ (playing) the flute.11. A _____ (蜗牛) moves very slowly.12.What do we call a young deer?A. FawnB. CalfC. KidD. Pup13.The ______ (小鸡) hatched from an egg yesterday.14.What is the opposite of "old"?A. AncientB. NewC. RecentD. Young15. A reaction that produces light is called a ______ reaction.16.I found a ________ under the couch.17.My sister is a great __________. (演讲者)18.He is playing in the ___. (sandbox)19.The Age of Exploration began in the ________ century.20.How many players are on a basketball team?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight21.The __________ (盆地) is surrounded by mountains.22.What is the capital of Denmark?A. OsloB. StockholmC. CopenhagenD. HelsinkiC23.The ________ (team) is committed to success.24.The _____ of a star is determined by its size and temperature.25.What is the name of the superhero who wears a cape and flies?A. BatmanB. SupermanC. SpidermanD. IronmanB26.What do you call a person who plays music?A. ArtistB. MusicianC. PerformerD. DancerB27.My favorite sport is ________ (篮球). I practice every day with my ________ (朋友).28.What is the name of the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of CapricornA29.The country famous for its natural parks is ________ (美国).30.I love to visit the ________ (艺术馆) to see paintings.31.The chemical formula for potassium chloride is _______.32.My friend has a lot of __________ (梦想) for the future.33.The freezing point of water is _______ degrees Fahrenheit.34.When a solid is heated, it may ______.35.The first successful airplane flight was in _______.36.The zebra is known for its black and _________. (白条纹)37. A skunk sprays a strong ______ (气味) when threatened.38. A ______ is a type of energy related to heat.39.What do we call the art of making films?A. FilmmakingB. DirectingC. ProducingD. Cinematography40.What do we call a person who studies the effects of space on human behavior?A. Space PsychologistB. SociologistC. AnthropologistD. BiologistA41.Which vegetable is orange and long?A. PotatoB. CarrotC. TomatoD. CucumberB42.My ______ likes to cook delicious food.43. A _______ (兔子) can be a great pet.44. A solution that can conduct electricity is called an ______.45.What is the capital of Armenia?A. YerevanB. GyumriC. VanadzorD. VagharshapatA46.What is the name of the famous wizard in J.K. Rowling's books?A. DumbledoreB. Harry PotterC. VoldemortD. SnapeB47.I can ______ (表达) my feelings clearly.48.The ______ is crucial for survival in the wild.49.What is the name of the fairy tale character who had a magic lamp?A. AladdinB. CinderellaC. RapunzelD. Belle50.The __________ (公共交通) makes travel easier.51.My uncle is very _______ (形容词) about his job. 他总是 _______ (动词).52.Some plants are _______ and can be eaten.53.When it’s foggy, it’s hard to see ______ (远处).54.She has a ________ (passion) for helping others.55.My favorite game involves my toy ____. (玩具名称)56.He is _____ (playing/doing) video games.57.What is the fastest land animal?A. HorseB. CheetahC. LionD. AntelopeB58.The ________ was a significant battle in World War II.59.The _____ (pollen) is carried by the wind.60.In a chemical equation, the substances on the left side are called ______.61.What do you call a baby sheep?A. CalfB. KidC. LambD. Foal62.The angle of incidence equals the angle of ______ (reflection).63.The girl is very ________.64.I like to _____ (探索) different cuisines.65.The __________ is a large area of flat land in Europe.66.I have a _______ (collection) of stamps.67.My mom _____ breakfast every morning. (prepares)68.My mom enjoys gardening and planting ____ (vegetables).69.The chemical symbol for bismuth is ______.70.What is the main function of leaves on a plant?A. SupportB. PhotosynthesisC. ReproductionD. StorageB71.I enjoy watching ________ (比赛) at the stadium.72.What is the opposite of 'light'?A. HeavyB. DarkC. BrightD. Clear73.What is the freezing point of water in Celsius?A. 0B. 32C. 100D. -1A74.The __________ was a conflict between the North and South in 美国.75.Many people enjoy growing ______ in their gardens. (许多人喜欢在花园里种植蔬菜。

湖北省新高考协作体2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题一、阅读理解If you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship (实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?● You have completed your full-time university studies: or● You are studying in a graduate program for a master’s degree.● Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.What are the requirements?● You must be at least 20 years old.● You should have a good command of either English or Chinese.● You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.● You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.● You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.What do you need to prepare?● Visa: You should obtain the necessary visas.● Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.● Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid in the target country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.● Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.● Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling in the application form.Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database forsix months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager to attain more details. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful. For more information, please contact us on . 1．What requirements should the applicants meet?A．Having international study experience.B．Holding a master’s degree in education.C．Being fluent in either English or French.D．Doing well in interacting and communicating with people.2．What will the applicants not need to prepare?A．A necessary visa for the internship.B．A medical certificate for the internship.C．A personal resume for the internship.D．A motivation letter for the internship.3．Where is this text probably taken from?A．A textbook.B．An official website.C．A travel guide.D．An academic article.Many concepts that are central to the human experience are abstract, such as relationships, ideas. and time — things we can’t directly see or touch. We commonly use concrete language to talk and think about these things, often through metaphors (隐喻).Using metaphors is far more than a poetic device of factual statements. A study conducted at Purchase College found that metaphors can frame people’s perspectives, thereby shaping their reasoning and subsequent actions. For example, describing the effort to stop climate change as a “war” rather thana “race” caused people to feel more urgency about reducing emissions.Another example is the lightbulb (灯泡) metaphor commonly used to describe new ideas, suggesting that new thoughts appear suddenly like a light switch being turned on. However, this metaphor implies that new ideas come effortlessly and are accessible only to a select few geniuses, such as Isaac Newton, who supposedly developed his theory of gravity from a sudden insight about a falling apple. It may lead people to question their capability to generate news ideas, and as a behavioral consequence, people may underestimate the role of hard work and continuouslearning in bringing about change.An alternative way to describe ideas is by comparing new thoughts to seeds that fall on fertile ground and — if cared for — will grow and develop over time. Different from the lightbulb metaphor, the seed metaphor implies an understanding that generating new ideas is a laborious process, which requires time and effort. It also suggests that anybody can be the cultivator of ideas as long as they put their mind to it.The subtle effects of metaphors show how powerful language can be, even though we often don’t realize it. Who’d have thought a simple use of a lightbulb metaphor could profoundly affect how we understand the concept of innovation? Given the nature of our metaphorical minds, it is worth asking: are our metaphors suitable? We owe it to ourselves and others to use metaphors appropriately. These choices — conscious or not — can be constructive or destructive.4．What can we know about metaphors according to the study?A．They may lead to conflicts between people.B．They can shape people’s minds and behavior.C．They make language more poetic and meaningful.D．They contribute to clarify abstract concepts further.5．Why does the author mention Isaac Newton in Paragraph 3?A．Because Isaac Newton invented the lightbulb.B．Because celebrities are more popular with people.C．Because the author means to explain the lightbulb metaphor further.D．Because the author intends to show the lightbulb metaphor is superior to the seed metaphor. 6．What is the distinguishing feature of the seed metaphor?A．It indicates consistent efforts of individuals.B．It emphasizes the importance of natural talent.C．It leads to people’s doubt about their own creativity.D．It undervalues the part of people’s hard work in causing changes.7．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A．To present the potential limitations of metaphors.B．To reveal the difficulty of understanding metaphors.C．To urge people to reflect on the strengths of metaphors.D．To call on people to use metaphors properly in daily work and life.Paris embraces the Olympic spirit with a burst of creativity, as nearly 30 colorful street art pieces have transformed the city into an open-air gallery. These artworks, capturing scenes such as the dynamic French fencer Ysaora Thibus and the calm boaters on the Seine River, have made a lasting impression on people.Street artists come from different countries. Their pieces not only capture the essence of Parisian life, from the busy coffee shops to the charming bookstores, but also extend to airports in Lille, Lyon, and Marseille. These cities are co-hosting some of the Olympic events. Street art bridges the gap between high culture and everyday life, making art accessible to everyone. It promotes shared appreciation, inspiring conversations in public spaces like subway stations and airports and encouraging interaction among people of different backgrounds.The Olympics follow strict guidelines and show national spirit, while street art is freer and shows many different cultures from the community. Despite their differences, both the Olympic spirit and the world of art share a common platform of values that celebrate the pursuit (追求) of excellence, encouraging individuals to reach their highest potential. Creativity and innovation are central to both, driving artists to create with every brushstroke and athletes to excel in every performance as they both explore new heights of achievement.Art competitions first appeared at the Olympics in 1912 in Stockholm, with medals awarded in five categories: architecture, literature, music, painting and sculpture. However, the International Olympic Committee ended the competitions in the 1948 Games. Now, the spirit of the Olympics is reflected in the street art that brightens every corner of Paris. “Artists are like athletes. They also require a lot of effort and determination.” said JonOne, who is a pioneer of street art. “I respect athletes in basketball and runners. Art is not really a sport, but it should be included in the Olympics. Just surviving as an artist is an Olympic sport.”8．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A．All the Olympic events are held in Paris.B．Street art encourages cooperation between artists.C．Street art contributes to strengthening social connection.D．Street artists come to France to participate in the Olympic events.9．What do we know about the Olympics and street art according to the passage?A．They have strict standards to follow.B．They reflect the creativity of communities.C．They don’t attach importance to creativity or innovation.D．They not only have differences but also have common points.10．Which of the following statements will JonOne agree with?A．Athletes are easier to gain success than artists.B．People should integrate art with the Olympic Games.C．Athletes deserve more respect from people than artists.D．Art motivates many Olympic athletes to pursue their full potential.11．What is the best title for the text?A．Street Art Adds Color To the Olympics.B．Street Art Centers Around Olympic Events.C．The Olympics Bring Art Into People’s Daily Life.D．The Olympic Games Globalize Street Artists’ Fame.Some of the world’s most important scientists think the idea of people living on the Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed that humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent resident areas, our future should be safe.” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot — for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. Then why and how can we terraform Mars? One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about — 60 degrees centigrade. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce green gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of avolcano and used the sun for energy. Christian e Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. Another important finding was that people living together should be able to get along and work together.One particular organization based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project’s cost of USS6 million is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost about USS100 million, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe.12．What’s Robert Zubrin’s attitude to humans living on Mars?A．Skeptical.B．Ambiguous.C．Favourable.D．Intolerant. 13．What does the underlined word “terraform” mean?A．Building homes on the planet.B．Transforming the planet into Earth.C．Sending people to the planet from Earth.D．Making the planet’s environment similar to Earth’s.14．Why did scientists conduct a test in Hawaii?A．To learn about the local customs.B．To find ways to terraform Mars.C．To confirm one of their concerns.D．To prove Stephen Hawking’s belief wrong.15．What conclusion can we draw about human living on Mars according to the author?A．Humans’ living on Mars is impossible.B．Humans’ living on Mars is probably practical.C．Humans’ living on Mars will become a reality in 2030．D．Humans’ living on Mars has met with many experts’ challenges.How to Improve Your Study HabitsPerhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school.16 This is not necessanly the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here are some tips for you:1．Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. 17 As the saying goes: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” So it’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.2．Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.3．18 Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.4．Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. 195．Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t worry excessively about a single test. 20 They also let you know what you need to spend more time studying on.A．Raise questions actively.B．Tests provide more than grades.C．Make good use of your time in class.D．But you probably think you will never be a top student.E．Certainly, we shouldn’t let studying occupy all the schedule.F．Those who organize their time carefully can study efficiently.G．Besides, regular review contributes to improved performances on test.二、完形填空During World War II, Duchess Nina Douglas played a vital role in looking after animals.As the war broke out, some departments 21 orders for the mass killing livestock (家畜) to prevent them from being captured by the enemy. Duchess Nina 22 a campaign to save animals and soon became known as the “animal heroine” for her 23 .Duchess Nina worked with farmers and animal owners to relocate animals to 24 areas, such as the Scottish Highlands. She also established a network of 25 who helped to care for animals during the war. She 26 feeding programs, medical care and transportation to make animals safe even during the 27 times. The challenging aspect of her work was the 28 of food, so she established a vegetable garden to 29 nutritious meals for animals. She also 30 to the public for donations of food, and was able to 31 enough resources to keep animals fed.Besides saving domestic animals, she was also a strong 32 for wildlife conservation. She started a center for wild animals, working with local protection groups to protect 33 habitats.Some people saw her efforts as a distraction from the war effort. However, she continued to work 34 for animals. After the war. Duchess Nina’s work was recognized by the government and she got an important 35 for her services to animals.21．A．broke B．obeyed C．issued D．tackled 22．A．joined B．addressed C．sponsored D．launched 23．A．talents B．capacities C．efforts D．assessments 24．A．safe B．rare C．industrial D．urban 25．A．gardeners B．volunteers C．servants D．environmentalists 26．A．encountered B．pursued C．obtained D．organized 27．A．busiest B．proudest C．toughest D．freest 28．A．distribution B．shortage C．consumption D．delivery 29．A．create B．share C．donate D．sustain 30．A．handed out B．tried out C．turned out D．reached out31．A．secure B．pool C．waste D．save 32．A．opponent B．advocate C．addict D．victim 33．A．moral B．formal C．final D．natural 34．A．meaninglessly B．harmlessly C．tirelessly D．aimlessly 35．A．scholarship B．opportunity C．qualification D．award三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Unit 6TEXT ANew wordsnumerousa.many 许多的；很多的The library has numerous books, more than I have ever expected. 这个图书馆拥有大量的图书，比我预想的要多得多。

reliablea.able to be trusted or depended on 可信赖的；可靠的A reliable employee does his/her job with minimal error. 一个可靠的员工工作起来错误最少。

contrastvt.compare two things, ideas, people, etc. to show how different they are from each other 使成对比；使成对照In her essay, the author contrasts the present economic crisis with the one 10 years ago. 作者在文中就当前的经济危机和十年前的经济危机进行了对比。

vi.(of two things) be different from each other, often in a noticeable or interesting way 形成对比Her dark hair contrasted sharply with her pale silk gown. 她的黑头发和她的浅色丝绸礼服形成了强烈的对比。

n.[C, U] a difference between people, ideas, situations, things, etc. that are being compared 差异；差别The book presents a very interesting contrast between life now and life 100 years ago. 这本书把现在的生活和100 年之前的生活进行了十分有趣的对比。